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1
Tammisto, Tuomas. "Strengthening the State." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 35, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.116657.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper I will examine how logging in Papua New Guinea affects the relationship between the state and the local communities on whose lands logging operations take place. The point of departure of my argument is the Ili-Wawas Integrated Project, a combined logging and agricultural project which seeks to bring economic development to the remote Pomio district of East New Britain Province by connecting existing logging roads to the limited national road network around the provincial capital. Developing the national road network and creating standardized or—to use James Scott’s concept—legible environments can be seen as an integral part of state-making and strengthening the role of the state. In addition to the environment, the state also needs to make social life legible in forms of maps, censuses and laws. As I will argue in my paper, the Ili-Wawas, and other similar projects, may indeed strengthen the role of the state not only by creating the infrastructure and legibility needed by the state, but also in unintended and accidental ways. The side effects of logging and road building include, among others, fear of crime and land disputes. It is these that create among the locals a perceived need for state institutions, which may be as significant in advancing the role of the state as is the creation of infrastructure and legibility.
Keywords: Papua New Guinea, development, road building, land dispute, state, neoliberalism, legibility
2
DAVIS, ROBERT A., GUY DUTSON, and JUDIT K. SZABO. "Conservation status of threatened and endemic birds of New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Bird Conservation International 28, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270917000156.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryNew Britain in the Bismarck Archipelago of Papua New Guinea supports 14 endemic bird species and together with New Ireland, forms an Endemic Bird Area that supports 38 restricted range species. Extensive conversion of lowland forest to oil palm plantations resulted in the loss of over 20% of forest under 100 m altitude between 1989 and 2000. However the rate of loss has subsequently slowed (2.2% loss across all altitudes between 2002 and 2014), and much forest remains at higher altitudes: 72% of New Britain remained forested (including secondary forest) in 2014. Despite the ongoing high threat and rich endemic bird fauna, the state of knowledge of the conservation status of birds in New Britain is very poor. We use an unprecedented dataset based on 415 hours of bird surveys conducted in oil palm plantations, as well as primary and secondary forests at all altitudes, to revise the IUCN status of New Britain’s birds. These data indicate that six species of elevated conservation concern are less dependent on old-growth forest than previously assessed. We recommend reduced population size estimates for one species, New Britain Kingfisher Todiramphus albonotatus. We recommend increased population size estimates for seven species: Pied Cuckoo-dove Reinwardtoena browni, Yellowish Imperial Pigeon Ducula subflavescens, Green-fronted Hanging Parrot Loriculus tener, Blue-eyed Cockatoo Cacatua opthalmica, Violaceous Coucal Centropus violaceous, New Britain Boobook Ninox odiosa and New Britain Thrush Zoothera talaseae. Despite our comprehensive surveys, Slaty-backed Goshawk Accipiter luteoschistaceus, New Britain Sparrowhawk Accipiter brachyurus, New Britain Bronzewing Henicophaps foersteri and Golden Masked-owl Tyto aurantia remain very rarely recorded and require further assessment. With ongoing habitat loss, particularly in lowland areas, New Britain’s birds urgently require more attention.
3
McAlpine, J. R., and D. F. Freyne. "Land Use Change and Intensification in Papua New Guinea 1975–1996." Asia Pacific Viewpoint 42, no. 2‐3 (August 2001): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8373.00145.
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Torrence, Robin. "Cultural landscapes on Garua Island, Papua New Guinea." Antiquity 76, no. 293 (September 2002): 766–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00091213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Important new insights about long-term changes in human behaviour are gained when cultural landscapes rather than focal points or ‘sites’ are studied. The abundance of obsidian artefacts preserved on easily recognized, well-defined and short-lived ground surfaces makes Garua Island an excellent setting for monitoring the changing patterns of human behaviour through time and within cultural landscapes. The results raise questions about traditional interpretations of settlement and land use in Near Oceania, particularly during the time of Lapita pottery.
5
Imbun, Benedict Y. "Maintaining land use agreements in Papua New Guinea Mining: ‘Business as usual’?" Resources Policy 38, no. 3 (September 2013): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2013.04.003.
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Miller III, Donald G., John Lane, and Randy Senock. "Butterflies as potential bioindicators of primary rainforest and oil palm plantation habitats on New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 17, no. 2 (2011): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc110149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our research team worked with Nakanai land-holders in Papua New Guinea to perform the first survey of butterflies in the Lake Hargy caldera of West New Britain Province. Methods included modified Pollard transects quantifying sampling effort based on aerial netting and visual observations, as well as traps baited with fermenting fruit. Results were compared with surveys on the adjacent Hargy Oil Palm plantation. Our sampling yielded 312 specimens representing 73 species; of these, 50 were limited to primary rainforest, 12 to oil palm plantation and 11 species occurred at both sites. Four species are newly recorded for New Britain, including one potentially invasive species on Citrus. Singleton specimens made up the largest abundance class in the data set, representing 34% of records in primary rainforest. Sixty-two percent of the butterfly taxa recorded are regionally endemic to the Bismarck island chain or to New Britain in particular. Calculated levels of similarity between sites ranged from 0.151 to 0.262, suggesting the oil palm and rainforest habitats supported highly distinct species assemblages. Although rapid assessment data such as these are necessarily limited in scope, they can still aid in documenting the impact on biodiversity from conversion of primary tropical rainforest to oil palm monoculture.
7
Louman, B. T. M. "Subsistence use of fallow vegetation in the highlands of Papua New Guinea." Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 35, no. 4 (November 1, 1987): 546–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/njas.v35i4.16716.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The structural and floristic composition of fallows 5-8, 8-12 and 15-20 yr old, was studied in the Wau area. Results confirmed general ideas of secondary succession and supported the theoretical model of ecologically sound land use described by Oldeman, R.A.A. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)
8
Kerua, William. "Livelihood diversification and its impact on cocoa production in Morobe and East New Britain Provinces of Papua New Guinea." International Journal of Agricultural Extension 7, no. 1 (April 25, 2019): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/ijae.007.01.2793.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cocoa is an important cash crop of Papua New Guinea (PNG). Despite considerable Government investment, with its technical research, development, and extension (RDE) focus, productivity remains less than potential. This study was carried out to establish the livelihood activities diversification and impact on cocoa production of selected areas of Morobe and East New Britain Provinces of PNG. The specific objective was to establish whether farmers’ livelihood diversification activities affected cocoa production of the study areas. A cross-sectional descriptive study, in the context of phenomenological reflection involving semi-structured interviews and discussions was used to study the livelihood diversity and its implications on cocoa production in the selected provinces. Data were analysed using NVivo software. It was found that the main causes of farmer engagement of diversified livelihood activities were due to: land shortage, land tenure, minimising risk, cultural factors, farming system practices, opportunities, comparative advantage, and with the effects of modern changes. The main rationale behind such diversified livelihood activities was to raise household’s income portfolio and to improved status in the community. Consequently, smallholder farmers do not put full effort into cocoa production.
