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1
Sredinskaya, Natalia. "To the History of International Law: the Property Rights of the Citizens of Local Centres of Italy in the 14th and 15th Centuries in Foreign Territory." ISTORIYA 12, no. 9 (107) (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840017155-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper considers what the archival material of the 14th and 15th centuries can tell us about this question: how and to what extent the rights of the inhabitants of certain northern Italian cities (Ferrara, Cremona, Padua and Venice) were protected if their property was located in foreign territory and/or their property interests could be restricted by the power structures of another Italian centre. The first problem concerned the property of the Church. A study of the documentary material shows that one way of preserving the property of the Church on foreign territory, despite the increasing tendency of secular rulers to seize church lands, was to place it in possession of the local population on a secure basis - emphyteusis, livelles, or other type of long-term use. The second problem was enforcing the contracts, i.e. suing the party which had not fulfilled or improperly fulfilled their terms if the infringer was on foreign soil. The records show that this was most probably enshrined in agreements between the Italian city-states and was incorporated by means of a special formula in the treaties. The third problem was related to the property rights of the inhabitants of medieval Italy, whose real estate, together with the territory in which it was situated, passed under the jurisdiction of another ruler. A study of the lettere ducali shows that such legal relations were based on treaties between the rulers of Italian territorial states and became the subject of diplomatic correspondence
2
Zudilin, Sergey, and Alyona Konakova. "Environmental Problems of Agricultural Land Use in the Samara Region." Baltic Surveying 10 (June 1, 2019): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/j.balticsurveying.2019.010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The zones of ecological trouble cover about 15% of the territory of Russia, where the main production capacities and the most productive agricultural lands are concentrated. The Samara region is characterized by a distinct natural zonality from a typical forest-steppe in the North with a forest cover close to 30%, to an open dry steppe in the South with a natural forest cover of only 0.1...0.2%. The article presents an analysis of land use in the Samara region on the example of the Borsky municipal district. Research methods include environmental analysis and statistical data analysis.The article presents an analysis of the land use of the Borskiy municipal district. During zoning, the territory of the district is divided into the northern, central and southern parts. Assessment of environmental and economic parameters showed heterogeneity of the territory and the need for detailed consideration of climatic, soil, economic conditions in the design of landscape optimization systems, even in the municipal area. In general, the district's land fund experiences an average anthropogenic load, the ecological stability of the territory as a whole is characterized as unstable stable. In comparison with other areas of the Central MES, the municipal Borskiy district belongs to the category with an average ecological intensity with a stabilization index of 0.59 units due to the beneficial influence of the Buzuluksky area.
3
Lee, K. S. Kylie, Alan R. Clough, and Katherine M. Conigrave. "High levels of cannabis use persist in Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory." Medical Journal of Australia 187, no. 10 (November 2007): 594–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2007.tb01428.x.
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Woinarski, J. C. Z., C. Hempel, I. Cowie, K. Brennan, R. Kerrigan, G. Leach, and J. Russell-Smith. "Distributional pattern of plant species endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 54, no. 7 (2006): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt05041.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The distributions of the 567 plant species considered to be endemic to the Northern Territory, Australia, were collated from a distributional database comprising about 600 000 records. Endemic species comprise a non-random taxonomic subset of all plants known from the Northern Territory. Because of substantial geographic disparity in collecting effort, we analysed geographic patterning of these endemic species by using both (1) actual records only and (2) interpolated ranges (minimum convex polygons). The geographic distribution of the number of Northern Territory endemic plant species was well predicted by a measure of topographic complexity and climate (particularly rainfall). The observed distributional patterning of endemic species was also influenced by survey effort, but this latter influence was substantially reduced by the use of minimum convex polygons. Both analyses revealed that there was a clear aggregation of endemic species in the 32 000 km2 of the sandstone plateau of western Arnhem Land. This ‘hotspot’ has been previously recognised in coarser-scale assessments of national and international centres of plant biodiversity. Our analysis concluded that 172 species are restricted to this plateau, and that the plateau comprised at least 90% of the distribution of a further 25 species. More broadly, 438 plant species are endemic to the northern part of the Northern Territory (the 316 000 km2 north of 16°S), a level of endemism that may match that of Cape York Peninsula and surpasses that of the Kimberley. The core area for Northern Territory endemic plants, the plateau of western Arnhem Land, is currently threatened, particularly by unfavourable fire regimes.
5
Lee, K. S. Kylie, Alan R. Clough, Muriel J. Jaragba, Katherine M. Conigrave, and George C. Patton. "Heavy cannabis use and depressive symptoms in three Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory." Medical Journal of Australia 188, no. 10 (May 2008): 605–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01803.x.
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6
Guarderas, Paulina, Franz Smith, and Marc Dufrene. "Land use and land cover change in a tropical mountain landscape of northern Ecuador: Altitudinal patterns and driving forces." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 27, 2022): e0260191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260191.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tropical mountain ecosystems are threatened by land use pressures, compromising their capacity to provide ecosystem services. Although local patterns and interactions among anthropogenic and biophysical factors shape these socio-ecological systems, the analysis of landscape changes and their driving forces is often qualitative and sector oriented. Using the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) framework, we characterized land use land cover (LULC) dynamics using Markov chain probabilities by elevation and geographic settings and then integrated them with a variety of publicly available geospatial and temporal data into a Generalized Additive Model (GAM) to evaluate factors driving such landscape dynamics in a sensitive region of the northern Ecuadorian Andes. In previous agricultural land located at lower elevations to the east of the studied territory, we found a significant expansion of floriculture (13 times) and urban areas (25 times), reaching together almost 10% of the territory from 1990 to 2014. Our findings also revealed an unexpected trend of páramo stability (0.75–0.90), but also a 40% reduction of montane forests, with the lowest probability (<0.50) of persistence in the elevation band of 2800–3300 m; agricultural land is replacing this LULC classes at higher elevation. These trends highlight the increasing threat of permanently losing the already vulnerable native mountain biodiversity. GAMs of socio-economic factors, demographic, infrastructure variables, and environmental parameters explained between 21 to 42% of the variation of LULC transitions observed in the study region, where topographic factors was the main drivers of change. The conceptual and methodological approach of our findings demonstrate how dynamic patterns through space and time and their explanatory drivers can assist local authorities and decision makers to improve sustainable resource land management in vulnerable landscapes such as the tropical Andes in northern Ecuador.
7
Puig, C. J., R. Greiner, C. Huchery, I. Perkins, L. Bowen, N. Collier, and S. T. Garnett. "Beyond cattle: potential futures of the pastoral industry in the Northern Territory." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 2 (2011): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj10043.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The pastoral industry of the Northern Territory faces a suite of environmental and economic challenges associated with, inter alia, export markets, costs of production, climate change, change in government policies, and potential cattle diseases. A participatory planning process was adopted by the industry’s principal representative body, the Northern Territory Cattlemen’s Association to explore the complexity and extent of possible impacts on the industry, and to initiate conversations about anticipating potential futures. The process was facilitated by a system dynamics model, named the Pastoral Properties Future Simulator (PPFS). The PPFS combined a systems modelling approach of the pastoral industry with scenario explorations to gauge the likely impacts on, and possible industry adaptations to, beef price variation, productivity improvements, diversification of land use, climate change, climate policy and employment. The PPFS was used as an interactive tool during stakeholder workshops and results underpinned discussions about impacts and adaptation strategies. Land use and enterprise diversification emerged as key strategies for building enterprise and industry resilience, but with regionally diverging emphasis. The research illustrates the benefits of applied systems dynamic modelling for participatory strategic planning in the face of an uncertain future. The PPFS helped industry members and stakeholders understand the complexity of drivers affecting the industry’s future, risk profiles, possible adaptation strategies and trade-offs.
