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Nicodemus Osoro, Odhiambo, Paul Obade, and Gathuru Gathuru. "Anthropogenic Impacts on Land Use and Land Cover Change in Ombeyi wetland, Kisumu County, Kenya." International Journal of Regional Development 6, no. 1 (August 18, 2019): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijrd.v6i1.15292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land use and land cover change as a result of human-induced transitions is a major environmental challenge in Lake Victoria Basin. The study adopted a mixed-method consisting of remote sensing and GIS-based analysis, key informant interviews, and household survey consisting of 384 households to asses Land Use and Land Cover Dynamics and associated human-induced transformations in Ombeyi wetland. The study aimed at generating a characterized area estimate of Ombeyi wetlands land use and land cover change schema for the study period (1990-2017), and examining the spatial and temporal characteristics of anthropogenic impacts and their relationship with land use and land cover change in Ombeyi wetland. The gis-based analysis revealed that built-up area/settlements and agricultural lands extensively increased in area at the expense of wetland vegetation. Key informants attributed the changes to population increase (29.2%) and an associated demand for land and natural resources as the major driving forces for the changes. Analysis of household-survey results validated the observed patterns during the remotely sensed data analysis phase of the research, as 90.1% (n=384) of the respondents reported to own land within the wetland through inheritance. 92.2% of the respondents are farmers practicing farming in the wetland with 72.4% of the same respondents attaining primary level education and below. Poverty and education levels were significant factors in influencing unsustainable land use and land cover changes observed in this study. The present state of land cover and its dynamics have had negative impacts on the riparian rural livelihoods and natural resource management.
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Aouad, Andrew, Randall Taylor, Neil Millar, Robert Meagher, and Deidre Brooks. "Seismic on the edge—the Speculant 3D Transition Zone Seismic Survey." APPEA Journal 52, no. 1 (2012): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj11025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Speculant 3D Transition Zone (TZ) Seismic Survey was acquired by Origin Energy in the Otway Basin, about 30 km east of Warrnambool, Victoria, during November and December 2010. The objective of the survey was to fill a data gap between existing marine and land 3D seismic surveys. Although the survey covered a small surface area, it included part of the Bay of Islands Coastal Park, dairy farms, southern rock lobster fishing grounds and the migration route for the Southern Right Whale. Numerous exclusion zones were required to address a variety of stakeholder concerns, avoid environmentally sensitive areas, combat a physical landscape dominated by 60 m sea cliffs and the large Southern Ocean surf. These access restrictions required the innovative use of modern seismic technology to enable a survey that could simultaneously record onshore and offshore without a physical connection between recording systems. On land a GSR cable-free recording system was used for the first time in Australia, eliminating the need for any line preparation or vegetation clearing. Offshore an ocean bottom cable system was used. The survey employed smaller sources than traditionally used in the region. A 900 in3 generator–injector airgun array was used offshore while a single Vibroseis unit was used on land. This paper shares the lessons learnt during the planning, approval and acquisition of the Speculant Seismic Survey with the steps taken to reduce the operation’s footprint while maintaining data quality.
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McJannet, David, Aaron Hawdon, Brett Baker, Luigi Renzullo, and Ross Searle. "Multiscale soil moisture estimates using static and roving cosmic-ray soil moisture sensors." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 6049–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-6049-2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Soil moisture plays a critical role in land surface processes and as such there has been a recent increase in the number and resolution of satellite soil moisture observations and the development of land surface process models with ever increasing resolution. Despite these developments, validation and calibration of these products has been limited because of a lack of observations on corresponding scales. A recently developed mobile soil moisture monitoring platform, known as the rover, offers opportunities to overcome this scale issue. This paper describes methods, results and testing of soil moisture estimates produced using rover surveys on a range of scales that are commensurate with model and satellite retrievals. Our investigation involved static cosmic-ray neutron sensors and rover surveys across both broad (36 × 36 km at 9 km resolution) and intensive (10 × 10 km at 1 km resolution) scales in a cropping district in the Mallee region of Victoria, Australia. We describe approaches for converting rover survey neutron counts to soil moisture and discuss the factors controlling soil moisture variability. We use independent gravimetric and modelled soil moisture estimates collected across both space and time to validate rover soil moisture products. Measurements revealed that temporal patterns in soil moisture were preserved through time and regression modelling approaches were utilised to produce time series of property-scale soil moisture which may also have applications in calibration and validation studies or local farm management. Intensive-scale rover surveys produced reliable soil moisture estimates at 1 km resolution while broad-scale surveys produced soil moisture estimates at 9 km resolution. We conclude that the multiscale soil moisture products produced in this study are well suited to future analysis of satellite soil moisture retrievals and finer-scale soil moisture models.
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J., Otieno,, and Otieno, A. C. "Effects of Changes of Lake Victoria Water Levels on Land Use Patterns, Covid-19 Pandemic and Food Security in Winam Gulf, Homa-Bay County, Kenya." Land Science 2, no. 2 (December 25, 2020): p67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30560/ls.v2n2p67.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study was carried out on the Southern shore of Winam Gulf, Homa Bay County, Kenya. It was aimed at establishing the relationship among changes of Lake Victoria water levels, land use patterns and food security during the COVID-19 pandemic. Empirical studies involving ground point survey was used to determine the extent of spread of the back flow and vertical rise of the lake’s waters from five pier and nine beach survey points between July 2019 to October 2020. In-depth interviews and questionnaires were also used to collect data which were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Likert’s scale. The average variations of the extent of the back flow was approximately 294m while the vertical change in the water levels along the pier points was 1.03m. This led to submergence of the adjacent land use patterns and interfered with food security in the region. Coupled with the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic, majority (209) of the respondents substituted their meals and a quarter (79) of the them reduced their number of meals per day. A strong positive perception on the responses by the Government of Kenya and County Government Homa Bay towards addressing the pandemic with the Likert’s scale summative perception index of 381 very effective, 328 effective and 363 satisfactory were realized. The study recommends: observance and execution of environmental laws governing settlement on riparian lands, proactive compliance with the warnings and advice from the meteorological department, and adoption of alternative land use patterns.
