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1
Ho, Wing-hei Nancy, and 何穎曦. "Land use and transport: how accessibility shapes land use." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46736852.
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2
Papadimitriou, Fivos. "Land use modelling, land degradation and land use planning in East Attica, Greece." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670256.
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3
Murray, Phillip Dominic. "Urban land use /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm983.pdf.
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4
Landry, Erik S. (Erik Sean). "Carbon dynamics of global land use, land-use change, and forestry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/117919.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: S.M. in Technology and Policy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Engineering, Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 33-36).
Forest harvest for bioenergy is growing rapidly, spurred by the European Commission's declaration that bioenergy is carbon-neutral. Bioenergy advocates argue that the carbon released upon the combustion of harvested wood should eventually be reabsorbed from the atmosphere when the harvested land regrows. Recent studies, however, find that wood bioenergy can exacerbate climate change because it is less efficient than the fossil fuels it displaces, and because regrowth takes time and is uncertain. Other land use, land-use change, and forestry (LULUCF) practices can also cause significant carbon fluxes to and from the atmosphere that vary over time as the carbon sequestered in the biomass and soils on each land type changes. Understanding these complex interactions requires an explicit dynamic model that accounts for various land uses and regions, each with carbon content and flux characteristics specific to their respective vegetation, soil distributions, and climatic domains. This work extends the widely used C-ROADS climate model, originally developed with a single biosphere, to incorporate this level of detail. Built up from a diverse set of highly resolved geospatial databases for land cover, soils, climatic domains, and other relevant characteristics, the model aggregates the data into six land use types (natural forest, harvested forest, cropland, pasture, permafrost, and developed/other land) within six major regions (the US, EU, China, India, Other Developed Nations, and Other Developing Nations). It is used to analyze the impact of harvesting forests for bioenergy. Because wood bioenergy is less efficient than the fossil fuels it displaces, the first impact is an increase in atmospheric CO₂ . If the land regrows as forest, this carbon debt can eventually be repaid. However, the time required to do so is long, ranging from 20 to 186 years, depending on the region supplying the wood and whether the forest is thinned or clear-cut. Converting forest to cropland after harvest increases atmospheric CO₂ concentrations without payback. Results also show that afforestation programs are most effective in reducing atmospheric CO₂ when implemented in regions with more tropical climates due to the higher carbon density of these forests. This fast, regionally specific, multi-land-use model enables policy makers and other stakeholders to quickly design and evaluate of a wide range of LULUCF and bioenergy policy scenarios and their climatic effects.
by Erik S. Landry.
S.M. in Technology and Policy
5
Chan, Hok-kan Eric. "Traffic in Hong Kong new towns." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425684.
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6
Fox, Linette Sue. "Property taxes on land and land use." Thesis, Montana State University, 1992. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/1992/fox/FoxL1992.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All fifty U.S. states have some form of property tax relief for agricultural land. Preferential assessment of agricultural land for property taxes distorts the like treatment of equally valuable real property. However, property taxes are administered as a part of the nation's tax system. The effect of preferential assessment for agricultural land must be evaluated within the tax system. A formal model of land values and times of converting agricultural land to urban uses is developed in this thesis. A property tax on land, a rollback tax, an income tax, and a capital gains tax are applied to the model, and the optimal time of conversion is examined. Comparative static results are discussed by simulating the tax rates. Property tax preferences for agricultural land, when administered in a vacuum, delay conversion to urban uses. Rollback taxes, intended to penalize conversion of land out of agricultural uses, have little effect on the allocation of land. Land rents and capital gains are effectively untaxed for land in owner-occupied housing. Property tax preferences are small in comparison with these preferences for land in owner-occupied housing; thus, the tax system's bias is to allocate more land to housing. However, land rents and capital gains are taxed for land in commercial use, allocating land to agricultural over commercial uses. The effect of the property tax is to reduce the allocation of land to commercial uses and to mitigate the bias created by other taxes when land is converted to housing. Thus, the current tax policy does not necessarily promote an inefficient allocation of land.
7
Andam, Kwaw Senyi. "Essays on the evaluation of land use policy the effects of regulatory protection on land use and social welfare /." Diss., unrestricted, 2008. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07092008-151604/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2008.Title from file title page. Paul J. Ferraro, committee chair ; Alexander Pfaff, Gary T. Henry, Gregory B. Lewis, Douglas S. Noonan, committee members. Electronic text (99 p.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed October 28, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-98).
8
Wong, Chi-kwong. "A new methodology for calibrating the Lowry model /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19719772.
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Bates-Lanclos, Melissa Marie. "Assessing urban land use/land cover change in Springfield, Missouri 1972-2000 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1426046.
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10
Miller, Thomas Wright. "Land use contracts revisited." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The changes to the British Columbia Municipal Act repealing land use contracts in 1978 by Bill 42, and the subsequent amendments leading up to Bill 62 in 1985 and Bill 30 in 1987 have been both dramatic and comprehensive in their effect on land development and the approval process. Since the repealing of land use contracts and in spite of the new amendments, B.C. planning legislation has been increasingly criticized among developers, planners, and local governments for the lack of development agreement provisions and adequate flexibility in the municipal approval process.