9
P. Faith, Daniel, C. R. Margules, and P. A. Walker. "A biodiversity conservation plan for Papua New Guinea based on biodiversity trade-offs analysis." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 4 (2000): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010304.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A rapid biodiversity assessment ("BioRap") project identified candidate areas for biodiversity protection in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and provides an ongoing evaluation framework for balancing biodiversity conservation and other land use needs. Achieving a biodiversity protection target with minimum opportunity cost was an important outcome given that biodiversity values overlap with forestry production values, and high forgone forestry opportunities would mean significant losses to land owners and the government. Allocation of 16.8% of PNG's land area to some form of biodiversity protection was required, in order to achieve the level of biodiversity representation/persistence that would have been possible using only 10% of the land area if there were no constraints on land allocation and no land use history. This result minimizes potential conflict with forestry production opportunities while also taking account of land use history, human population density and previous conservation assessments. The analysis provides more than a Single set of proposed priority areas. It is a framework for progressively moving towards a country-wide conservation goal, while at the same time providing opportunities to alter the priority area set in light of new knowledge, changes in land use, and/or changes in economic and social conditions.
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Keig, Gael, Robin L. Hide, Susan M. Cuddy, Heinz Buettikofer, Jennifer A. Bellamy, Pieter Bleeker, David Freyne, and John McAlpine. "CSIRO and land research in Papua New Guinea 1950–2000: part 1: pre-Independence." Historical Records of Australian Science 30, no. 2 (2019): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr18019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the period 1953–69, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) conducted fourteen integrated land resource surveys in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea with the aim of identifying areas suitable for accelerated development. The resulting reconnaissance-level regional survey reports and maps provided extensive baseline information for national development planning. Related disciplinary publications expanded scientific knowledge of land resources and resource use in the wet tropics more generally. Substantial botanical collections carried out during the surveys contributed to building the Papua New Guinea (PNG) national collection at the Lae Herbarium and to the establishment of what is now the Australian National Herbarium.
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Devi, Rafika Minati, Tofan Agung Eka Prasetya, and Diah Indriani. "SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ANALYSIS OF LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE CHANGE ON NEW BRITAIN ISLAND." International Journal of Remote Sensing and Earth Sciences (IJReSES) 17, no. 1 (August 20, 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30536/j.ijreses.2020.v17.a3342.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is a parameter to estimate the temperature of the Earth’s surface and to detect climate change. Papua New Guinea is a tropical country with rainforests, the greatest proportion of which are located on the island of New Britain. Hectares of rainforests have been logged and deforested because of infrastructure construction. This study aims to investigate the change in land surface temperatures on the island from 2000 to 2019. The temperature data were taken from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Terra satellites and were analysed using two statistical models: spatial and temporal. The spatial model used multivariate regression, while the temporal one used autoregression (AR). In this study, a cubic spline fitted curve was employed because this has the advantage of being smoother and providing good visuals. The results show that almost all the sub-regions of New Britain have experienced a significant increase in land surface temperature, with a Z value of 7.97 and a confidence interval (CI) of 0.264 – 0.437. The study only investigated land surface temperature change on New Britain Island using spatial and temporal analysis, so further analysis is needed which takes into account other variables such as vegetation and land cover, or which establishes correlations with other variables such as human health.
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P. Faith, Daniel, H. A. Nix, C. R. Margules, M. F. Hutchinson, P. A. Walker, J. West, J. L. Stein, J. L. Kesteven, A. Allison, and G. Natera. "The BioRap Biodiversity Assessment and Planning Study for Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 4 (2000): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010279.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Papua New Guinea (PNG) has an incredible variety of land and marine ecosystems, including many components of biodiversity that are unique in the world. PNG's land mass constitutes less than one percent of the world's land area, yet estimates suggest that the country has more than 5% of the world's biodiversity. PNG has been recognized therefore as an important region for biodiversity conservation (see Alcorn 1993; Beehler 1993 and references within). Recently, Conservation International (CI) has recognized PNG as one of the small number of critical tropical forest areas for conservation efforts. That priority reflects not just PNG's unique biodiversity but also the fact that sustainable use of PNG's natural resources has become an important issue, particularly relating to its large mineral deposits, oil and natural gas reserves, agricultural potential, and forestry production potential. CI's perspective highlights important principles of conservation priority. PNG, like the other tropical wilderness areas on its priority list, is regarded as an opportunity for effective conservation at relatively low cost, given that these wilderness regions are still largely intact and have low human population density. In our view, realizing such opportunities requires good planning. Biodiversity conservation in PNG can imply low realized opportunity costs or quite high realized opportunity costs, depending on whether biodiversity planning is used to find a balance among society's competing needs through tradeoffs. PNG is a region worthy of urgent conservation planning attention because potential high net benefits for society may be needlessly foreclosed through inefficient planning that does not address conflicts among various needs of society. The risk of losing those potential net benefits is a strong argument for conservation investment in PNG.
13
Ohtsuka, Ryutaro. "Subsistence ecology and carrying capacity in two Papua New Guinea populations." Journal of Biosocial Science 26, no. 3 (July 1994): 395–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000021477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SummaryThis article examines the mechanisms of subsistence adaptation of two Papua New Guinea populations, the Metroxylon sago-depending lowland Gidra and the taro-monoculture Mountain Ok, surviving in low population densities of 0·5 and 1·4 persons per km2. Observation of the groups' land use systems strongly suggests that their population densities have not been far below the carrying capacity, although the territory of each population is markedly heterogeneous. Both groups have maintained their sustainable food production not only for resource management but also for survival at a population level, either expanding their territory or changing the sustainable level in tandem with changes of subsistence system.
14
Akike, Slady, and Sailesh Samanta. "Land Use/Land Cover and Forest Canopy Density Monitoring of Wafi-Golpu Project Area, Papua New Guinea." Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 04, no. 08 (2016): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2016.48001.
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Goddard, Michael. "The Dialectic of a Descent Dogma Among the Motu-Koita of Papua New Guinea." Sociologus: Volume 69, Issue 2 69, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 127–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/soc.69.2.127.
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Abstract Descent dogmas have become visible in recent years among Melanesian societies affected by large-scale natural resource extraction, but it should not be assumed that they are all immediate responses by landowners attempting to restrict access to royalties or other monetary benefits. This article traces the development of a patrilineal descent dogma among the Motu-Koita, whose traditional territory includes Port Moresby, the capital city of Papua New Guinea, and who were arguably non-unilineal when colonized in the late nineteenth century. I describe the generation of a ‘patrilineal’ descent rule through their experience of early colonial land purchases, early anthropological kinship models, colonial land courts, efforts by State legal agencies to recognise ‘customary law’, and accelerating land loss since the late colonial period. The historical process has been marked by an attenuation of the traditional flexibility and negotiability of Motu-Koita land use and inheritance, a diminution of their ‘moral economy’, and contemporary tensions generated by the rise of individualist interpretations of patrilineal descent.