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Damsma, K. M., M. T. Rose, and T. R. Cavagnaro. "Landscape scale survey of indicators of soil health in grazing systems." Soil Research 53, no. 2 (2015): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr14147.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In a broad-scale survey across pasture-based grazing systems in south-eastern Victoria, soil biological and chemical properties were measured in an effort to establish baseline levels for commonly used indicators of soil health. Although soil properties were highly variable among sites and biological properties were difficult to predict, total soil C was found to be closely associated with soil cation exchange capacity (CEC). Importantly, the strength and nature of relationships between soil properties differed among soil textural classes. We also measured a range of soil and vegetation properties in a small number of patches of remnant vegetation and their adjacent grazed pastures. This was done in an effort to assess the sensitivity of these measures when used on samples collected from strongly contrasting land-use types. Although some factors, such as mycorrhizal colonisation of roots and soil C, did differ between the two land-use types, other factors measured in this study did not. Together, the findings of this survey provide baseline information on the landscape scale for commonly used indicators of soil health. The study explores relationships between these soil properties and assesses how they differ between two strongly contrasting land-use types. The results are discussed in the context of monitoring soil and vegetation attributes relevant to soil health.
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Katusiime, Juliet, and Brigitta Schütt. "Towards Legislation Responsive to Integrated Watershed Management Approaches and Land Tenure." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 25, 2023): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land tenure affects integrated watershed management approaches in various ways, such as influencing land use and investment in sustainability practices and decisions. However, some land tenure and integrated watershed management relations need more examination, including how the prevailing relevant legislation responds and the needed course of action. In this paper, we provide relevant evidence to support a shift to responsive actions and legislation through (a) examining land tenure scenarios affecting integrated watershed management, including the public–private land tenure co-existence from a watershed perspective; (b) the responsiveness of the prevailing relevant legislation to integrated watershed management and the land tenure scenarios and (c) identifying legislative remedies recommendable for responsiveness. We use qualitative methods to review secondary data sources, including four legislations, and complement them with field survey data. Field experiences are from three sub-catchments in the Lake Victoria basin, each representing a different land tenure system, as case studies. Land tenure links with integrated watershed management in various ways, such as influencing land use decisions. However, underscoring the relationship from the private and public land tenure perspective also indicates a complex and tense spatial relationship. As such, it likely limits adopting sustainable land use and management practices in watersheds as a case. Regardless, the perceptions from the study area indicate the land tenure systems and forms enabling sustainable choices and decisions, despite limitations such as tenure insecurity. The disconnect between integrated watershed management aspirations of ensuring sustainability, the land tenure abilities and the subsequent human practices is mainly institutional, with the relevant legislation indicating a low to moderate level of responsiveness to integrated watershed management approaches and land tenure, thus, abating effectiveness. Therefore, we suggest a shift towards responsive programming and legislation and the adoption of model legislation to support responsiveness replication. We also recommend further studies to assess the legal gaps and feasibility thereof.
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Armstrong, D. P., J. E. Knee, P. T. Doyle, K. E. Pritchard, and O. A. Gyles. "Water-use efficiency on irrigated dairy farms in northern Victoria and southern New South Wales." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 40, no. 5 (2000): 643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea99132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A survey of 170 randomly selected, irrigated, dairy farms in northern Victoria and 9 in southern New South Wales was conducted to examine and benchmark the key factors influencing water-use efficiency. Water-use efficiency was defined as the amount of milk (kg milk fat plus protein) produced from pasture per megalitre of water (irrigation plus effective rainfall). Information on water-use, milk production, supplementary feeding, farm size and type, pasture management, and irrigation layout and management was collected for each farm by personal interview for the 1994–95 and 1995–96 seasons. The farms were ranked in the order of water-use efficiency with the average farm compared with the highest and lowest 10% of farms. The range in water-use efficiency was 25–115 kg milk fat plus protein/ML, with the highest 10% averaging 94 kg/ML and the lowest 10% averaging 35 kg/ML. The large range in water-use efficiency indicated potential for substantial improvement on many farms. The high water-use efficiency farms, when compared with the low group: (i) produced a similar amount of milk from less water (387 v. 572 ML) (P<0.05), less land (48 v. 83 ha) (P< 0.05) and a similar number of cows (152 v. 143 cows); (ii) had higher estimated pasture consumption per hectare (11.5 v. 5.5 t DM/ha) (P<0.01) and per megalitre (1.0 v. 0.5 t DM/ML) (P<0.01); (iii) had higher stocking rates (3.2 v. 1.8 cows/ha) (P<0.01); (iv) used higher rates of nitrogen fertiliser (59 v. 18 kg N/ha.year) (P<0.05) and tended to use more phosphorus fertiliser (64 v. 34 kg P/ha.year) (P<0.10); (v) used similar levels of supplementary feed (872 v. 729 kg concentrates/cow); (vi) had higher milk production per cow (396 v. 277 kg fat plus protein) (P<0.05); and (vii) directed a higher proportion of the estimated energy consumed by cows into milk production (53 v. 46%) (P<0.05). The survey data confirmed that irrigated dairy farm systems are complex and variable. For example, the amount of feed brought in from outside the milking area varied from 0 to 74% of the estimated total energy used by a milking herd. There was a large range in the level of supplement input amongst the farms in the high water-use efficiency group, and in the low water-use efficiency group. This indicates that the management of the farming system has a greater impact on the efficiency of water-use on irrigated dairy farms, than the type of system. The data from the survey provide information for individual farms, a measure of the water-use efficiency of the industry, and an indication of the quality of regional land and water resources.
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Johnson, Matthew, Paul Reich, and Ralph Mac Nally. "Bird assemblages of a fragmented agricultural landscape and the relative importance of vegetation structure and landscape pattern." Wildlife Research 34, no. 3 (2007): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr06103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many of the world’s agricultural areas have greatly reduced levels of natural vegetation. This results in highly fragmented mosaic landscapes with multiple land-use types. We examined the importance of vegetation and landscape pattern by comparing the bird assemblages of riparian zones, non-riparian forest patches, and pasture in a fragmented agricultural landscape in south-eastern Australia. Bird surveys were conducted every four weeks at 27 sites in the Goldfields region of central Victoria for one year. The landscape context (position and shape of patches) and vegetation attributes were measured for each site. We found that bird assemblages strongly differed among these landscape elements. Mean abundance was significantly greater at forested patches, and there was a three-fold reduction in species richness at pasture sites. Bird assemblage structure was influenced substantially more by vegetation than by the landscape context of sites. Our results indicate that riparian vegetation is a key element for avian diversity, even in massively altered landscapes. The restoration of riparian vegetation and its connectivity with adjacent forest types would greatly benefit bird assemblages in agricultural areas.
