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1
ABDULLAH, Kamaruddin. "Land use planning for food self sufficiency in Central Kalimantan." Tropics 15, no. 3 (2006): 301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3759/tropics.15.301.
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AFLIZAR, Amirizal SAIDI, HUSNAIN, ISMAWARDI, Bambang ISTIJONO, HARMAILIS, SOMURA Hiroaki, Toshiyuki WAKATSUKI, and Tsugiyuki MASUNAGA. "A land use planning recommendation for the Sumani watershed, West Sumatera, Indonesia." Tropics 19, no. 1 (2010): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3759/tropics.19.43.
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Hansen, Matthew C., Peter V. Potapov, Amy H. Pickens, Alexandra Tyukavina, Andres Hernandez-Serna, Viviana Zalles, Svetlana Turubanova, et al. "Global land use extent and dispersion within natural land cover using Landsat data." Environmental Research Letters 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 034050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac46ec.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The conversion of natural land cover into human-dominated land use systems has significant impacts on the environment. Global mapping and monitoring of human-dominated land use extent via satellites provides an empirical basis for assessing land use pressures. Here, we present a novel 2019 global land cover, land use, and ecozone map derived from Landsat satellite imagery and topographical data using derived image feature spaces and algorithms suited per theme. From the map, we estimate the spatial extent and dispersion of land use disaggregated by climate domain and ecozone, where dispersion is the mean distance of land use to all land within a subregion. We find that percent of area under land use and distance to land use follow a power law that depicts an increasingly random spatial distribution of land use as it extends across lands of comparable development potential. For highly developed climate/ecozones, such as temperate and sub-tropical terra firma vegetation on low slopes, area under land use is contiguous and remnant natural land cover have low areal extent and high fragmentation. The tropics generally have the greatest potential for land use expansion, particularly in South America. An exception is Asian humid tropical terra firma vegetated lowland, which has land use intensities comparable to that of temperate breadbaskets such as the United States’ corn belt. Wetland extent is inversely proportional to land use extent within climate domains, indicating historical wetland loss for temperate, sub-tropical, and dry tropical biomes. Results highlight the need for planning efforts to preserve natural systems and associated ecosystem services. The demonstrated methods will be implemented operationally in quantifying global land change, enabling a monitoring framework for systematic assessments of the appropriation and restoration of natural land cover.
4
Putz, Francis E. "SOME ROLES FOR NORTH AMERICAN ECOLOGISTS IN LAND-USE PLANNING IN THE TROPICS." Ecological Applications 10, no. 3 (June 2000): 676–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/1051-0761(2000)010[0676:srfnae]2.0.co;2.
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Bonell, M. "Tropical forest hydrology and the role of the UNESCO International Hydrological Programme." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 3, no. 4 (December 31, 1999): 451–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-3-451-1999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The paper outlines a perspective on tropical forest hydrology within the context of an international hydrological programme. Experience in tropical forest hydrology research in North East Australia is a focal point for comparison with international activities elsewhere. The impacts of climate variability and change are considered briefly, as well as those of reforestation of degraded land on the land use hydrology, which requires a longer term vision and support of long term experimental catchments. Sadly, too few long term experimental catchments have been maintained in the humid tropics and there have been some significant closures even of these sites in recent years. Yet the case for long-term experiments is strengthened by the problematic issue of separating anthropogenic influences (such as land use change) on the hydrology of landscapes from the effects of climate variability at a time of escalation in population and related socio-economic pressures in the humid tropics. Particular emphasis is made of the need for greater consideration for the social and cultural dimensions of forest management within forest hydrology. Furthermore, scientists must be committed to incorporating ‘societal needs' in their planning of research projects, as well as in publicizing the applications of their results, within the framework of forest-land-water policy. Alarm is expressed at the extensive disregard for the application of existing forest hydrology ‘know how' in forest-land management manipulations associated with the humid tropics.
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Neswati, Risma, Sumbangan Baja, Samsu Arif, and Hasni Hasni. "Dryland land-use conflicts in humid tropics: an analysis using geographic information systems and land capability evaluations." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 17, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v17i1.37824.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>This study analyses land-use conflicts in specific dryland agricultural areas in relatively dry humid tropics based on the Regional Spatial Land Use Planning Regulations and land-capability evaluation. This research was conducted in the Regency of Jeneponto, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The observation site was chosen based on several maps overlapping to produce 30 land units spread across 14 land systems in Jeneponto. This study integrates ground surveys and geographic information systems technology. The land capability analysis used a simple approach factor, according to United States Department of Agriculture definitions. The results indicate that land capability was dominated by Class IV, which covered 35,133 ha or 63.1%. Class VI covered 12,581 ha or 22.6%, Class III covered up to 4,378 ha or 7.9%, and Class VIII covered 3,130 ha or 5.6%. Class VII covered only 486 hectares, or 0.9%, the smallest area. These results indicate that the dryland area which had become a land-use conflict was delineated by Regional Spatial Land Use Planning Regulations. The drylands found in Jeneponto cover 22,214 ha or 39.9%, which has been divided into two: an area where non-dryland agriculture was converted into dryland farming (16,503 hectares, or 29.6%), and an area where dryland-farming was converted into non-agricultural dryland area (5,711 hectares, or 10.3%). Interviews with 50 farmers in the study location revealed factors that had changed agricultural dryland use into non-agricultural dryland use; lower incomes due to decreased soil fertility was a crucial factor.</p>
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Alcántara-Ayala, Irasema, and Alan P. Dykes. "Introduction - Land use change in the tropics: Causes, consequences and monitoring in Mexico." Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography 31, no. 2 (July 19, 2010): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9493.2010.00397.x.
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Landholm, David M., Prajal Pradhan, and Juergen P. Kropp. "Diverging forest land use dynamics induced by armed conflict across the tropics." Global Environmental Change 56 (May 2019): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.006.
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Bhermana, Andy, and Susilawati Susilawati. "Environmentally Sound Spatial Management Using Conservation and Land Evaluation Approach at Sloping Lands in Humid Tropic (A case study of Antang Kalang sub-district, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia)." SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology 16, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/stjssa.v16i1.24004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The main problem faced by sloping lands in the humid tropic includes land degradation influencing natural ecosystem damage broadly. Land conversion and improper land-use have been widely recognized as the main cause of environmental damage since the demands for agricultural lands become greater than land resource available. The objective of this study was to determine the concept of appropriate land-use planning through environmentally sound spatial management in order to prevent land and environmental degradation. The sub-district of Antang Kalang was chosen as study area representing sloping lands in humid tropic that have a susceptibility to erosion. Conservation approach by the use of USLE erosion risk prediction model and land evaluation through land suitability classification was used in this study. The geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing (RS) technology were applied to generate spatial basic information and to assist in spatial analysis. Two crops, upland rice, and rubber, representing food crop and estate p have been selected based on the local resource that has been existed since a long time ago. The result of spatial analysis shown that the arable land for agricultural practices covers 9,039 hectares (23.19%) while for non-arable land, it is allocated for forest preservation with total areas 29,934 hectares (76.81%). Land-use planning and land resources management involving conservation aspect and land suitability evaluation should be taken into account for farming practice at sloping lands areas since the value of soil loss potential appears as an indicator of erosion risk. Permanent cultivation system and the intercropping farming system is the option of recommended agricultural practice at sloping lands in the humid tropic that have a susceptibility to erosion.