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Metherall, Nicholas, Diego Romario De Fretes, Feby Mandibondibo, and Talei Caucau. "Assessing the Development Impact of the Sota Border Post Connecting Indonesia and Papua New Guinea." Papua Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations 2, no. 2 (August 7, 2022): 95–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.31957/pjdir.v2i2.2209.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although some studies have mentioned land use and land cover across the borderlands of New Guinea, there have not yet been a series of systematic studies that link the topic with the construction of the Sota border post (Pos Lintas Batas Negara–“PLBN Sota”). With reference to realism, liberalism and asymmetrical power relations, this study examines the development impacts of the Sota border post. A set of interdisciplinary mixed-methods approaches are used including geospatial and earth observation analysis, collation of bureau of statistics data as well as academic and grey literature review. Results provide a baseline land cover assessment for the study area surrounding the Sota border post. There have also been a range of socio-economic and biophysical impacts of the infrastructural and immigration capacities along the Southern borderlands of New Guinea. In terms of international relations, the presence of the Sota border post is expected to foster cooperation between Indonesia and PNG, decrease conflict, and promote stability in the border area. As a result, both realism and liberalism can be used as theoretical frameworks to understand the trajectory of developments along the borderlands. However, due to the asymmetries of power, the rhetoric of liberalism may be rendered less convincing.KEYWORDS:Asymmetries of Power; Indonesia and PNG; International Relations; Land Cover and Land Use Change; Sota Border Post
17
George, N., R. R. B. Killur, and D. L. Cornelio. "Land Use Conversion and Soil Properties in a Lowland Tropical Landscape of Papua New Guinea." Jurnal Manajemen Hutan Tropika (Journal of Tropical Forest Management) 19, no. 1 (April 29, 2013): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.7226/jtfm.19.1.39.
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Doaemo, Willie, Midhun Mohan, Esmaeel Adrah, Shruthi Srinivasan, and Ana Paula Dalla Corte. "Exploring Forest Change Spatial Patterns in Papua New Guinea: A Pilot Study in the Bumbu River Basin." Land 9, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9090282.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Papua New Guinea is a country in Oceania that hosts unique rain forests and forest ecosystems which are crucial for sequestering atmospheric carbon, conserving biodiversity, supporting the livelihood of indigenous people, and underpinning the timber market of the country. As a result of urban sprawl, agricultural expansion, and illegal logging, there has been a tremendous increase in land-use land cover (LULC) change happening in the country in the past few decades and this has triggered massive deforestation and forest degradation. However, only a few studies have ventured into quantifying the long-term trends and their associated spatial patterns—and have often presented contrasting responses. Herein, we intended to assess the extent of deforestation and the rate of urbanization that happened in the past 33 years (1987–2020) in the Bumbu river basin in Papua New Guinea using satellite imagery—for the years 1987, 2002, 2010, and 2020—and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. On performing image classification, land use maps were developed and later compared with Google Earth’s high-resolution satellite images for accuracy assessment purposes. For probing into the spatial aspects of the land-use change issues, the study area was divided into four urban zones and four forest zones according to the four main cardinal directions centered in the urban and forest area centers of the 1987 image; subsequently, the rate of urban area expansion in each urban zone was separately calculated. From our preliminary analysis and literature survey, we observed several hurdles regarding the classification of regenerative forests and mixed pixels and gaps in LULC studies that have happened in Papua New Guinea to date. Through this communication paper, we aim to disseminate our preliminary results, which highlight a rapid increase in urban extent from 14.39 km2 in 1987 to 23.06 km2 in 2020 accompanied by a considerable decrease in forest extent from 76.29 km2 in 1987 to 59.43 km2 in 2020; this observation favors the presumption that urban and agricultural land expansion is happening at the cost of forest cover. Moreover, strategies for addressing technical issues and for integrating land-use change with various socioeconomic and environmental variables are presented soliciting feedback.
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Samanta, Sailesh, and Dilip Kumar Pal. "Change Detection of Land Use and Land Cover over a Period of 20 Years in Papua New Guinea." Natural Science 08, no. 03 (2016): 138–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ns.2016.83017.
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Beer, Bettina. "‘Clan’ and ‘Family’: Transformations of Sociality among the Wampar, Papua New Guinea." Histories 2, no. 1 (January 14, 2022): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/histories2010002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Changes in what anthropologists understand “clan” to refer to, and the social relations that many sociologists think of as constituting a “nuclear family” are at the centre of this article. It is based on ethnography among Wampar speakers in north-eastern Papua New Guinea (PNG). Among the Wampar, different, sometimes conflicting, transitions relevant to the emergence of the family as an accentuated social entity can be observed; yet all are a result of Christianisation and the local effects of capitalism. Nominally patrilineal clans (sagaseg), after a period when they seemed to have a somewhat diminished social significance, are again crucial social units: a result of the government’s requirement that statutory Incorporated Land Groups (ILGs) form the sole legal basis of compensation for land use. At the same time, there has been an increasing emphasis on the nuclear family, which, along with the aspiration for modern lifestyles (and their associated consumption patterns) and education for children, has reconfigured the gendered division of labour. Ideals of companionate marriage and values specific to the nuclear family have become much more critical to social practices. In some families, traditional notions of descent have lost importance to such an extent that some young people are no longer aware of their sagaseg membership. Wampar men and women discuss these conflicting tendencies and argue about the different values that ground them. Which argument prevails often depends on the specific position of the person confronting them.
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Ezebilo, Eugene. "Willingness to Pay for Maintenance of a Nature Conservation Area: A Case of Mount Wilhelm, Papua New Guinea." Asian Social Science 12, no. 9 (August 25, 2016): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ass.v12n9p149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Ecosystem services that are not traded on markets contribute to human wellbeing however their economic value is not well known and research is required to reveal it. This paper reports on a study of willingness to pay (WTP) for the maintenance of Mount Wilhelm by urban residents and socio-economic factors influencing it. The possibility of developing an ecotourism strategy that could generate benefits for local are discussed. The data were obtained from questionnaire and personal interviews of residents of Kundiawa, which is the capital of Simbu Province, Papua New Guinea. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and binary logit regression model. The results showed that 92% of the respondents were willing to pay for maintenance of Mount Wilhelm and they would pay an average of 7.4 Papua New Guinea Kina (US$ 2.5) each year. The respondents who belonged to high income group had the highest WTP, followed by those who were willing to give out part of their land for conservation. Approximately 62% of the respondents would pay ≥10 Papua New Guinea Kina (PGK), which is equivalent to the amount charged as access fee to Mount Wilhelm by the locals living around it. The willingness to pay ≥10 PGK was influenced by income, education, importance of forests and willingness to give up land for conservation. The findings will contribute to land use planning and design of nature-based recreation that meets societal demands.</p>
22
Symons, Josh. "Obsidian artefacts and land-use in the mid-Holocene of the Willaumez Peninsula, Papua New Guinea." Australian Archaeology 57, no. 1 (January 2003): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03122417.2003.11681771.
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Hendri. "CARBON MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN PAPUA REGION." JURNAL KEHUTANAN PAPUASIA 1, no. 1 (November 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.46703/jurnalpapuasia.vol1.iss1.23.
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Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest tropical rainforest area, especially in Papua Island together with Papua New Guinea accounted the third largest tropical rainforests in the world, after the Amazon (336.7 million ha) and Congo (181.3 million ha). The total tropical rainforest area is 68.7 million ha contained Papua about 57% (39.2 million ha) and 43% (29.5 million ha) Papua New Guinea. Unfortunately, deforestation rates in the few decades increased from 1.39 million ha in the period 1985 – 1997 and 0.6 million ha in the period 2000 – 2005. The direct impact of rapid LULUCF (Land Use, Land Use Change & Forestry) changes since 1980`s has accumulated critical land by 29.0% of forest area in West Papua and 31.4% of forest area in Papua. Climate change affected in Papua region due to rapid amount GHG`s emissions into the atmosphere by increasing average temperature about 0.7oC, minimum temperature (0.7oC) and maximum temperature (1.2oC) during period 1996 – 2005. Other effects of climate change the decreased rainfall up to 26% per month in the last decade, 50% reduced total agriculture productivity, expanded malaria diseases, and increased extreme condition such as drought with intensity of forest fire detected in Sorong due to inter-annual climate variability events, such as the El-Niño event and flood due to the La-Niña event. However, it is difficult task to build mitigation and adaptation planning in the region or local scale due to the lack information, the lack human resources, and local topography and phenomena. In that case, so far, no study has been conducted in Papua region to build mitigation and adaptation planning for carbon management. Therefore, this study tries to promote a carbon management program for help local government to solve forest environmental problems consideration of climate change.