This thesis investigates the possibility of reintroducing land use contracts as a development agreement control in the context of current planning practices. A literature review of the evolution of municipal planning control in B.C. is conducted to provide background information for a theoretical and practical evaluation of the current system of controls in comparison to the former system of land use contracts. The theoretical evaluation is based on measuring both systems against normative criteria, whereas the practical evaluation is comprised of a local government/development industry survey and several case studies.
The following conclusions are made in this research:
- Land use contracts were introduced in response to a growing need among local governments for some legitimate legislative means of entering into development agreements with developers to require developers to assist in providing the municipal services associated with their development.
- Local government support for the land use contract was based on the ability to regulate design, ensure regulation performance, and to enter into off-site servicing and amenity agreements.
- The development industry was initially supportive of land use contracts because they offered unlimited flexibility during negotiations and the certainty of a legal contract immune to future zoning changes. Developers eventually withdrew their support for land use contracts complaining of large scale downzoning, lengthy approval delays and excessive impost fees. Many of these allegations are dispelled in this research, but the real weakness of the land use contract was that it was difficult to amend and could be used extensively to replace zoning, effectively "fettering" future council's planning powers.
- In the absence of the land use contract, many municipal governments are continuing with a land use contract practice, but without a legislative or in some instances legal basis.
- The theoretical analysis, survey and case studies determine that the current planning legislation is adequate for the most part. There is a need however, for a land use contract mechanism to accommodate mixed use, comprehensive or complicated developments. This type of control was determined to be superior in accommodating these types of projects to the current approach of using a variety of planning mechanisms. Generally there is support among local governments and the development industry in B.C. for new land use contract legislation as long as it is more clearly defined to avoid the mistakes of its use in the 1970's.
On the basis of this analysis, the study recommends that land use contract reintroduced but in a much more controlled and limited way.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
11
Almeyda, Angelica M. "Land use and land cover in Iñapari, Peru, and Assis Brazil, Brazil, southwest Amazonia." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0005480.
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12
Yeung, Chi-shing, and 楊志成. "Energy and land-use interaction in Hong Kong: implications for land-use planning." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43893624.
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13
Gildea, Jason James. "Relationships Between Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Water-Quality Trends in Virginia." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33253.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research examines the relationships between land use and surface water quality trends in Virginia. Data from 168 surface water quality monitoring stations throughout Virginia were analyzed for trends for the period of 1978 to 1995. Water-quality data available at these stations included dissolved oxygen saturation (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), pH, total residue (TR), non-filterable residue (NFR), nitrate-nitrite nitrogen (NN), total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), total phosphorus (TP), and fecal coliform (FC). A seasonal Kendall analysis was used to determine trends for each water-quality parameter at each station; this analysis produced an indicator (Kendall's tau) of improving or declining water quality. Median values for each water-quality variable were also determined at the monitoring stations.
Virginia land use was determined from the USGS Land Use Land Cover (LULC) data (1970s) and the Multi-resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) data (1990s). Land-use variables included urban, forest, pasture, cropland, total agriculture, and urban change. These six variables were correlated with Kendall's tau to determine if relationships exist between water-quality trends and land use. Water-quality medians and land use were also correlated.
In general, highly forested watersheds in Virginia were associated with improving water quality over the 1978 to 1995 study period. These watersheds were also commonly associated with better water quality as measured by the water-quality medians. Watersheds with less agricultural land tended to be associated with improving water quality. Better water quality, as measured by the water-quality medians, was generally associated with watersheds possessing fewer urban acres. There were few significant relationships between water-quality medians and agricultural variables.Master of Science
14
Yeung, Chi-shing. "Energy and land-use interaction in Hong Kong : implications for land-use planning /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B17665516.
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Chung, Wai-hong Laurence. "Level of success of the statutory planning system in preserving & guiding development of our rural environment /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B20667590.
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16
Leach, Nicholas Persak. "Hydrologic response of land use and land cover changes." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2015. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1870.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Throughout the years, land use and land cover (LULC) changes have directly impacted the water cycle in Iowa. To better understand the hydrological response to LULC change, the Hydrological Simulation Program - FORTRAN (HSPF) model will be used to qualitatively evaluate the effects of different LULC’s and quantify the associated adjustments to model parameters. Anecdotal and observational evidence of the hydrologic response will be employed to define how model parameters should be adjusted to represent certain LULC changes. The hydrologic assessment will be of the Turkey River Watershed located in northeast Iowa, which covers approximately 1,693 square miles.
17
Yao, Xin. "Governance mechanisms of urban fringe land use in China a case study of Nanjing /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B30577949.