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Kusmana, Dody, Paikun, and Edi Rohadi. "Mitigation of landslides due to land use in population settlements." Jurnal TESLINK : Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 3, no. 2 (September 29, 2021): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/teslink.v3i2.86.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The implementation of housing development carried out by the developer is suspected of not meeting the administrative, technical and environmental requirements. By not carrying out the provisions to carry out efforts to stabilize slopes and apply appropriate drainage systems, to minimize loading on the slopes and allegedly not conducting geological studies of environmental planning or basic engineering geology as the basis for the implementation of development so that the impact on the environment in the form of the Cimanggung landslide occurs.Landslide is one of the natural disasters that often hit hilly areas in the wet tropics. Mass movement, generally caused by gravitational forces and sometimes vibrations or earthquakes also support the occurrence. Mass movement in the form of landslides occurs due to the shear debris along the landslide area which is the limit of the movement of the soil or rock mass. Soil motion is the process of moving a mass of rock/soil due to the force of gravity. Soil motion is often referred to as a landslide of the soil/rock mass and is generally defined as a movement of soil and/or rock from its place of origin due to the influence of gravity.
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ter Steege, Hans, Nigel C. A. Pitman, Timothy J. Killeen, William F. Laurance, Carlos A. Peres, Juan Ernesto Guevara, Rafael P. Salomão, et al. "Estimating the global conservation status of more than 15,000 Amazonian tree species." Science Advances 1, no. 10 (November 2015): e1500936. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1500936.
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Estimates of extinction risk for Amazonian plant and animal species are rare and not often incorporated into land-use policy and conservation planning. We overlay spatial distribution models with historical and projected deforestation to show that at least 36% and up to 57% of all Amazonian tree species are likely to qualify as globally threatened under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List criteria. If confirmed, these results would increase the number of threatened plant species on Earth by 22%. We show that the trends observed in Amazonia apply to trees throughout the tropics, and we predict that most of the world’s >40,000 tropical tree species now qualify as globally threatened. A gap analysis suggests that existing Amazonian protected areas and indigenous territories will protect viable populations of most threatened species if these areas suffer no further degradation, highlighting the key roles that protected areas, indigenous peoples, and improved governance can play in preventing large-scale extinctions in the tropics in this century.
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Figueroa, Daniela, Patricia Ortega-Fernández, Thalita F. Abbruzzini, Anaitzi Rivero-Villlar, Francisco Galindo, Bruno Chavez-Vergara, Jorge D. Etchevers, and Julio Campo. "Effects of Land Use Change from Natural Forest to Livestock on Soil C, N and P Dynamics along a Rainfall Gradient in Mexico." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208656.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effects of converting native forests to livestock systems on soil C, N and P contents across various climatic zones are not well understood for the tropical region. The goal of this study was to test how soil C, N and P dynamics are affected by the land-use change from natural forests to livestock production systems (extensive pasture and intensive silvopastoral systems) across a rainfall gradient of 1611–711 mm per year in the Mexican tropics. A total of 15 soil-based biogeochemical metrics were measured in samples collected during the dry and rainy seasons in livestock systems and mature forests for land-use and intersite comparisons of the nutrient status. Our results show that land-use change from natural forests to livestock production systems had a negative effect on soil C, N and P contents. In general, soil basal respiration and C-acquiring enzyme activities increased under livestock production systems. Additionally, reduction in mean annual rainfall affected moisture-sensitive biogeochemical processes affecting the C, N and P dynamics. Our findings imply that land-use changes alter soil C, N and P dynamics and contents, with potential negative consequences for the sustainability of livestock production systems in the tropical regions of Mexico investigated.
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Hall, Charles A. S. "Integrating Concepts and Models from Development Econoimcs with Land use Change in the Tropics." Environment, Development and Sustainability 8, no. 1 (February 2006): 19–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-005-0786-2.
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Keig, Gael, Robin L. Hide, Susan M. Cuddy, Heinz Buettikofer, Jennifer A. Bellamy, Pieter Bleeker, David Freyne, and John McAlpine. "CSIRO and land research in Papua New Guinea 1950–2000: part 1: pre-Independence." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 2 (2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the period 1953–69, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) conducted fourteen integrated land resource surveys in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea with the aim of identifying areas suitable for accelerated development. The resulting reconnaissance-level regional survey reports and maps provided extensive baseline information for national development planning. Related disciplinary publications expanded scientific knowledge of land resources and resource use in the wet tropics more generally. Substantial botanical collections carried out during the surveys contributed to building the Papua New Guinea (PNG) national collection at the Lae Herbarium and to the establishment of what is now the Australian National Herbarium.
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J. L., Moreira,, and Amorim, M. C. C. T. "Spatial variability and frequency of surface heat island in a small Brazilian city with continental tropical climate." European Journal of Climate Change 2, no. 2 (August 3, 2020): 01–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.34154/2020-ejcc-0202-01-10/euraass.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land surface temperature (LST) is one variable in the earth-atmosphere interactive system. Temperatures are naturally high in tropical environments under continental influence. In Brazil, the problem of high temperature is intensified by the urbanization process, which is characterized by vegetation removal, concentration of buildings, and the use of building materials unfavorable to the climate in the tropics. Therefore, in this article, we analyze the spatial variability and the frequency of the surface temperature during the dry and rainy seasons in Penápolis, a small population city in the countryside of São Paulo State. The analysis was performed by establishing the relationship between the normalized vegetation index (NDVI) and the surface temperature in order to contribute to urban planning. The adopted procedure used 10 images from satellite Landsat 8, Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Thermal Infrared Sensor (TIRS)for the year 2018. The results showed that the surface urban heat island has significant seasonal variations that are directly associated with the rainfall regime of the region. The intensity was not elevated during the year, and the highest magnitudes occurred in the summer, which is a hot and rainy season. In the winter, being the dry season, the magnitudes were lower. The frequency of heat island intensity taken from 10 points of the images is related to construction density, building materials, and thevegetation cover index. These results are important to understanding the generation of heat in the city and proposing planning measures for the use and coverage of urban land.