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Ningal, Tine, A. E. Hartemink, and A. K. Bregt. "Land use change and population growth in the Morobe Province of Papua New Guinea between 1975 and 2000." Journal of Environmental Management 87, no. 1 (April 2008): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.01.006.
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Hananto, Pulung Widhi, Rahandy Rizki Prananda, Ratna Herawati, and Irawati Irawati. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SPECIAL ARRANGEMENTS AND BASIC AGREEMENTS IN OVERCOMING STATELESSNESS ISSUES AT THE BORDER BETWEEN INDONESIA AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA." Masalah-Masalah Hukum 51, no. 2 (April 28, 2022): 117–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/mmh.51.2.2022.117-129.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Differences in perspective on territorial boundaries between local communities with customary rights based on customary law and the definition of territorial boundaries in the context of state administration raises a dilemma, one of which is the potential for statelessness. The existence of ulayat customary land is a factor that affects illegal border crossings. The Governments of the Republic of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea responded to this by entering into basic agreements and special arrangements. This article aims to examine the implementation and effectiveness of special arrangements and basic agreements in dealing with the emergence of statelessness problems. This study uses a statutory and conceptual approach. The results of the study found that the application of rules that were positivistic in nature could not be applied absolutely to residents of the border between Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. The use of red and yellow card policies is only temporary, so a permanent policy is needed to address this issue.
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Hart, John D., Viola Kwa, Paison Dakulala, Paulus Ripa, Dale Frank, Theresa Lei, Ninkama Moiya, et al. "Mortality surveillance and verbal autopsy strategies: experiences, challenges and lessons learnt in Papua New Guinea." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (December 2020): e003747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003747.
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Full notification of deaths and compilation of good quality cause of death data are core, sequential and essential components of a functional civil registration and vital statistics (CRVS) system. In collaboration with the Government of Papua New Guinea (PNG), trial mortality surveillance activities were established at sites in Alotau District in Milne Bay Province, Tambul-Nebilyer District in Western Highlands Province and Talasea District in West New Britain Province.Provincial Health Authorities trialled strategies to improve completeness of death notification and implement an automated verbal autopsy methodology, including use of different notification agents and paper or mobile phone methods. Completeness of death notification improved from virtually 0% to 20% in Talasea, 25% and 75% using mobile phone and paper notification strategies, respectively, in Alotau, and 69% in Tambul-Nebilyer. We discuss the challenges and lessons learnt with implementing these activities in PNG, including logistical considerations and incentives.Our experience indicates that strategies to maximise completeness of notification should be tailored to the local context, which in PNG includes significant geographical, cultural and political diversity. We report that health workers have great potential to improve the CRVS programme in PNG through managing the collection of notification and verbal autopsy data. In light of our findings, and in consultation with the main government CRVS stakeholders and the National CRVS Committee, we make recommendations regarding the requirements at each level of the health system to optimise mortality surveillance in order to generate the essential health intelligence required for policy and planning.
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Lentfer, C., and R. Torrence. "Holocene volcanic activity, vegetation succession, and ancient human land use: Unraveling the interactions on Garua Island, Papua New Guinea." Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 143, no. 3-4 (March 2007): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2006.06.007.
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P. Faith, Daniel, P. A. Walker, and C. R. Margules. "Some future prospects for systematic biodiversity planning in Papua New Guinea - and for biodiversity planning in general." Pacific Conservation Biology 6, no. 4 (2000): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We describe three challenges for biodiversity planning, which arise from a study in Papua New Guinea, but apply equally to biodiversity planning in general. These are 1) the best use of available data for providing biodiversity surrogate information, 2) the integration of representativeness and persistence goals into the area prioritization process, and 3) implications for the implementation of a conservation plan over time. Each of these problems is linked to the effective use of complementarity. Further, we find that a probabilistic framework for calculating persistence-based complementarity values over time can contribute to resolving each challenge. Probabilities allow for the exploration of a range of possible complementarity values over different planning scenarios, and provide a way to evalua!e biodiversity surrogates. The integration of representativeness and persistence goals, via estimated probabilities of persistence, facilitates the crediting of partial protection provided by sympathetic management. For the selection of priority areas and land use allocation, partial protection may be a "given" or implied by an allocated land use. Such an integration also allows the incorporation of vulnerability/threat information at the level of attributes or areas, incorporating persistence values that may depend on reserve design. As an example of the use of persistence probabilities, we derive an alternative proposed priority area set for PNG. This is based on 1) a goal of 0.99 probability of persistence of all biodiversity surrogate attributes used in the study, 2) an assumption of a 0.10 probability of persistence in the absence of any form of formal protection, and 3) a 0.90 probability of persistence for surrogate attributes in proposed priority areas, assuming formal protection is afforded to them. The calculus of persistence also leads to a proposed system of environmental levies based on biodiversity complementarity values. The assigned levy for an area may change to reflect its changing complementarity value in light of changes to protection status of other areas. We also propose a number of complementarity-based options for a carbon credits framework. These address required principles of additionality and collateral benefits from biodiversity protection. A related biodiversity credits scheme, also based on complementarity, encourages investments in those areas that make greatest ongoing contributions to regional biodiversity representation and persistence. All these new methods point to a new "systematic conservation planning" that is not focused only on selecting sets of areas but utilizes complementarity values and changes in probabilities of persistence for a range of decision making processes. The cornerstone of biodiversity planning, complementarity, no longer reflects only relative amounts of biodiversity but also relative probabilities of persistence.
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Harris, Hannah. "Corruption and the forestry industry in Papua New Guinea: transnational actors, local dynamics and environmental impact." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 22, no. 1 (May 2019): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2019.01.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corruption and environmental degradation are interrelated challenges. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), the relationship between corruption and the environment can be seen in the continuing corruption that exists in the country's forestry industry. The article focuses on key actors, values and interests across geographic and institutional spheres who contribute to corrupt incentives in PNG. The PNG government, foreign corporations, customary land owners, NGOs, multilateral organizations, even foreign governments and consumers; all play a role in the PNG context. These actors and their motives must be understood and harnessed to reduce corruption and improve environmental outcomes in PNG. To balance power dynamics and incentives among these actors requires the use of multiple legal and political tools: political pressure, international law, domestic legislation, aid and technical assistance, education and enforcement of existing legal frameworks are all components of the solution. The concept of an experimentalist governance framework for environmental protection is valuable in this context, due to its fluidity, responsiveness and adaptability in complex environments with multiple stakeholders.
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Matthews, Peter J., and Chris Gosden. "Plant Remains From Waterlogged Sites In The Arawe Islands, West New Britain Province, Papua New Guinea: Implications For The History Of Plant Use And Domestication." Economic Botany 51, no. 2 (April 1997): 121–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02893102.