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Chan, Lok-kin. "Critically analyze planning control in Hong Kong : is the planning control mechanism in Hong Kong effective and flexible? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25248625.
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19
Smith, Andrew Ewart. "Educational land use in Kent." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.244027.
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20
Alireza, Gerayeli. "LAND USE AND TRANSPORTATION MODELING." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1416342965.
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21
Artiola, Janick. "Biosolids Land Use in Arizona." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/146291.
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22
Cheng, Chi Han. "Land use effects on energy and water balance-developing a land use adapted drought index." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5160.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Climate change is expected to increase the frequency, intensity and duration of droughts in all parts of the United States (US). Snow packs are disappearing earlier in the spring and summer, with reduced stream-flow. Lower reservoir levels, higher temperatures, and greater precipitation variability have been observed. Drought events in the US have threatened drinking water supplies for communities in Maryland and Chesapeake Bay as observed in 2001 through September 2002; Lake Mead in Las Vegas in 2000 through 2004; Peace River and Lake Okeechobee in South Florida in 2006; and Lake Lanier in Atlanta, Georgia in 2007. ENSO influences the climate of Florida; where El Nino years tend to be cooler and wetter, while La Nina years tend to be warmer and drier than normal in the fall through the spring, with the strongest effect in the winter. Both prolonged heavy rainfall and drought potentially have impacts on land uses and many aspects of Florida's economy and quality of life. Drought indices could integrate various hydrological and meteorological parameters and quantify climate anomalies in terms of intensity, duration, and spatial extent, thus making it easier to communicate information to diverse users. Hence, understanding local ENSO patterns on regional scales and developing a new land use drought index in Florida are critical in agriculture and water resources planning and managements. Current drought indices have limitations and drawbacks such as calculation using climate data from meteorological stations, which are point measurements. In addition, weather stations are scarce in remote areas and are not uniformly distributed. Currently used drought indices like the PDSI and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) could not fully demonstrate the land use effects. Other limitations include no single index that addresses universal drought impact. Hence, there is a renewed interest to develop a new "Regional Land Use Drought Index (RLDI) that could be applied for various land use areas and serve for short term water resources planning. In this study, the first and second research topics investigated water and energy budgets on the specific and important land use areas (urban, forest, agriculture and lake) in the State of Florida by using the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) reanalysis data. NARR data were used to understand how drought events, EI Nino, La Nina, and seasonal and inter-annual variations in climatic variables affect the hydrologic and energy cycle over different land use areas. The results showed that the NARR data could provide valuable, independent analysis of the water and energy budgets for various land uses in Florida. Finally, the high resolution land use (32km x 32km) adapted drought indices were developed based on the NARR data from 1979 to 2002. The new regional land use drought indices were developed from normalized Bowen ratio and the results showed that they could reflect not only the level of severity in drought events resulting from land use effects, but also La Nina driven drought impacts.ID: 031001561; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Title from PDF title page (viewed August 26, 2013).; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Civil, Environmental, and Construction Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Civil Engineering
23
Gollnow, Florian. "Land use change and land use displacement dynamics in Mato Grosso and Pará, Brazilian Amazon." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18732.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Die Nachfrage nach Agrarerzeugnissen gilt als zentrale Ursache für den Verlust weltweit wichtiger Ökosysteme. In Brasilien hat speziell die Ausweitung der Sojaproduktion zur Abholzung tropischer Wälder und Savannen geführt. Zumeist werden neu gerodete Flächen als Rinderweiden genutzt und vormalige Weiden für den Sojaanbau umgewandelt. Diese Entwicklung führt zu der Annahme, dass die Ausweitung der Sojaproduktion indirekt für die Rodung verantwortlich ist. Staatliche Umweltpolitiken und die Selbstverpflichtung der Sojaindustrie haben seit 2004 zu einer Verringerung der Abholzung beigetragen. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt die vorliegende Dissertation darauf ab, ein vertieftes Verständnis der Wechselwirkungen zwischen Soja- und Rinderwirtschaft zu erlangen. Im Fokus stehen räumliche und zeitliche Dynamiken von Landnutzung und Landnutzungsverdrängung in Mato Grosso und Pará, einer der dynamischsten Regionen Brasiliens. Für diese Bundesstaaten werden Landnutzung und Landnutzungsverdrängung im regionalen Kontext, auf Grundstücksebene und mithilfe von Szenarien untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Strategien zur Verringerung der Abholzung Einfluss auf die Dynamiken der Landnutzung und Landnutzungsverdrängung hatten. Die durch die Ausweitung des Sojaanbaus hervorgerufene Verdrängungsprozesse haben sich nach der Implementierung der Umweltschutzstrategien verringert. Auch die Abholzung auf einzelnen Grundstücken in Mato Grosso ging zurück. Zugleich zeigt die Analyse, dass die Selbstverpflichtung der Sojaindustrie durch indirekte Abholzung teilweise untergraben wird. Die Ergebnisse der Szenarien unterstreichen die regionale Dynamik und speziell die Risiken einer weiteren Ausweitung von Rinderweiden. Insgesamt legen die Ergebnisse nahe, dass auf Reduktion der Abholzung abzielende Strategien die Wechselwirkungen von Soja- und Rinderwirtschaft beachten müssen. Dies erfordert eine verstärkte Zusammenarbeit von Rinderwirtschaft, Sojaindustrie und staatlichen Organisationen.Demands for