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Buchanan, GA. "The distribution of grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vitifolii (Fitch), in central and north-eastern Victoria." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, no. 4 (1987): 591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9870591.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All known vineyards in the North Central and Geelonq Vine Disease Districts of Victoria were systematically surveyed for grape phylloxera, Daktulosphaira vztlfoliz (Fitch) (Hemiptera, Phylloxeridae). Forty-one of the 28 1 vineyards surveyed were found to be infested. The infested vineyards were located near Nagambie, Ardmona, Glenrowan, Milawa and Rutherglen. There were significant relationships ( �2 , Plt; 0.001) between the infestation of vineyards and the age of the grapevines, the source of planting material, and the use of rootstocks. There was no apparent relationship between phylloxera infestation and soil type. Comparison with a previous survey reported in 1902 indicates a reduction in the number (from 69 to 41), but an increase in the area (from 275 to 653 ha) of infested vineyards. Differences in the distribution of phylloxera were small. There was evidence of spread of phylloxera within districts already infested, but only the Glenrowan- Milawa district contained infestations not previously recorded. Some previously infested areas were found to be free of phylloxera, owing to changing land use. The survey provided a basis for redefining quarantine areas according to the current distribution of grape phylloxera.
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Spinks, Jean, Suzanne Phillips, Priscilla Robinson, and Paul Van Buynder. "Bushfires and tank rainwater quality: A cause for concern?" Journal of Water and Health 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2006): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wh.2006.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In early 2003, after a prolonged drought period, extensive bushfires occurred in the east of Victoria affecting 1.5 million hectares of land. At the time, smoke and ash from bushfires, settling on roofs, contained pollutants that could potentially contaminate rainwater collected and stored in tanks for domestic use. The major concerns include polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from incomplete combustion of organic matter and arsenic from burnt copper chrome arsenate (CCA) treated wood. An increase in microbial contamination through altered nutrient levels was also hypothesised. A pilot study of 49 rainwater tank owners was undertaken in north-east Victoria. A rainwater tank sample was taken and analysed for a variety of parameters including organic compounds, microbiological indicators, metals, nutrients and physico-chemical parameters. A survey was administered concurrently. A number of results were outside the Australian Drinking Water Guideline (ADWG) values for metals and microbiological indicator organisms, but not for any tested organic compounds. PAHs and arsenic are unlikely to be elevated in rainwater tanks as a result of bushfires, but cadmium may be of concern.
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Aves, Charlotte, John Broster, Leslie Weston, Gurjeet S. Gill, and Christopher Preston. "Conyza bonariensis (flax-leaf fleabane) resistant to both glyphosate and ALS inhibiting herbicides innorth-eastern Victoria." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 9 (2020): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp19537.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. (syn. of Erigeron bonariensis L.) is a difficult-to-control summer weed species in the cropping belt of south-eastern Australia. Herbicide resistance may be affecting the ability to control C. bonariensis in the agricultural region of north-eastern Victoria; therefore, a survey was conducted to evaluate resistance to herbicides from several mode-of-action groups. Of the populations collected, 40% were resistant to glyphosate at 1080 g ha–1. Chlorsulfuron failed to control any of the populations collected. Further research identified multiple herbicide resistance to glyphosate, chlorsulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl and sulfometuron-methyl in five of nine populations fully characterised. Resistance was not found to 2,4-D, clopyralid or paraquat. There was no correlation between prevailing land use and the frequency of glyphosate-resistant populations, suggesting that resistance had been selected in multiple production systems. The high frequency of resistance could explain the difficulty experienced in controlling C. bonariensis across north-eastern Victoria and demonstrates the importance of integrated weed management to manage this weed.
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Radford, James Q., and Andrew F. Bennett. "Terrestrial avifauna of the Gippsland Plain and Strzelecki Ranges, Victoria, Australia: insights from Atlas data." Wildlife Research 32, no. 6 (2005): 531. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr04012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rate and spatial scale at which natural environments are being modified by human land-uses mean that a regional or national perspective is necessary to understand the status of the native biota. Here, we outline a landscape-based approach for using data from the ‘New Atlas of Australian Birds’ to examine the distribution and status of avifauna at a regional scale. We use data from two bioregions in south-east Australia – the Gippsland Plain and the Strzelecki Ranges (collectively termed the greater Gippsland Plains) – to demonstrate this approach. Records were compiled for 57 landscape units, each 10′ latitude by 10′ longitude (~270 km2) across the study region. A total of 165 terrestrial bird species was recorded from 1870 ‘area searches’, with a further 24 species added from incidental observations and other surveys. Of these, 108 species were considered ‘typical’ of the greater Gippsland Plain in that they currently or historically occur regularly in the study region. An index of species ‘occurrence’, combining reporting rate and breadth of distribution, was used to identify rare, common, widespread and restricted species. Ordination of the dataset highlighted assemblages of birds that had similar spatial distributions. A complementarity analysis identified a subset of 14 landscape units that together contained records from at least three different landscape units for each of the 108 ‘typical’ species. When compared with the 40 most common ‘typical’ species, the 40 least common species were more likely to be forest specialists, nest on the ground and, owing to the prevalence of raptors in the least common group, take prey on the wing. The future status of the terrestrial avifauna of the greater Gippsland Plains will depend on the extent to which effective restoration actions can be undertaken to ensure adequate representation of habitats for all species, especially for the large number of species of conservation concern.
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Lesslie, Robert G., Brendan G. Mackey, and Kathryn M. Preece. "A Computer-based Method of Wilderness Evaluation." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With ever-increasing demands being made on remote and natural lands, planners and managers require more detailed information than hitherto to assist them in monitoring the status of this wilderness resource and developing appropriate and effective management prescriptions. These requirements are addressed by a computer-based wilderness evaluation procedure that has been developed for a national wilderness survey of Australia.The methodology, based on the wilderness continuum concept (Lesslie & Taylor, 1985), places emphasis on measuring variation in wilderness quality by using four indicators that represent the two essential attributes of remoteness and naturalness. This permits a precise assessment to be made of the wilderness resource, revealing those factors which contribute to or compromise wilderness quality. The computer-based storage and analysis of data enables surveys to be conducted over large, even continental, areas, yet at a relatively fine level of resolution that is appropriate to localized planning needs.Trial application to the State of Victoria, Australia, demonstrates that the survey procedure can be successfully adapted to a wide range of environments, use-patterns, data-base characteristics, and management objectives, which should be applicable and very widely useful elsewhere.
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Williams, B., J. Walker, and J. Anderson. "Spatial variability of regolith leaching and salinity in relation to Whole Farm Planning." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 10 (2006): 1271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An electromagnetic induction (EM31) survey was carried out on a 700-ha property in the western basalt plains of Victoria. The apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) was interpreted in terms of the inferred salt content and, hence, the degree of leaching or recharge through the upper 5 m of the regolith. The focus of the survey was to determine the spatial variability of ECa across a landscape of low relief which included salt lakes. The area mapped is subject to regional groundwater discharge. All parts of the property exhibited hydrological ‘sinks’ and ‘trenches’ of relatively low ECa values, interpreted as areas of preferential recharge or leaching through the regolith. They ranged in size from 200 to 500 m in diameter and/or length and were not related to relief. This apparent hydrological ‘holeyness’ of the upper regolith suggests local recharge into the regional groundwater system. This finding has important implications for Whole Farm Planning and Environmental Management Strategies as local recharge can be reduced by manipulating ground cover and land-use practices. Both the mean and standard deviation of ECa values across the property provide a rational basis for planning land management practices. The location of hydrological ‘holes’ can be built in as significant layers in Whole Farm Plans to minimise water entering the water table and/or salt lakes.