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Ganf, George G., and Naomi Rea. "Potential for algal blooms in tropical rivers of the Northern Territory, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 58, no. 4 (2007): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf06161.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rivers in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia are under pressure from increasing vegetation clearance, land use and nutrient run-off. The literature on algal blooms clearly identifies the predisposing factors but in the NT, these factors are not well researched. We report on the potential for tropical rivers to experience problems related to algal growth. NT rivers were found to have a low nutrient status and a viable inoculum of blue-green, brown and green algal communities. The growth response of these algal groups to nutrient enrichment via bioassays and pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry measurements varied among rivers and the addition of N, P or N&P. However, the overwhelming findings were that all rivers had the potential to experience algal blooms with enrichment. Back-calculations based on the chlorophyll concentrations recorded in bioassay experiments and stoichiometric ratios of chlorophyll:nutrients suggest there are pools of biologically available organic forms of N and P in addition to inorganic forms. The role of river length in the development of algal blooms was investigated: the longer the river reach, the slower the flow, and the greater the availability of nutrients, the higher potential for algal blooms. Given the strong indications that increased nutrient run-off to tropical rivers will result in algal blooms, prudent land-use and development with nutrient management strategies is essential.
9
Woinarski, J. C. Z., B. Rankmore, B. Hill, A. D. Griffiths, A. Stewart, and B. Grace. "Fauna assemblages in regrowth vegetation in tropical open forests of the Northern Territory, Australia." Wildlife Research 36, no. 8 (2009): 675. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Context. World-wide, primary forest is in decline. This places increasing importance on understanding the use by biodiversity of regrowth (secondary) forest, and on the management of such regrowth. Aims. This study aimed to compare the terrestrial vertebrate assemblages in tropical eucalypt forests, regrowth in these forests (following clearing for pastoral intensification) and cleared land without regrowth, to provide evidence for developing management guidelines for regrowth vegetation in a region (the Daly catchment of the Northern Territory) subject to increasing demands for land-use intensification. Methods. The terrestrial vertebrate fauna was surveyed consistently at 43 quadrats sampling forest, 38 sampling regrowth and 19 sampling cleared land (formerly forest), and the faunal composition was compared with ordination and analysis of variance. Further analysis used generalised linear modelling to include consideration of the relative importance of disturbance (condition) of quadrats. Key results. Faunal assemblages in regrowth vegetation were found to be intermediate between cleared land and intact forest, and converged towards the faunal assemblage typical of intact forest with increase in the canopy height of the regrowth. However, even the tallest regrowth quadrats that were sampled supported relatively few hollow-associated species. The management of fire, weeds and grazing pressure substantially affected the faunal assemblages of the set of regrowth and intact forest quadrats, in many cases being a more important determinant of faunal attributes than was whether or not the quadrat had been cleared. Conclusions. In this region, regrowth vegetation has value as habitat for fauna, with this value increasing as the regrowth structure increases. The convergence of the faunal composition of regrowth vegetation to that of intact forest may be substantially affected by post-clearing management factors (including fire regime and level of grazing pressure and weed infestation). Implications. Regrowth vegetation should be afforded appropriate regulatory protection, with the level of protection increasing as the regrowth increases in stature.
10
Peterson, Nicolas. "Legislating for Land Rights in Australia." Practicing Anthropology 23, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.23.1.1rp8324376861j67.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A commitment in applied anthropological policy work to maximising cultural appropriateness or even to supporting what indigenous people say they want is not always possible. This proved to be the case in connection with formulating recommendations for land rights legislation in Australia's Northern Territory. Until 1992 the only rights in land that Aboriginal people had as the original occupiers of the continent were statutory (that is, through acts of state and federal parliaments). No treaties were signed with Aboriginal people and until that date the continent was treated as terra nullius, unowned, at the time of colonisation in 1788. From early on in the history of European colonisation, however, areas of land had been set aside for the use and benefit of Aboriginal people. These reserves were held by the government, or by one of a number of religious bodies that ministered to Aboriginal people, usually supported by government funding. Beginning with South Australia in 1966 all of the states, except Tasmania, have passed legislation that gives varying degrees of control of these reserves to land trusts governed by Aboriginal people. Each of these pieces of legislation had/have different shortcomings which included some or all of the following: the total area that had been reserved was small; the powers granted over the land were limited; the majority of the Aboriginal population did not benefit from the legislation; and none of them addressed the issue of self-determination. In 1973 a Royal Commission into Aboriginal Land Rights, with a single Commissioner, Mr. Justice Woodward, was established by the newly elected Federal Labor government, the first in 23 years. It was planned that it would deal with the continent but that it would begin by focusing on the Northern Territory which until 1978 was administered by the Federal government. At the time there were 25,300 Aboriginal people in the Territory making up 25% of the population.
11
Woinarski, J. C. Z., K. Brennan, I. Cowie, A. Fisher, P. K. Latz, and J. Russell-Smith. "Vegetation of the Wessel and English Company Islands, North-eastern Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia." Australian Journal of Botany 48, no. 1 (2000): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt98037.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vegetation patterning is described for two neighbouring continental island chains off Arnhem Land, Australia. A total of 684 species was recorded from 57 islands, with reasonably comprehensive lists for 36 of these islands. Almost 90% of the deviance in plant species richness was associated with island size. The richness of plants dispersed by sea and/or vertebrates was proportionally greater on small islands; that of relatively poor dispersers was greater on larger islands. Twelve vegetation communities were defined by classification of plant species composition in 226 50 × 50-m quadrats. There was no relationship between island size and species richness at the quadrat level, at least for the most extensive vegetation types. The vegetation of the islands is now composed of two main elements—an original set of communities (mostly of heath, tussock grassland and eucalypt open forest) whose species have poor inter-island dispersal, and a set of more recent colonists (mostly of strand, mangrove and coastal thicket communities). The former group is allied to the sandstone flora of western Arnhem Land, but is species-poor in comparison, as the islands lack the deep gorges which drive much of the species richness of western Arnhem Land. The latter group comprises many species with a broad geographic range across tropical coastal areas, including many species which have been shown elsewhere to be highly vagile. Many species of the former set appear to have been lost from the smaller islands. The island flora has been influenced by three sets of human managers. Aboriginal use of the islands has been long-standing and probably resulted in a fire regime which may have accentuated environmental patchiness. Centuries of wet-season use of some islands by Macassan trepang-harvesters, ending early this century, has apparently left few effects other than the persistence of occasional small populations of an introduced food tree. In contrast, European use of these islands has been minimal and fleeting, but is associated with the introduction of most weeds.
12
Bortolussi, G., J. G. McIvor, J. J. Hodgkinson, S. G. Coffey, and C. R. Holmes. "The northern Australian beef industry, a snapshot. 5. Land and pasture development practices." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 45, no. 9 (2005): 1121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The land and pasture development practices of 375 northern Australian beef properties in 8 regions were surveyed during 1996–97. These properties represented a broad cross-section of the beef industry in terms of geographical location, enterprise and herd size, and ownership structures. Both tree clearing and killing were more common in Queensland than in the Northern Territory or northern Western Australia. In all regions where trees were poisoned, native pasture was more widely used than sowing introduced grass and/or legume species. In contrast, tree clearing was most often accompanied by sowing pastures (either an introduced grass only or introduced grass and legume species together), rather than using native pastures. Central coastal Queensland had the highest use of poisoning trees for pasture development. Tree clearing and using native pasture was most important in central Queensland regions and the Maranoa South West. Sowing introduced pasture species under live trees was more commonly practiced in northern Queensland, the Northern Territory and northern Western Australia than in other regions. A considerable number of introduced grass and legume species were sown by producers. Most of the sown species were grasses. Many of the sown grass and legume species were spreading naturally. Buffel grass was spreading in all areas with < 1000 mm average annual rainfall, but most sown species were spreading only in wetter regions. Stylosanthes spp. were the most commonly spreading legume species in regions with > 500 mm average annual rainfall. The results are discussed in relation to contemporary natural resource management issues and how this may affect land and pasture development activities in the future.