agricultural commodities are a major threat for some of the most valuable ecosystems in the world. The expansion of the agricultural sector in Brazil, fueled by global demands for soybeans, contributed to the loss of tropical and savanna ecosystems. However, most deforestation was caused by pastures, raising concerns about land use displacement processes between soybean expansion and cattle ranching. Promising, reductions of deforestation were observed following the implementation of governmental strategies and zero-deforestation supply chain commitments. This thesis aims to contribute to the understanding of spatial and temporal dynamics of soybean expansion and cattle ranching, driving deforestation in one of the most dynamic agricultural expansion and deforestation frontier of Brazil, in Mato Grosso and Pará. In this region, land use displacement describes the conversion of pasture to soybean followed by deforestation for cattle ranching at another location. This process was assessed at regional and property-level. Moreover, scenario analysis was applied to identify regional and subregional dynamics of land use changes. The results indicated that environmental governance affected regional and local land use dynamics and displacement processes. Distal displacement processes between soybean expansion and deforestation were significant, contributing to deforestation, but declined subsequently to the implementation of environmental policies. Likewise, deforestation at property-level declined following the policy implementations. However, the effectiveness of the zero-deforestation supply chain commitment was found to be at risk due to property-level displacement deforestation. Additionally, the scenario analysis emphasized the importance of subregional dynamics and identified risks of future deforestation. Integrating efforts between supply chain (soy and cattle) and governmental actors may be crucial to reduce deforestation in the Amazon.
24
Regan, John Joseph Jr. "Land Use Predictors Affecting Land Disturbance in Exurban Arivaca, Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/202972.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Exurbanization is occurring where large tracts of land are being sold to developers. Typically these are ranches that are then divided into 40-acre parcels and sold by developers, avoiding subdivision regulations requiring paved streets, utilities and other amenities. The result is an unplanned subdivision with no infrastructure, and tax revenues that cannot offset the cost of providing it. Interviews with professional planners suggested there may be independent variables capable of predicting the amount of human disturbance in an exurban area: parcel size, full cash value, tenure, distance to paved roads, site-built housing, mobile homes, and presence of biological or riparian areas. A total of 7,465 acres (3,022 ha) of parcel disturbance were digitized in exurban Arivaca, acreage values were converted to a binary dependent variable and used in logistic regression analysis to test independent variables' predictive value. Four were statistically significant: parcel size, full cash value, mobile homes and site-built housing. Landscape fragmentation was also tested using the presence of the variable scoring highest in probability - site-built housing. Zones of influence with a negative ecological influence surrounded the homes - up to 5,055 acres (2,046 ha) were impacted. Interviews with an exemplary sample of residents regarding their land use ethic found all had very strong opinions on how their properties should be treated as well as undesirable land uses such as overgrazing, over-use of groundwater for short-term economic gain and use of off-road vehicles. An explanation of the small sample size of both planners and residents is warranted. Planners were limited to those working in Pima County government who had professional experience with the study area of Arivaca and were familiar with its particular situation. The number of Arivaca residents interviewed was intended to discern an exemplary group's opinions based on how large a parcel they owned, the various sizes being a typical cross-section of acreage in the study area. What these findings illustrate is (1) the difficulty of predicting human-induced disturbance, (2) land fragmentation is more than the actual areas of physical disturbance and (3) some residents are aware of impacts related to their activities, mitigating damage wherever possible.
25
Chan, Cheung-Wai Jonathan. "A neural network approach to land use/land cover change detection /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21415067.
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Maluki, Peter Masavi. "MAPPING LAND COVER LAND USE CHANGE IN MBEERE DISTRICT, KENYA." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1187030316.
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27
Timpson, Kellee C. "Local land preservation in Washington /." Online version, 2009. http://content.wwu.edu/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/theses&CISOPTR=311&CISOBOX=1&REC=11.
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28
Gartin, Meredith Louise. "Exploring 'Place' in planning and zoning debates across a rural-urban gradient." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Theses/GARTIN_MEREDITH_41.pdf.
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Li, Ling-hin. "The privatisation of land use rights in China : an evaluation of land price behaviour in Shanghai's land market /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B16121521.
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30
Thanapakpawin, Porranee. "Spatially-distributed modeling of hydrology and nitrogen export from watersheds /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9850.
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31
Hurley, Patrick Todd. "Whose vision? : The political ecology of land-use policy in Nevada County, California /." view abstract or download file of text, 2004. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3153790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2004.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-189). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
32
Yorke, Charles. "Analyzing land use and land cover change in Densu River Basin in Ghana a remote sensing and GIS approach /." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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33
Zhang, Wendong. "Three Essays on Land Use, Land Management, and Land Values in the Agro-Ecosystem." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1437656707.