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Bohrer, Claudio Belmonte de Athayde. "Vegetação, Paisagem e o Planejamento do Uso da Terra." GEOgraphia 2, no. 4 (September 16, 2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2000.24.a13389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resumo O levantamento e mapeamento da vegetação vem tendo uma importância crescente no plane-jamento do uso da terra em regiões florestais tropicais. Os mapas de vegetação podem ser utilizados indi-vidualmente ou de forma integrada com outros mapas temáticos, para a caracterização e análise da paisa-gem, a qual serve de orientação no processo de planejamento do uso da terra. O uso de mapas ecológicos ou da paisagem contendo informações combinadas de diferentes atributos da paisagem, é um avanço sig-nificativo na avaliação das terras. O enfoque holístico possibilita uma melhor compreensão das inter-rela-ções entre a vegetação e os outros atributos, melhorando significativamente as análises e avaliações resul-tantes . O enfoque paisagístico pode auxiliar ainda no próprio levantamento da vegetação, como o mapea-mento dos diversos tipos de comunidades ou formações florestais de acordo com as características domi-nantes da ambiente físico, como o relevo. Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados como banco de dados ambientais, onde dados relevantes podem ser armazenados, manipu-lados, atualizados e combinados em diversas análises e avaliações de diferentes cenários de evolução dinâ-mica natural e antrópica da paisagem florestal tropical. Palavras-Chave: Planejamento do Uso da Terra, Floresta Tropical, Análise da Paisagem, SIG.Abstract The vegetation survey and mapping has an increasingly important role in the land use planning in tropical forest regions. Vegetation maps can be used individually or integrated with other the-matic maps for the characterisation and analysis of the landscape, which will direct the land use planning process. The use of landscape ecological maps, which combine information from different land attributes is a significant advance on land evaluation and appraisal. The holistic approach allows a better understan-ding of the relationships between vegetation and other land attributes, which can improve considerably the results of the analyses and evaluation. The landscape approach can also improve the vegetation or forest survey, helping to map the different forest types according to the dominant aspects of the physical environment, such as relief. Geographical information systems (GIS) are increasingly used as a spatial environmental data base, where relevant data can be stored, handled, updated and combined in the analy-sis and evaluation of alternative scenarios of the natural and anthropogenic tropical forest landscape dynamics. Keywords: Land Use Planning, Tropical Forest, Landscape Analysis, GIS.The vegetation survey and mapping has an increasingly important role in the land use planning in tropical forest regions. Vegetation maps can be used individually or integrated with other the-matic maps for the characterisation and analysis of the landscape, which will direct the land use planning process. The use of landscape ecological maps, which combine information from different land attributes is a significant advance on land evaluation and appraisal. The holistic approach allows a better understan-ding of the relationships between vegetation and other land attributes, which can improve considerably the results of the analyses and evaluation. The landscape approach can also improve the vegetation or forest survey, helping to map the different forest types according to the dominant aspects of the physical environment, such as relief. Geographical information systems (GIS) are increasingly used as a spatial environmental data base, where relevant data can be stored, handled, updated and combined in the analy-sis and evaluation of alternative scenarios of the natural and anthropogenic tropical forest landscape dynamics. Keywords: Land Use Planning, Tropical Forest, Landscape Analysis, GIS.
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Bohrer, Claudio Belmonte de Athayde. "Vegetação, Paisagem e o Planejamento do Uso da Terra." GEOgraphia 2, no. 4 (September 16, 2009): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.22409/geographia2000.v2i4.a13389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Resumo O levantamento e mapeamento da vegetação vem tendo uma importância crescente no plane-jamento do uso da terra em regiões florestais tropicais. Os mapas de vegetação podem ser utilizados indi-vidualmente ou de forma integrada com outros mapas temáticos, para a caracterização e análise da paisa-gem, a qual serve de orientação no processo de planejamento do uso da terra. O uso de mapas ecológicos ou da paisagem contendo informações combinadas de diferentes atributos da paisagem, é um avanço sig-nificativo na avaliação das terras. O enfoque holístico possibilita uma melhor compreensão das inter-rela-ções entre a vegetação e os outros atributos, melhorando significativamente as análises e avaliações resul-tantes . O enfoque paisagístico pode auxiliar ainda no próprio levantamento da vegetação, como o mapea-mento dos diversos tipos de comunidades ou formações florestais de acordo com as características domi-nantes da ambiente físico, como o relevo. Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIG) vêm sendo cada vez mais utilizados como banco de dados ambientais, onde dados relevantes podem ser armazenados, manipu-lados, atualizados e combinados em diversas análises e avaliações de diferentes cenários de evolução dinâ-mica natural e antrópica da paisagem florestal tropical. Palavras-Chave: Planejamento do Uso da Terra, Floresta Tropical, Análise da Paisagem, SIG.Abstract The vegetation survey and mapping has an increasingly important role in the land use planning in tropical forest regions. Vegetation maps can be used individually or integrated with other the-matic maps for the characterisation and analysis of the landscape, which will direct the land use planning process. The use of landscape ecological maps, which combine information from different land attributes is a significant advance on land evaluation and appraisal. The holistic approach allows a better understan-ding of the relationships between vegetation and other land attributes, which can improve considerably the results of the analyses and evaluation. The landscape approach can also improve the vegetation or forest survey, helping to map the different forest types according to the dominant aspects of the physical environment, such as relief. Geographical information systems (GIS) are increasingly used as a spatial environmental data base, where relevant data can be stored, handled, updated and combined in the analy-sis and evaluation of alternative scenarios of the natural and anthropogenic tropical forest landscape dynamics. Keywords: Land Use Planning, Tropical Forest, Landscape Analysis, GIS.The vegetation survey and mapping has an increasingly important role in the land use planning in tropical forest regions. Vegetation maps can be used individually or integrated with other the-matic maps for the characterisation and analysis of the landscape, which will direct the land use planning process. The use of landscape ecological maps, which combine information from different land attributes is a significant advance on land evaluation and appraisal. The holistic approach allows a better understan-ding of the relationships between vegetation and other land attributes, which can improve considerably the results of the analyses and evaluation. The landscape approach can also improve the vegetation or forest survey, helping to map the different forest types according to the dominant aspects of the physical environment, such as relief. Geographical information systems (GIS) are increasingly used as a spatial environmental data base, where relevant data can be stored, handled, updated and combined in the analy-sis and evaluation of alternative scenarios of the natural and anthropogenic tropical forest landscape dynamics. Keywords: Land Use Planning, Tropical Forest, Landscape Analysis, GIS.
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Hall, Charles A. S. "Erratum to: Integrating concepts and models from development economics with land use change in the tropics." Environment, Development and Sustainability 12, no. 3 (March 19, 2010): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10668-010-9240-1.
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Suryoputro, Nugroho, Widandi Soetopo, Ery S. Suhartanto, and Lily M. Limantara. "Evaluation of infiltration models for mineral soils with different land uses in the tropics." Journal of Water and Land Development 37, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2018-0034.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe aims of this study were to evaluate five infiltration models for mineral soils in the tropics with different land use types, such as settlements, plantations, rice fields, and forests. The infiltration models evaluated were Green–Ampt, Kostiakov, Kostiakov–Lewis, Philip, and Horton. The research was conducted at the Amprong watershed, Malang, Indonesia. The infiltration rate of the thirteen soil samples was analysed. The infiltration was tested using Turf-Tech infiltrometer. Moreover, each soil sample was tested in terms of the bulk density, specific gravity, porosity, soil moisture, and soil texture. The results of the study indicate that there is no significant difference (α = 5%) in the infiltration rate among the five models of infiltration. The infiltration rate in the study site was considered fast. Three models exhibiting the best performance are Kostiakov, Kostiakov–Lewis, and Horton model, respectively. The highest infiltration rate occurred in the forest land use while the lowest occurred in the rice field land use. The results of this study suggest that the infiltration model parameters correlate closely with the initial infiltration rate (fo) and the final infiltration rate (fc). In other words there is a correlation between the soil's ability to absorb water (representing the capillary force or horizontal flow) at the beginning of the infiltration (fo) and the gravity or the vertical flow upon reaching the final infiltration rate (fc).
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Calzada, Leonardo, Jorge A. Meave, Consuelo Bonfil, and Fernanda Figueroa. "Lands at risk: Land use/land cover change in two contrasting tropical dry regions of Mexico." Applied Geography 99 (October 2018): 22–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2018.07.021.