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Novikov, A. V. "Land Tenure Planning in Order to Develop Territories of Traditional Natural Resource Use: Experience of Canada." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-4-169-179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article studies issues of land tenure planning for implementation of projects aimed at industrial development of the Arctic. Using the example of Northern provinces of Canada it shows evolution of land tenure strategic planning, analyzes its role in social and economic development of the territory. It is shown that involvement of aboriginal people of the North in the process of planning the use of land, forest and other natural resources can lower conflicts among land users, mining companies and the local population, protect territories of traditional land tenure in places of residence and traditional natural resource use of aborigine people and create necessary conditions for the development of traditional types of activity and sustainable space development of the Arctic. Canadian experience of land tenure planning in development of Arctic territories in the area of aboriginal people residence can be used in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation to balance interests of concerned parties, i.e. local bodies of power, business and aboriginal people of the North.
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Walton, Nerissa, Hilary Smith, Luke Bowen, Paul Mitchell, Emma Pethybridge, Tracey Hayes, and Michael O'Ryan. "Opportunities for fire and carbon on pastoral properties in the savanna rangelands: perspectives from the Indigenous Land Corporation and the Northern Territory Cattlemen's Association." Rangeland Journal 36, no. 4 (2014): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj14025.
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Understanding both the carbon dynamics within Australia’s northern savannas and the opportunities presented through diversification into carbon markets is of relevance to pastoral land managers both in Australia and globally. The Indigenous Land Corporation (ILC), through its role in assisting Indigenous people to acquire and manage land for cultural, social, environmental and economic benefits, has operated in the carbon market and is keen to continue working with its partners to explore the opportunities to develop and broaden this further. The Northern Territory Cattlemen’s Association, as the major industry body for the pastoral industry in the Northern Territory, has been actively involved in assessing the opportunities which may be presented through greenhouse gas abatement where these are compatible with sound resource and economic management. In recent years, Australian governments have considered and developed diversified carbon abatement opportunities for farmers, particularly through the Carbon Farming Initiative (CFI). Australian Carbon Credit Units generated through the CFI can contribute to meeting Australia’s commitments under international agreements to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The opportunity for economic diversification into carbon farming on marginal land where the primary land use is pastoralism is of particular interest, particularly where it can lead to strengthened economic returns, jobs and other benefits for Indigenous people. Lessons learnt from the ILC’s Fish River Fire Project demonstrate the potential, but also emphasise the need for further research into the practicalities of introducing carbon projects into predominantly pastoral landscapes in Australia and internationally. It is suggested that several issues require further assessment by pastoralists who may be considering engaging in the CFI or other carbon markets.
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Vavrouchová, Hana, and František Toman. "Landscape dynamics in the Brno’s surrounding between 2001 and 2011." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 5 (2013): 1451–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361051451.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In surroundings of the larger cities there are possible to observe one of the symptoms of today’s postmodern society – suburbanized surface. A number of primary and secondary negative effects of this process are undisputed. To identify these influences in specific locality, analyze of structural and functional changes of territory are appropriate to make first. Spatial indicators are a suitable analytical tool for the synthetic evaluation of these changes. The indicators are simple and able to document the changes within land use categories in the time period, to identify just those categories with the most significant transformations and to objectify the main landscape processes. In frame of the suburbanization, Brno’s agglomeration is polarized (northern and southern part with individual development) with redistribution of dominant functions (residential and commercial). To rationalize land use and to balance the spatial disparities by planning tools, it is just this specific phenomenon which is detailed analyzed by these indicators (with emphasis on the period between 2000 and 2011) and on their basis are derived recommendations for strategic development. The greatest changes recorded in the studied territory relate to agricultural land resources. Should we take into account the surveyed territory as a whole, the loss of arable land between the years 2001 and 2011 was ca. 1% and the proportion of built-up area increased by about the same.
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Demina, A. D. "STONES, SEA AND BARROWS: SCYTHIAN TIME SITES IN THE LANDSCAPE OF NORTHERN AZOV COAST." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 26, no. 1 (March 25, 2018): 169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2018.01.09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Herodotus described the land to the north of the Maeotian lake as a place where the royal Scythian tribes lived. Today, the northern coast of the Azov sea is most commonly associated with this land. However, even though nomadic barrows have been excavated there for more than a century, this region remains the blind spot on the archaeological map of European Scythia, in the comparison to the neighboring sites in the Dnieper and Don basins. Only the «elite» Scythian burial sites, such as Melitopol kurgan, Bierdiansk kurgan and Dvohorba mohyla have been analyzed in the broader context of nomadic burial practices. To address this gap, I have made a closer examination of 117 barrows with 160 burials of Scythian time in this region. In particular, I focused on whether the distinctive features of the local landscape correlate to the burial construction patterns. The sites, included in this research, are located within the 60 km area to the north of coastline. The latitudinal extend of this area is approximately 380 km. In addition, several sites, such as Tokmak barrows and Perederieva mohyla, which are not located in the Azov littoral, but in the upstream basins of coastal rivers are surveyed as well. This territory is divided in several geographic zones, though the high-cliffed Donets ridge and Azov Upland along with flat lowlands of Black Sea and Azov sea occupy the largest part of it. Considering the size and diversity of the territory, the claim of studying some common landscape characteristics seems to be problematic. However, this study shows that land use strategies have reflected in (1) the pattern and frequency of stone constructions, (2) the use of marine eelgrass as architectural material and (3) the arrangement of sites in regard to the bronze age barrows. This analysis contributes to the understanding of regional differentiation of burial sites and land use characteristics in Scythian time.
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Clotuche, Raphaël. "The Scheldt Valley Commercial Activity Zone: 350 Hectares of the Gallo-Roman Landscape." Britannia 40 (November 2009): 41–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3815/006811309789785774.
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ABSTRACTThe research undertaken on the Scheldt Valley Commercial Activity Zone was the frst large-scale excavation in the Valenciennes region (northern France), permitting an insight into the organization of a large territory. It has yielded a great wealth of data on land use and settlement and it forms a key point of reference for any future research within the region for each of the studied periods. The article discusses the characteristics of the occupation of the territory, allowing the development of new models for the occupation, structure, and management of the land and the institution of settlements and their related material culture. It argues for a Roman-indigenous land cadaster, until now not observed for this part of Roman France. The different enclosures and their internal organization are described (buildings, wells, ponds, an artisanal zone, a road system, and a burial zone), showing the persistence of numerous protohistoric sites into Roman times, which is explained by the continuity of the agricultural system and a voluntary integration into a Roman administration. The Onnaing-Scheldt Valley demonstrates the importance of large-scale excavations for the understanding of land use.
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Head, L. "Aborigines and Pastoralism in North-Western Australia: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives on Multiple Use of the Rangelands." Rangeland Journal 16, no. 2 (1994): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9940167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I examine aspects of land-use in the north-west Northern Territory by Aboriginal hunter-gatherers and white pastoralists since the early twentieth century. A case study of Legune Station and Marralam Outstation highlights issues of general relevance to those areas of rangelands where pastoralism and huntinglgathering coexist and compete. The historical record indicates that, contrary to widely held views, many aspects of Aboriginal relations to land were maintained throughout the pastoral period. In effect, multiple use has been a reality since contact, and in the wake of the Mabo debate will continue to be an issue for the next century. I argue that policy and bureaucratic frameworks, both past and present, fail to deal with this cross-cultural reality. There are both ethical imperatives and land management advantages in recognising Aborigines as stakeholders in decisions about the future of the rangelands.