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34
Graham, M. D. "Coexistence in a land use mosaic? : land use, risk and elephant ecology in Laikipia District, Kenya." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.599587.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is about the patterns, determinants and consequences of human-elephant interaction in Laikipia District in northern Kenya. Laikipia is located outside of formally protected areas, supports a range of land use types and harbours Kenya’s second largest elephant population comprised of over 3,000 animals. I show that elephants occur across almost 50% of Laikipia District and, intriguingly, are relatively evenly distributed across locations under cultivation, settlement and livestock production. Results from over a 100km of ground transects, however, show that the relative abundance of elephants varies in relation to specific forms of human activity, in particular the risk of mortality presented by human occupants to elephants. Elephant use of intolerant land units, such as smallholder areas, is determined by human population density and distance from daytime refuges. An elephant’s use of smallholder areas increases with the proportion of land under smallholder production within an elephant’s range. Male elephants use intolerant areas more than female elephants. I show that elephants use cover of darkness to exploit elephant intolerant land units. I addition I show that elephants increase speed of travel through intolerant land units. I argue that these findings together with some preliminary evidence for aggregation in response to risk suggest that elephants demonstrate behavioural plasticity in response to risk and are, to some degree, resilient to human induced landscape change. Contact with elephants among local people in Laikipia varies with patterns of household resource use. Negative attitudes towards elephants were, however, not shaped by the likelihood of contact with elephants but rather by negative experiences involving elephants, such as crop-raiding, and/or knowledge of incidents in which elephants had either injured or killed local people.
35
Wesemann, Harald. "Land-use planning in the Liesbeeck-Black River confluence area: management recommendations and land-use alternatives." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30574.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation is the individual analysis and evaluation of the baseline information on the Liesbeeck-Black River Confluence Area (hereinafter referred to as Confluence Area) gathered by the 1993-1994 Environmental and Geographical Science (EN GEO) Master of Philosophy (MPhil) class (see Appendix A). This dissertation is submitted to the examiners for evaluation as a partial requirement for the MPhil degree in Environmental Science.
The baseline report (hereinafter BLR) is titled "Environmental Baseline Study for Land-Use Decision-Making in the Liesbeeck and Black River Confluence Area" (ENGEO Master's Class, 1994). It contains a comprehensive description, as well as preliminary analysis, of all the environmental components (socioeconomic and biophysical) that could be of relevance to land-use planning in the area. The overall need for this study, which comprises the group BLR and the individual dissertations, arises out of the fact that the Confluence Area with its river systems, is part of a "green, open space corridor" that is under pressure from development in a city needing to densify and contain urban sprawl. There is thus potential conflict between development and other environmental considerations including that of open space retention for conservation and recreation purposes. The Cape Town City Council (CCC) suggested this study but is not a "client".
The study on the Confluence Area is intended to be of use to the CCC to enhance their ability to make sound land-use decisions for the area in the best interests of society at large. The CCC is also involved in numerous planning studies for the proposed redevelopment of a large tract of land adjacent to the study area, called the Culemborg-Black River area (hereinafter C-BR), and this study can feed into the overall planning process. This individual dissertation provides the CCC planning process with recommendations and land-use alternatives for the Confluence Area. Since the BLR forms the basis of this dissertation, they should be read in conjunction with each other.
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Schwarz, Mark Andrew. "Integrating Water Resources Into Land Use Planning: Connecting Local Land use Decisions and Water Resource Impacts." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/190410.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water supply development has changed significantly in the last fifty years. Expanding existing water supplies or locating and securing new water supplies has become increasingly difficult and highly constrained. In addition, awareness of and experience with the deleterious environmental impacts of water supply development has further constrained future development. Given this new paradigm, it is imperative that growing areas identify water supplies to accommodate new development before the development occurs. This report provides an analysis of the physical and institutional characteristics of land use and water resource development in Pima County, Arizona. Using this analysis, policy recommendations are formulated to improve the County’s integration of land use and water resource planning. In the case of Pima County, a comprehensive plan water resources element is used as the policy vehicle for reforming public policies.
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陳章偉 and Cheung-Wai Jonathan Chan. "A neural network approach to land use/land cover change detection." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31238166.
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Walter, Christof. "Sustainability assessment of land use systems." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981911935.
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Winkworth, Cynthia Lee, and n/a. "Land use and Giardia in Otago." University of Otago. Department of Zoology, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081219.162139.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Agriculture is key to New Zealand�s economy with land-use conversions in response to market forces occurring regularly. Recently, high-intensity dairy farming has replaced low-density livestock farming, often degrading surrounding waterways. Of particular concern is that dairy cattle can be a source of the parasite Giardia, which in humans is a common cause of gastrointestinal infection. Thus, this thesis evaluated whether dairy farm conversions posed significant consequences for public health.