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Morozov, Alexey N., Natalya V. Vaganova, Evgeniya V. Shakhova, Yana V. Konechnaya, Vladimir E. Asming, Galina N. Antonovskaya, and Zinaida A. Evtyugina. "Seismicity of the Arctic in the Early Twentieth Century: Relocation of the 1904–1920 Earthquakes." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 109, no. 5 (July 23, 2019): 2000–2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120190018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The parameters of earthquake hypocenters in the Arctic at the beginning of the twentieth century, published by researchers in the first half of the twentieth century, are still used today for building maps of epicenters of instrumental earthquakes. However, they are based on bulletins that did not use data from all seismic stations operating during that period, and on approximate ideas about the propagation of seismic waves in the Earth. We relocated earthquakes recorded within the Arctic region beginning from the early twentieth century with a view to creating a relocated catalog. For the relocation, we collected all available seismic bulletins from the global network using data acquired for the International Seismological Centre–Global Earthquake Model (ISC‐GEM) catalog, the EuroSeismos project, the Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian State Library. The relocation was performed using a modified method of generalized beamforming and the ak135 velocity model. The relocation procedure was applied to 18 of 25 earthquakes in the Arctic region. The new coordinates of some earthquakes turned out to be significantly different from those that were determined previously. As a result, this may have a significant impact on the final seismic hazard assessment of the territory of the Severnaya Zemlya and Franz Josef Land archipelagoes, which are characterized by weak seismicity. Most of the relocated earthquake epicenters are confined to major seismic zones in the Arctic, namely, mid‐ocean ridges, the Svalbard Archipelago, and the Laptev Sea shelf. One earthquake, that of 14 October 1914 with magnitude Mw(ISC‐GEM)=6.6, occurred in the shelf of the Barents Sea in the “continent–ocean” transition zone near the Franz Victoria graben.
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Teza, Giordano, Arianna Pesci, and Giuseppe Casula. "Strain rate computation in Northern Victoria Land (Antarctica) from episodic GPS surveys." Geophysical Journal International 189, no. 2 (March 8, 2012): 851–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.2012.05403.x.
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Guglielmin, M., and F. Dramis. "Permafrost as a climatic indicator in northern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 29 (1999): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821111.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractKnowledge of permafrost characteristics and distribution in Antarctica and their relationships with present and past climates is still poor. This paper reports investigations on permafrost in an area located between Nansen Ice Sheet to the south and Mount Melbourne (2732 m a.s.l.) to the north. Investigation methods included geomorphological surveys and geoelectrical soundings as well as crystallography, chemical and isotopic analyses of the ground ice. Geomorphological surveys helped to explain the relationships between periglacial landforms (e.g. rock glaciers and patterned ground) and the glacial history of the area. Geoelectrical soundings allowed us to define different ground-ice units in the ice-free areas. Each unit was characterised by a different type of permafrost (dry or ice-poor permafrost, marine or continental massive buried ice and sub-sea permafrost). To identify the nature of ground ice, trenches were dug and some shallow boreholes were drilled to a maximum depth of-3.6 m in massive buried ice. Samples of both ice-poor permafrost and massive ice were collected and analyzed. Chemical, isotopic δ18O and crystal analyses were also carried out. The relationships between climate and thermal regimes of the active layer and the upper part of permafrost were determined using a monitoring station for ground temperatures at Boulder Clay Glacier, near the Italian Antarctic station. During winter, there were several significant thermal-inversion events in the ground, which cannot be explained only by air-temperature changes, suggesting a possible influence of winter snowfall, even if these events are usually considered very rare.
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Buxton, M., N. Y. Osman-Schlegel, and D. Lopes. "Soil moisture change and land use in Victoria, Australia." Australasian Journal of Environmental Management 23, no. 3 (May 19, 2016): 265–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14486563.2016.1179226.
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Norton-Griffiths, M. "Aerial Point Sampling for Land Use Surveys." Journal of Biogeography 15, no. 1 (January 1988): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2845055.
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Katusiime, Juliet, Brigitta Schütt, and Noah Mutai. "The relationship of land tenure, land use and land cover changes in Lake Victoria basin." Land Use Policy 126 (March 2023): 106542. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2023.106542.
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Zanutta, Antonio, Monia Negusini, Luca Vittuari, Leonardo Martelli, Paola Cianfarra, Francesco Salvini, Francesco Mancini, et al. "Victoria Land, Antarctica: An Improved Geodynamic Interpretation Based on the Strain Rate Field of the Current Crustal Motion and Moho Depth Model." Remote Sensing 13, no. 1 (December 29, 2020): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13010087.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Antarctica, the severe climatic conditions and the thick ice sheet that covers the largest and most internal part of the continent make it particularly difficult to systematically carry out geophysical and geodetic observations on a continental scale. It prevents the comprehensive understanding of both the onshore and offshore geology as well as the relationship between the inner part of East Antarctica (EA) and the coastal sector of Victoria Land (VL). With the aim to reduce this gap, in this paper multiple geophysical dataset collected since the 1980s in Antarctica by Programma Nazionale di Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA) were integrated with geodetic observations. In particular, the analyzed data includes: (i) Geodetic time series from Trans Antarctic Mountains DEFormation (TAMDEF), and Victoria Land Network for DEFormation control (VLNDEF) GNSS stations installed in Victoria Land; (ii) the integration of on-shore (ground points data and airborne) gravity measurements in Victoria Land and marine gravity surveys performed in the Ross Sea and the narrow strip of Southern Ocean facing the coasts of northern Victoria Land. Gravity data modelling has improved the knowledge of the Moho depth of VL and surrounding the offshore areas. By the integration of geodetic and gravitational (or gravity) potential results it was possible to better constrain/identify four geodynamic blocks characterized by homogeneous geophysical signature: the Southern Ocean to the N, the Ross Sea to the E, the Wilkes Basin to the W, and VL in between. The last block is characterized by a small but significant clockwise rotation relative to East Antarctica. The presence of a N-S to NNW-SSE 1-km step in the Moho in correspondence of the Rennick Geodynamic Belt confirms the existence of this crustal scale discontinuity, possibly representing the tectonic boundary between East Antarctica and the northern part of VL block, as previously proposed by some geological studies.