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Prokop, Paweł, Łukasz Wiejaczka, Hiambok Jones Syiemlieh, and Rafał Kozłowski. "Response of Water Chemistry to Long-Term Human Activities in the Nested Catchments System of Subtropical Northeast India." Water 11, no. 5 (May 10, 2019): 988. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050988.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subtropics within the monsoonal range are distinguished by intensive human activity, which affects stream water chemistry. This paper aims to determine spatio-temporal variations and flowpaths of stream water chemical elements in a long-term anthropogenically-modified landscape, as well as to verify whether the water chemistry of a subtropical elevated shield has distinct features compared to other headwater areas in the tropics. It was hypothesized that small catchments with homogenous environmental conditions could assist in investigating the changes in ions and trace metals in various populations and land uses. Numerous physico-chemical parameters were measured, including temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), major ions, and trace metals. Chemical element concentrations were found to be low, with a total dissolved load (TDS) below 52 mg L−1. Statistical tests indicated an increase with significant differences in the chemical element concentration between sites and seasons along with increases of anthropogenic impact. Human influence was clearly visible in the case of cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, Na+) and anions (Cl−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO42−), compared to trace metals. The order of most abundant metals Fe > Zn > Al > Sr was the same in springs and streams, regardless of population density, land use, and season. Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that major ion concentrations in stream water followed the pattern forest < cultivated land < grassland < built-up area. Surface water chemistry of the subtropical elevated shield has mixed features of tropical and temperate zones. Low concentrations of chemical elements; small seasonal differences in headwater streams; and increased concentrations of NO3−, SO42−, DOC, and Zn in the wet monsoon season are similar to those observed in the tropics. The role of long-term cultivation without chemical fertilizers in ions supply to streams is less than in other headwater areas of the tropical zone. Strong control of water chemistry in densely populated built-up areas is analogous to both tropical and temperate regions. Population density or a built-up area may be used as a proxy for the reconstruction or prediction of the anthropogenic impact on stream water chemistry in similar subtropical elevated shields.
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Wahab, M. A., S. M. Md-Zin, and M. Yaban@Julius. "What would be better for urban mapping in the Klang Valley? SPOT or Sentinel-1." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1064, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1064/1/012021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Klang Valley is undergoing rapid urbanization. Many cities in Klang Valley are developing to cope with the trend for migration to more urbanized areas. At the current pace and magnitude of urbanization, land expansion is one of the most visible, irreversible forms of land use and land cover change. Thus, Remote Sensing is regarded as an essential tool in these contexts that are important for urban studies and planning. In the past, many studies have relied on optical Remote Sensing rather than synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data. Some have argued that SAR is a poor choice because of its speckle noise and requires complex pre-processing, but countries in the tropics, where clouds are a big problem, cannot always rely on optical. The present work utilizes the interferometric coherence method with the C-band datasets acquired from the Sentinel-1 and compares it with the vegetation index method on the SPOT datasets for 2016 and 2021. Once adequately processed and classified, the SAR images resulted in significant textures on urban areas with respect to the map generated from vegetation index of SPOT images. Hence, these findings may prove beneficial in developing an effective urban planning strategy and policy formulation for the Klang Valley.
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SEEMA, SEEMA, A. K. GHOSH, and SUNITA YADAV. "Characterization and fertility assessment of soils of Chandauli district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh for sustainable land use planning." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 90, no. 8 (October 14, 2020): 1521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v90i8.105954.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Seven typical pedons representing major landforms in semi-arid and sub-tropical ecosystem of Chandauli district of Uttar Pradesh, viz. plains, mid lands and uplands developed from alluvium parent material under varying land uses were studied for their morphological characteristics, physical and chemical properties and soil classification. The colour of the soils ranged from light brown grey to brownish yellow red with a dominant hue of 10YR. These soils were acidic to moderately alkaline (pH 4.8 to 8.4) in reaction, non-saline, moderately deep to very deep and had isohyperthermic temperature and udic soil moisture regime. Texture and total organic carbon (TOC) ranged from silty loam to silty clay loam and 0.1 to 29.7 kg/ha respectively. Soils were medium in phosphorus (6.8 to 24.2 kg/ha) and available potassium (159 to 376 kg/ha ). All the pedons had ochric epipedon and underlain by cambic horizon (P1 to P4) within the control section and as such they come under order Inceptisols, whereas profile 5 to profile 7 have argillic horizon so they come under order Alfisols. All soils of the study area fall in agricultural land under land capability classes III and IV having limitations of slope and erosion. On the basis of major soil constraints and potentials, suitable land use plan has been suggested.
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Kehl, John, Brett Waring, Robyn Smith, and David Nalder. "Multiple Use Management Planning in Queensland, Australia: the Koombooloomba Ecotourism Project (a case study)." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 152, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2001.0123.
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Queensland, Australia's second largest state, has 4 million hectares of publicly owned state forest, managed for multiple use. The government and the community expect state forest management to protect biodiversity, landscapes, cultural heritage values and water quality. State forests are also available for a wide range of commercial and non-commercial uses including timber harvesting, honey production, eco-tourism,grazing, mining, quarrying, education, scientific research, military training and recreation. A proportion of this estate is located throughout Queensland's coastal zone, in close proximity to the major population centres. In the coastal mountains in particular, the juxtaposition of high conservation values, commercial timber, recreation and eco-tourism demands precipitates conflict over forest use and presents a challenge for multiple use planning systems. Beginning in 1986, state forest planning utilised a system called Management Priority Area Zoning (MPAZ). This was a manual system which partitioned forestry land into primary priority use zones with a variety of secondary uses permitted. Decisions were made by professional foresters without public input. Although many of the concepts in MPAZ are still valid,such an autocratic approach is no longer acceptable. In 1998, development began on a new forest planning system known as MUMPS (Multiple Use Management Planning System). It is broadly based on MPAZ, but incorporates GIS and decision-support technology coupled with the capacity for structured community participation. MUMPS is designed to operate on a scale of 50 000 to 100 000 ha, with the planning area subdivided into 100 to 150 planning units. At its analytical core, MUMPS is a phased process for forming a steering committee: collation of site-specific data, assessment and evaluation of a number of forest uses, procedures for gauging and incorporating community and stakeholder values and a process for examining management and compatibility as well as the preparation of a draft and final plan. To ensure its effectiveness, MUMPS is being developed in an iterative manner with field trials based on MUMPS modules and concepts, while the whole system is being integrated and refined. The Koombooloomba Ecotourism Project is one of these MUMPS trials. The site of the trial is a tropical, mountainous region in northern Queensland, partly in the Wet Tropics World Heritage Area. It includes an hydro-electric dam within publicly owned native forest and encompasses a number of key values including the world heritage rainforest, conservation,hydro-power generation, indigenous culture, timber,eco-tourism and recreation. In this case, MUMPS took over a stalled, unstructured planning process. The MUMPS process reinvigorated the earlier planning project, broadened the assessed values and resulted in a management plan. The case study demonstrates how forest managers, the community (including traditional Aboriginal land-owners),commercial tourism, recreationists and the hydro-electricity industry can cooperate in the sustainable management of a listed World Heritage mountain forest area. Issues associated with the methodology, community involvement and management implications are discussed and analysed.