First I examined the prevalence of Giardia in calves in a rapidly intensifying dairying region of New Zealand. A total of 1190 faecal samples were collected from calves one to seven weeks old during two spring calving seasons and screened by direct immunofluorescent microscopy. Giardia cysts were detected in 31% of samples.
To evaluate the potential risk that this environmental source of Giardia posed to the human population, molecular genotyping was used to compare forty Giardia strains isolated from calves with thirty isolates from humans collected in the same region and period. Sequencing the β-giardin gene, Giardia duodenalis assemblages A and B were identified from both hosts, with genotype comparisons revealing substantial overlap of identical genotypes for both assemblages, implying zoonotic transmission.
Environmental agencies routinely promote the planting of streamside edges to decrease nonpoint pollution from dairy farms entering waterways. However, current methods for tracking pathogens across farmland and into waterways via surface runoff are limited and typically have been developed using artificially created landscapes. Furthermore, no studies have investigated how Giardia moves across the landscape in farm surface runoff. I developed a field-based tracking method specific for Giardia and used this technique to compare the ability of recently planted vegetation strips with bare soil strips cleared of vegetation at decreasing pathogen concentrations; a typical scenario when planting barriers to reduce waterway contamination. A spike containing a bromide tracer and inactivated Giardia cysts was applied in drip-irrigated surface runoff, with one-minute samples collected from the bottom of the plot. A significant treatment effect was identified for Giardia, with 26% fewer detected in runoff from the planted strip, highlighting the immediate benefit of vegetation planting in removing pathogens.
Next I evaluated the effects of four riparian treatments on Giardia runoff: exotic pasture grass and weeds growing in the absence of cattle grazing due to fencing, in comparison to monocultural plantings of three New Zealand native grassland species. Runoff experiments were performed after planting, both prior to and following the main summer growing season. Bromide recovery was high from all four treatments (54 - 99%), with no significant treatment effects. By comparison, Giardia recovery was low (1 - 13%). Prior to summer, two native species reduced Giardia in runoff more than the pasture grass/weed treatment which was almost vegetation-free at this time. After summer, Giardia recoveries were uniformly lower in all treatments. These results demonstrate that after one growing season, fencing waterways produces riparian buffers, via the growth of exotic pasture plants released from grazing, that decrease pathogen concentrations in surface runoff to concentrations indistinguishable from native plantings.
Given infectious organisms are known to be in the environment, it is important to assess the risk these pose to human populations. Findings from this research can be used to improve currently available risk-assessment models for Giardia transmission from infected dairy animals via water to humans.
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Burgess, Joanne Catherine. "Economics of tropical forest land use." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.250689.
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Gebrehiwot, Worku Zewdie. "Climate, land use and vegetation trends." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-209668.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land use / land cover (LULC) change assessment is getting more consideration by global environmental change studies as land use change is exposing dryland environments for transitions and higher rates of resource depletion. The semiarid regions of northwestern Ethiopia are not different as land use transition is the major problem of the region. However, there is no satisfactory study to quantify the change process of the region up to now. Hence, spatiotemporal change analysis is vital for understanding and identification of major threats and solicit solutions for sustainable management of the ecosystem. LULC change studies focus on understanding the patterns, processes and dynamics of land use transitions and driving forces of change. The change processes in dryland ecosystems can be either seasonal, gradual or abrupt changes of random or systematic change processes that result in a pattern or permanent transition in land use. Identification of these processes of change and their type supports adoption of monitoring options and indicate possible measures to be taken to safeguard this dynamic ecosystem.
This study examines the spatiotemporal patterns of LULC change, temporal trends in climate variables and the insights of the communities on change patterns of ecosystems. Landsat imagery, MODIS NDVI, CRU temperature, TAMSAT rainfall and socio-ecological field data were used in order to identify change processes. LULC transformation was monitored using support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. A cross-tabulation matrix assessment was implemented in order to assess the total change of land use categories based on net change and swap change. In addition, the pattern of change was identified based on expected gain and loss under a random process of gain and loss, respectively. Breaks For Additive Seasonal and Trend (BFAST) analysis was employed for determining the time, direction and magnitude of seasonal, abrupt and trend changes within the time series datasets. In addition, Man Kendall test statistic and Sen’s slope estimator were used for assessing long term trends on detrended time series data components. Distributed lag (DL) model was also adopted in order to determine the time lag response of vegetation to the current and past rainfall distribution.