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Prysiazhniuk, Oleksii. "The First English Ancient Monuments Protection Act." European Historical Studies, no. 16 (2020): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.16.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The advent of the first special antiquity law was preceded by a long stage of studying and organizing knowledge about historical and cultural monuments. The Ancient Monuments Protection Act of 18 August 1882 was the first of its kind by an Act of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. The Act lists the first 68 monuments or sites that have been protected by law. The text of Act consists of 11 paragraphs. The analysis of paragraphs 2, 3 and 11 gives us the opportunity to formulate the very concept of a «monument» contained therein, as well as to consider the types of ancient monuments that are distinguished by law. The Ancient Monuments are: houses, buildings and other structures located on the surface of the earth or underground, as well as caves and zones of archaeological sites and location of such houses, buildings and other structures, as well as caves and zones of archaeological sites. All the constituent elements and structures of the monument are considered to be its parts. The location of the monument includes not only the area of land on which it is located, but also the surrounding zones. Deliberate destruction or deterioration of protected monuments entails criminal liability in the form of imprisonment for up to one month and a fine. However, criminal and financial responsibility rests solely with outsiders. The owner of the monument is not punished for any action he may take on his property. Paragraphs of Act for the first time regulate the state registration of monuments. Such registration involves the identification of monuments, surveys and determining their value, inclusion in the list of protected, informing the owner or tenant of the monument about the inclusion of this object in the list etc. The Ancient Monuments Protection Act of 1882 was one of the most important results of a set of socio-political reforms in Victorian England. The brevity of the 1882 Act made it impossible to cover all the ancient monuments, which made it only partly a source of law. Currently, there is no single legislative act in the UK on the protection and use of historical and cultural monuments. After the act of 1882 by the middle of the 20th century were adopted and enforced several laws on various aspects of the protection of monuments. However, the main provisions governing this area of social relations were laid in the late nineteenth century.
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William, Alex. "Assessment of Urbanization Implications in Water Management around Lake Victoria: Case Study Mwanza." Journal of Water Resources, Engineering, Management and Policy 1, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56542/mow.jwempo.1.1.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study assesses urbanization implications in water management around Lake Victoria in Mwanza. The study was conducted in Nyamagana and Misungwi districts by the use of data collected from April 2020 to June 2021. A total of 200 respondents participated in this study. The findings showed that, urbanization which is associated with various socio-economic activities caused destruction and pollution of water sources and the general ecosystem around Lake Victoria ecosystem. It concluded that, there was a direct relationship between urbanizations, pollution and degradation of the physical environment around Lake Victoria. The study recommended that land use plan and management must be applied to mobilize, facilitate and motivate local community based groups for participatory waste and overall water and land resources management around Lake Victoria basin
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Musamba, Emmanuel B., Yonika M. Ngaga, Emmanuel K. Boon, and Richard A. Giliba. "Impact of Socio-economic Activities around Lake Victoria: Land Use and Land Use Changes in Musoma Municipality, Tanzania." Journal of Human Ecology 35, no. 3 (September 2011): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2011.11906400.
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BOON, S., and J. R. DODSON. "Environmental response to land use at Lake Curlip, East Gippsland, Victoria." Australian Geographical Studies 30, no. 2 (October 1992): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8470.1992.tb00742.x.
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Shojaei, D., H. Olfat, M. Briffa, and A. Rajabifard. "3D DIGITAL CADASTRE JOURNEY IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences IV-4/W5 (October 23, 2017): 117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-iv-4-w5-117-2017.
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Land development processes today have an increasing demand to access three-dimensional (3D) spatial information. Complex land development may need to have a 3D model and require some functions which are only possible using 3D data. Accordingly, the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping (ICSM), as a national body in Australia provides leadership, coordination and standards for surveying, mapping and national datasets has developed the Cadastre 2034 strategy in 2014. This strategy has a vision to develop a cadastral system that enables people to readily and confidently identify the location and extent of all rights, restrictions and responsibilities related to land and real property. <br><br> In 2014, the land authority in the state of Victoria, Australia, namely Land Use Victoria (LUV), has entered the challenging area of designing and implementing a 3D digital cadastre focused on providing more efficient and effective services to the land and property industry. LUV has been following the ICSM 2034 strategy which requires developing various policies, standards, infrastructures, and tools. Over the past three years, LUV has mainly focused on investigating the technical aspect of a 3D digital cadastre. This paper provides an overview of the 3D digital cadastre investigation progress in Victoria and discusses the challenges that the team faced during this journey. It also addresses the future path to develop an integrated 3D digital cadastre in Victoria.
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Onyango, Dancan Otieno, Christopher O. Ikporukpo, John O. Taiwo, and Stephen B. Opiyo. "Land Use and Land Cover Change as an Indicator of Watershed Urban Development in the Kenyan Lake Victoria Basin." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 2 (April 23, 2021): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160213.
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The socio-economic and ecological value of Lake Victoria is threatened by significant regional development and urbanization. This study analyzed spatial-temporal land use/land cover changes in the Kenyan Lake Victoria basin from 1978–2018 using Landsat 3, 4-5 and 8 imagery, with a view to identifying the extent and potential impacts of urbanization on the basin. Supervised image classification was undertaken following the Maximum Likelihood algorithm to generate land use/land cover maps at ten-year intervals. Results indicate that the basin is characterized by six main land use/land cover classes namely, agricultural land, water bodies, grasslands and vegetation, bare land, forests and built-up areas. Further, the results indicate that the basin has experienced net increases in built-up areas (+97.56%), forests (+17.30%) and agricultural land (+3.54%) over the last 40 years. During the same period, it experienced net losses in grassland and vegetation (-37.36%), bare land (-9.28%) and water bodies (-2.19%). Generally, the changing landscapes in the basin are characterized by conversion of natural environments to built-up environments and driven by human activities, urban populations and public policy decisions. The study therefore recommends the establishment of a land use system that creates a balance between the ecological realm and sustainable development.
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Chen, Xin, Le Yu, Zhenrong Du, Zhu Liu, Yuan Qi, Tao Liu, and Peng Gong. "Toward sustainable land use in China: A perspective on China’s national land surveys." Land Use Policy 123 (December 2022): 106428. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106428.
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Mansergh, Ian. "North central Victoria – climate change and land-use: potentials for third century in a timeless land." Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 122, no. 2 (2010): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rs10024.