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Sentian, J., C. Payus M, F. Herman, and S. K. S. Kai. "Soil erosion risk under climate change scenarios: A case study in rural area with varying land uses." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1103, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1103/1/012037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil erosion is one of the major issues in the tropics. The erosion is highly affected by the changes in climate and land cover. Future changes in tropical climate, particularly precipitation are expected to influence the potential risks of soil erosion. In the face of rapid changes in rural land cover for agricultural purposes, the combined forcings of land cover and climate changes have been to be a major threat to the soil conservation due to soil erosion. In this study, climate change scenarios at the northern part of Borneo were developed based on the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios using Weather Research Forecast Model (WRF). The future climate projection scenarios of the total precipitation were used to simulate the potential erosion risks in varying land covers in a rural area of Sabah, Malaysia. The RUSLE model was used for soil erosion modelling, which was integrated with IDRISI Selva that allow the analysis and assessment of erosion risk. The variability of future total precipitations in the area of varying land cover types have resulted in varying degree of potential soil erosion risk The average soil loss at the studied area has increased by 262 t/ha/yr with 35.94 % increment in annual precipitation under RCP 8.5 emission scenario. However, under RCP 4.5, 26.65 % decrement in precipitation has reduced the soil loss by 315.1 t/ha/yr. In this rural area, exceptionally high soil erosion was found at steep slopes and thin vegetation covers. Therefore, an appropriate land use planning, soil conservation practices, and strategic adaptation options plan should be created and developed to ensure the sustainability of the soil conservation and enhance rural agricultural productivity.
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Figueroa, Fernanda, Leonardo Calzada, and Jorge A. Meave. "Integrating pattern-based modelling and political ecology in land-use change research: the case of Mexican dry tropics." Journal of Land Use Science 15, no. 2-3 (October 28, 2019): 252–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1747423x.2019.1681527.
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Dos Santos, Franciane Mendonça, and José Augusto Lollo. "LOW COST POTENTIAL INFILTRATION ESTIMATION FOR WET TROPICAL WATERSHEDS FOR TERRITORIAL PLANNING SUPPORT." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.233-241.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was developed at Caçula stream watershed of Ilha Solteira (Brazil) for potential infiltration estimation based on digital cartography. These methods aim at low-cost and quick analysis processes in order to support the territorial planning. The preliminary potential infiltration chart was produced using ArcHydro and pedological information of the study area. The curve-number method (Soil Conservation Service) was used to determine the potential infiltration combining information related to land-use and soil types in the watershed. We also used a methodology that assumes being possible to evaluate potential infiltration of a watershed combining average annual rainfall, land-use and watershed natural attributes (geomorphology, geology and pedology). Results show that ArcHydro is efficient for a preliminary characterization because it shows flow accumulation areas, allowing higher potential of degradation areas in terms of floods, mass movement and erosion. As land-use classes have significant weight in Soil Conservation Service method assessing potential infiltration, this method allow us to evaluate how land-use changes affect water dynamic in the watershed. The propose based on natural environment attributes enables to determine the homologous infiltration areas based on a higher number of natural characteristics of the area, and thereby obtain a result that is closer to the local conditions and, consequently for degradation surface processes identification.
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Dos Santos, Franciane Mendonça, and José Augusto Lollo. "LOW COST POTENTIAL INFILTRATION ESTIMATION FOR WET TROPICAL WATERSHEDS FOR TERRITORIAL PLANNING SUPPORT." Journal of Urban and Environmental Engineering 10, no. 2 (April 28, 2017): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4090/juee.2016.v10n2.233241.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was developed at Caçula stream watershed of Ilha Solteira (Brazil) for potential infiltration estimation based on digital cartography. These methods aim at low-cost and quick analysis processes in order to support the territorial planning. The preliminary potential infiltration chart was produced using ArcHydro and pedological information of the study area. The curve-number method (Soil Conservation Service) was used to determine the potential infiltration combining information related to land-use and soil types in the watershed. We also used a methodology that assumes being possible to evaluate potential infiltration of a watershed combining average annual rainfall, land-use and watershed natural attributes (geomorphology, geology and pedology). Results show that ArcHydro is efficient for a preliminary characterization because it shows flow accumulation areas, allowing higher potential of degradation areas in terms of floods, mass movement and erosion. As land-use classes have significant weight in Soil Conservation Service method assessing potential infiltration, this method allow us to evaluate how land-use changes affect water dynamic in the watershed. The propose based on natural environment attributes enables to determine the homologous infiltration areas based on a higher number of natural characteristics of the area, and thereby obtain a result that is closer to the local conditions and, consequently for degradation surface processes identification.
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Sirén, Anders H., and Eduardo S. Brondizio. "Detecting subtle land use change in tropical forests." Applied Geography 29, no. 2 (April 2009): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2008.08.006.
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Srivastava, Rajani, Monalisha Mohapatra, and Ashish Latare. "Impact of land use changes on soil quality and species diversity in the Vindhyan dry tropical region of India." Journal of Tropical Ecology 36, no. 2 (January 17, 2020): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467419000385.
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AbstractConversion of forest land into different land use types is the primary cause of degradation of land resources, which in turn alters nutrient and carbon cycles, land productivity and diversity of species. There is scarcity of information about land-use changes (LUC) and their effect on relationship of soil quality and species diversity at landscape level in the Vindhyan dry tropical region. We evaluated the impact of land-use changes on soil physicochemical quality and the influence of these qualities on species diversity and organic matter accumulation. We also established the relationship between soil quality indicators and species diversity parameters. To examine impact of LUC, we did a detailed field survey and analysed selected soil quality indicators by standard methods. We examined species diversity parameters and established the relationship between soil quality and species diversity. We found that there is a marked decline in soil porosity, water-holding capacity and soil moisture due to LUC. Conversion from forest land (FL) to savanna land (SL) resulted in soil organic carbon decreasing by ∼40–50%. The decrease was more pronounced in cultivated land (CL) and degraded land (DL) (65–70% and 83–85%, respectively). In the case of total N, maximum decrease in total N of 83–87% was noted in DL as compared with FL. The poor soil quality indicators in degraded and agricultural land can be explained by the interaction between the soil organic carbon and nitrogen loss with diversity loss. This study recommends that for management/restoration of land resources, planning strategies should consider the current landscape structure, with land-use planning.
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Khoi, Dao Nguyen, Pham Thi Loi, and Truong Thao Sam. "Impact of Future Land-Use/Cover Change on Streamflow and Sediment Load in the Be River Basin, Vietnam." Water 13, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091244.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Evaluation of the influence of land-use/cover (LUC) change on water and sediment fluxes from river basins is essential for proposing adaptation and mitigation strategies, but as of yet little information is available, especially in the tropics. For this motivation, the objective of this study was to assess the impact of scenarios of LUC change on streamflow and sediment load in the Be River Basin using the Dynamic Conversion of Land-Use and its Effects (Dyna-CLUE) model and the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The Dyna-CLUE and SWAT models were calibrated and validated against observed data in the period of 1980–2010. Three future LUC scenarios in 2030, 2050, and 2070 were generated utilizing the calibrated Dyna-CLUE model based on the historical conversion of forest land to agricultural land and urban area in the study region. Subsequently, the calibrated SWAT model was used to simulate the changes in streamflow and sediment load under these three future LUC scenarios. Results indicated that the annual streamflow and sediment load were estimated to be approximately 287.35 m3/s and 101.23 × 103 ton/month for the baseline period. Under the influence of future LUC scenarios, the annual streamflow and sediment load would experience increases of 0.19% to 0.45% and 0.22% to 0.68%, respectively. In addition, the 5th and 95th percentile values of streamflow and sediment load are predicted to rise in the context of future LUC change. The results achieved from the present study will support the managers and policy makers proposing appropriate solutions for sustainable water resources management and sediment control in the context of LUC change.