Over the study period of 1972- 2014, there is a significant change in LULC as evidenced by a significant increase in size of cropland of about 53% and a net loss of over 61% of woodland area. The period 2000-2014 has shown a sharp increase of cropland and a sharp decline of woodland areas. Proximate causes include agricultural expansion and excessive wood harvesting; and underlying causes of demographic factor, economic factors and policy contributed the most to an overuse of existing natural resources. In both the observed and expected proportion of random process of change and of systematic changes, woodland has shown the highest loss compared to other land use types. The observed transition and expected transition under random process of gain of woodland to cropland is 1.7%, implies that cropland systematically gains to replace woodland. The comparison of the difference between observed and expected loss under random process of loss also showed that when woodland loses cropland systematically replaces it. The assessment of magnitude and time of breakpoints on climate data and NDVI showed different results. Accordingly, NDVI analysis demonstrated the existence of breakpoints that are statistically significant on the seasonal and long term trends. There is a positive trend, but no breakpoints on the long term precipitation data during the study period. The maximum temperature also showed a positive trend with two breakpoints which are not statistically significant. On the other hand, there is no seasonal and trend breakpoints in minimum temperature, though there is an overall positive trend along the study period.
The Man-Kendall test statistic for long term average Tmin and Tmax showed significant variation where as there is no significant trend within the long term rainfall distribution. The lag regression between NDVI and precipitation indicated a lag of up to forty days. This proves that the vegetation growth in this area is not primarily determined by the current precipitation rather with the previous forty days rainfall. The combined analysis showed declining vegetation productivity and a loss of vegetation cover that contributed for an easy movement of dust clouds during the dry period of the year. This affects the land condition of the region, resulting in long term degradation of the environment
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Division, Johnson City GIS. "Johnson City Land Use Map - 1998." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 1999. https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/71.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Produced by the Johnson City GIS Division on December 1, 1999, this map denotes the land use of Johnson City as of 1998. The key along the bottom edge identifies the types of land use via a color code. Major roads and highways are labeled on the map itself.
Scale - 3" = 6000’https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1070/thumbnail.jpg
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Ivakhnenko, O. "The essence of rational land use." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2019. https://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/77012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The earth has always had on enormous value, because it is not a product of
human labor, it is created by nature, and its reserves cannot be increased. As the world
practice confirms, land resources are the main source of prosperity for any country in
the world.
Agricultural land is especially valuable because it performs a triune function: it
is an ecological integral resource which creates conditions for the life and existence of
the population; it is also a spatial basis for the placement of productive forces; it is the
main means of agricultural production, that is, the object and means of labor at the
same time. Land is also a powerful factor in identifying and realizing the role and place
of land in economic security, history, culture, and social development of the country.
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Kwok, Chi-wo Simon. "The Hong Kong government's policy on land use in the New Territories : a land use management and environmental protection perspective /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14023854.
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Wong, Wing-yin. "Alternative development for Central reclamation /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B34737327.
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Lin, R. S. T. "Land taxation and land use in Taiwan (ROC) and the UK." Thesis, University of Reading, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376784.
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Saxena, Rishu. "Towards a Polyalgorithm for Land Use and Land Cover Change Detection." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Earth observation satellites (EOS) such as Landsat provide image datasets that can be immensely useful in numerous application domains.
One way of analyzing satellite images for land use and land cover change (LULCC) is time series analysis (TSA). Several algorithms for time series analysis have been proposed by various groups in remote sensing; more algorithms (that can be adapted) are available in the general time series literature. However, in spite of an abundance of algorithms, the choice of algorithm to be used for analyzing an image stack is presently an open question. A concurrent issue is the prohibitive size of Landsat datasets, currently of the order of petabytes and growing. This makes them computationally unwieldy --- both in storage and processing. An EOS image stack typically consists of multiple images of a fixed area on the Earth's surface (same latitudes and longitudes)
taken at different time points. Experiments on multicore servers indicate
that carrying out meaningful time series analysis on one such interannual, multitemporal stack with existing state of the art codes can take several days.
This work proposes using multiple algorithms to analyze a given image
stack in a polyalgorithmic framework. A polyalgorithm combines several basic algorithms, each meant to solve the same problem, producing a strategy that unites the strengths and circumvents the weaknesses of constituent algorithms. The foundation of the proposed TSA based polyalgorithm is laid using three algorithms (LandTrendR, EWMACD, and BFAST). These algorithms are precisely described mathematically, and chosen to be fundamentally distinct from each other in design and in the phenomena they capture. Analysis of results representing success, failure, and parameter sensitivity for each algorithm is presented. Scalability issues, important for real simulations, are also discussed, along with scalable implementations, and speedup results. For a given pixel, Hausdorff distance is used to compare the distance between the
change times (breakpoints) obtained from two different algorithms. Timesync validation data, a dataset that is based on human interpretation of Landsat time series in concert with historical aerial photography, is used for validation. The polyalgorithm yields more accurate results than EWMACD and LandTrendR alone, but counterintuitively not better than BFAST alone. This nascent work will be directly useful in land use and land cover change studies, of interest to terrestrial science research, especially regarding anthropogenic impacts on the environment, and in much broader applications such as health monitoring and urban transportation.M. S.