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For the 21st century, scenarios of future climate under global warming suggest that Bassian-Eyrean bioclimatic region of northern Victoria, centred on the North Central Catchment Management Authority (NCCMA), will become markedly warmer and drier. Significant climate change is a real possibility midcentury and some basic bio-physical attributes underpinning the current ecology, land-use and management will be altered. Societal adaptation to climate change will include enhancing landscape resilience and changes to the mix of inter-related ecosystem services. The increasing understanding of these inter-relationships will allow for the creation of a more holistic quantification and production of landscape services. In combination, these challenge the past land-use paradigm on the driest, inhabited continent. Following the mid-19th century gold rushes, land-use in the NCCMA represented the epitome of the colonial land-use paradigm through clearing for agriculture and pastoralism. Victoria has long had the highest percentage private land of any Australian state. The NCCMA catchment is the most denuded of native vegetation, with the smallest percentage of public land and conservation reserves, and is now the centre of a continental concentration of bioregions under high environmental stress. The original primacy of agriculture was fulfilled, sometimes under adverse circumstances, but resultant landscape legacies persist within the relative economic decline of Australian agriculture. The amelioration of these within a future land stewardship that is water-stressed, carbon constrained and prone to extreme weather events is a major challenge. Exploring landscape adaptation, the simple questions arise: From what? To what? This contribution examines broad land-use in the NCCMA in the long term context of climate change and adaptation, land-use and the perceived valuation of ecosystem services from the landscape. The increasing realisation of the interconnectedness of these phenomena and the necessity for ecologically sustainable agriculture provide enhanced drivers for the evolution of new landscape meanings in the context of an inter-generational equity and climate change response.
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Liu, Yongwei, Guiping Wu, Xingwang Fan, Guojing Gan, Wen Wang, and Yuanbo Liu. "Hydrological impacts of land use/cover changes in the Lake Victoria basin." Ecological Indicators 145 (December 2022): 109580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.109580.
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Scida, Mark, and Rob Gration. "Monitoring the threatened brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa tapoatafa) at Sugarloaf Reservoir, Victoria." Australian Mammalogy 40, no. 2 (2018): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am16061.
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The brush-tailed phascogale (Phascogale tapoatafa tapoatafa) is a marsupial threatened in Victoria by habitat fragmentation and modification. As part of the development of infrastructure in phascogale habitat, Melbourne Water was required to improve habitat for the phascogale. We aimed to develop and test a method for monitoring phascogales on Melbourne Water land, and to assess the effectiveness of habitat improvements. Trapping, nest boxes, and cameras were all successful in detecting phascogales; however, cameras had the highest detection per unit effort. We suggest that future monitoring should favour camera surveys with trapping potentially every 3–5 years for acquisition of physical data.
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Abudu, Dan, Nigar Sultana Parvin, and Geoffrey Andogah. "Reviewing the Pertinence of Sentinel-1 SAR for Urban Land Use Land Cover Classification." International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 11, no. 5 (May 25, 2020): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2020.05.07.
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Conventional approaches for urban land use land cover classification and quantification of land use changes have often relied on the ground surveys and urban censuses of urban surface properties. Advent of Remote Sensing technology supporting metric to centimetric spatial resolutions with simultaneous wide coverage, significantly reduced huge operational costs previously encountered using ground surveys. Weather, sensor’s spatial resolution and the complex compositions of urban areas comprising concrete, metallic, water, bare- and vegetation-covers, limits Remote Sensing ability to accurately discriminate urban features. The launch of Sentinel-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar, which operates at metric resolution and microwave frequencies evades the weather limitations and has been reported to accurately quantify urban compositions. This paper assessed the feasibility of Sentinel-1 SAR data for urban land use land cover classification by reviewing research papers that utilised these data. The review found that since 2014, 11 studies have specifically utilised the datasets.
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De Oliveira D'Antona, Álvaro, Anthony D. Cak, and Leah K. VanWey. "Collecting Sketch Maps to Understand Property Land Use and Land Cover in Large Surveys." Field Methods 20, no. 1 (February 2008): 66–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1525822x07309354.
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Jeffers, J. N. R. "THE USE OF ELECTRONIC COMPUTERS IN LAND-USE SURVEYS BASED ON PHOTO-INTERPRETATION†." Photogrammetric Record 5, no. 30 (August 26, 2006): 465–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-9730.1967.tb00898.x.
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Kasel, Sabine, Lauren T. Bennett, and Josquin Tibbits. "Land use influences soil fungal community composition across central Victoria, south-eastern Australia." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 40, no. 7 (July 2008): 1724–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2008.02.011.
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Bennett, AF. "Land-Use, Forest Fragmentation and the Mammalian Fauna at Naringal, South-Western Victoria." Wildlife Research 17, no. 4 (1990): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9900325.
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Sitorus, Santun R. P. "A Review of Parametric and Physiographic Approaches Land Classification for Land Evaluation and Land Use Planning." Sumatra Journal of Disaster, Geography and Geography Education 2, no. 2 (December 16, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/sjdgge.v2i2.168.
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Knowledge of physical characteristics of land is fundamental for rational land evaluation and land use planning, both in developed and undeveloped regions. A review of two land classifications, parametric and physiographic approaches, is carried out. The parametric approach classifies on the basis of selected land attributes determined by land use or uses in question. Its employment may range from general purpose surveys which are considering many attributes, to classification on narrower basis for special purposes. The physiographic approach, on the other hand, classifies land rather than its specific attributes. Each land unit identified in this way is therefore considered to be relatively homogeneous in overall characters. Both approaches have had varying merits depending on the goal and circumstances of the land evaluation. On a detailed study required by most practical purposes, both approaches theoretically meet the requirements of land classification. Of both approaches, it was concluded that physiographic approach had the advantage of being rapidly implemented whereas, the parametric approach, whilst slower in use and applicable only in localized studies, yielded more reliable results. In reality, however, distinction between both approaches is not so clear-cut because they can be combined with advantage. Their advantages and disadvantages relative merits also be assessed in related to three problems of land classification: (1) complexity of land, (2). extent of land-units, and (3) associations of land-units. The two approaches are really not alternatives and can, in fact, be combined with profit, since the relative advantage of each varies with circumstances. Physiographic approach offers a possibility on more rapid survey at relatively low cost, as needed in most undeveloped regions. Its reliability is consistent for reconnaissance investigation and, with moderately close sampling, for semi-detailed surveys. It has an additional advantage of enabling a survey with diverse specialists. For a detailed survey, however, greater precision and reliability of parametric approach is preferable. In practice, therefore, both methods are best combined to reinforce each other.