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Rajashekhar Rao, B. K. "Effects of land use changes on kinetics of potassium release in sweetpotato garden soils of the highlands, Papua New Guinea." Solid Earth Discussions 6, no. 2 (September 29, 2014): 2843–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-6-2843-2014.
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Abstract. The present study attempts to employ K release parameters to identify soil quality degradation due to changed land use pattern in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) gardens of Highlands of Papua New Guinea. Soils with widely differing exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were successively extracted 569 h in 0.01 M CaCl2 and K release data was fitted to four mathematical models: first order, power, parabolic diffusion and Elovich equations. Results showed two distinct parts in the K release curves and 58–80% of total K were released to solution phase within 76 h (first 5 extractions) with 20–42% K released in the later parts (after 76 h). Soils from older gardens which were subjected to intensive and prolonged land use showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower cumulative K release potential than the gardens which are recently brought to cultivation (new gardens). Among four equations, first order and power equations best described the K release pattern and the constant b, an index of K+ release rates, ranged from 0.005–0.008 mg kg−1h−1 in first order model, and was between 0.14 and 0.83 mg kg−1h−1 in power model for the soils. In the non-volcanic soils, model constant b values were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the volcanic soils thus indicative of vulnerability of volcanic soils to K deficiency. The food garden soils need management interventions either through improved fallow management or through mineral fertilizers plus animal manures to sustain productivity.
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Rajashekhar Rao, B. K. "Kinetics of potassium release in sweet potato cropped soils: a case study in the highlands of Papua New Guinea." Solid Earth 6, no. 1 (February 17, 2015): 217–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-6-217-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The present study attempts to employ potassium (K) release parameters to identify soil-quality degradation due to changed land use patterns in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam) farms of the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Rapid population increase in the region increased pressure on the land to intensify subsistence production mainly by reducing fallow periods. Such continuous cropping practice coupled with lack of K fertilization practices could lead to a rapid loss of soil fertility and soil-resource degradation. The study aims to evaluate the effects of crop intensification on the K-release pattern and identify soil groups vulnerable to K depletion. Soils with widely differing exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were sequentially extracted for periods between 1 and 569 h in 0.01 M CaCl2, and K-release data were fitted to four mathematical models: first order, power, parabolic diffusion and Elovich equations. Results showed two distinct parts in the K-release curves, and 58–80% of total K was released to solution phase within 76 h (first five extractions) with 20–42% K released in the later parts (after 76 h). Soils from older farms that were subjected to intensive and prolonged land use showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower cumulative K-release potential than the farms recently brought to cultivation (new farms). Among the four equations, first-order and power equations best described the K-release pattern; the constant b, an index of K-release rates, ranged from 0.005 to 0.008 mg kg−1 h−1 in the first-order model and was between 0.14 and 0.83 mg kg−1 h−1 in the power model for the soils. In the non-volcanic soils, model constant b values were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the volcanic soils, thus indicating the vulnerability of volcanic soils to K deficiency. The volcanic soils cropped for several crop cycles need immediate management interventions either through improved fallow management or through mineral fertilizers plus animal manures to sustain productivity.
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Turak, Emre, Lyndon DeVantier, Robert Szava-Kovats, and Jon Brodie. "Impacts of coastal land use change in the wet tropics on nearshore coral reefs: Case studies from Papua New Guinea." Marine Pollution Bulletin 168 (July 2021): 112445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112445.
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Sheil, Douglas, Manuel Boissière, Miriam van Heist, Ismail Rachman, Imam Basuki, Meilinda Wan, and Yoseph Watopa. "The Floodplain Forests of the Mamberamo Basin, Papua, Indonesia (Western New Guinea): Vegetation, Soils, and Local Use." Forests 12, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 1790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12121790.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
New Guinea is the world’s largest, most speciose, and most culturally rich tropical island, and the little-studied Mamberamo Basin of Papua (Indonesian New Guinea) is recognised among the region’s most-important areas for biological diversity. Here, we examined the floodplain forests in the indigenous territory of Papasena, within the Mamberamo-Foja Wildlife Reserve in the Mamberamo Basin. As part of a training activity with local researchers, students, and civil servants, and with the permission and assistance of the local people, we employed various methods including the field surveys detailed here. We used variable-area tree plots, transects for non-trees and soil sampling, and local informants to document 17 plots: four in old-growth dryland forest, five in old-growth swamp forests (two seasonally flooded and three permanently wet including one dominated by sago, Metroxylon sagu Rottb.), five in secondary forest (fallows), and three in gardens (two in swamps and one on dryland). In total, we measured 475 trees over 10 cm in diameter at 1.3 m (dbh). The swamp forests had high local basal areas (highest value 45.1 m2 ha−1) but relatively low statures (20 m but with emergent trees over 40 m). In total, 422 morphospecies from 247 genera and 89 different families were distinguished. These included 138 tree species and 284 non-tree plant species. A quarter (105) of the morphospecies lacked species-level identifications. The woody families Rubiaceae, Araceae, Moraceae, and Euphorbiaceae were especially diverse, with 20 or more morphospecies each. Tree richness was highest in dryland forest (plot 7 having 28 species in 40 stems over 10 cm dbh) with more variation in the flooded forests. Non-tree vegetation showed similar patterns ranging from 65 species in one 40-by-5 m primary forest plot to just 5 in one seasonally flooded forest plot. The local people identified many plants as useful. Among trees, at least 59 species were useful for construction (the most common use), while, for non-trees, medicinal uses were most frequent. Inceptisols dominated (12 plots), followed by Ultisols and Entisols (3 and 2 plots, respectively). Drainage appeared poor and nutrient availability low, while land-suitability criteria implied little potential for crops aside from sago. We discuss the implication of local practises and more recent developments that may threaten the conservation of these floodplain systems. We underline the key role of local people in the oversight and protection of these ecosystems.
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Whitmore, Nathan, John Lamaris, Wallace Takendu, Daniel Charles, Terence Chuwek, Brian Mohe, Lucas Kanau, and Stanley Pe-eu. "The context and potential sustainability of traditional terrestrial periodic tambu areas: insights from Manus Island, Papua New Guinea." Pacific Conservation Biology 22, no. 2 (2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15036.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Within the Pacific over the last two decades there has been greater recognition of the pre-existing tools within indigenous communities for natural resource management. Periodic tambu (Tok Pisin: a prohibition) is an indigenous resource management tool often used across Papua New Guinea. On Manus Island terrestrial periodic tambu areas are characterised by a cycle of resource closure followed by instantaneous harvest. We examine the differing application of periodic tambu areas by three different clans who are using the technique to restock areas with the Admiralty cuscus (Phalangeridae: Spilocuscus kraemeri), an arboreal possum-like marsupial. We examined the plausibility of cuscus population recovery over differing closure periods at three different harvest rates using a composite female-only population projection matrix approach based on the vital rates of closely related phalangerid surrogates. The resultant trajectories suggest that commonly used closure durations may allow recovery at low to medium harvest rates (10–30%) but not at high harvest rates (50%). From this we infer that periodic tambu areas may be a sustainable strategy for customary resource use of Admiralty cuscus at low to medium harvest rates. We found periodic tambu management on Manus Island to be culturally dynamic with clans differing with respect to their purpose, adherence to tradition, and hybridisation with modern land governance practices. Given the past difficulties of imposing exogenous conservation systems in Papua New Guinea, we advocate greater exploration of the merits of endogenous systems such as periodic tambu areas.