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., Widiatmaka. "Integrated use of GIS, AHP and remote sensing in land use planning for tropical high altitude vegetable crops." Journal of Applied Horticulture 18, no. 02 (August 15, 2016): 87–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37855/jah.2016.v18i02.19.
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Montalván-Burbano, Néstor, Andrés Velastegui-Montoya, Miguel Gurumendi-Noriega, Fernando Morante-Carballo, and Marcos Adami. "Worldwide Research on Land Use and Land Cover in the Amazon Region." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 6039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13116039.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land cover is an important descriptor of the earth’s terrestrial surface. It is also crucial to determine the biophysical processes in global environmental change. Land-use change showcases the management of the land while revealing what motivated the alteration of the land cover. The type of land use can represent local economic and social benefits, framed towards regional sustainable development. The Amazon stands out for being the largest tropical forest globally, with the most extraordinary biodiversity, and plays an essential role in climate regulation. The present work proposes to carry out a bibliometric analysis of 1590 articles indexed in the Scopus database. It uses both Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer software for the evaluation of author keywords, authors, and countries. The method encompasses (i) search criteria, (ii) search and document compilation, (iii) software selection and data extraction, and (iv) data analysis. The results classify the main research fields into nine main topics with increasing relevance: ‘Amazon’, ‘deforestation’, ‘remote sensing’, ‘land use and land cover change’, and ‘land use’. In conclusion, the cocitation authors’ network reveals the development of such areas and the interest they present due to their worldwide importance.
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Okubo, Satoru, Kazuhiko Takeuchi, Benjaporn Chakranon, and Apichart Jongskul. "Land characteristics and plant resources in relation to agricultural land-use planning in a humid tropical strand plain, southeastern Thailand." Landscape and Urban Planning 65, no. 3 (October 2003): 133–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-2046(03)00011-2.
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Oliveira, Eduardo, and Patrick Meyfroidt. "Strategic land-use planning instruments in tropical regions: state of the art and future research." Journal of Land Use Science 16, no. 5-6 (November 2, 2021): 479–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1747423x.2021.2015471.
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Bonshoms, Martí, Jose Ubeda, Giovanni Liguori, Philipp Körner, Álvaro Navarro, and Rolando Cruz. "Validation of ERA5-Land temperature and relative humidity on four Peruvian glaciers using on-glacier observations." Journal of Mountain Science 19, no. 7 (July 2022): 1849–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-022-7388-4.
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AbstractWeather and climate conditions drive the evolution of tropical glaciers which play an important role as water reservoirs for Peruvian inhabitants in the arid coast and semi-arid Andean region. The scarcity of long-term high-quality observations over Peruvian glaciers has motivated the extensive use of reanalysis data to describe the climatic evolution of these glaciers. However, the representativeness and uncertainties of these reanalysis products over these glaciers are still poorly constrained. This study evaluates the ability of the ERA5-Land reanalysis (ERA5L) to reproduce hourly and monthly 2 m air temperature and relative humidity (T2m and Rh2m, respectively) over several Peruvian glaciers. We compared the ERA5L with data from four on-glacier automatic weather stations (AWS), whose hourly time series were completed with nearby stations, for the period January 2017 to December 2019. Results indicates a better performance of the reanalysis for T2m (r >0.80) than for Rh2m (∼0.4< r <∼0.6) in all four glaciers. Concerning the observations, both parameters show a daily cycle influenced by the presence of the glacier. This influence is more prominent during the dry months when the so-called glacier damping and cooling effects are stronger. On a monthly time scale, the ERA5L validation for both parameters are better in wet outer tropical sites (RMSE between ±0.2°C for T2m and between 3%–7% for Rh2m) rather than in dry outer tropical sites (RMSE between ±0.2°C for T2m and between 3%–7% for Rh2m). Among all sites considered in the study, the Rh2m bias is the highest in the Cavalca glacier (correlation of 0.81; RMSE 13%, MAE 11% and bias 8.3%) and the lowest in Artesonraju glacier (correlation of 0.96; RMSE 3%; MAE 2.3% and bias — 0.8%). Based on certain considerations outlined in this paper, it is appropriate to use ERA5L to characterize T2m and Rh2m conditions on Peruvian glaciers, particularly in the wet outer tropics.
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Méllo Júnior, Arisvaldo Vieira, Lina Maria Osorio Olivos, Camila Billerbeck, Silvana Susko Marcellini, William Dantas Vichete, Daniel Manabe Pasetti, Ligia Monteiro da Silva, Gabriel Anísio dos Santos Soares, and João Rafael Bergamaschi Tercini. "Rainfall Runoff Balance Enhanced Model Applied to Tropical Hydrology." Water 14, no. 12 (June 18, 2022): 1958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14121958.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The integrative and comprehensive analysis considering the spatial and temporal representation of the hydrological process, such as the distribution of rainfall, land cover and land use, is a challenge for the water resources management. In tropical areas, energy availability throughout the year defines the rainfall distribution and evapotranspiration rate according to vegetation heterogeneity. To quantify water balance in tropical areas including these heterogeneities in the soil-vegetation-atmosphere relationship, we developed a fully distributed hydrological model called the Rainfall Runoff Balance Enhanced Model (RUBEM). The model was developed under a physics-based process structure, using remote sensing data to represent soil-water balance patterns, such as evapotranspiration, interception, baseflow, lateral flow, recharge, and runoff. The calibration procedure was based on nine global parameters. RUBEM could represent the spatio-temporal heterogeneities (soil, land use and land cover (LULC), topography, vegetation, and climate) in three basins in a tropical area. The results showed good adherence between the processes governing the soil-vegetation-atmosphere relationship according to the humidity indicator and the runoff coefficient. Overall, RUBEM can be used to help improve the management and planning of integrated water resources under climate, land use, and land cover changes in tropical regions.
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Dwi Utami Putra, Desak Made, and Putu Sugiartawan. "Sistem Informasi Geografis Tata Guna Lahan di Kabupaten Sleman." Jurnal Sistem Informasi dan Komputer Terapan Indonesia (JSIKTI) 1, no. 3 (March 31, 2019): 175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33173/jsikti.32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Geographical Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system that has the ability to store, manipulate, analyze and re-display natural conditions with the help of spatial data and non-passive data (attributes). GIS also supports decision making in planning and management, land use, natural resources, and others. Land use is very important as the development of land that has the potential for a type of plant to prevent damage to the plants and land used. Sleman Regency has a vast and fertile plantation area and has a wet tropical climate, which affects plant fertility. With the many things that affect the type of plant for a particular land, a system that can display spatial and nonspatial information is needed that relates to land use in Sleman Regency.
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Ebisemiju, Fola S. "Patterns of stream channel response to urbanization in the humid tropics and their implications for urban land use planning: a case study from southwestern Nigeria." Applied Geography 9, no. 4 (October 1989): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-6228(89)90028-3.
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Taveira, Luís Renato Silva, Michele Duarte de Menezes, Anita Fernanda dos Santos Teixeira, and Nilton Curi. "Mapping land use capability in tropical conditions adapting criteria to different levels of agricultural management." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 42, no. 6 (December 2018): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-70542018426026518.