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Pogorelov, Anatoly, Dmitry Lipilin, and Evgeny Kiselev. "Changes in the hydrographic characteristics of rivers in steppe agrolandscapes over the past decades (on the example of the Beysug river, Krasnodar territory)." InterCarto. InterGIS 27, no. 4 (2021): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2021-4-27-19-32.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the Krasnodar territory, agricultural land occupies 62 % of the territory; of which 79 % is arable land. Most of the agricultural land is located on the Azov-Kuban Plain in the northern part of the region in the steppe river basins. The basin of the Beysug river with an area of about 6,000 km2, in terms of its geographical characteristics, should be attributed to representative basins from the standpoint of the modern dynamics of agricultural landscapes and transformations of the river network. The article analyzes the changes in the steppe agricultural landscapes in the Beysug river basin for the period 1999–2020 in terms of changes in the structure of land use and hydrographic characteristics, based on the data of satellite images. The transformation of agrolandscapes is accompanied by redevelopment of the territory, massive construction of dams on rivers, violation of the conditions of natural drainage, which leads to the restructuring of water exchange processes in river basins. Changes in water exchange processes under semi-arid conditions can be sensitive to local landscapes and agriculture. Until now, insufficient attention has been paid to the hydrological aspects of the transformation of steppe landscapes. According to the DEM ASTER GDEM, 15 river basins were identified with the subsequent determination of land use types on the surface of the basins. In each of the basins, a land use structure has been established, which directly affects the hydrographic indicators, and a decrease in the length of watercourses and the density of the river network has been revealed. Over the past 20 years, in the studied basins, the total length of watercourses due to plowing and redevelopment of the surface has decreased by 8–37 %, and in general in the Beysug river basin—by 469 km.
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Fletcher, Robert J., and Rolf R. Koford. "Spatial Responses of Bobolinks (Dolichonyx Oryzivorus) Near Different Types of Edges in Northern Iowa." Auk 120, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/auk/120.3.799.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Habitat edges are well-studied components of fragmented landscapes, yet factors mediating edge effects remain unclear. We report how different types of edges surrounding patches may affect spatial distributions of Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus), a declining, area-sensitive songbird that breeds in grasslands. We expected Bobolinks to be less abundant near edges, and we investigated a set of alternative hypotheses for explaining that spatial pattern: (1) passive displacement, in which individuals do not avoid edges but use edges as boundaries for territories; (2) habitat gradients, in which individuals respond to habitat structure gradients near edges; (3) territory size, in which size of territories increases near edges; and (4) active avoidance, in which individuals actively avoid edges by positioning territory boundaries away from edges. To examine those hypotheses, we surveyed Bobolinks in grassland habitats near 34 edges of three different edge types (agriculture, road, and woodland) in northern Iowa, 1999–2000. Bobolink density was lower near woodland edges than near other edge types, and density increased as a function of distance from edge for all edge types. There was no evidence for a habitat gradient close to edges, but there was some evidence for habitat structure differing among edge types. Territory size increased near roads, decreased near woodlands, but did not change near agricultural edges. Territory positioning was consistent with active avoidance near woodland edges, and to a lesser extent road edges, but positioning was only consistent with passive displacement near agriculture edges. We conclude that land use surrounding patches can have variable effects on territorial dynamics and habitat use of this area-sensitive species. Linking edge avoidance with fitness is needed to understand the demographic consequences of those responses for species in fragmented landscapes.
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Schoolman, Edward M., Scott Mensing, and Gianluca Piovesan. "Land Use and the Human Impact on the Environment in Medieval Italy." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 49, no. 3 (November 2018): 419–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_01303.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern narratives about changes in the Italian landscape during the early Middle Ages have often been based on assumptions about changing demography; the loss and replacement of complex Roman economic, political and agricultural systems; and broader changes in climate. Using fossil pollen taken from lake cores in the Rieti basin to reconstruct local ecological conditions, close examinations of two discreet periods offer new insights into the changes from small-scale agriculture to silvo-pastoralism that began during the late sixth and early seventh centuries. The deforestation of the ninth century, accompanied by an increase in cultivation, was the result of a long-term accumulation of territory under monastic control. The fact that these changes in the landscape run counter to the prevailing climatic conditions underscores the success of human management of the environment.
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Ceppi, Alessandro, Enrico Gambini, Gabriele Lombardi, Giovanni Ravazzani, and Marco Mancini. "SOL40: Forty Years of Simulations under Climate and Land Use Change." Water 14, no. 6 (March 8, 2022): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14060837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays, a major issue is land-use change by urban development that alters the catchment response to meteorological events. Urban basins have less storage capacity and more rapid runoff, so urban rivers rise more quickly during storms and have higher peak discharge rates than rural catchments. An exemplary case of this situation is the city of Milan (northern Italy) and its whole territory that extends towards the north collecting meteoric precipitation through the Seveso, Olona and Lambro (SOL) rivers. To assess the impact of anthropogenic development on urban catchment scale hydrology, a reanalysis of 40 years of simulations was carried out with the Curve Number (CN) map based on current land use and compared to simulations using the CN maps based on past land use. A coupled hydro-meteorological system was built that combined a physically based rainfall-runoff hydrological model FEST-WB, developed by the Politecnico di Milano, with the ERA5-Land hourly dataset for the period 1981 to 2020, that was provided by the ECMWF under the framework of the Copernicus Climate Change Service Programme. The study (named SOL40) analyses 40 year trends in the main meteorological (air temperature, precipitation) and hydrological variables (runoff) over the SOL area and tried to quantify and separate the impact of land use change from that of climate change.
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Clough, Alan R., Peter D'abbs, Sheree Cairney, Dennis Gray, Paul Maruff, Robert Parker, and Bridie O'reilly. "Adverse Mental Health Effects of Cannabis Use in Two Indigenous Communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory, Australia: Exploratory Study." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 7 (July 2005): 612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01634.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: We investigated adverse mental health effects and their associations with levels of cannabis use among indigenous Australian cannabis users in remote communities in the Northern Territory. Method: Local indigenous health workers and key informants assisted in developing 28 criteria describing mental health symptoms. Five symptom clusters were identified using cluster analysis of data compiled from interviews with 103 cannabis users. Agreement was assessed (method comparison approach, κ-statistic) with a clinician's classification of the 28 criteria into five groups labelled: ‘anxiety’, ‘dependency’, ‘mood’, ‘vegetative’ and ‘psychosis’. Participants were described as showing ‘anxiety’, ‘dependency’ etc., if they reported half or more of the symptoms comprising the cluster. Associations between participants' self-reported cannabis use and each symptom cluster were assessed (logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, other substance use). Results: Agreement between two classifications of 28 criteria into five groups was ‘moderate’ (64%, κ=0.55, p<0.001). When five clusters were combined into three, ‘anxietydependency’, ‘mood-vegetative’ and ‘psychosis’, agreement rose to 71% ( κ=0.56, p<0.001). ‘Anxiety-dependency’ was positively associated with number of ‘cones’ usually smoked per week and this remained significant when adjusted for confounders (p=0.020) and tended to remain significant in those who had never sniffed petrol (p=0.052). Users of more than five cones per week were more likely to display ‘anxiety-dependency’ symptoms than those who used one cone per week (OR=15.8, 1.8–141.2, p=0.013). A crude association between the ‘mood-vegetative’ symptom cluster and number of cones usually smoked per week (p=0.014) also remained statistically significant when adjusted for confounders (p=0.012) but was modified by interactions with petrol sniffing (p=0.116) and alcohol use (p=0.276). There were no associations between cannabis use and ‘psychosis’. Conclusions: Risks for ‘anxiety-dependency’ symptoms in cannabis users increased as their level of use increased. Other plausible mental health effects of cannabis in this population of comparatively new users were probably masked by alcohol use and a history of petrol sniffing.
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Koch, Harold. "Language and communication in Aboriginal land claim hearings." Communication and Translation in Aboriginal Contexts 5 (January 1, 1990): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/aralss.5.01koc.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper discusses aspects of the intercultural communication processes involved in the quasi-legal presentation of claims to traditional land by Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory before the Aboriginal Land Commissioner. The findings are documented by means of selected extracts from the transcripts of proceedings. Although the proceedings took place predominantly in English, there was some use of interpreters, liberal use of words from Aboriginal languages, and even considerable usage of nonverbal gestures. Most of the Aboriginal witnesses spoke some form of non-standard English influenced by Kriol and traditional Australian languages. The most salient features of their non-standard English are described here. Aboriginal witnesses accommodated their language toward Standard English. Some of their non-standard utterances were clarified by others for the record. The court also accommodated somewhat to Aboriginal styles and forms of speech. Nevertheless there were numerous instances of communication failure, which had various specific causes but were not aided by the culturally alien general legal procedure of question-and-answer elicitation of information.
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Tassanawongwara, Chayuti. "Malaysian Siam Music in Northern Malaysia and Its Representation." International Journal of Creative and Arts Studies 4, no. 2 (March 9, 2018): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24821/ijcas.v4i2.1963.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Some of the Thais were left behind in some parts of the land which once a Thailand’s territory. In the colonialism era, after Kelantan, Terangganu, Perlis and Kedah were annexed to Malaysia several decades ago by British, the Malaysian Siam who have chosen to stay put became the citizens of Malaysia despite being defined as Thais. The livelihood conditions of different nationalities are vital tools to distinguish one ethnic race from others. The first Malaysian Siam who ventured their way from South Thailand to settle in the land known as Melayu can be traced as far back as 300-500 years ago during the reign of King Boromma Trailokanat of Ayudhya era. There was an evidence of migration from then North Thailand downwards to the land of Melayu and inhabited at Sai Buri town. Today, the Malaysian Siams are densely populated across Kelantan, Perak, Perlis and Kedah. In this regard, it is a hard decision to choose the appropriate tools to represent the cultural identity. Music, in all possibilities, could be a likely solution to representation of cultural identity by importing them from its land of origin to reflect the unity of Thai people and the Malaysian Siam. Once the music is allowed to make its impact in protecting the identity of the Thai. This paper shall redound to the representation of Malaysian Siam in northern Malaysia, locally states of Perlis and Kedah, especially music in current use. The paper shall thoroughly present the result of analysis how the Malaysian Siam uses music to strengthen their cultural identity by the process of representation through a focusing on the theory of liminality.
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Vavrouchová, Hana, Antonín Vaishar, and Veronika Peřinková. "Historical Landscape Elements of Abandoned Foothill Villages—A Case Study of the Historical Territory of Moravia and Silesia." Land 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2022): 1809. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the second half of the 20th century, a number of settlements disappeared for various reasons, especially in the hilly landscapes of northern Moravia and in the Czech part of Silesia. Currently, in the relevant localities, it is possible to identify preserved original landscape structures (scattered greenery, water elements, original woody plants, terraces, etc.) and other historical landscape elements with heritage potential. The typical elements of the above-mentioned localities of abandoned settlements are agrarian stone walls that document previous agricultural land use. These structures are generally located outside the original building plots on the edges of previously farmed land. Another important historical element is the unused access roads to arable land, which are still visible in lidar pictures. Numerous elements of the extinct settlements also include the remains of building materials and local quarries of building stone. This paper presents and classifies the historical landscape elements and their typology and proposes a methodology for identification and documentation.
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CLOUGH, A. R., Z. WANG, R. S. BAILIE, C. B. BURNS, and B. J. CURRIE. "Case–control study of the association between kava use and pneumonia in eastern Arnhem Land Aboriginal communities (Northern Territory, Australia)." Epidemiology and Infection 131, no. 1 (August 2003): 627–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268803008628.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pneumonia causes significant morbidity and mortality in Aboriginal populations in Australia's Northern Territory (NT). Kava, consumed in Arnhem Land since 1982, may be a risk factor for infectious disease including pneumonia. A case–control study (n=115 cases; n=415 controls) was conducted in 7001 Aboriginal people (4217 over 15 years). Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by conditional logistic regression with substance use and social factors as confounders. Pneumonia was not associated with kava use. Crude OR=1·26 (0·74–2·14, P=0·386), increased after controlling for confounders (OR=1·98, 0·63–6·23, P=0·237) but was not significant. Adjusted OR for pneumonia cases involving kava and alcohol users was 1·19 (0·39–3·62, P=0·756). In communities with longer kava-using histories, adjusted OR was 2·19 (0·67–7·14, P=0·187). There was no kava dose–response relationship. Crude ORs for associations between pneumonia and cannabis use (OR=2·27, 1·18–4·37, P=0·014) and alcohol use (OR=1·95, 1·07–3·53, P=0·026) were statistically significant and approached significance for petrol sniffing (OR=1·98, 0·99–3·95, P=0·056).
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Clough, A. R., K. Rowley, and K. O'Dea. "Kava use, dyslipidaemia and biomarkers of dietary quality in Aboriginal people in Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia." European Journal of Clinical Nutrition 58, no. 7 (June 28, 2004): 1090–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601921.
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Clough, Alan R. "Does kava cause hallucinations in Aboriginal populations in eastern Arnhem Land (Australia)?" South Pacific Journal of Psychology 13 (2001): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000341.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractBackground: Isolated reports exist in the literature of hallucinations occurring as harmful outcomes of kava use. Kava's well-known mood-altering qualities contrast sharply with reports of such serious unwanted side effects. Arnhem Land Aboriginal people have used kava since 1982. Is there any evidence that kava use is associated with these kinds of effects in this population?Objectives: This paper describes the context and circumstances for 18 individuals who were reported to have experienced hallucinations in a sample of the Miwatj population in eastern Arnhem Land (Northern Territory. NT) (see Clough. Cairney. Maruff, Burns & Currie. 2001). The role of kava use in these occurrences is discussed. Alcohol, tobacco, cannabis use and petrol sniffing as well as psycho-social factors were also noted in community health clinic files and health worker reports.Results and conclusions: There was no evidence that hallucinations recorded in individuals were related to kava use. Instead, social and personal stress, pre-existing psychiatric conditions and excessive use of alcohol were more prominent. To describe the kinds of perceptual shifts experienced by kava users as hallucinations would seem imprudent without consideration of other environmental factors.
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Morari, F., E. Lugato, and M. Borin. "Agricultural land use and N losses to water: the case study of a fluvial park in Northern Italy." Water Science and Technology 47, no. 7-8 (April 1, 2003): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0699.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An integrated water resource management programme has been under way since 1999 to reduce agricultural water pollution in the River Mincio fluvial park. The experimental part of the programme consisted of: a) a monitoring phase to evaluate the impact of conventional and environmentally sound techniques (Best Management Practices, BMPs) on water quality; this was done on four representative landscape units, where twelve fields were instrumented to monitor the soil, surface and subsurface water quality; b) a modelling phase to extend the results obtained at field scale to the whole territory of the Mincio watershed. For this purpose a GIS developed in the Arc/Info environment was integrated into the CropSyst model. The model had previously been calibrated to test its ability to describe the complexity of the agricultural systems. The first results showed a variable efficiency of the BMPs depending on the interaction between management and pedo-climatic conditions. In general though, the BMPs had positive effects in improving the surface and subsurface water quality. The CropSyst model was able to describe the agricultural systems monitored and its linking with the GIS represented a valuable tool for identifying the vulnerable areas within the watershed.
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Gileva, Larisa N., and Natalya V. Egorova. "Studying and evaluating the impacts of oil and gas facilities on the environment of the northern territories to prevent and reduce adverse anthropogenic impacts." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 1 (April 4, 2019): 121–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2019-1-121-132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growth of energy consumption entails an increase in the production of hydrocarbons, the number of fields, which are involved in this process, and the territory of license areas. Overall, environmental impact may be increased. Northern territories of our country are more exposed to anthropogenic impact from the oil and gas facilities because of huge oil and gas reserves availability. Therefore, the strategic developments for the greening of production on the basis of the concept of sustainable exploitation of these territories are very important. Suggested concept involves a balanced activity that provides high economic efficiency and environmental safety, aimed at reducing adverse anthropogenic consequences.The assessment of the impact of oil and gas facilities on the environment was carried out in the territory of the West Chatylkinsky field of Krasnoselkupsky district of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug. The results obtained allowed assessing the degree of impact of cluster sites and communication corridors of the objects of the land and property complex of the oil field and developing recommendations to reduce adverse anthropogenic consequences in order to protect the environment and ensure the greening of land use.
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Ryder, John L., Philippa McNeil, Jeff Hamm, Wendy A. Nixon, Don Russell, and Shawn R. Francis. "An integrated assessment of Porcupine caribou seasonal distribution, movements, and habitat preferences for regional land use planning in northern Yukon Territory, Canada." Rangifer 27, no. 4 (April 1, 2007): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/2.27.4.353.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study was undertaken to improve understanding of Porcupine caribou herd distribution, movements, and habitat preferences to assist with developing a regional land use plan for the North Yukon Planning Region, Yukon Territory. Three different methods were used to identify current and historical patterns of caribou distribution and habitat preferences within the region to prioritize conservation areas. Two of the approaches focused on incorporating information on caribou distribution and migrations from scientific and local knowledge, while the third focused on identifying and mapping habitats suitable for supporting caribou. Local knowledge dating back to the 1930s and two decades of satellite telemetry data confirmed that most of the planning region is used by the Porcupine caribou herd and highlighted areas of concentrated use. Maps of suitable winter habitat derived from expert opinion ratings of habitat use did not agree with the other information sources. The local knowledge and satellite telemetry analyses were used to identify spatially explicit priority areas for caribou conservation and the results were applied to develop conservation recommendations for a draft regional land use plan. The plan will be submitted to government approval bodies for review in the spring of 2007. The success in implementing conservation strategies for the Porcupine caribou herd will be reviewed and evaluated following adoption of a final approved plan.
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Garde, Murray. "The Maningrida Outstation Schools Radio Program." Aboriginal Child at School 19, no. 2 (May 1991): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200007392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Children living on a number of remote outstations or homeland centres in Central Arnhem Land have had access to European style education for nearly twenty years now. The Northern Territory Education Department employs visiting teachers who make regular visits to some outstations to work with Aboriginal teachers and children in these small ‘remote’ communities. The visiting teachers mostly live in a central larger community and use the central hub school as their base. A number of these hub schools or C.E.C.s now have homeland centre education resource buildings which provide the base for the provision of educational services to homeland centre schools.
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CLOUGH, ALAN R., PETER D'ABBS, SHEREE CAIRNEY, DENNIS GRAY, PAUL MARUFF, ROBERT PARKER, and BRIDIE O'REILLY. "Emerging patterns of cannabis and other substance use in Aboriginal communities in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory: a study of two communities." Drug and Alcohol Review 23, no. 4 (December 2004): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595230412331324509.
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BURNS, C. B., P. D'ABBS, and B. J. CURRIE. "Patterns of petrol sniffing and other drug use in young men from an Australian Aboriginal community in Arnhem Land, Northern Territory." Drug and Alcohol Review 14, no. 2 (April 1995): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09595239500185221.
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Churchill, S. "Habitat Use, Distribution and Conservation Status of The Nabarlek, Petrogale concinna, and Sympatric Rock-Dwelling Mammals, in The Northern Territory." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97297.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A survey of the distribution of the Nabarlek (Petrogale concinna) in the Top End of the Northern Territory found the species to be trap shy, secretive and often difficult to distinguish from sympatric Petrogale brachyotis in the field. The small number of records for the species is probably attributable to these characteristics. Habitat preferences appeared to be broad with the species utilising a range of rocky environments from the steep and rugged cliffs of the Arnhem Land escarpment to the low granite boulder hills of the Mary River region. The presence of P. concinna was correlated primarily with the availability of steep slopes and the presence of a large number of caves. The presence of P. concinna was examined in relation to the presence and abundance of 18 species of sympatric mammals. During the study P. concinna was recorded from 8 localities, and although further work is required, the species conservation status appears to be secure.
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Novakovskyi, Leonid, Andrii Martyn, Iryna Novakovska, Igor Slavin, and Liliia Skrypnyk. "FORMATION OF LAND USE RESTRICTIONS BY GEOINFORMATION ANALYSIS METHODS IN SPATIAL PLANNING (ON THE EXAMPLE OF TERRITORY AROUND THE AIRFIELDS)." Ukrainian Geographical Journal, no. 1 (2021): 44–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ugz2021.01.044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the publication is revealing the features of the geospatial analysis implementation and special software for effective territorial development on the example of the interaction of aviation land use with adjacent territories and global urbanization centers. The necessity of using remote sensing data together with GIS technologies for creation of models and visualization of future synergetic connections of airport infrastructure development and urban land use have been substantiated. Ways of improvement the implementation of planning decision-making processes and regional development under the condition of using high-tech remote sensing-GIS methods as a basis for increasing the level of economically efficient, environmentally balanced, socially orderly land use have been proposed. Changes and additions are offered according to normative-legal acts of regulation of the land use system of aviation transport.
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Campbell, J. B. "Sharing out land: two passages in the Corpus agrimensorum romanorum." Classical Quarterly 45, no. 2 (December 1995): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0009838800043603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Virgil, in his description of the establishment of a new city by Aeneas for those Trojans who wished to remain in Sicily, is thinking of the Roman practice of colonial foundation: ‘Meanwhile Aeneas marked out the city with the plough and allocated the houses (by lot)’. We may note the personal role of the founder, the ploughing of the ritual first furrow, the organized grants to the settlers and the equality of treatment implied in the use of lot (sortiri). Virgil was writing at the end of the first century B.C. at a time of great activity in land distribution, but the Romans had been founding colonies from the mid fourth century. Each colony involved the creation of an urban area and the settlement of people on the surrounding agricultural land, and so perpetuated the city state, which was central to ancient life and culture. Indeed a colony was a smaller image of Rome itself. In the early Republic, colonies, either of Latins or of Roman citizens, were established on the periphery of Roman territory, largely for military and strategic reasons. Between 200 and 173 B.C. more than 40,000 may have received plots of land, amounting to about 1,000 square miles of territory. Later, the motives for colonial foundations became more complex, being closely connected with increasing economic and political problems. There can have been few more important aspects in the development of colonies than the need to find land for discharged troops. These in the main were rank and file soldiers who would expect equal shares in land allocations.
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Mykhnovych, Andriy. "The state of drainage systems in the northern part of Lviv region." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 52 (June 27, 2018): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2018.52.10184.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent land use and renaturalization problems on the drained areas testify about considerable decrease of biological producing ability of the soils during last decades mainly due to ineffective using of the drained areas and unsatisfactory technical state of the drainage systems. The swamped and overwatered lands in some districts of Lviv region reach 80–90 % of the territory and occur as large solid areas in the river basins. For today, most of the drainage systems are characterized by unsatisfactory technical state and lose or have lost the water regulating ability as agricultural importance. Therefore, the investigations of the present land-reclamation, ecological and technical state of drainage systems and drained areas with identification of most priority areas for wetlands renaturalization is actual and urgent scientific and practical task. Its solution is impossible without substantiation of the scientific concept and methods of investigations. The drainage systems of the Polissian part of Lviv region are studied. The objective is evaluation of the drainage systems state, ascertaining of the drained areas adaptability and service ability to renaturalization as well as substantiation and adaptation of the methods of the state evaluation. The paper deals with the history of drainage systems establishing, exploitation and investigations in the region with the aim of ecological state improving. The main characteristics of the drainage systems and their monitoring network are presented. The methods and criteria of meliorative state analysis are characterized. The impact of dewatering upon groundwater levels, the seasonal variation of groundwater level and the meliorative state of three etalon drainage systems have been analyzed. Key words: drainage systems, dewatering, land-reclamation, ecological and technical state, renaturalization.
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Santos, Leovigildo, and Thyago Brito. "Análise temporal do uso e cobertura do solo da capital brasileira do amianto: Minaçu, estado de Goiás." Revista Brasileira de Geografia Física 14, no. 3 (2021): 1443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26848/rbgf.v14.3.p1443-1452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The municipality of Minaçu, in the northern region of the state of Goiás, differs from many Brazilian municipalities due to the intense changes that have occurred in its territory. The municipality is known as the Brazilian capital of asbestos, an ore that gave rise to the occupation of the region, whose extraction has lasted six decades. In addition to the large pits opened by mining, the municipality also has two hydroelectric plants, in addition to part of their respective reservoirs, which occupy a large part of their land. The objective of this study was to analyze the land use and cover between the years 1988 and 2018 of Minaçu. For that, the data of land use of the MapBiomas project were used, also used for analysis of the conversion between the classes of the mapping from the initial year to the end of the period of analysis. The least significant classes for the period under analysis were non-vegetated area, mining, urban infrastructure and planted forest. The areas of natural vegetation, such as forests and savanna, were converted to areas for human use, mainly pasture, also had the largest areas flooded by the two reservoirs of hydroelectric plants present in the municipality. The data used enabled an efficient and low-cost study, which serves as a basis for a greater understanding of the dynamics of use and coverage, also serving as a basis for planning sustainable land occupation.