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Hoover, Jamie D., Stephen J. Leisz, and Melinda E. Laituri. "Comparing and Combining Landsat Satellite Imagery and Participatory Data to Assess Land-Use and Land-Cover Changes in a Coastal Village in Papua New Guinea." Human Ecology 45, no. 2 (January 6, 2017): 251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10745-016-9878-x.
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Doaemo, Willie, Mirzi Betasolo, Jorge F. Montenegro, Silvia Pizzigoni, Anna Kvashuk, Pandara Valappil Femeena, and Midhun Mohan. "Evaluating the Impacts of Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors on Water Quality in the Bumbu River Watershed, Papua New Guinea." Water 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15030489.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Bumbu River Watershed is an essential source for the drinking and sanitation needs of settlement communities within Lae, Papua New Guinea. However, poor sanitation and waste management practices have led to concerns over the safety and integrity of the watershed’s resources. In this study, we explored the effect of these factors on water quality in the Bumbu river and its tributaries using water quality (22 sampling stations), geospatial (degree of urbanisation), and community survey (sanitation and hygiene practices) data. Water Quality Index (WQI) was calculated based on the Canadian Council of Ministers of Environment (CCME) template using pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), conductivity, turbidity, alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, total hardness, mercury, manganese, iron, and Escherichia coli. Using geospatial techniques, principal component analysis, and forward regression analysis, we found that better water quality outcomes coincided with better community health conditions of Crime and Pollution, and better household health outcomes. Land-use itself was not significantly correlated with water quality, but distressingly, we found 19 of 22 water samples to be of “poor” quality, indicating a need for better community water regulation. The methodology and results presented can be used to inform policy decisions at the provincial/national level, and to aid future research activities in other watersheds.
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Doaemo, Willie, Lawrence Wuest, Shaurya Bajaj, Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd Jaafar, and Midhun Mohan. "Analytical Protocol to Estimate the Relative Importance of Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors in Influencing Runoff Quality in the Bumbu Watershed, Papua New Guinea." Hydrology 7, no. 4 (October 14, 2020): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology7040077.
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The wellbeing, socio-economic viability and the associated health of the inhabitant species of any ecosystem are largely dependent on the quality of its water resources. In this regard, we developed a protocol to measure the potential impact of various environmental and anthropogenic factors on runoff quality at 22 water sampling sites across the Bumbu Watershed in Papua New Guinea. For this purpose, we utilized Digital Elevation Models and several GIS techniques for delineation of stream drainage patterns, classification of the watershed based on Land Use/Land Cover, spatial interpolation of rainfall patterns and computation of the corresponding factor runoff. Our study concludes that a variety of potential challenges to surface water quality are possible such as natural geologic and geochemical inputs, runoff accumulation of precipitation and organic matter pollutants. The developed protocol can also accommodate socio-economic factors such as community and household health, sanitation and hygiene practices, pollution and waste disposal. This research lays the foundation for further development of an all-inclusive correlational analysis between the relative importance values of the factors influencing runoff and spatially distributed water quality measurements in the Bumbu basin.
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Tan, Z. D., L. R. Carrasco, and D. Taylor. "Spatial correlates of forest and land fires in Indonesia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 29, no. 12 (2020): 1088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf20036.
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Biomass fires in Indonesia emit high levels of greenhouse gases and particulate matter, key contributors to global climate change and poor air quality in south-east Asia. In order to better understand the drivers of biomass fires across Indonesia over multiple years, we examined the distribution and probability of fires in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Papua (western New Guinea) over four entire calendar years (2002, 2005, 2011 and 2015). The 4 years of data represent years with El Niño and La Niña conditions and high levels of data availability in the study region. Generalised linear mixed-effects models and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to relate fire hotspots and a range of spatial predictor data. Geographic differences in occurrences of fire hotspots were evident. Fire probability was greatest in mixed-production agriculture lands and in deeper, degraded peatlands, suggesting anthropogenic activities were strong determinants of burning. Drought conditions in El Niño years were also significant. The results demonstrate the importance of prioritising areas of high fire probability, based on land use and other predisposing conditions, in effective fire management planning.
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Tan, Z. D., L. R. Carrasco, and D. Taylor. "Corrigendum to: Spatial correlates of forest and land fires in Indonesia." International Journal of Wildland Fire 30, no. 9 (2021): 732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf20036_co.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Biomass fires in Indonesia emit high levels of greenhouse gases and particulate matter, key contributors to global climate change and poor air quality in south-east Asia. In order to better understand the drivers of biomass fires across Indonesia over multiple years, we examined the distribution and probability of fires in Sumatra, Kalimantan (Indonesian Borneo) and Papua (western New Guinea) over four entire calendar years (2002, 2005, 2011 and 2015). The 4 years of data represent years with El Niño and La Niña conditions and high levels of data availability in the study region. Generalised linear mixed-effects models and zero-inflated negative binomial models were used to relate fire hotspots and a range of spatial predictor data. Geographic differences in occurrences of fire hotspots were evident. Fire probability was greatest in mixed-production agriculture lands and in deeper, degraded peatlands, suggesting anthropogenic activities were strong determinants of burning. Drought conditions in El Niño years were also significant. The results demonstrate the importance of prioritising areas of high fire probability, based on land use and other predisposing conditions, in effective fire management planning.
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Ubayasiri, Kasun. "Manus to Meanjin: A case study of refugee migration, polymorphic borders and Australian ‘imperialism’." Pacific Journalism Review : Te Koakoa 27, no. 1and2 (September 30, 2021): 269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v27i1and2.1198.
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This non-traditional research article argues that the refugee and asylum-seeker protests in Brisbane’s Kangaroo Point between April 2, 2020 and April 14, 2021 can be viewed against a backdrop of Australian colonialism—where successive Australian governments have used former colonies in Nauru and Manus Island in Papua New Guinea as offshore detention facilities—as a dumping ground for asylum-seekers. Within the same context this article argues that the men’s removal to the Kangaroo Point Alternative Place of Detention is a continuation of this colonial policy of incarcerating ‘undesirables’ on occupied land, in this case on Meanjin—Jagera land identified by the colonial name of Brisbane. This extension of Australian sub-imperial and neo-colonial dominion and the imagining of its boundaries is viewed though the theoretical prism of a polymorphic border, a border that shifts and morphs depending on who attempts to cross it. In a departure from orthodox research practice, this article will use visual storytelling drawn from photojournalism praxis alongside more traditional text-based research prose. In doing so, it will use photo-journalistic artifacts and the visual politics that surround them, as core dialogical components in the presentation of the article as opposed to using them as mere illustrations or props.
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Baynes, Jack, John Herbohn, Nestor Gregorio, William Unsworth, and Émilie Houde Tremblay. "Equity for Women and Marginalized Groups in Patriarchal Societies during Forest Landscape Restoration: The Controlling Influence of Tradition and Culture." Environmental Conservation 46, no. 03 (June 17, 2019): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892919000079.