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Kiggundu, Nicholas, Listowel Abugri Anaba, Noble Banadda, Joshua Wanyama, and Isa Kabenge. "Assessing Land Use and Land Cover Changes in the Murchison Bay Catchment of Lake Victoria Basin in Uganda." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n1p44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Murchison Bay catchment in the northern shoreline of Lake Victoria basin is a high valued ecosystem because of the numerous human-related activities it supports in Uganda. The catchment has undergone tremendous human-induced land use/cover changes, which have not been quantified. This study aimed at quantifying the land use/cover changes as well as the rate at which these changes occurred over the last three decades in the catchment. This was achieved using remote sensing techniques and Geographic Information System (GIS) to analyse and contextualize the changes. To that effect, images of Landsat satellites MSS, TM, ETM+ and OLI were interpreted using supervised image classification technique to determine the land use/land cover changes from 1984 to 2015. The obtained results indicated that the catchment has undergone huge land use and land cover transformations over the last three decades attributable to rapid population growth and urbanization. The prevailing changes in footprint between 1984 and 2015 were expansions of built–up land (20.58% to 49.59%) and open water bodies (not detected in 1984 to 1.74%), and decreases in the following sectors: agricultural lands (from 43.88% to 26.10%), forestland (from 23.78% to 17.49%), and wetlands (from 11.76% to 5.08%). The changes pose a threat to the environment and water quality of the Murchison Bay and consequently increases National Water and Sewerage Corporation water treatment costs. Therefore, there is the need to take critical and practical measures to regulate and police land use, water use rights and conserve the environment especially wetlands.
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Kimaro, T. A., and R. Fidelis. "Impacts of Lake Victoria Level Fluctuations to Livelihoods Missungwi District Case Study." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 30, no. 2 (December 31, 2007): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v30i2.403.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Lake Victoria experienced drastic levels changes in 2005 causing great inconveniences to lakeside communities. Thisstudy investigated effects of these changes on livelihoods through questionnaire surveys, focused group discussions,interviews and analysis of fish catches, diseases, crops, and lake levels data. Results indicate recession of levels hadvarious socio-economic impacts. The changes caused severe water shortage due to drying up of shallow wells and aremarkable increase in prevalence of schistosomiasis because of increased utilization of lake water. There was noevidence for impact of level changes on malaria and diarrhea. Decline of water levels caused decline in fish catches dueto retreat of water from breeding sites. However receding waters created a new land for cultivation which helped toboost Maize and sweet potatoes production. The results emphasize on ensuring stability of lake levels to avoid negativeimpacts on livelihoods and to maintain ecological integrity of the lake.
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Erdoğu, Burçin. "Off-Site Artefact Distribution and Land-Use Intensity in Turkish Thrace." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 69 (2003): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00001304.
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In this article, the author investigates off-site artefacts distribution around the prehistoric settlements of Turkish Thrace and provides evidence relating to prehistoric land use. Intensive block and transect surveys were completed in two small separate areas in the Edirne region, as well as intra-site gridded collection of settlements. Since until now no intensive archaeological surveys have been conducted in Turkish Thrace, this work is unique for the whole region. Results show that most of the prehistoric settlements in the Edirne region can be described as mobile, reoccupied flat settlements. Most off-site artefacts were found either immediately or in small concentrations around the settlements.
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Kalashnikov, Kirill, and Ekaterina Kulik. "THE USE OF ARCHIVAL LAND SURVEY DATA AT STUDY THE STATUS OF AGRICULTURAL LAND ACCORDING TO REMOTE SENSING." Interexpo GEO-Siberia 4, no. 2 (2019): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33764/2618-981x-2019-4-2-221-228.
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The state data funds have a huge database of various land management information on the entire territory of the Russian Federation. This database requires constant updating and is now significantly outdated. In most regions, not inventory of agricultural land, there are no actual data about their qualitative, quantitative condition is not carried out soil, and geobotanical surveys, are not updated thematic maps of the status and use of lands. The article shows the possibility of joint application of the results of soil, geobotanical surveys and planning and cartographic materials with archival data of Landsat satellites. The features of identifying the processes of overgrowth of agricultural land according to the sensor Landsat Thematic Mapper are analyzed. The technology of accounting for the vegetation period in the recognition of agricultural land on satellite images is demonstrated.
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Momo, Marie Caroline Solefack, Andre Ledoux Njouonkou, Lucie Felicite Temgoua, Romuald Djouda Zangmene, Junior Baudoin Wouokoue Taffo, and Mama Ntoupka. "Land-Use/Land-Cover Change and Anthropogenic Causes Around Koupa Matapit Gallery Forest, West-Cameroon." Journal of Geography and Geology 10, no. 2 (May 20, 2018): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v10n2p56.
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This study assesses land cover change of the Koupa Matapit forest gallery, West Cameroon, in relation to anthropogenic factors. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted to investigate the relationships between the local population and the gallery forest; the spatio-temporal dynamics of the landscapes around the gallery forest were studied from the diachronic analysis of three Landsat TM satellite images of 1984, Landsat ETM + 1999 and Landsat OLI_TIRS of 2016, supplemented by verification missions on field. The satellite images were processed using ArcGIS and Erdas Imagine software. According to surveys, it should be noted that agriculture and livestock are the main economic activities of the population of Koupa Matapit, agriculture and fuel wood collection for energy were the main anthropogenic activities responsible for deforestation and degradation of the forest gallery. The collection of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) would have a significant implication in land use and cover changes. The results indicate that the extension of savannah/agricultural land (from 6989 ha in 1984 to 7604 ha in 2016) and bare soil/built up area (from 71 ha in 1984 to 342 ha in 2016) would have led to the disappearance of much of the forest area (1465 ha in 1984 to 580 ha in 2016). The rapid population growth of Koupa Matapit would be responsible for these pressures. There is an urgent need to implement appropriate land use policy in this area.
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Onyango, Dancan O., Christopher O. Ikporukpo, John O. Taiwo, and Stephen B. Opiyo. "Monitoring the extent and impacts of watershed urban development in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya, using a combination of population dynamics, remote sensing and GIS techniques." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0007.
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Abstract Several urban centres of different sizes have developed over time, and continue to grow, within the basin of Lake Victoria. Uncontrolled urban development, especially along the lake shore, puts environmental pressure on Lake Victoria and its local ecosystem. This study sought to monitor the extent and impacts of urban development (as measured by population growth and built-up land use/land cover) in the Lake Victoria basin, Kenya, between 1978 and 2018. Remote sensing and GIS-based land use/land cover classification was conducted to extract change in built-up areas from Landsat 3, 4, 5 and 8 satellite imagery obtained for the month of January at intervals of ten years. Change in population distribution and density was analysed based on decadal census data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics between 1979 and 2019. A statistical regression model was then estimated to relate population growth to built-up area expansion. Results indicate that the basin’s built-up area has expanded by 97% between 1978 and 2018 while the population increased by 140% between 1979 and 2019. Urban development was attributed to the rapidly increasing population in the area as seen in a positive statistical correlation (R2=0.5744) between increase in built-up area and population growth. The resulting environmental pressure on the local ecosystem has been documented mainly in terms of degradation of lake water quality, eutrophication and aquatic biodiversity loss. The study recommends the enactment and implementation of appropriate eco-sensitive local legislation and policies for sustainable urban and rural land use planning in the area. This should aim to control and regulate urban expansion especially in the immediate shoreline areas of the lake and associated riparian zones.