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ABSTRACT Land use capability is one of the most widespread technical-interpretative classification systems, however, regional adaptations may be necessary because different attributes may affect it. For these adaptations, the Minas Gerais soil map was used as the starting point for this study. The criteria to define the land use capability were adapted to management levels with small (level A) and medium (level B) application of capital and modern technology (level C). The aim of the present study was to map land use capability for Minas Gerais state, Brazil, following the criteria adapted to different levels of management and measure the accuracy of the resulting maps. The system of land use capability is widely used by INCRA in evaluations of rural properties. Erosion criterion was replaced by erodibility. The information was handled in a geographic information system. For validation, soil profiles from regional pedological surveys were sampled, classified, and its land use capability was compared to the land use capability shown on the map according to the different management levels. In spite of the small scale of the soil map, the maps of land use capability exhibited adequate accuracy: 73% (management level A), 71% (B), and 50% (C). Therefore, it can be applied in initial phases of regional planning studies, in which the level of details required is reduced (for example, in ecological-economic zoning). More detailed analyses still depend on detailed field surveys, as advocated by the system of land use capability.
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Rizhinashvili, Alexandra. "Small and shallow previously unstudied lakes: land-use, overgrowth and eutrophication." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 28, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 120–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-09-2015-0170.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare trophic characteristics of the ecosystems of small and shallow lakes with a different character of land-cover in their catchments (as exemplified by several previously unstudied lakes of the Leningrad Region, North-Western Russia, that belong to a single lake-river system). Design/methodology/approach The key limnetic parameters of four lakes are analysed. Two of the lakes are located on the territory of allotment gardens, the other two are in the forest-covered areas. A preliminary assessment was made for the production-to-destruction ratio in the ecosystems of the lakes of the study region and their vulnerability factors. Findings For the lakes with a largely unexploited catchment, humus of terrigenous origin can act as a “hidden” source of nutrient load (primarily as phosphates). For the lakes with a catchment occupied by allotment gardens, an elevated trophic status and intensive overgrowth by vegetation (floating forms) is driven by an increased nitrogen load. Practical implications The results can be used for planning land and water management activities in North-Western Russia and in other world’s regions with similar environmental conditions. Originality/value These results can lay a foundation for creating a region-specific model to predict trends in eutrophication and overgrowth of small shallow lakes.
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Msigwa, Anna, Hans C. Komakech, Boud Verbeiren, Elga Salvadore, Tim Hessels, Imeshi Weerasinghe, and Ann van Griensven. "Accounting for Seasonal Land Use Dynamics to Improve Estimation of Agricultural Irrigation Water Withdrawals." Water 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2019): 2471. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11122471.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The assessment of water withdrawals for irrigation is essential for managing water resources in cultivated tropical catchments. These water withdrawals vary seasonally, driven by wet and dry seasons. A land use map is one of the required inputs of hydrological models used to estimate water withdrawals in a catchment. However, land use maps provide typically static information and do not represent the hydrological seasons and related cropping seasons and practices throughout the year. Therefore, this study assesses the value of seasonal land use maps in the quantification of water withdrawals for a tropical cultivated catchment. We developed land use maps for the main seasons (long rains, dry, and short rains) for the semi-arid Kikuletwa catchment, Tanzania. Three Landsat 8 images from 2016 were used to develop seasonal land use land cover (LULC) maps: March (long rains), August (dry season), and October (short rains). Quantitative and qualitative observation data on cropping systems (reference points and questionnaires/surveys) were collected and used for the supervised classification algorithm. Land use classifications were done using 20 land use and land cover classes for the wet season image and 19 classes for the dry and short rain season images. Water withdrawals for irrigated agriculture were calculated using (1) the static land use map or (2) the three seasonal land use maps. Clear differences in land use can be seen between the dry and the other seasons and between rain-fed and irrigated areas. A difference in water withdrawals was observed when seasonal and static land use maps were used. The highest differences were obtained for irrigated mixed crops, with an estimation of 572 million m3/year when seasonal dynamic maps were used and only 90 million m3/year when a static map was used. This study concludes that detailed seasonal land use maps are essential for quantifying annual irrigation water use of catchment areas with distinct dry and wet seasonal dynamics.
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Blaser, Jürgen, and Christian Küchli. "Globale Walderhaltung und -bewirtschaftung und ihre Finanzierung: eine Bestandesaufnahme | Global forest conservation and management and its financing: an appraisal." Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen 162, no. 4 (April 1, 2011): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3188/szf.2011.0107.
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Around one third of the earth's surface is under forest cover which is distributed more or less equally between industrialised and developing countries. Whereas forest areas in the temperate and boreal climate zones are more or less stable or on the increase, the scale of deforestation and forest degradation in the tropics remains dramatic. This situation is likely to continue in the decades to come because the world's ever-growing population needs new agricultural land and the pressure on resources (forest products, land, water, minerals) continues to increase as a result of globalisation and global change. Moreover, sustainable forest management has not yet become standard practice in many southern countries because forest management can rarely compete with other forms of land use in terms of economic returns. The protection and sustainable management of forest resources is basically the responsibility of each individual country and cannot be regulated and financed globally. However, enormous financial resources, i.e. on a scale of tens of billions of Swiss francs per year, are required for the introduction of comprehensive land-use planning in developing countries incorporating suitable protection of natural forests and sustainable forest management. New approaches for the valorisation of services provided by forests such as carbon sinks (e.g. REDD+) offer significant potential for improving forest protection and sustainable forest management. It augurs well that the economic internalisation of the forest and its services is in full swing at global level and that, based on the REDD+ resolutions passed at the last climate conference in Cancún, many countries have opted for the path of forest conservation and sustainable forest management.
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Batistella, Mateus, and Gustavo Souza Valladares. "Farming expansion and land degradation in Western Bahia, Brazil." Biota Neotropica 9, no. 3 (September 2009): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032009000300005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land degradation by soil erosion has called attention in tropical developing countries, particularly when natural vegetation is converted to farmland. Thus, the occupation of Brazilian savannas in Western Bahia is a matter of growing environmental concern. There are approximately 10 million hectares affected by this relatively recent land-use dynamics, but little is known about the temporal and spatial distribution of the process. To better understand such transformations, this paper addresses three related topics: land use/land cover (LULC) in 1985 and 2000; LULC dynamics between 1985 and 2000; and risk of land degradation by soil erosion as a function of farming expansion. The study area is located in Northeastern Brazil, between the coordinates 11º S and 46º 30' W and 14º S and 43º 30' W. All classes of natural vegetation cover decreased their areas during the period of study. Savanna (cerrado) lost 21.0% of its original area. Modern farming and irrigated areas increased 154.4 and 526.0%, respectively. Farming expansion reached 1,675,233 ha. Moderate risk of land degradation by soil erosion increased from 28.0 to 36.8% of the landscape mosaic between 1985 and 2000. The spatial and temporal dynamics observed reproduces development and land degradation examples of other savanna lands in Brazil. The integrity of native vegetation cover and the dissemination of soil and water conservation practices should be considered. This research contributes with an understanding of landscape transformations as a baseline for strategic environmental and land-use planning within the region.