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SummaryWe explore the difficulty of achieving equity for women in two forest and livelihood restoration (FLR) pilot projects, one each in Papua New Guinea (PNG) and the Philippines. We use institutional bricolage as a framework to explain the context and background of stakeholders’ decision-making and the consequent impact on equity and benefit distribution. In the Philippines, material and institutional support was initially successful in assisting participants to establish small-scale tree plantations. A structured approach to institutional development has successfully evolved to meet the needs of women, even though corruption has re-emerged as a destabilizing influence. In PNG, despite success in establishing trees and crops, the participation of women was subjugated to traditional customs and norms that precluded them from engaging in land management decisions. The capacity-building and gender-equity principles of FLR consequently became compromised. We conclude that in some patriarchal societies achieving equity for women will be difficult and progress will be contingent on a detailed understanding of the effects of traditional customs and norms on participation and decision-making.
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Sharma, A., and H. Miyazaki. "MULTI-HAZARD RISK ASSESSMENT IN URBAN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT USING AHP." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W8 (August 22, 2019): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w8-363-2019.
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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Many cities across the world are exposed to more than one hazards. Focus on only the most prominent natural hazards, or the most recent event can be dangerous, as many potential threats to urban development are not assessed. Even when multiple hazards in a given area is assessed, there is a lot of confusion on how to utilize hazard information in making decisions for urban land-use planning. This study is aimed to develop a method to utilize hazard maps in urban land-use decision making. The study has identified numerous applications of GIS-based multi-criteria decision model (MCDM) for land-use suitability evaluation. It has then tried to integrate multiple hazard maps, a product of multi-hazard risk assessment, into the model to generate suitability maps for further development. The used parameters were correlated using the Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP), one of the MCDM tool and incorporated into the GIS environment, with a comparison between the cases with- and without-hazard considerations. The application of the proposed method was tested for Madang Province, Papua New Guinea for four land-uses, i.e., residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural. The results of the model i.e., land-use suitability maps were spatially reflective of the model user’s decisions and understanding. This model gave considerable results for the urban development plan. Furthermore, comparison of the model outputs with and without hazard considerations led to notable differences. For example, almost 1% of the study area was rendered unsuitable for residential development in the assessment without hazard consideration. Besides, approximately 14% of the study area were assessed as suitable for without-hazard consideration but less suitable for with-hazard consideration. Since the hazard maps represented patterns and locations of natural hazards, our approach of incorporating them could help highlight the gaps in risk recognition with future development in hazardous areas.</p>
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Lembang, Hendricus. "POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN BADAN USAHA MILIK KAMPUNG SOTA, DISTRIK SOTA, KABUPATEN MERAUKE." Musamus Journal of Economics Development 1, no. 1 (October 18, 2018): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35724/feb.v1i1.1230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Base on the Village Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning Village, namely villages have the right, authority and obligation to regulate and manage their own government affairs and community interests based on their rights of origin and local customs. In this authority, the village provides services to the community and conducts community empowerment. Sota village is a border region with Papua New Guinea. The location of Kampung Sota is relatively close to the seafront of the city of Merauke, has a population of 1,270 in 2014 and the resources of forests, rivers and swamps. This research use Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) approach and SWOT analysis. The results of the study found: Strength Aspects namely 1). Raw materials are easily available, 2). Strategic business location, 3). Product prices begin to increase, 4). The products produced are export products, 5). Availability of Village Land, 6). Commitment from the village government. Weakness aspects are: 1). The lack of business capital, small production quantity, 2). Transportation for raw materials, 3). Unattractive packaging, 4). Cooperatives in the village are controlled by individuals / traditional leaders who control the local land. Opportunity Aspect namely 1). Products that have a prospective market share, 2). Production capacity can be reproduced, 3). Increased consumer needs and public awareness to use local products, 4). Development of technology and information, 5). Additional workforce. Threat aspects, namely: 1). Still depends on the rainy and dry seasons, 2). Increased bargaining position of raw material suppliers, 3). The emergence of new competitors, 4). Government regulations on National Parks. So that the type of potential business that can be developed is the management of eucalyptus oil. While the alternative business sector is tourism, clean water, nine basic commodities and arwana fish.
Keywords: Development, Village Owned Enterprises, prospective
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Baharuddin, Alfini, B. Hari Wibisono, Budi Prayitno, and M. Sani Roychansyah. "Influence of Geographical Conditions on the Spatial Structure of Jayapura City." Forum Geografi 30, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.23917/forgeo.v30i2.1766.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Jayapura City is situated in the eastern tip of Indonesia and borders the neighboring country Papua New Guinea (PNG). Its geographical conditions are very diverse dominated by hills leading to the formation of separated urban areas. Currently, there are two major urban areas, Jayapura and Abepura. Historically, Jayapura and Abepura were two old towns established in the Dutch rule, namely Hollandia Haven and Hollandia Binnen. They are detached by Skyline hills that hinder their complete physical merger. The presence of two separated urban areas in Jayapura City is also reinforced by the image perceived by the residents regarding with the powerful visual image of those cities. It however forms unique and distinctive properties in the spatial structure of Jayapura City. This study examines how the influence of geographical conditions on the spatial structre of Jayapura City. Data collection was done through direct observation and interviews with respondents of Jayapura and Abepura. Direct observation was conducted to obtain data on the use of land that form patterns in Jayapura City area. While collecting data through questionnaires conducted to determine the image of residents of Jayapura City on the spatial structure of the city. The results showed that the geographical conditions in Jayapura City affect the formation of two separate parts of the city. The geographical condition is also an element forming a strong spatial structure as a characteristic reinforces the visual impression of the existence of two cities in a “single city”.
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Sakellariadou, Fani, Francisco J. Gonzalez, James R. Hein, Blanca Rincón-Tomás, Nikolaos Arvanitidis, and Thomas Kuhn. "Seabed mining and blue growth: exploring the potential of marine mineral deposits as a sustainable source of rare earth elements (MaREEs) (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 94, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 329–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2021-0325.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The expected growth of the global economy and the projected rise in world population call for a greatly increased supply of materials critical for implementing clean technologies, such as rare earth elements (REEs) and other rare metals. Because the demand for critical metals is increasing and land-based mineral deposits are being depleted, seafloor resources are seen as the next frontier for mineral exploration and extraction. Marine mineral deposits with a great resource potential for transition, rare, and critical metals include mainly deep-sea mineral deposits, such as polymetallic sulfides, polymetallic nodules, cobalt-rich crusts, phosphorites, and rare earth element-rich muds. Major areas with economic interest for seabed mineral exploration and mining are the following: nodules in the Penrhyn Basin-Cook Islands Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), the Clarion–Clipperton nodule Zone, Peru Basin nodules, and the Central Indian Ocean Basin; seafloor massive sulfide deposits in the exclusive economic zones of Papua New Guinea, Japan, and New Zealand as well as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge and the three Indian Ocean spreading ridges; cobalt-rich crusts in the Pacific Prime Crust Zone and the Canary Islands Seamounts and the Rio Grande Rise in the Atlantic Ocean; and the rare earth element-rich deep-sea muds around Minamitorishima Island in the equatorial North Pacific. In addition, zones for marine phosphorites exploration are located in Chatham Rise, offshore Baja California, and on the shelf off Namibia. Moreover, shallow-water resources, like placer deposits, represent another marine source for many critical minerals, metals, and gems. The main concerns of deep-sea mining are related to its environmental impacts. Ecological impacts of rare earth element mining on deep-sea ecosystems are still poorly evaluated. Furthermore, marine mining may cause conflicts with various stakeholders such as fisheries, communications cable owners, offshore wind farms, and tourism. The global ocean is an immense source of food, energy, raw materials, clean water, and ecosystem services and suffers seriously by multiple stressors from anthropogenic sources. The development of a blue economy strategy needs a better knowledge of the environmental impacts. By protecting vulnerable areas, applying new technologies for deep-sea mineral exploration and mining, marine spatial planning, and a regulatory framework for minerals extraction, we may achieve sustainable management and use of our oceans.