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Tamrakar, Rabindra Man. "Potential Use of GPS Technology For Cadastral Surveys in Nepal." Journal on Geoinformatics, Nepal 12 (October 31, 2013): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njg.v12i0.9071.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Global Positional Systems (GPS) now is competing with traditional surveying techniques in almost all fields of geodesy and cadastral surveying after the availability of highly productive new systems such as Real Time Kinematic (RTK) systems along with the use of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). Although the cadastral mapping of the entire Nepal was completed in 1996 using graphical survey with plane table technique, derived information from the existing maps now are outdated and do not fulfil the needs of the general public. Updating cadastral maps is not only necessary but vital in Nepal. Survey Department under the Ministry of Land Reforms & Management, Government of Nepal now has to adopt an appropriate innovative approach for cadastral mapping in the country in order to meet the growing public demands on reliable land information system, to provide speedy land administrative services as well as for overall development of the country. With continual research and development into GPS, the techniques and systems developed have become more reliable, cheaper and more productive, making GPS more attractive for a range of surveying solutions including cadastral mapping. Though high resources may be initially required for the RTK GPS technology for cadastral surveys in Nepal when compared to presently available optical surveying techniques, it would be justifiable in investing in GPS surveys. This technology, however, will not replace the existing survey techniques but it will provide another means in carrying out cadastral surveys especially in the area where the conventional technique is not economically and temporally viable. Nepalese Journal on Geoinformatics -12, 2070 (2013AD): 33-40
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Coulson, G. "Use of heterogeneous habitat by the western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus." Wildlife Research 20, no. 2 (1993): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The western grey kangaroo, Macropus fuliginosus, typically occurs at highest population densities in areas of greatest habitat heterogeneity. Hattah-Kulkyne National Park, in semiarid north-western Victoria, supports a relatively high density of this species, and has a mosaic of four major vegetation associations: mallee, woodland, lake bed and grassland. The patterns of habitat use by western grey kangaroos at Hattah-Kulkyne were examined from March 1983 until May 1985 using line-transect surveys to estimate population density in each habitat, and radio-tracking to estimate home range. The population was not dispersed randomly, but generally exhibited either positive or negative preferences for each of the four habitats in early morning and at midday, and on different bimonthly surveys. These preferences often reversed between times of day and between surveys. Home ranges of individuals ranged from 221 to 459 ha (asymptotic MAP[O.95] estimates), each encompassing three or four habitat types, and there was extensive spatial and temporal overlap between individuals. Kangaroos at Hattah-Kulkyne thus alternated between adjacent habitats that offered a range of forage conditions and shelter.
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Pocewicz, Amy, Max Nielsen-Pincus, Caren S. Goldberg, Melanie H. Johnson, Penelope Morgan, Jo Ellen Force, Lisette P. Waits, and Lee Vierling. "Predicting land use change: comparison of models based on landowner surveys and historical land cover trends." Landscape Ecology 23, no. 2 (September 12, 2007): 195–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10980-007-9159-6.
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Close, Odile, Beaumont Benjamin, Sophie Petit, Xavier Fripiat, and Eric Hallot. "Use of Sentinel-2 and LUCAS Database for the Inventory of Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry in Wallonia, Belgium." Land 7, no. 4 (December 8, 2018): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land7040154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Due to its cost-effectiveness and repeatability of observations, high resolution optical satellite remote sensing has become a major technology for land use and land cover mapping. However, inventory compilers for the Land Use, Land Use Change, and Forestry (LULUCF) sector are still mostly relying on annual census and periodic surveys for such inventories. This study proposes a new approach based on per-pixel supervised classification using Sentinel-2 imagery from 2016 for mapping greenhouse gas emissions and removals associated with the LULUCF sector in Wallonia, Belgium. The Land Use/Cover Area frame statistical Survey (LUCAS) of 2015 was used as training data and reference data to validate the map produced. Then, we investigated the performance of four widely used classifiers (maximum likelihood, random forest, k-nearest neighbor, and minimum distance) on different training sample sizes. We also studied the use of the rich spectral information of Sentinel-2 data as well as single-date and multitemporal classification. Our study illustrates how open source data can be effectively used for land use and land cover classification. This classification, based on Sentinel-2 and LUCAS, offers new opportunities for LULUCF inventory of greenhouse gas on a European scale.
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Aditya, Trias, Dany Laksono, Febrian F. Susanta, I. Istarno, D. Diyono, and Didik Ariyanto. "Visualization of 3D Survey Data for Strata Titles." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Major cities and urban areas are beginning to develop and use 3D properties and public facilities. Consequently, 3D cadastral surveys are increasingly being employed for strata unit ownership registration as a part of land administration services. At present, most national land information systems do not support 2D and 3D cadastral visualizations. A field survey or validation survey is required to determine the geometry of 3D spatial units for property registration. However, the results of 3D surveys and mapping are not stored in the land information system. This work aims to integrate 2D and 3D geospatial data of property units collected from cadastral surveys with their corresponding legal data. It reviews the workflow for the use of 3D survey data for first-titling of 3D properties in Indonesia. A scenario of use and a prototype were developed based on existing practices and the possibility of extending Indonesia’s Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) to represent 3D units. Data submitted to the prototype as 3D geometries was survey data from 3D cadastral surveys or validation surveys utilizing terrestrial survey methods. The prototype used PostGIS and Cesium Ion to store 3D geometries of data from six 3D surveys. Registrars in local land offices could use the prototype to undertake strata unit registration that establishes a relationship among geospatial features and their survey documents and legal documents. Cesium JS was used as a 3D browser, customized as a web application, to manage and visualize 3D survey data to support strata title registration. The results demonstrate that the first titling of 3D cadaster objects could be conducted and properly visualized in Indonesia by extending the existing LADM with more support for 3D spatial representations and survey documents.
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Stout, Heidi M., and Brad D. Lee. "Land Use Planning Exercise Using Geographic Information Systems and Digital Soil Surveys." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 33, no. 1 (2004): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.2004.0011.
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Cáceres, Noelia, Francisco G. Benítez, and Luis M. Romero. "Land use inference from mobility mobile phone data and household travel surveys." Transportation Research Procedia 47 (2020): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.03.117.
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