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Mwanjalolo, Majaliwa, Barasa Bernard, Mukwaya Paul, Wanyama Joshua, Kutegeka Sophie, Nakyeyune Cotilda, Nakileza Bob, Diisi John, Ssenyonjo Edward, and Nakangu Barbara. "Assessing the Extent of Historical, Current, and Future Land Use Systems in Uganda." Land 7, no. 4 (November 8, 2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7040132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable land use systems planning and management requires a wider understanding of the spatial extent and detailed human-ecosystem interactions astride any landscape. This study assessed the extent of historical, current, and future land use systems in Uganda. The specific objectives were to (i) characterize and assess the extent of historical and current land use systems, and (ii) project future lan use systems. The land use systems were defined and classified using spatially explicit land use/cover layers for the years 1990 and 2015, while the future prediction (for the year 2040) was determined using land use systems datasets for both years through a Markov chain model. This study reveals a total of 29 classes of land use systems that can be broadly categorized as follows: three of the land use systems are agricultural, five are under bushland, four under forest, five under grasslands, two under impediments, three under wetlands, five under woodland, one under open water and urban settlement respectively. The highest gains in the land amongst the land use systems were experienced in subsistence agricultural land and grasslands protected, while the highest losses were seen in grasslands unprotected and woodland/forest with low livestock densities. By 2040, subsistence agricultural land is likely to increase by about 1% while tropical high forest with livestock activities is expected to decrease by 0.2%, and woodland/forest unprotected by 0.07%. High demand for agricultural and settlement land are mainly responsible for land use systems patchiness. This study envisages more land degradation and disasters such as landslides, floods, droughts, and so forth to occur in the country, causing more deaths and loss of property, if the rate at which land use systems are expanding is not closely monitored and regulated in the near future.
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Ashton, Mark S. "Regeneration methods for dipterocarp forests of wet tropical Asia." Forestry Chronicle 79, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 263–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc79263-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dipterocarp forests of the Asian wet tropics have a long history of silvicultural research. This paper provides a review of this history and a summary of the ecological principles guiding the regeneration methods used. Dipterocarp forests are here defined as those of the seasonally wet regions of Thailand, Burma, and India, and those that are considered of the mixed dipterocarp forest type that dominate the aseasonal wet regions of Sri Lanka, Malaysia, and parts of Indonesia and the Philippines. Two silvicultural regeneration methods are described, shelterwoods and their variants, and selection systems. Both systems can be justified but emphasis is given to the development of shelterwood and selection regeneration methods that are tailored to the particular biological and social context at hand. The paper concludes with a call for improved land-use planning and stand typing to better integrate service and protection values with those values focused on commodity production. Key words: Dipterocarpus, hill forest, non-timber forest products, polycyclic, regeneration, selection, shelterwood, Shorea
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Rousset, Guillaume, Marc Despinoy, Konrad Schindler, and Morgan Mangeas. "Assessment of Deep Learning Techniques for Land Use Land Cover Classification in Southern New Caledonia." Remote Sensing 13, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 2257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13122257.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land use (LU) and land cover (LC) are two complementary pieces of cartographic information used for urban planning and environmental monitoring. In the context of New Caledonia, a biodiversity hotspot, the availability of up-to-date LULC maps is essential to monitor the impact of extreme events such as cyclones and human activities on the environment. With the democratization of satellite data and the development of high-performance deep learning techniques, it is possible to create these data automatically. This work aims at determining the best current deep learning configuration (pixel-wise vs. semantic labelling architectures, data augmentation, image prepossessing, …), to perform LULC mapping in a complex, subtropical environment. For this purpose, a specific data set based on SPOT6 satellite data was created and made available for the scientific community as an LULC benchmark in a tropical, complex environment using five representative areas of New Caledonia labelled by a human operator: four used as training sets, and the fifth as a test set. Several architectures were trained and the resulting classification was compared with a state-of-the-art machine learning technique: XGboost. We also assessed the relevance of popular neo-channels derived from the raw observations in the context of deep learning. The deep learning approach showed comparable results to XGboost for LC detection and over-performed it on the LU detection task (61.45% vs. 51.56% of overall accuracy). Finally, adding LC classification output of the dedicated deep learning architecture to the raw channels input significantly improved the overall accuracy of the deep learning LU classification task (63.61% of overall accuracy). All the data used in this study are available on line for the remote sensing community and for assessing other LULC detection techniques.
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Caviglia-Harris, Jill, and Daniel Harris. "The Impact of Settlement Design on Tropical Deforestation Rates and Resulting Land Cover Patterns." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 40, no. 3 (December 2011): 451–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500002896.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Policymakers in the Brazilian Amazon face the challenge of meeting environmental and developmental goals as cities and towns within these tropical forests continue to face migration pressure. Alternative government planning strategies have been implemented to address forest clearing in conjunction with meeting social agendas. This paper uses panel estimation methods to investigate the impact of settlement design on land use. Results indicate that new settlement designs developed to further social interaction have had a negative impact on land cover and land use transformation. Thus, while new settlement designs appear to positively impact stated social goals, including greater contact between families and access to water and services, these social advances have come at the expense of environmental goals.
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Nusantara, Rossie Wiedya, Sudarmadji Sudarmadji, Tjut S. Djohan, and Eko Haryono. "Impact of Land-Use Change on Soil Carbon Dynamics in Tropical Peatland, West Kalimantan- Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Geography 52, no. 1 (April 28, 2020): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.48451.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conversion of tropical peat forest to other land uses can reduce organic carbon (C) and stable C isotope (δ13C) of peat soil. This research aimed at analyzing the soil organic-C and δ13C of peatland with respect to maturity (fibric, hemic and sapric) in five types of peatland use, which included primary peat forest, secondary peat forest, shrubs, oil palm plantations, and cornfield in West Kalimantan. Analysis of peat soil samples includes organic C with Loss in ignition method and δ13C using an isotope ratio mass spectrometry(IRMS) method. Organic-C at fibric was higher than hemic and sapric, respectively (57.2%, 57.0%, 56.4%), meanwhile, organic-C was the highest on primary peat forest, followed by on secondary peat forest, oil palm plantation, cornfield, and shrubs, respectively 57.1%, 57.0%, 56.4%, 56.0%. The cause of increasing and decreasing organic C and δ13C due to land-use change due to changes in vegetation, burning during tillage, and age of organic matter of peat soil. This condition causes the opening of natural peat ecosystems and changes in anaerobic to aerobic conditions.
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Mahbubul Islam, Md. "Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L., Malvaceae) Research and Development Advances in Bangladesh: A Review." Nutrition and Food Processing 2, no. 1 (September 17, 2019): 01–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Kenaf originated in India and Africa the plant is best grown in tropics and to some extent in sub-tropics. In Bangladesh, Kenaf is now a promising new fibre crop. Around 0.08-0.09million tons of kenaf produced in the country from 0.04 million hectares of land. The secondary data of kenaf used here were collected from different studies like national and international annual reports, thesis, books and journals during from January to July 2019. The plants are herbaceous annuals; growing to a height of even 5 m. There are some Kenaf varieties of bnagladesh, HC-2, HC-95, BJRI Kenaf-3(Bot Kenaf) and BJRI Kenaf -4 (KE-3). The commercial success of kenaf has important potential economic and environmental benefits in the areas of soil remediation, toxic waste cleanup, removal of oil spills on water, reduced chemical and energy use for paper production, greater recycled paper quality, reduced soil erosion due to wind and water, replacement or reduced use of fiberglass in industrial products, and the increased use of recycled plastics. In Bangladesh day by day demand of kenaf fibre is increasing. Kenaf uses in fibre, forage, paper pulp and also where kenaf is grown in home gardens, the more tender upper leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten either raw or cooked. Kenaf fruits have significant medicinal properties, very high in vitamin-C, antioxidants and phytochemicals. It’s seeds are a good source of fat slouble antioxidants. In future research to be continued for searching kenaf varieties tolerance to problem soil; tolerance to diseases and pests; having small seed size with long duration of seed viability and smoothness and indehiscence type of kenaf fruits.