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Samderubun, Godefridus, Ransta Lekatompessy, Apolus Betaubun, and David Layan. "Maklews Etnic Woman’s Participation on Environmental Management." E3S Web of Conferences 73 (2018): 03013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187303013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Woman have strong links with the environmental. In his role as manager of the household, they are more interacting with the environmental and natural recousces.The efforts were made by Maklew’s Woman with cultivated an attitude of assistance and keep maintain their environmental. So the worked together in their culture like kayau in their countryside stil remained until now. But effort of Maklew’s woman to keep maintained the local wisdom “kayau” for environmental management, there has challenges. One of the interesting things to be examined is that of the management of the environment and resources. Maklew is the tribe with a practice of very strong patriarchy. The position of women in Maklew etnic is assumed as “second person”. Specifically in the culture ofetnic maklew, the position of women is considered very important. Women and the land are symbolized as the origin and the source of life, as the giver of life. The study of Maklw’s Womans Participation for environmental management use the feminism and ecofeminism theory and exchanged theory where there are several indicators related by Kayau as a local wisdom to environmental management. The indicators or prepositions are role of division, acces of control and decision making making with kayau perpective. This research was carried out in Wasur village, which is one of villages with the population of indigenous of Marind, located in Merauke, bordering Papua New Guinea. This research includes of qualitative and descriptive approach. Statistic collected is done by observation method, intervieuw using snowball sampling method. Data analysis in this research by descriptive analisys. As the result in the research showing that Maklew’s Woman in participation on environmental management in Wasue Village still strong and kept well. There was show from mutual cooperation from Maklew’s woman on environmental management with Kayau that still continues. All the people especially Maklew’s Woman still kept the local wisdom Kayau in their environmental management activity.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 163, no. 1 (2008): 134–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003683.
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Michele Stephen; Desire, divine and demonic; Balinese mysticism in the paintings of I Ketut Budiana and I Gusti Nyoman Mirdiana (Andrea Acri) John Lynch (ed.); Issues in Austronesian historical phonology (Alexander Adelaar) Alfred W. McCoy; The politics of heroin; CIA complicity in the global drug trade (Greg Bankoff) Anthony Reid; An Indonesian frontier; Acehnese and other histories of Sumatra (Timothy P. Barnard) John G. Butcher; The closing of the frontier; A history of the maritime fisheries of Southeast Asia c. 1850-2000 (Peter Boomgaard) Francis Loh Kok Wah, Joakim Öjendal (eds); Southeast Asian responses to globalization; Restructuring governance and deepening democracy (Alexander Claver) I Wayan Arka; Balinese morpho-syntax: a lexical-functional approach (Adrian Clynes) Zaharani Ahmad; The phonology-morphology interface in Malay; An optimality theoretic account (Abigail C. Cohn) Michael C. Ewing; Grammar and inference in conversation; Identifying clause structure in spoken Javanese (Aone van Engelenhoven) Helen Creese; Women of the kakawin world; Marriage and sexuality in the Indic courts of Java and Bali (Amrit Gomperts) Ming Govaars; Dutch colonial education; The Chinese experience in Indonesia, 1900-1942 (Kees Groeneboer) Ernst van Veen, Leonard Blussé (eds); Rivalry and conflict; European traders and Asian trading networks in the 16th and 17th centuries (Hans Hägerdal) Holger Jebens; Pathways to heaven; Contesting mainline and fundamentalist Christianity in Papua New Guinea (Menno Hekker) Ota Atsushi; Changes of regime and social dynamics in West Java; Society, state and the outer world of Banten, 1750-1830 (Mason C. Hoadley) Richard McMillan; The British occupation of Indonesia 1945-1946; Britain, the Netherlands and the Indonesian Revolution (Russell Jones) H.Th. Bussemaker; Bersiap! Opstand in het paradijs; De Bersiapperiode op Java en Sumatra 1945-1946 (Russell Jones) Michael Heppell; Limbang anak Melaka and Enyan anak Usen, Iban art; Sexual selection and severed heads: weaving, sculpture, tattooing and other arts of the Iban of Borneo (Viktor T. King) John Roosa; Pretext for mass murder; The September 30th Movement and Suharto’s coup d’état in Indonesia (Gerry van Klinken) Vladimir Braginsky; The heritage of traditional Malay literature; A historical survey of genres, writings and literary views (Dick van der Meij) Joel Robbins, Holly Wardlow (eds); The making of global and local modernities in Melanesia; Humiliation, transformation and the nature of cultural change (Toon van Meijl) Kwee Hui Kian; The political economy of Java’s northeast coast c. 1740-1800; Elite synergy (Luc Nagtegaal) Charles A. Coppel (ed.); Violent conflicts in Indonesia; Analysis, representation, resolution (Gerben Nooteboom) Tom Therik; Wehali: the female land; Traditions of a Timorese ritual centre (Dianne van Oosterhout) Patricio N. Abinales, Donna J. Amoroso; State and society in the Philippines (Portia L. Reyes) Han ten Brummelhuis; King of the waters; Homan van der Heide and the origin of modern irrigation in Siam (Jeroen Rikkerink) Hotze Lont; Juggling money; Financial self-help organizations and social security in Yogyakarta (Dirk Steinwand) Henk Maier; We are playing relatives; A survey of Malay writing (Maya Sutedja-Liem) Hjorleifur Jonsson; Mien relations; Mountain people and state control in Thailand (Nicholas Tapp) Lee Hock Guan (ed.); Civil society in Southeast Asia (Bryan S. Turner) Jan Mrázek; Phenomenology of a puppet theatre; Contemplations on the art of Javanese wayang kulit (Sarah Weiss) Janet Steele; Wars within; The story of Tempo, an independent magazine in Soeharto’s Indonesia (Robert Wessing) REVIEW ESSAY Sean Turnell; Burma today Kyaw Yin Hlaing, Robert Taylor, Tin Maung Maung Than (eds); Myanmar; Beyond politics to societal imperatives Monique Skidmore (ed.); Burma at the turn of the 21st century Mya Than; Myanmar in ASEAN In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde no. 163 (2007) no: 1, Leiden
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"UNINTENDED PREGNANCY AND FAMILY PLANNING USE AMONG ANTENATAL ATTENDEES IN EAST NEW BRITAIN, PAPUA NEW GUINEA." Internal Medicine Journal 49, S3 (May 2019): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imj.5_14298.
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MARSDEN, STUART J., JOHN D. PILGRIM, and ROGER WILKINSON. "Status, abundance and habitat use of Blue-eyed Cockatoo Cacatua ophthalmica on New Britain, Papua New Guinea." Bird Conservation International 11, no. 03 (September 2001). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270901000247.
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