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Corey, B., G. J. W. Webb, S. C. Manolis, A. Fordham, B. J. Austin, Y. Fukuda, D. Nicholls, and K. Saalfeld. "Commercial harvests of saltwater crocodileCrocodylus porosuseggs by Indigenous people in northern Australia: lessons for long-term viability and management." Oryx 52, no. 4 (June 13, 2017): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605317000217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSustainable commercial use of native wildlife is an alternative economic means of land use by Indigenous people in remote rural areas. This situation applies within large tracts of land owned by Indigenous people across northern Australia. The commercial use of saltwater crocodilesCrocodylus porosusis a growing industry in Australia's Northern Territory. Although Indigenous people sell crocodile eggs and hatchlings, the majority of harvesting and incubation is done by non-indigenous people from less remote areas. One Indigenous community has been heavily involved in this industry and now manages its own harvest and incubation programme. We present a case study of this programme, which has transitioned from outside agencies managing the harvest, to complete local ownership and management. Egg harvests and incubation success rates declined by 40% following the switch to local management. Income increased, as did production costs; in particular, royalty payments made to Indigenous landowners. The declines reflect the community's motives for engaging in the industry, which have been socially rather than commercially driven, and damage to nesting habitat by feral animals. The increase in royalties reflects the need to compete with non-indigenous harvesters from outside the township, who are strictly commercially driven. Harvesting, incubation and trade in crocodile eggs and hatchlings can form a viable and sustainable enterprise for remote Indigenous communities. However, efficiency needs to be improved to fulfil the need for a reliable and dependable supply chain, and regulatory institutions should give Indigenous harvesters sufficient freedom to pursue innovative and viable livelihood options.
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Kabzhanova, Gulnara, Kazbek Baktybekov, Gulzhiyan Kabdulova, Aidyn Aimbetov, and Linara Aligazhiyeva. "Use of the Earth Remote Sensing data for the monitoring of the level of soil fertility." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 100, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 112–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2020bmg4/112-121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ground monitoring of soil massifs takes a lot of time, labor force and material resources, yet is the most accurate and detailed method. When implementing complex methods for monitoring the soil cover, inclusion of space technologies is necessary. Remote sensing data carry objective information over the large areas. The article discusses the possibility of using remote sensing data for mapping and monitoring changes in the soil cover of Northern Kazakhstan. Based on thematic processing of remote sensing data of domestic satellites, spatial analysis of the content of main nutrients was executed in the sowing layer of soils, the relationship was revealed between fertility indicators and the value of vegetation indices for testing ground on the territory of Northern Kazakhstan. Remote sensing methods which are gaining more practical application in determination of qualitative changes in the state of the Earth's surface are considered in this article. The use of remote sensing data enables developing automatic soil recognition and analysis systems for the quantitative assessment of soil variability. The use of remote sensing data of high and medium resolution, along with geoinformation technologies reveals great potential in assessing soil fertility, which contributes to the effective management of land resources, the preservation and maintenance of soil fertility.
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Pytulyak, Miroslava, Mykola Pytulyak, Lesia Zastavetska, Taras Zastavetskyi, and Natalya Taranova. "SPACIAL AND ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF LAND RESOURCES IN NORTH-EAST PART OF ZOLOCHIV DISTRICT UTC OF LVIV REGION." SCIENTIFIC ISSUES OF TERNOPIL VOLODYMYR HNATIUK NATIONAL PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY. SERIES: GEOGRAPHY 51, no. 2 (December 5, 2021): 206–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2519-4577.21.2.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article presents an ecological and geographical analysis of the current state of land resources. The structure of land resources in UTC (United Territorial Community) is dominated by lands of agricultural and forestry use. They occupy the largest areas - 67072.3 hectares, 40004.8 hectares and their share in the structure of the land fund is 57.8%, 34.4%, respectively.
The structure of agricultural lands of the district is dominated by agricultural lands, namely arable land. Its area is 67072.3 hectares (97.3%)
The largest area of agricultural land is concentrated within the central part of the district.
The largest area in the structure of agricultural land is occupied by arable land - 2500 - 3570.8 hectares. In the eastern and south-eastern parts of the district the share of arable land in the structure of agricultural lands is the highest (more than 70%).
The share of pastures and hayfields in the structure of agricultural lands is 18.2% and 16.8%, respectively. The smallest share in the structure of lands of perennial plantations (1.6%).
The largest areas of hayfields and pastures in the northern and northeastern part of the district, which is due to the natural features of the territory.
Peculiarities of forestry use of land resources on UTC area are analyzed.
Lands covered with forest vegetation there are unevenly distributed and are mainly subordinated to Brody Forestry. The largest areas of forestry land in the northern and southern parts of the district.
Forests in the northern part are located within Male Polissya. Here in the area there is the highest forest cover (45 - 67%). Forest cover in the southern part of the district is 45 - 67%.
The structure of lands occupied by forest vegetation is dominated by forest areas (96.0%), including covered with forest crops (71.0%)
On the basis of the defined indicators the analysis of ecological stability of lands in UTC is carried out, also the anthropogenic loading on agricultural lands of the area is defined. This figure depends on the area of land of different species.
Using the method of Shyshchenko P. H. (1982) we have determined the anthropogenic load on the agricultural lands of the district. This figure depends on the area of the land of different species. Within the district there are spatial differences in this indicator. The greatest anthropogenic load on agricultural land is in the central part of the district. Here the anthropogenic load is more than 6.6 (strongly converted). In the north-western part of the district this indicator is the lowest: 5.2-5.3. On the territory of other village councils agricultural lands are moderately transformed (6.1 - 6.5)
The results of the study of the ecological condition of the land resources of the district are presented. The level of plowing, agricultural development of the district is analyzed. The central and southern part of the district is characterized by an unbalanced structure of land use, as there is a fairly high rate of plowing of agricultural land. The share of arable land here is more than 70% of the total area of agricultural land. The average value of this indicator is around 57.7%. The highest agricultural development is in the central part of the district (except for Brody town territorial community), and in the southern part (more than 60%). The maximum indicators of agricultural development are - 86.8-91%.
The ecological condition of the land resources of the district was assessed and five groups with different levels of this indicator were identified. The ecological condition of land resources varies from optimal to catastrophic, depending on the ratio of arable land (R) and the share of ecological and stabilizing lands (ESL). Optimal and satisfactory ecological condition of land resources in the region on the area of 40.6%, critical - 25.7%, crisis - 20.4%, catastrophic - 13.3%
Land resources are one of the most important resources of the district. In modern conditions, productive agricultural lands should be involved in intensive agricultural cultivation, and the rest should remain in a natural state, which will ensure ecological sustainability and balanced nature management.
Key words: land resources, agricultural lands, agricultural development, ecological condition, ecological stability.
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Clough, A. R. "Case-control study of the association between kava use and ischaemic heart disease in Aboriginal communities in eastern Arnhem Land (Northern Territory) Australia." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 58, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.58.2.140.