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Batunacun. "Modelling land use and land cover change on the Mongolian Plateau." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21796.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Der Bezirk Xilingol wurde als geeignetes Beispiel ausgewählt, weil es zu einem großen Flächenanteil von Grassteppe bedeckt ist und fast alle Phasen der Umweltpolitik Chinas durchlaufen hat. Es wurden zwei deutlich voneinander abgrenzbare Phasen identifiziert, von 1975 bis 2000 und von 2000 bis 2015. Während der ersten Phase, bis 2000, war Landdegradation der dominante Landnutzungswandelprozess, der 11.4 % der Gesamtfläche betraf. In dieser Phase war die menschliche Einflussnahme der Hauptfaktor in acht Landkreisen, die sich ändernden Wasserverhältnisse war es in sechs Landkreisen. Während der zweiten Phase, ab 2000, setzte ein spürbare Erholung des Zustandes auf 12 % des Gesamtgebietes ein, während die Degradation jedoch weiter voranschritt und zusätzliche 9,5 % des Landes veränderte. Während dieser Phase wurde die Städtebildung zum dominanten Treiber für die Landdegradierung in sieben Landkreisen, während der Einfluss menschlicher Störungen und der Wasserverfügbarkeit wieder zurückging.
Nach der Identifizierung der Haupttreiber für die Landdegradation, wurde die komplexe Beziehung zwischen verschiedenen Treibern und der Grassteppen-Degradation untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass die Beziehung zwischen dicht bedeckter, moderat bedeckter, und spärlich bedeckter Grassteppe und die Dichte des Schafbesatzes für die Degradationsdynamik in der Grassteppe verantwortlich waren.
In dieser Arbeit wurden die Methoden der Clusteranalyse, der Partial-Order-Theorie, und der Hasse Diagramme eingesetzt, um die Haupttreiber der Landdegradation auf Landkreisebene zu identifizieren. Dann wurde ein Ansatz aus dem maschinellen Lernen, XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) verwendet, um die Dynamik der Grassteppen-Degradation vorauszusagen. Darüber hinaus wurde SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) eingesetzt, um das von XGBoost erstellte Black-Box-Modell zu in seine Bestanteile zu zerlegen und für jedes Degradations-Pixel in der Karte den Haupttreiber zu extrahieren.The aims of this thesis are to gain an integrated and systematic understanding of the processes and determinants of land degradation on the Mongolian Plateau. Xilingol was chosen as a suitable example, mainly since it is covered by vast grassland, and has experienced almost all ecological policies that have been implemented in China. Two distinct phases were identified in this region: 1975-2000 and 2000-2015. During the first phase (up to 2000), land degradation was the dominant land use change process, accounting for 11.4% of the total area. During this phase, human disturbance was the major driver in eight counties, whereas the water condition was the dominant driver in six counties. During the second phase (post-2000), land restoration increased (12.0% of the total area), whereas degradation continued, resulting in a further 9.5% of degraded land. During this phase, urbanisation became the dominant driver of land degradation in seven counties, while effects resulting from human disturbance and water availability decreased after 2000. After identifying the major drivers of degradation, the complex relationships between drivers and grassland degradation were captured. The results indicated that the distance to dense, moderately dense grass and sparse grass and sheep density were responsible for the grassland degradation dynamics. In this thesis, a clustering method, partial order theory and Hasse diagram techniques were first used to identify the major drivers of land degradation at the county level. Subsequently, an approach from machine learning, XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting), was used to predict the dynamics of grassland degradation. Moreover, SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) values were used to open up the black box model, and the primary driver was extracted for each pixel showing degradation.
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Guardiola-Claramonte, Maria Teresa. "EFFECTS OF LAND USE / LAND COVER CHANGE ON THE HYDROLOGICAL PARTITIONING." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/145730.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Current global population growth and economic development accelerates the land cover conversion in many parts of the world and compromises the natural environment. However, the impacts of this land cover change on the hydrologic cycle at local to regional scales are poorly understood. The thesis presented here investigates the hydrologic implications of land use conversion in two different settings using two different approaches. The first study focuses in Southeast Asia and the expansion of rubber monocultures in a middle-sized basin. Field measurements suggest rubber has distinct dynamics compared to the area's native vegetation, depleting and exhausting the local water balance more than native vegetation. A phenology based evapotranspiration function is developed and used in a hillslope based hydrologic model to predict the implications of rubber expansion at a basin scale. The second study is centered in the semi-arid southwestern United States. This study challenges the traditional assumption that deforestation increases water yield at regional scales. Observations of water yield in basins affected by a regional piñon pine die-off show a decline in water yield during several years after die-off. These results suggest an increase in landscape sensitivity to vegetation disruption in semi-arid ecosystems as scale increases. Consequences of both studies have important implications for land and water managers in these different ecosystems.
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Cruz, Rex Victor O., and Peter F. Ffolliott. "A Geographically-Based Land Use Suitability Assessment and Land Capability Classification." Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/296434.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the Proceedings of the 1990 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Association and the Hydrology Section - Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science - April 21, 1990, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona