Дисертації з теми "Land settlement Case studies"
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1
Manenzhe, Tshililo Justice. "Post settlement challenges for land reform beneficiaries: three case studies from Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2007. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_1574_1254748862.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis presented a study of post-settlement experiences of land reform beneficiaries, with a focus on three case studies from Limpopo Province. Since 1994, the South African government has implemented a land reform programme that aims to redress the injustices in land ownership patterns in the country. This study included a review of international and local literature on land reform with particualr interest in what happens after land transfer and settlement.
2
Runner, Adam D. "Investigating informal development: a case study of Kibera and Sultanbeyli." Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8617.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Master of Regional and Community PlanningDepartment of Landscape Architecture/Regional and Community Planning
Jason Brody
As global development trends continue, planners and social scientists of the future will have an increasingly pressing responsibility to effectively and sensitively address and interact with informal development. This report seeks to provide theoretical research to expand the knowledge base of planners and social scientists with respect to informal development. It aims to begin to explore and explain how informal development and living conditions interact, and to understand what the role of the planner and social scientist should be in interfacing with informal development in the future. Through case study this report considers two distinct typologies of informal settlements in order to compare and contrast factors in each settlement‘s history and development, living conditions, and overarching administrative relationships to identify trends in the development and manifestation of informal settlements.
3
Hernandez, Carlos 1968. "Irregular settlements in Mexico, 1990-2000 : case study : ejido lands in Aguascalientes, Mexico." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aguascalientes is a medium-sized city in Mexico. Its location and industrial policies have proven favorable to the continuing arrival of many industries. Immigrants are easily inserted into the labor market, but the access to low-cost housing for the workers is difficult. Nevertheless, the city continues to attract newcomers. The economy in Mexico collapsed in the early 90's, and many housing programs at the local level were cancelled, and housing prices became expensive. Consequently, people opted for less expensive housing solutions. One of the alternatives was to build on the ejido land, (expropriated lands handed over to land-less people in the form of collective holding and tenancy) a sui-generis tenure of land that has existed in Mexico since 1917. The analysis of both the ejido lands as a target of irregular human settlements and the consolidation process of these areas is the subject of this study.
4
Baligira, John. "Land rights and land conflicts in Kibaale since the colonial settlement." Doctoral thesis, Faculty of Humanities, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32198.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines why there has been persistent conflict over land in Africa, with reference to Kibaale district in western Uganda. The land conflicts, especially in post-colonial sub-Saharan Africa, are attributed to such factors as the colonial legacy which has contributed to unequal access and conflicting identities. By tracing the conflict from the British colonial period, the thesis contributes to an understanding of how it evolved and why it was not resolved by the end of colonial rule and in post-colonial Uganda. The thesis draws on Mamdani's theory of decentralized despotism to establish the extent to which the post-colonial central governments' maintenance of some rural despotic authorities has undermined the land conflict resolution efforts. I contend that, though the post- colonial governments' maintenance of landlordism has partly contributed to the land-related conflict in Uganda, it does not fully explain why the conflict has persisted in places such as Kibaale district. Based on data generated through in-depth interviews with purposively sampled participants, archives and from secondary sources, the thesis contributes to an improved understanding of why land-related conflicts in Africa have persisted. It particularly shows what has undermined the ability of post-colonial governments and other stakeholders to address the roots of these conflicts. The main findings of the thesis include: the bitter memories of the late 19th and early 20th century British colonial conquest and land dispossession of people in Kibaale are still reflected in the narratives of the early settlers; the government-sponsored and selfmotivated massive resettlement of people from mainly Western Uganda to Kibaale district has increased the complexity of land disputes; different peoples' identities have also contributed to the conflict in Kibaale; and the national as well as local political actors have often intensified the conflict for the sake of political power. The thesis concludes that the instrumentalization of citizenship and belonging by the autochthons as well as the specific historical and socioeconomic factors in Kibaale district have contributed to persistent conflict over access to and ownership of land.
5
Fakudze, Churchill M. "Rural resettlement scheme evaluation: a case study of the Mfengu in Tsitsikamma." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1997 South Africa came out with a policy aimed at addressing the legacy of apartheid in respect of an unequal division of land in the country. About 3.5 million people were moved from rural and urban areas between 1960 and 1980 and deposited in the reserves or areas designed for the exclusive occupation of black people. The new land policy attempts to deal with the resultant problems. The policy advocates a three-pronged approach to land reform encompassing (i) land restitution, (ii) land redistribution and (iii) land tenure reform. A number of projects have been carried out under these three aspects. This study aims to investigate and evaluate the results of a completed land restitution case. The Mfengu of Tsitsikamma was chosen as a case study because the people have moved back and are now living on their land. The Mfengu were dispossessed of their land in 1977 by the apartheid government and their land was returned in 1994. Although this case was processed outside of the land restitution legislation (Restitution of Land Rights Act, 22 of 1994), all restitution cases where people return to their original land have to deal with the problems of resettlement. From its involvement in various involuntary resettlement projects, the World Bank concluded that the new communities of resettlers should be designed as a viable settlement system equipped with infrastructure and services and integrated in the regional socio-economic context. The host communities receiving the resettlers should be assisted to overcome possible adverse social and environmental effects from the increased population density. These concerns are valid for the South African situation, and the question is, whether this resettlement encapsulates the above. The goals of the research are twofold. To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the resettlement project and its sustainability. In particular focussing on the constraints to the implementation of the land policy. Research questions include the following: How was the project carried out? Is the resettlement integrated into the socio-economic and development planning of the area? How viable and sustainable is the new settlement? What are the major problems and challenges facing this area and how can they be overcome?
6
Stone, Glenn Davis. "Agrarian ecology and settlement patterns: An ethnoarchaeological case study." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184498.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although settlement patterns are a central topic of archaeological research, there is a paucity of general theory on the determinants of agrarian settlement. What passes for a theory of agrarian settlement in archaeology is a borrowed model which does not recognize the relationship between population density and agricultural intensity. This dissertation argues that the rules determining where farmers settle are inextricable from how they farm. Ethnohistoric and ethnoarchaeological data are used to investigate the relationship between agricultural change and the determinants of settlement location in the case of the Kofyar, a population of farmers colonizing a frontier area in the central Nigerian savanna. As they moved into an area with a low ratio of population to productive land, Kofyar agriculture was extensified in accord with the Boserup (1965) model. With potentially greater travel costs associated with domestic water than with farm plots, streams exerted a strong attraction to early settlements. With increasing land pressure, the attraction value of farmland eclipsed the attraction to water. Contrary to Boserup's theory that agricultural responses to land pressure cross-cut environments, analysis of settlement histories of over 1000 households shows that responses vary with soil type. Farmers on high-quality sandstone-derived soils tend to intensify cultivation, while farmers on inferior shale-derived and igneous-derived soils tend to abandon their farms when yields begin to decline. The location of Kofyar compounds with respect to each other is closely related to the labor demands of agricultural production. The restricted range of distances between residential compounds reflects the reliance on inter-household collaboration in agricultural production.
7
Xulu, Sifiso. "Land degradation and settlement intensification in Umhlathuze Municipality." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86208.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The multifaceted land degradation problem and its associated manifold impacts have attracted research from different disciplines, resulting in varying definitions of the concept. However, most researchers agree that human intervention that deteriorates the state of the environment is the central element. Among the anthropogenic activities that exacerbate land degradation, land cover has been singled out as the salient element. Rapid and unplanned land cover changes are primary manifestations of this problem. UMhlathuze Municipality, the study area which has superior biodiversity richness, is one of fastest growing municipalities in South Africa and is the locale of significant land modifications in recent decades because of a variety of industrial and residential developments. Using Landsat TM imagery acquired for 1984, 1996 and 2004, this study mapped and quantified land cover change and manifestations of land degradation in the uMhlathuze Municipality in conjunction with settlement intensification computed from orthophotographs acquired for 1984 and 2004. Census population statistics were analysed as a reflection of population dynamics and further to gauge related causes of land cover change. Geographical information technology (GIT) was applied as an analytical tool. The results revealed the anthropogenic influences that led to changes in land cover over the 20- year period between 1984 and 2004. The dominant natural cover classes in 1984 declined continuously and human-dominated land categories had increased sharply by 2004. Much of grasslands, forest and wetlands were converted to monotypical agroforestry (sugar cane and forestry plantations), built-up settlement and mining. These changes engendered complete loss of biodiversity (floral and migration of fauna). Bare ground, signifying land degradation, was noticeable although it exhibited a fluctuating trend which could be attributable to differences between the various imagery used. Along with population growth, the area of settlements increased over the study period and spatially sprawled from urban areas. Settlements showed a fairly stable spatial configuration over the 20-year period, but became magnified in medium- and high-density areas. Grassland and wetlands occurring around Richards Bay, as well as indigenous forest near Port Durnford, were identified as critically threatened ecosystems. The proposed industrial development zone and port expansion were recognized as having adverse ecological implications for wetlands. The study concluded that significant land cover changes occurred in the form of natural land cover giving way to monotypical agroforestry, built-up settlements and mining - all to the detriment of pristine natural habitat.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die veelvlakkige probleem van omgewingsdegradasie en die gepaardgaande veelsoortige impakte lok navorsing uit verskillende dissiplines, wat lei tot verskillende definisies van die konsep. Tog is die meeste navorsers dit eens dat menslike invloede die sentrale element is wat die toestand van die omgewing verswak. Van die vele menslike aktiwiteite is grondgebruikverandering uitgesonder as die belangrikste beïnvloeder van agteruitgang van die omgewing. Veral vinnige en onbeplande grondgebruikveranderinge verteenwoordig die primêre manifestasies van hierdie probleem. UMhlathuze Munisipaliteit, die studiegebied met 'n hoë biodiversiteitsrykdom, is een van die vinnigste groeiende munisipaliteite in Suid-Afrika, waar 'n verskeidenheid nywerheids- en residensiële ontwikkelings beduidende grondgebruikverandering oor die afgelope dekades dryf. Met behulp van Landsat TM beelde van 1984, 1996 en 2004, is hierdie studiegebied gekarteer en oppervlaktes gekwantifiseer om grondgebruikverandering en verwante manifestasies van die agteruitgang van landbedekking in die uMhlathuze Munisipaliteit te konstateer. Tesame hiermee is die verdigting van nedersettings ook met behulp van ortofoto’s van 1984 en 2004 aangeteken. Bevolkingsensusstatistieke is ontleed as weerspieëling van die gepaardgaande bevolkingsdinamika en om moontlike oorsake van verandering in grondbedekking te bepaal. Vir hierdie doel is geografiese inligtingstegnologie (GIT ) as analitiese instrument toegepas. Die resultate toon antropogeniese invloede lei tot veranderinge in grondbedekking oor die tydperk van 20 jaar tussen 1984 en 2004. Die dominante natuurlike dekkingsklasse in 1984 het voortdurend verminder en menslik-gedomineerde kategorieë het teen 2004 skerp gestyg. Baie van die grasvelde, woude en vleilande is daadwerklik omskep tot monotipiese agro-bosbou (suikerrieten bosbouplantasies), beboude nedersetting en mynbou. Hierdie veranderinge behels 'n volledige verlies van biodiversiteit (plantegroei en migrasie van fauna). Kaalgrond, wat dui op die agteruitgang van grondbedekking, was ook opvallend, hoewel dit 'n wisselende tendens toon wat ook kan wees as gevolg van die verskille tussen die beeldmateriaal wat gebruik is. Saam met die groei van die bevolking is bevind dat nedersettings oor die studieperiode toegeneem het en in tipiese spreipatrone weg van die stedelike gebiede uitbrei. Nedersettings het 'n redelik stabiele ruimtelike liggingsopset oor die tydperk van 20 jaar getoon, maar het in medium- en hoë- digtheid gebiedeverdeel. Die voorkoms van grasveld en vleiland rondom Richardsbaai, asook inheemse woud naby Port Durnford, is geïdentifiseer as krities-bedreigde ekosisteme. Die voorgestelde nywerheidsontwikkelingsone en hawe-uitbreiding is geïdentifiseer as ontwikkelings met nadelige ekologiese implikasies vir vleilande. Daar is dus tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat beduidende voortgaande grondbedekkingveranderinge in die gebied voorkom, waarin natuurlike landdekking transformeer tot monotipiese agrobosbou, beboude nedersettings en mynbou - alles tot nadeel van die ongerepte natuurlike habitat.
8
Linse, Angela R. "Settlement change documentation and analysis : a case study from the Mogollon region of the American Southwest /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6545.
Повний текст джерела
9
Lange, Sandra. "The case of uneven development in Palestine an investigation of scalar fix as an act of dispossession /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10450/10682.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2009.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 148 p. : ill., (some col.), col. maps. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-148).
10
Emanuelsson, Marie. "Settlement and land-use history in the central Swedish forest region : the use of pollen analysis in interdisciplinary studies /." Umeå : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/2001/91-576-6307-6.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
11
Senaka-Arachchi, Ranbandara. "The problems of second generation settlers in land settlement schemes : the case of Sri Lanka /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs4746.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
12
Okumbor, Joshua Chukwuerokeh. "Land restitution and development : a case study of Manvhela `Ben Lavin` nature reserve, Limpopo Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/761.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A. (Sociology)) --University of Limpopo, 2010The study is on land restitution and development departing from the assumption that the return of a people’s land should contribute to the enhancement of their wellbeing. The question is does the common land-use objective of beneficiaries of land restitution match their share historical right to the returned land? What should actions on the returned land be based – livelihood needs or restorative justice? A profile of the livelihoods of the Manavhelas showed how the land restitution process can be used to reduce poverty amongst previously dispossessed Black South Africans. Methodological triangulation was used to achieve the above. It was observed in this case that land restitution is yet to realise poverty reduction because of gaps in its conception and inadequacies in the implementation. Closing the gap and linking the land restitution programme to the livelihood needs of its beneficiaries will improve its capacity to deliver on its promise
13
Bark, Rosalind Heather. "Muddy Waters: Case Studies in Dry Land Water Resource Economics." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193898.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arizona like many other semi-arid regions in the world is facing a suite of policy issues that stem from water scarcity and security of supply issues intersecting with growing and competing water demands. A vexing issue in southern Arizona has been the preservation of riparian habitat. The study of environmental economics provides researchers with techniques to estimate the value of natural resources, such as riparian habitat, to level the playing field in policy discussions on development and water management. In Appendices B-D results from two hedonic property analyses suggest that homebuyers, one of the main consumers of riparian habitat in urban areas, have preferences for greener and higher condition riparian habitat and furthermore that they are willing to pay property premiums to benefit from this resource. There is also some evidence that riparian habitat conservation and restoration can be self-financing. The economics of another water using sector in the state, the recreation sector, specifically winter-based recreation, is assessed in Appendix E. The analysis finds that although ski areas in Arizona are subject to large inter-year variability in terms of snowfall and season length that snowmaking adaptations, a technology that is water-intensive, is financially feasible in the medium term as a climate variability and climate change adaptation. Nevertheless, ski areas in the state are likely to face increased financial pressures if climate change scenarios are realized and will have to implement other adaptation strategies to remain viable. Finally, water competition in the state between Indian and non-Indian users and the techniques used to dispel such tensions, namely water settlements, are discussed in Appendix F. The research finds that settlements offer opportunities for win-win agreements between the settling tribe and other water users in the same watersheds and for the introduction of new water supply management tools that benefit signatory and non-signatory parties alike.
14
Harper, Sarah. "Rural settlement within the hinterland of conurbations : case studies from Staffordshire and Hampshire." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1985. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e912bead-abbd-491f-aa95-b7d9c039b5eb.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The post war years have seen a steady flow of inmigration into the rural hinterlands of conurbations, eminating both from the surrounding rural areas and from the urban complexes themselves. By 1981 over one fifth of Britain's population was resident in a rural district, the majority falling within zones close to urban centres. This study, based on one year's participant observation in seven settlements within southern Staffordshire, part of the rural hinterland of the West Midlands Conurbation, and southern Hampshire, adjacent to the Southampton - Portsmouth axis, the South Hampshire Conurbation, assess this process. Using the technique of Cluster Analysis, three broad groupings of settlement are identified: the small agricultural settlement, the urbanised commuter village, and settlements in a process of transition between the two. The development of the case settlements, representatives of these three groupings, is assessed in relation to their historical and geographical context, with emphasis being placed on land tenure and local planning policy. An analysis is undertaken of the "hinterland population", the diverse populations now resident within the rural hinterlands. Nine broad groupings emerge from this population, identifiable with reference to socio-economic characteristics and ways of life, and these are examined in relation to their use, their environments, social networks and patterns of behaviour, and perceptions of their place of residence. These groups are represented in various proportions within each settlement type, in relation to the dominant housing class found there. As a result a variety of community forms are seen to be developing, with a polarisation of settlements along class lines. Running concurrently with this, two theoretical concepts are introduced based on the approach of Symbolic Interactionism. These are the Triadic Relationship, and Place Centredness, which provide a more humanistic framework for the analysis. The inclusion of these concepts enables an assessment to be made of the notions of "rurality" and "truly rural population".
15
Vidican, Sgouridis Georgeta. "Land reform and economic development : case study on Romania." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/17704.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2004.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-87).
Few social arrangements have affected so many people for so long in human history, as the laws and customs governing the ownership and use of land. Taking Romania as a case study, this thesis focuses on the institutional changes that accompany land reform (e.g., property rights, market services, rural financial services) and the role the state plays in the implementation process. The main hypothesis is that in developing countries, unsatisfactory forms of agrarian structure, and in particular the systems of land tenure, tend in a variety of ways to impede economic development. The results of this study illustrate that in Romania improper implementation of land reform had negative effects on development - further deterioration in the standard of living for the rural population, decline in real productivity, and lower production. Hence, one main conclusion is that the distribution of property rights in land is a necessary but not a sufficient condition for creating the basis for development. Redistribution of property rights in land has to be complemented with technical advice and more integrated cross-sector policies such as easy access to credit and agricultural inputs, production and social infrastructure. State involvement is crucial for supporting these services.
by Georgeta Vidican.
M.C.P.
16
Amara, Abdulkarim Mohamed K. "A socio-economic analysis of land settlement in Libya : the case of the Wadi Al Hai project." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2005. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1755/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study is concerned with the settlement and agricultural development process as it is taking place in the Wadi Al-Hai agricultural project and the influence of some socio-economic factors on the agricultural exploited area. The Wadi Al-Hai project is one of the most important agricultural development projects in Libya. It is located 85 km south-west of the capital city Tripoli, and includes 417 farms, with each farm being 25 hectares, and consisting of a modern house and all agricultural requirements. For the empirical study, two types of analysis will be used: - Descriptive statistical analysis: describing the study the main features of the structure of agriculture development in the Wadi Al-Hai area, and the economic situation of the farmers in the project. The data for this part were analyzed on the basis of simple but appropriate statistical measures, such as frequency ratios, means and distributions, standard error and the chi-square test. - Econometric Analysis: using economic statistical analysis and the relations between different economic and social variables in a set of mathematical models aiming to explore the potential contributions and influences of such factors in this project. In short, a log-linear cross sectional model is developed aiming at relating the relevant socio-economic factors to the exploited areas. Also the study is based on a survey of 105 settlement households located in the Wadi Al- Hai project. Key socio-economic characteristics of the farmers are related to their experience and quantitative survey data are supplemented by qualitative interview material. Additional documents were provided by the Council of Agricultural Development, Secretariat of Planning. The theoretical analysis is based on economic development and growth with reference to agriculture and agricultural development in Libya. A number of weaknesses in the project are identified such as in the operation of co-operatives, marketing arrangements, extension services and water management. In conclusion, some agricultural policy recommendations are made for the exploitation of natural resources and human resources in the project. Our initial results indicate that all the variables studied have statistically significant effects on the agricultural exploited area in the project.
17
Solh, Camillia Fawsi. "Egyptian migrant peasants in Iraq : a case-study of the settlement community in Khalsa." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1985. http://repository.royalholloway.ac.uk/items/d9b98d11-2c47-463d-8ea6-b82b0284d9a3/1/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1975, the Governments of Iraq and Egypt signed a bilateral agreement according to which Egyptian peasant families would be resettled in Iraq. One hundred settlers and their families arrived in 1976 in the Khalsa Settlement south of Baghdad, where each was given a house and the indefinite lease to a plot of land. The present study set out to discover the type of community which evolved in this Settlement given the fact that the Egyptian peasant families were recruited from different provinces in Egypt. It was assumed that the geographical remoteness of the home villages as well as the confrontation with a relatively alien socio-economic environment - cultural similarities between Egypt and Iraq notwithstanding - would serve to diminish the importance of the settler households' heterogeneous provincial origins and encourage the formation of a relatively cohesive community. The majority of the Egyptian peasant families included in the present study have not failed to take advantage of new economic opportunities which have come their way after resettlement. This has necessitated a certain change in social values and norms. It was found that there is a certain selectivity with regard to the extent to which values and norms have been modified in response to the demands of a new way of life after resettlement. This very selectivity has had an impact on the scope of male and female social networks in Khalsa and thus on the type of community of social control which has evolved in this Settlement.
18
Bloch, Alice Margaret. "Refugee migration and settlement : a case study of the London Borough of Newham." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268058.
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19
Wozniak, Joan Alice. "Exploring landscapes on Easter Island (Rapanui) with geoarchaeological studies : settlement, subsistence, and environmental changes /." view abstract or download file of text, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p3113031.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Oregon, 2003.Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 689-733). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users.
20
Amaya, Orellana Manuel. "Ejido land : how low-income groups gain access to urban land a case study of Tegucigalpa, Honduras." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76394.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaves 52-57.
by Manuel Amaya Orellana.
M.C.P.
21
Lassiter, Allison (Allison Blythe). "Assessing land conservation strategies : the case of the Florida Everglades." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/49536.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2009.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 66-70).
South Florida's Everglades is home to 67 threatened and endangered species. By 2100 it is estimated that sea level rise will inundate over 20% of existing conservation lands. Species will be dislocated and migrate to new land. Simultaneously, more than 500,000 people are moving to the region annually. The new populations are subdividing and developing rural lands. By 2100, it is estimated that over 60% of rural land will be urbanized. In this thesis, I use Geographic Information Systems to project the location of urban land, conservation land and inundated land in South Florida over the next 50 years. I assess fee simple purchase and conservation easements as potential methods of conveying land protection. I conclude that none of the current methods of conservation have the capacity to manage the large scale land protection that will be critical in the coming years, if we are to protect our species from the emergent and significant stressors of climate change and urbanization. I conclude that a major federal initiative based on purchasing deed restrictions and a new agency that specializes in monitoring will be necessary to quickly creating a large, adaptive ecological reserve network.
by Allison Lassiter.
M.C.P.
22
Al-Khalisi, Abrahim Jawad. "Comparative Analysis of Resettlement Policies in Third World Countries." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4609.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Settlement policy in the Third World has been stimulated by the availability of public land. This availability of public land has prompted many Third World countries to adopt policies or schemes called resettlement, transmigration, or land development. These have been presented as potential means for addressing numerous agendas held by Third World countries. Settlement policies have been used to increase agricultural production and make idle land productive. Spatial imbalances of population distribution have been addressed via settlement policies. For national security, settlement policies have been used to exploit frontier lands. Solutions to serious political problems including lack of agricultural self-sufficiency, poverty, landlessness, and unemployment have been sought through settlement policies. Huge amounts of financial resources have been invested in Third World planned settlements, however, their performance has not been very encouraging. If not completely abandoned by settlers, the settlements gave officials, planners, and policy makers cause for serious concern. For the most part, settlements have been costly relative to the number of settlers. In many instances, agricultural productivity was low. I have presented comparative case studies of land settlement policies which examine the factors that accounted for the success or failure of resettlement projects. I examined the resettlement projects from the point of view of the settlers in relation to the objectives of the policy makers. This study reports the findings of case studies concerning Iraq, Somalia, Ethiopia, the United Republic of Tanzania, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Israel. A comparative analysis of land settlement policies in Third World nations with varying political, social, and economic conditions is presented. It will be shown that land settlement policies in Third World countries, by and large, failed to reach objectives and are not now viewed as viable options for land development.
23
Flint, Reuben David, and 斐迪偉. "The sustainability and development of Hong Kong's land transport system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3195196X.
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Zhou, Yushuang. "Development of integrated prognostic models of land use/land cover change case studies in Brazil and China /." access full-text online access from Digital dissertation consortium, 2002. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3053828.
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25
Fabbriciani, Antonio Antonino. "Land reform policies and human rights : a South African case study." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/502.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This treatise begins with a discussion of different clauses of the Bill of Rights in the South African Constitution and the land reform policies of the South African government. The inequality and injustice caused by decades of apartheid land law forms the background of the land reform programme. The treatise addresses the consequences of this legacy on the implementation of the South African Constitution including the right to property. The discussion includes the three key elements of the land reform programme namely restitution, redistribution and tenure reform. The content of this treatise ranges over these three elements of land reform, applying constitutional issues to the relevant case law, The balancing and the reconciliation of rights and interest between the individual and the public in a just manner will be the barometer. The conclusion shows that the Constitution both protects existing rights and authorises the promotion of land reform within the framework of Section 25 of the Constitution, and that every aspect of the property clause has to be regarded as part of a constitional effort in balancing individual interest and public interest in terms of a constitutional order. It is my sincere hope that this treatise will contribute toward the achievement of equity, stability and by the values of an open and democratic society based on human dignity, freedom and human rights.
26
Wu, Wangke. "How land acquisition compensation is implemented : a case in Northern China." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/111364.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 108-116).
Land acquisition is the primary policy tool used by Chinese local governments to meet land demand for urban expansion and economic development. This thesis focuses on the compensation implementation of a land acquisition case in a fourth-tier city, demonstrating the evolution of compensation and the interplay among farmers, real estate developers and local governments. Cash and in-kind compensation (a resettlement apartment that cannot be transferred) make up "tangible" compensation. "Non-tangible" compensation includes social security, education resources, everyday budgeting know-how and other factors that can help farmers adjust from rural to urban living. This thesis evaluates monetary and non-monetary compensation in terms of value, distribution and other aspects. The findings indicate that the monetary land acquisition compensation in the selected case is higher than regional standards. However, there were ambiguities in both the monetary compensation value and distribution. As the case study was analyzed in greater depth, the importance of non-monetary compensation gradually came to the surface. Regarding this type of compensation, in considering the perspective of relocated farmers, this thesis demonstrates that relocated villagers are still subject to various uncertainties in their lack of social security, appropriate skills to participate in the urban labor market, education resources and everyday budgeting know-how. On the basis of this case study, I suggest that to deal with the problems in land acquisition, Chinese local governments should allow landless farmers to participate in the compensation scheme design and should provide a more comprehensive compensation package to help farmers' transition to urban life. In addition, I also propose that the government should encourage more community engagement when carrying out land acquisitions.
by Wangke Wu.
M.C.P.
27
Junge, Justin Andrew. "GIS Spatial Analysis of Arctic Settlement Patterns| A Case Study in Northwest Alaska." Thesis, Portland State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10600719.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Archaeologists have been interested in relationship between environmental variability and cultural change for the last six decades. By understanding how, when, and why humans adapt to environmental change, archaeologists and anthropologists can better understand the development and complexity of human cultures. In northwest Alaska, archaeologists hypothesize that environmental variability was a major factor in both growing coastal population density, with large aggregated villages and large houses, between 1000 and 500 years ago (ya), and subsequent decreasing population density between 500 ya and the contact era. After 500 ya people are thought to have dispersed to smaller settlements with smaller house sizes in coastal areas, and perhaps, upriver. This settlement pattern was identified through research at four site locations over 30 years ago. The changing geographic distribution of sites, associated settlement size, and house size has not been examined in detail. A more careful examination of changing northwest Alaskan settlement patterns is needed before larger questions about socio-economic organization can be addressed. I use Geographic Information Systems (GIS) to evaluate the evidence for a geographic redistribution of Arctic peoples during the Late Holocene.
I constructed a database of settlement location and site attribute information, specifically the number of houses within each settlement and the size (m 2). Data were collected from a dataset of Western Arctic National Parklands (WEAR), the Alaska Heritage Resource Survey (AHRS) database of archaeological sites in Alaska, 409 unpublished site reports and field notes curated by the National Park Service (NPS) and Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), and the results of recent fieldwork in northwest Alaska. A total of 486 settlements were identified within the northwest Alaska with 128 settlements having temporal and site attribute data.
I incorporated settlement size data into a GIS database and then carried out global, Moran’s I, local Moran’s I, and local Getis-Ord spatial analyses to test whether settlement redistribution occurred and if key settlement locations shifted after 500 ya. The site attribute data (number of houses and average size of houses) are used to test the additional aspects of the proposed settlement pattern change after 500 ya. A total of 83 settlements with 465 houses are used to test if the average size of settlements and average house size changed after 500 ya.
The results of the spatial analyses indicate no statistically significant patterns in the spatial distribution of settlements. Site attribute analysis shows no statistical difference in the average number of houses per village or the average size of houses before or after 500 ya. The results of this work build our understanding of regional settlement patterns during the late Holocene. By testing settlement pattern change, i.e. settlement distribution, settlement size, and house size, future research into settlement pattern change can begin to evaluate likely causes for the observed changes. My method, specifically the use of GIS as a method for testing settlement pattern change, can be applied to other regions and temporal scales.
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McKay, Shannon Ashley. "Land use politics southern style : the case of cash proffers in Virginia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/73801.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 311-327).
The linkage between the political dynamics at the state level and actual implementation of land use regulations at the local level is the focus of this dissertation. This focus is explored through the genesis and efficacy of cash proffers, a land use regulatory tool in Virginia. Using a mixed methods approach, I answer research questions on how and why cash proffers came into existence; are implemented; and affect housing development. The importance of this dissertation topic stems from the uniqueness of the case. Virginia is the only state in the United States using cash proffers on such a large-scale as a growth management tool. It is important to understand whether this tool has applicability beyond Virginia. Further, the "politics of land use" are complicated with important consequences for society. We need to understand the role of state level interest groups in the efficacy of local land use regulations, as well as, how the dynamics underlying these regulations at the local level feedback into the statewide debate on growth management and land use. Finally, the costs of servicing new development with public infrastructure have rapidly increased over time. Localities are in search of new revenue sources to cover these infrastructure costs. This dissertation addresses whether cash proffers can be considered as one such source. Through historical analysis of archival materials as well as interviews, I find that cash proffers were an unintended practice resulting from the implementation of state-approved conditional zoning at the local level political process. Data collected through a self-conducted statewide survey of Virginia counties plus state mandated revenue reports shows counties trying to add more certainty to their implementation of cash proffers in the face of the tool's high revenue variability. Multivariate regression results for a short panel of counties suggest that a county's cash proffer activity is negatively associated with new housing construction.
by Shannon Ashley McKay.
Ph.D.
29
Lee, Cliff Keak Le. "Inegration of land use and transportation planning : Singapore as a case study." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68330.
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30
Jacobs, Cameron Lee. "Socio-historical research and land tenure in South Africa: a case study of land tenure rights on the Northern Cape farm of Melkkraal." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3782.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the research was to clarify and explain the land tenure relations of a farming community called Melkkraal situated in the Northern Cape such that development assistance could be rendered to them by the Department of Land Affairs (DLA).The Melkkraal farm has been owned by various members of the Kotze family since 1834 and through the process of testate and intestate succession has passed from one generation to the next. At present the farm is owned by seven members of the Kotze family in a co-ownership. However, it is also a home to twenty-six households of which three have a legal title to the land as co-owners. The remaining households have occupied the land through a haphazard process of acquiring oral permission from some of the co-owners and non-owning residents, some for as long as sixty five years. This has led to a tenure conundrum because the way in which the Melkkraal farm is registered means that neither the twenty six families who use the land, nor the seven co-owners can access the DLA assistance or effectively assert authority to make development decisions. As a result, the community requested the Surplus Peoples Project and the Environmental Monitoring Group (EMG) to advise them on the steps they would need to gain access to the DLA assistance and to better manage the land. During January 2004, SPP and EMG undertook to investigate and report on the nature and content of the rights of the members of the community in relation to the rights of the co-owners so that the community could be assisted to formulate a strategy for the achievement of their developmental objectives. In February 2004, SPP conducted an extensive research study on how the community members hold, use and transact rights in land. While participatory action research was the overall research paradigm, the particular research technique used for the Melkkraal case study was participatory rural appraisal (PRA). PRA is an action research tool or technique that involves community members defining and working to solve local concerns. As a result of the use of PRA the following research phases were drafted: The first phase of the research entailed the collection and analysis of archival data to develop an understanding of the co-ownership and its co-owners and to develop a genealogy of the co-ownership. The second phase entailed conducting field work at Melkkraal in terms of interviewing the heads of each household as well as an interview with the land management committee. Phase three entailed a follow up visit to Melkkraal, a presentation of a progress report, a participatory mapping session and a focus group workshop on the various land uses at Melkkraal. The final phase of the research included another follow up visit to Melkkraal, the completion of the research analysis and the development of a final report that was presented to the community. The final presentation entailed a workshop explaining the land rights of the various households and a discussion of the way forward. The research findings revealed that very little difference exists between the non-owning residents and the co-owners in terms of how land is used and transacted. This was attributed to the evolution of the social land ethic such that one can speak of the Melkkraal farm as a common property regime. Therefore, in practice there is no difference between a non-owning resident and a co-owner. The findings also revealed that just cause can be shown to apply for a declaratory order to invoke the Interim Protection of Informal Rights Act 31 of 1996. A successful application will mean that the existing informal rights in land of the non-owning residents will be elevated to the status of real rights in property.
31
Ngamsirijit, Wuttigrai. "Manufacturing flexibility improvement : case studies and survey of Thai automotive industry." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2008. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10552/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To deal with dynamic and uncertain business environments, agile manufacturing is of interest to academics and practitioners. However, in order to achieve agile manufacturing, one of its dimensions is of major importance - manufacturing flexibility. It is not possible to achieve agile manufacturing with ineffective management of manufacturing flexibility. Most firms acknowledge how flexibility can be improved but few can successfully implement it to its full potential. In addition, manufacturing firms today tend to improve and implement manufacturing flexibility at a strategic level. This means higher perception of benefits and better awareness of risks. This research studied the current awareness and practices of manufacturing flexibility improvement in a manufacturing setting, particularly the Thai automotive industry. Through case studies, they can extract more information about the experiences of companies in the planning, implementation and operations of manufacturing flexibility. Thus, the following contributions were made: First, this research will provide comprehensive overviews and insights on various manufacturing flexibility improvements on aspects of pragmatic management perspectives. Second, this research explored the issues or factors taken into account when manufacturing firms, especially Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs), improve their flexibility. Third, the research also explored and validated the major problems in achieving manufacturing flexibility and operating issues critical to manufacturing flexibility performance within manufacturing and supply chain aspects, especially suppliers. The underlying concepts to enhance manufacturing flexibility as well as barriers and enhancers of manufacturing flexibility within individuals and between OEMs and suppliers can be then obtained. In consequence, a framework of manufacturing flexibility improvement incorporating key elements from case studies and surveys was derived. Finally, the decision-making framework including managerial guidance and strategic evaluation methodology for better evaluating flexibility improvement strategies and achieving manufacturing flexibility were developed and tested. This is sought to create a formal and rational process that guides manufacturers through the strategic evaluation process in relation to manufacturing flexibility improvement. These can be the basis for follow up research in a specific area within flexibility improvement and enhance the development/deployment of flexibility in automotive and other manufacturing enterprises. Overall, an operations strategy can be well established and the highest level of manufacturing flexibility can be achieved. Hence, the firm can maintain or increase its competitive advantages and profitability under uncertain circumstances of manufacturing and supply chain.
32
Stein, Julie Iris. "Affirmatively furthering fair housing : overcoming barriers to implementation of the Westchester County, NY false claims case settlement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/59583.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
"June 2010." Cataloged from student submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Westchester County, NY was sued by the Anti-Discrimination Center of Metro New York, Inc. (ADC) under the False Claims Act for allegedly failing to meet its Affirmatively Further Fair Housing obligation for Community Development Block Grant funds received between 2000 and 2006. While Westchester County argued that it had an impressive affordable housing development record, ADC claimed that the County had not done the required Analysis of Impediments to fair housing choice vis-à-vis race and that the County had not taken steps to overcome known impediments to fair housing stemming from racial discrimination and segregation. The lawsuit ended in an August 2009 settlement that requires Westchester County to spend $51.6 million to build 750 units of affordable housing by 2016 in the 31 municipalities in Westchester with the lowest percentage of minority residents. This case could set a precedent for areas nationwide that have historically resisted residential desegregation. This thesis examines the challenges faced by stakeholders when implementing a court-ordered fair housing plan. It asks the question: In the face of various barriers to implementation, how does Westchester County get the required affordable Affirmatively Furthering Fair Housing units built in compliance with both the letter and the spirit of the settlement? To frame the setting of the lawsuit and settlement, this thesis describes the history of the development of Westchester County and examines the federal housing policy context that shaped its suburban landscape. I then provide a detailed case study of the Westchester County False Claims lawsuit, settlement agreement, and implementation plan. Finally, I analyze barriers that the Westchester County Executive's Office will face in trying to implement the settlement agreement, and I provide political, policy and design recommendations for overcoming these barriers.
by Julie Iris Stein.
M.C.P.
33
Hoaes, Ingrid Emmy. "Does post-settlement support play a role in the success of land reform? : the case of resettlement beneficiaries in Namibia." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/4093.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis ((MPhil (Sustainable Development Planning and Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The research deals with post-settlement support in Namibia‟s land reform process. Post-settlement support (PSS) is seen as vital and critical in all land and agrarian reform processes, as can be told from experiences worldwide. Its absence or presence can have a number of consequences or successes in the whole process. PSS can be viewed as the “after care” to be provided by government to new farmers after resettling them. It could be in the form of financial support, extension services and maintenance of infrastructure as well as training services for the farmers. The paper deals with the current status of post-settlement support in the country for land a reform beneficiary, who provides PSS, if it is provided and how it is done. It further looks at perceptions and practices about land reform, in some regions of the world as well as in Namibia. The methodology used was through extensive literature review of policy documents, interviews with different stakeholders and two case studies, looking at beneficiaries of the land reform, specifically the national land resettlement programme beneficiaries. The paper found that there is definitely a link between the poor productivity and lack of PSS in Namibia‟s land reform process. PSS is not consistent; it is selected or sometimes randomly carried out. Most of the PSS programmes currently provided is not initiated by government but by donor agencies and Non-governmental organisations. There is no coordination between the different stakeholders such as the line ministries. The paper illustrates that choosing the correct beneficiaries of the land reform process is vital in achieving sustainable, land use and management, as well as equitable land redistribution in an arid Namibia.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie navorsing handel oor ondersteuning wat hervestigde boere ontvang na vestiging. Die ondersteuning aan hervestigdes is krities en belangrik in alle fasette van grond en landbou hervormings prosesse. Die huidige wêreld verleen groot steun aan hierdie gevolgtrekking. Daarvoor hou die toepasing oftewel nie-toepasing van na-hervestigings ondersteuning groot risiko vir die sukses van die hele hervestigings proses. Hierdie tipe ondersteuning vir hervestigdes kan as 'n noodsaaklike na diens wat die staat kan lewer aan die nuwe grond eienaars. Sulke ondersteuning deur die staat kan verskeie vorms inneem. Dit kan geskied deur finansielle hulp oftewel landbou dienste wat ook die instandhouding van plaas infrastruktuur kan behels. In hierdie navorsing kyk ons na opvattings rakende hervestigings ondersteuining soos ervaar deur die hervestigdes. Die navorsing is gebaseer op literatuur van reg-oor die wereld aangaande hierdie vraag stuk. Ons het ook onderhoude gevoer met verskillende belanghebbendes met twee gevalle studies wat handel oor die ervarringe van hervestigdes. Die navorsing vind dat daar 'n definitiewe verband tussen swak produksie opbrengste en na-hervestiging ondersteuning is. Ons vind dat hierdie tipe ondersteuning ad hoc is met baie min koordinering deur die staat masjienery. Ons vind dat dit op die lange duur belangrik is om die regte mense te selekteer vir hervestiging programme, veral as in ag geneem word dat Namibie 'n taamlike droë land is.
34
Johnson, Erik A. "County-Level Land Use Planning Policies and Regulations Impacting the Pattern of Settlement in Utah County, Utah." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 1988. http://patriot.lib.byu.edu/u?/MTGM,19181.
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35
Choi, Chung-ming, and 蔡頌明. "Land contamination and its remediation methods: a case study in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125312X.
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36
Ghosh, Anindita 1966. "The use of domestic space for income generation in a low-income housing settlement : case study in Calcutta, India." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=69775.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The urban poor of the third world cities living in slums and squatter settlements often have to support themselves or augment their meagre and uncertain incomes with small-scale business enterprises. This deceptively marginal sector of the urban economy in reality plays a vital role as a major percentage of the urban population are poor. These enterprises are, more often than not, home-based due to their lack of resources. The squalid and congested living conditions in these settlements are thus further compromised by setting up these commercial endeavour, but it is essential for their livelihood as employment opportunities occupy a primary position in their list of priorities.This thesis studies the phenomenon of people in low-income housing settlements using their own homes for income generating activities and the compromise between the various uses of the same space. A field study was undertaken in a typical bustee in Calcutta, India to help illustrate this phenomenon. Sample surveys of a number of households where small-scale economic activity takes place were taken and studied in detail. How the integration of such activities in their daily living environment shapes, changes and influences their living patterns forms the main focus of the study.
37
Lung, Hoi-yan, and 龍凱茵. "The impacts of land development on ecological conservation in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125469X.
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38
Niraula, Bhanu Bhakta. "Land holding education and desired family size in rural Nepal : the case of Shivaganj village." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/123196.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the inter-relationships between
measures of socio-economic status and levels of fertility.
Socio-economic status is measured by ownership of land
holding, education, and caste/ethnicity. Levels of fertility
are measured by desired family size and number of children
ever born. The study is based on data collected from 241
households in a village in the eastern terai region of Nepal
during December-January 1986-1987. The sample consists of 107
female respondents and 134 male respondents.
Fertility is found to be a non-linear function of land
holding and education. Desired family size and children ever
born are found to be higher for those who owned land, rented
land from others, and were literate. To a certain degree,
both an increase in the size of land holding and schooling up
to five years are found to be associated with increasing
levels of fertility, after which fertility tends to decline.
There are no marked differentials in desired family size and
children ever born across categories of caste/ethnic
respondents, except for the indigeneous terai group. The
terai group has lower fertility than all other groups.
Economic and other expectations from children are high for all
categories of respondents except the higher schooling group,
underlining the importance of education.
The study village is in the first phase of fertility
transition. Although knowledge of contraception has reached a
wide spectrum of the society, only a quarter of all couples
were found to be contracepting . The latent demand for
contraception is thus considerable in the study village.
39
Rockwell, Sarah M. "Alternative techniques for resolving land use disputes : two case studies in Denver, Colorado." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/77514.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 1985.MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH.
Bibliography: leaf 90.
by Sarah M. Rockwell.
M.C.P.
40
Naranjo-Preciado, Veronica. "A case study of land use plans and regulations in downtown Mexico City." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69386.
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41
Wong, Kok Wai. "Planning proposals and land value change : a case study of Singapore using GIS." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70699.
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42
Lucenet, Frederic Pascal. "Land for housing the poor through urban agriculture : the case of Lusaka, Zambia." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76003.
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43
Schofield, A. J. "The interpretation of surface lithic collections : Case studies from Southern England." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382963.
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44
Tinney, Joseph Millar. "Integration and Muslim identities in settlement : a comparative study of Germany, The Netherlands and Switzerland." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2067.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I adopt an interpretive methodology through which I investigate the becoming of Muslim identities in three national integration discourses. I analyse the meanings of integration in abstract, in context and through texts across contexts, and working within a broadly critical constructivist approach, I seek to show how integration discourses have an underlying security complex which explains how they come to be framed with Muslims in mind. To analyse integration I outline a new generic concept of settlement which I refer to as habilitation and which means enabling or endowing with ability or fitness. I then argue for an analytical separation of habilitative strategies, models and approaches, and thus remove integration from its generic descriptive status to one of strategy, model or approach. This I argue is justified in the discursive distinctions made in every-day language and meaning. I then investigate three broad habilitative models: multiculturalism, integration and assimilation. My primary data has been gathered in interviews with individuals acting as representatives of Muslim communities - Imams, organisation leaders, political activists and factory workers – corporate and societal actors such as Trade Unionists, Church representatives and state elites – policy advisers and integration officers. Muslim interviewees emphasised widespread use of distortion and mis-identification. I have defined such distortions as synecdoche. This is a two way process in which the individual is held responsible for the whole and in reverse direction, the whole being held responsible for individual action. The power of synecdoche to compress or expand Muslim identities is distortive and serves to reinforce the alterity of Muslims. In addition I identify another layer of othering which I call ulteriorisation. This involves placing identities under suspicion and is accomplished through a range of aspersive renderings – ambiguous loyalties, secularity, enclaving, underclass formation, and anti-integrationism. Ulteriorisation is understood to feed into broader securitisation of communities, society and polity. In conclusion I look at possible research directions and finish by emphasising that the integrity of Integration will be judged by the willingness of parties to negotiate and the quality of voluntarism and solidarity these processes produce.
45
Qiu, Yun. "Managing quality in the Chinese context : case studies of Shanghai manufacturing industries." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/14386/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Most ideas of industrial Quality Management (QM) originated in the USA and Japan, and have since spread globally. New QM models and concepts have been developed, disseminated and adopted (or indeed adapted) in many countries. Considering the evolution QM thinking over the last few decades, many QM models and concepts involve both 'hard' and 'soft' aspects. The former may involve use of procedures and a range of tools and techniques; whereas soft aspects are concerned with human factors such as culture. Much current literature in the QM field tends to emphasize the hard aspects. The author, however, argues that it is important to understand and investigate the soft aspects (particularly the organizational culture and management practices, the relationships between QM and culture) in an organization, which are key success factors for successful QM implementation. On the other hand, many researchers have studied QM dissemination and adoption phenomena from the perspectives of both management fashion and diffusion theory. Following Abrahamson (1996), this research proposed that QM initiatives can be considered as management fashions, disseminated from 'fashion-setter' (i.e. the supply side) to 'fashion-consumer' (i.e. the demand side), and the impact and results being influenced by various adoption factors. While trends in academic and professional publication rates related to QM initiatives can help to identify fashionable approaches on the supply side, there was lack of empirical evidence to explain the behaviour of 'fashion-consumers' on the demand side, in an international context (e.g. why do managers adopt certain QM tools? What are their criteria for decision-making on QM adoption?). This research aimed to explore the behaviour of 'fashion-consumers', so as to fully understand the QM dissemination and adoption process, in a Chinese context. Because of its economic importance, large manufacturing industry and distinct culture, China plays an important role in the global supply chain, and has attracted academic interests from various fields. Therefore, the author focused on the . management of quality in Chinese manufacturing industry; to provide insights into the relationships between QM, organizational culture and national culture; and explain the phenomenon of dissemination and adoption of QM from the perspective of Chinese fashion-consumers, based on multiple case-studies of Shanghai manufacturing industry. The research was based primarily on interviews with managers at six case-study companies, supplemented by interviews with quality experts and professionals. The Competing Values Framework (CVF) was used to characterize organizational culture, in the context of this primarily qualitative study. The key outcomes of this research relate to: 1) the development and current status of QM implementation in companies with different ownership types; 2) the organizational culture issues in companies with different ownership types; 3) the relationships between QM and culture; and 4) a dissemination and adoption framework for QM that contains nine observed dissemination and adoption factors, and is compatible with current theory relating to management fashions and also diffusion of innovations. The research has made a contribution to knowledge in all these four areas, while extending general understanding of QM dissemination in the context of current theory. It has provided framework and a richer knowledge of dissemination, adoption and 'soft' aspects of QM in the Chinese context, and of relationships between QM and culture from organizational and national culture perspectives. The differences observed among enterprises with different ownership types are of particular note. The application of CVF to complement qualitative research is also considered a methodological advance.
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Thawesaengskulthai, Natcha. "Selecting quality management and improvement initiatives : case studies of industries in Thailand." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10298/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many organisations invest a considerable amount of capital and resources, implementing new techniques to improve their operating performance. Many approaches and techniques are available. New fashionable methods tend to displace older approaches, which may still have value. An effective strategy for selecting and implementing improvement initiatives is an important issue to ensure stakeholder satisfaction. This research aims to investigate quality management and continuous improvement practices, study and analyse several approaches leading to continuous improvement (CI), then construct a framework to assist senior management teams, by providing a decision aid for selecting improvement initiatives. Six key improvement approaches including Total Quality Management (TQM), Six Sigma, ISO9001, Business Process Reengineer (BPR), Lean production (Lean), Business Excellence framework (BE) were selected as the focus in this study. The research was carried out in three phases. Phase One established a conceptual background for the adoption of CI initiatives based on qualitative and quantitative studies of the literature. It described the two decision criteria of fashion setting and pay-offs. Phase Two provided empirical studies of the Quality Management (QM) approaches adopted in three case companies in Thailand. Different decision criteria for the selection of CI approaches were identified from these case studies, together with suggestions from fourteen quality experts and two additional case companies. In-depth analyses of each case study plus interviews with quality experts provided a context and guidance in development of the decision-aid framework for selecting CI approaches. Then in Phase Three the decision-aid framework was proposed, verified, and refined in testing with a multinational case company of four different plants in the Asia Pacific region and two groups of Small and Medium Size Enterprises (SMEs) using action research and assessment questionnaires. The primary outcome of this research is a decision-aid for selecting CI approaches, which demonstrated high utility in practice. The main contributions of this research are a decision-aid for selecting CI initiatives, which was developed and tested, and a number of advancements to the theory of QM and CI, the theory of management fashion, and the application of operations strategy in the QM context.
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Morapeli, Matšeliso. "Land management institutions at the community level : the case of village land allocation committees in Lesotho." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29998.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Replacement of traditional land administration institutions with modern institutions has been one of the strategies used by the Lesotho Government to solve land management problems. This thesis uses a case study approach to analyze the effectiveness of one modern institution, the Village Land Allocation Committees (VLAC), at the community level in Lesotho.
Customarily, land in Lesotho was allocated by traditional chiefs who could for various purposes revoke it. The system was allegedly open to abuse and under the Land Act 1979, the authority to allocate land was shifted from traditional chiefs to the VLAC, which is partly elected and partly nominated by the government. The thinking behind this change was that VLAC would be more democratic and efficient, representing local as well as national interests.
The study consists of three stages: a) review of background literature on Lesotho; b) a comparison of land tenure reforms in Tanzania, Kenya and Botswana; and c) field research carried out through questionnaires administered to VLAC members, community members and government officials responsible for land administration at the community level in Lesotho.
Conclusions drawn from this study are that lack of clear policy guidelines, lack of connection between land allocation and the overall planning and lack of meaningful community participation in the land allocation process, are among the major problems in the operation of VLAC.
The study's major recommendations are: a) integrating land allocation with the overall land use planning; b) recognizing the continuing influence of traditional institutions and incorporating them into VLAC activities; c) providing VLAC with clearer goals and necessary resources; and d) building a planning and evaluation component into VLAC procedures. The need for further research on the composition and election process of VLAC is identified.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Mascoop, Daniel R. "High-speed rail and local land development : case studies in London and Las Vegas." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/113807.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2017.Page 142 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 141-151).
This thesis explores the relationship between high-speed rail development, local rail station development and land development. The efficacy of a high-speed rail system depends, in part, upon rail stations' locations close to urban centers and integration into the broader transportation networks and urban realm. Through economies of agglomeration, high-speed rail can bring wider economic benefits to regions, cities and local areas. Transit-oriented development can be used as a strategy to capture these local-level benefits and also bring urban development to the highspeed rail system. In order to evaluate these relationships, this thesis examines two case studies. In the United Kingdom, the government chose St. Pancras Station as the London terminus for High-Speed 1, the first high-speed rail route in the UK. Although protected under historic landmark status, St. Pancras Station had been neglected for decades and required an E800 million refurbishment. This project also opened up new land, which currently is being developed as part of the 3 billion mixed-use project. Property values in the vicinity of the station have increased significantly, and this project has garnered wide acclaim for its architectural and place-making achievements. XpressWest, a private high-speed rail developer founded in 2005, is proposing to build and operate a high-speed rail line between Victorville, California, and Las Vegas, Nevada. XpressWest plans to compete mainly with driving, since this is the most common mode of transportation on this corridor. A benefit-cost analysis shows that the project likely will have net negative impacts when considering only transportation benefits, such as time-savings. Wider economic benefits, however, could be on the order of billions of dollars, and have the potential to exceed the project's costs. In conducting stakeholder analyses and in comparing these two case studies, this thesis determines that high-speed rail systems have the potential to generate a variety of local social and economic benefits, which are valued differently by different stakeholders. Through collaboration, these stakeholders may ensure that these local benefits are maximized. As long as these benefits hold value to the relevant stakeholders, there may be opportunities for local benefits to exceed the costs of infrastructure development.
by Daniel R. Mascoop.
M.C.P.
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Chileshe, Roy Alexander. "Land tenure and rural livelihoods in Zambia: case studies of Kamena and St. Joseph." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study explores how land and natural resources in rural communities are accessed, used, and managed in livelihoods. In particular it examines first, crop field tenure, and livelihoods in natural resources. Second it explores factors that mediate access, use and control of land and natural resources within village communities. Empirical data are explored from two rural village communities of Kamena and St. Joseph located in the Northern and Copperbelt provinces of Zambia respectively. The study argues first that land and natural resource rights underpin land based livelihood activities of rural people, the most important of which are subsistence and cash crop farming, and the gathering and processing of common property resources. Second the thesis argues that land tenure reform impacts on the rural population as a whole and not just on cash crop farmers, and should thus situate the needs of farmers for secure tenure within the wider context of diverse rural household livelihood strategies. The study concludes that social differences (along the axes of wealth, gender and descent), traditional institutions (uxorilocal or virilocal marriage, polygamy, inheritance and succession) and government policy are central in determining access, use and control of land and natural resources in rural livelihoods. It is submitted that, rather than being replaced, customary land tenure, and traditional land administration structures in rural Zambia should be adapted to current social and economic realities in which individuals and households create their multiple livelihoods. Further, it is concluded that land tenure reform is not a sufficient condition for rural livelihood sustainability. Thus complementary agrarian measures to address the vulnerability context of rural households are recommended.
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Power, James. "Land use and vegetation change in agricultural landscapes : case studies from north-west Ireland." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.267681.
Повний текст джерела