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Nunes, Leonel J. R., Mauro A. M. Raposo, and Carlos J. Pinto Gomes. "A Historical Perspective of Landscape and Human Population Dynamics in Guimarães (Northern Portugal): Possible Implications of Rural Fire Risk in a Changing Environment." Fire 4, no. 3 (August 17, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fire4030049.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The occupation of a territory combines a set of variables which affect the development of the mode by which populations have been organized throughout history. How this occupation takes place demonstrates much of a territory’s past and shows how the populations managed to make the most out of the available resources. The region of Entre-Douro-e-Minho (Northern Portugal), similarly to what happens in other regions, such as Galicia (Northern Spain), Brittany (Northern France), or Ireland, presents a type of dispersed land use, with an alternation of urban, agriculture, and forest areas. On one hand, this proximity allows urban populations to come into contact with a rural environment. On the other hand, this proximity also causes a set of problems, namely those related to rural fires, which are now enhanced by climate change, and associated phenomena, such as heatwaves and the lack of precipitation. The present work analyzes the evolution of rural fires in 1975–2019, in the municipality of Guimarães (Northern Portugal), to understand how these events have been distributed over time and evolved in a climate change scenario. Based on the results and discussion presented, it can be concluded that there is an increasing trend in the occurrence of rural fires in the territory under study, and that this can also be associated to climate change, in the form of a gradual increment in temperature, particularly in the autumn months, and a decrease in rainfall. This situation is responsible for the increment of the risk caused by the proximity of the populations to forest and agricultural areas because rural fires can jeopardize the safety of people and goods.
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Palmer, Carol, Robin W. Baird, Daniel L. Webster, Andrew C. Edwards, Ruth Patterson, Alan Withers, Emma Withers, Rachel Groom, and John C. Z. Woinarski. "A preliminary study of the movement patterns of false killer whales (Pseudorca crassidens) in coastal and pelagic waters of the Northern Territory, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 68, no. 9 (2017): 1726. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf16296.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The false killer whale (Pseudorca crassidens) is regarded as Data Deficient globally and in Australia. In most parts of its range, there is little information on its social behaviour, dispersal or ecology. The present study is the first assessment of its movement patterns in Australian waters, on the basis of satellite tracking of four individuals, in the Arafura and Timor Seas from late March to early July 2014. When initially tagged, the four individuals occurred in a single group; they then showed generally similar movement patterns and regularly re-associated. Total distance travelled by tagged individuals ranged from 5161km (over a 54-day period) to 7577km (104 days). Distance from land varied from 100m to 188km (median distance 24km). Individual minimum convex polygons covered an area of 72368 to 86252km2, with a total overlap of 64038km2. Water depths varied from 0.3 to 118m (median 36m). In total, 15% of records were in waters shallower than 10m, and 26% of records were within 10km of land. The present study indicated that false killer whales appear to regularly use coastal and pelagic waters in this region and, hence, should be afforded more conservation attention.
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Phillips, Emma L., and Pam D. McGrath. "Insights from the Northern Territory on factors that facilitate effective palliative care for Aboriginal peoples." Australian Health Review 33, no. 4 (2009): 636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090636.
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This article aims to assist remote communities to develop their own palliative care services by providing findings on successful strategies identified through a 2-year research project which developed an innovative model for Indigenous palliative care. The discussion is set in the context of an understanding of the notion of cultural safety and discusses the positive experiences of the benefits of palliative care from the perspectives of both consumers and health professionals. The findings show that successful outcomes are derived from generic factors associated with palliative care philosophy and practice and from more specific factors, including the provision of pragmatic support to overcome practical problems, and community visits by health professionals. Factors specific to cultural respect are important, including familiarity and continuity of health care providers, cultural respect for grieving practices, provision of comfort food and bush tucker, development of culturally appropriate built environments, use of traditional healers and respect for spiritual practices.
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McKemey, Michelle, Emilie Ens, Yugul Mangi Rangers, Oliver Costello, and Nick Reid. "Indigenous Knowledge and Seasonal Calendar Inform Adaptive Savanna Burning in Northern Australia." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12030995.
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Indigenous fire management is experiencing a resurgence worldwide. Northern Australia is the world leader in Indigenous savanna burning, delivering social, cultural, environmental and economic benefits. In 2016, a greenhouse gas abatement fire program commenced in the savannas of south-eastern Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory, managed by the Indigenous Yugul Mangi rangers. We undertook participatory action research and semi-structured interviews with rangers and Elders during 2016 and 2019 to investigate Indigenous knowledge and obtain local feedback about fire management. Results indicated that Indigenous rangers effectively use cross-cultural science (including local and Traditional Ecological Knowledge alongside western science) to manage fire. Fire management is a key driver in the production of bush tucker (wild food) resources and impacts other cultural and ecological values. A need for increased education and awareness about Indigenous burning was consistently emphasized. To address this, the project participants developed the Yugul Mangi Faiya En Sisen Kelenda (Yugul Mangi Fire and Seasons Calendar) that drew on Indigenous knowledge of seasonal biocultural indicators to guide the rangers’ fire management planning. The calendar has potential for application in fire management planning, intergenerational transfer of Indigenous knowledge and locally driven adaptive fire management.
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Pristeri, Guglielmo, Francesca Peroni, Salvatore Eugenio Pappalardo, Daniele Codato, Anna Giulia Castaldo, Antonio Masi, and Massimo De Marchi. "Mapping and Assessing Soil Sealing in Padua Municipality through Biotope Area Factor Index." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2020): 5167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12125167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil sealing is a worldwide phenomenon of covering of natural or seminatural soil with impervious surfaces, such as built-up or paved surfaces. It is widely recognized as a major environmental issue which drives landscape fragmentation and ecosystem services degradation and loss. Italy is one of European countries with the highest extent of soil sealing. The most affected area is northern Italy, especially the Po Valley with more than 12% of sealed surfaces. According to official data, Veneto Region and the city of Padua are seriously affected by this phenomenon. The Biotope Area Factor is a consolidated ecological urban index for mapping soil sealing, adopted in different European cities to support urban planning; it expresses the ratio of the ecologically effective surface area in relation to the total land area according to land cover classes. The general aim of this study is to map and to assess soil sealing in the whole municipal territory of Padua using the Biotope Area Factor (BAF) index. We tested and adopted a digital land cover map together with aerial images to perform a BAF analysis on the whole municipal territory of Padua. By using sample areas previously analyzed, we validated our source data by a double spatial validation process; therefore, soil sealing analysis was scaled-up to the municipality territory. Results show that in the city of Padua, the average BAF index value is 0.6; totally permeable surfaces (BAF = 1) cover 59.5%, whereas totally “sealed” surfaces (BAF = 0) are 40.3% of the municipal territory (93 km2). Most of the sealed soil is located in the east sector and in the historical core of the city, with BAF values ranging from 0 to 0.2. A particularly critical area is identified within the new industrial area of the city, which is strongly affected by soil sealing. BAF maps are useful tools to identify critical areas by geovisualizing surface permeability at a very detailed scale and by enabling further analyses for hydrogeological risk assessment and urban climate regulation. Moreover, the use of BAF maps at urban scale today represent an important tool for urban management, especially for policy makers who are planning mitigation and compensation measures to control soil sealing.
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Baciu, Nicolae, Gheorghe Roşian, Vlad Măcicăşan, Carmen Stănescu, Octavian Liviu Muntean, Ciprian Bodea, and Cristian Maloş. "The Typology of the Landscapes from the Northern Part of Cluj-Napoca City." Present Environment and Sustainable Development 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pesd-2015-0013.
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Abstract The protected site Dealurile Clujului-Est is located in the Transylvanian Depression subunit known as Somes Plateau, in the northern part of Cluj-Napoca. The presence of a plateau units characterized by an alternation of valley corridors and interfluves was able to dictate the existence of a variety of types of landscapes. Along with relief, which is characterized by altitude, slope, exposition and dynamic geomorphologic processes, the land use has been taken into account. The last three centuries Dealurile Clujului suffered a considerable human impact, despite seeming insignificant anthropogenic pressures and villages with low prevalence. Therefore we can say that the natural landscapes (characterized by state of climax or biostazie) are often insignificant compared to the spatial expansion of the territorial unit analyzed. The landscape is characterized by a rural lifestyle, clearly expressed, with forest vegetation positioned at higher parts of that territory, followed by traditional crops, the vast pasture and meadow, with the dominant category of small and very small villages, located along the valleys and the river origins. By applying the criteria mentioned and GIS techniques, we distinguished 14 types of landscapes and related subtypes, both natural and built.