Дисертації з теми "Lagune Méditerranéennes"
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Daoudi, Mouna. "Peuplements phytoplanctoniques, risques toxiques et qualité de l'eau de deux lagunes méditerranéennes : lagune de Nador (Maroc) et lagune de Canet-St-Nazaire (France)." Perpignan, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PERP1091.
David, Marine. "Influence des apports d'eaux souterraines sur le fonctionnement hydrologique et biogéochimique des lagunes méditerranéennes : cas de la lagune de l'Or." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG039.
At the interface between the continent and the sea, Mediterranean lagoons are vulnerable to excessive nutrient inputs from anthropogenic activities, causing eutrophication of the water bodies. Even management actions have been implemented on the watershed to reduce nutrient fluxes to the coastal zone, some lagoons remain in a bad ecological status according to the Water Frame Directive, highlighting the need for improving our understanding of the land-sea continuum. On the Mediterranean coast, little is known on groundwater inputs, their associated nutrient fluxes and their impact on lagoons in a bad ecological status. The aim of this PhD thesis was to improve our understanding of two main hydrological processes associated with groundwater: 1) continental groundwater inputs, as a new nutrient source to the lagoon from the adjacent aquifers and 2) pore water recirculation, driving nutrient from sediments to the water column through advective water flow, as a regenerated nutrient source. Or lagoon, whose bad ecological status has not improved over the last decade despite management actions, was chosen as a study site. Investigations the watershed revealed that important loads of nitrogen, originating from continental groundwater, was discharged to the lagoon through the streams. Experiments on lagoon sediments suggested that the muddy characteristics of Or lagoon induced low pore water recirculation fluxes. Hence, the majority of groundwater inputs to Or lagoon occurs through the streams from the continental aquifer. An annual nutrient budget enabled to conclude that given the importance of two main contributors (canalette and Rhône to Sète canal), groundwater inputs are not the major nutrient source to Or lagoon. The work carried out in this lagoon in a bad ecological status contributes to improving our understanding of nutrient fluxes on the land-sea continuum, in order to prioritize actions to be implemented to reach a good ecological status on Mediterranean lagoons
Regis, Julie. "Impact des hypoxies sur la mobilité des nutriments et ETMM présents dans les sédiments des lagunes méditerranéennes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nîmes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NIME0002.
Studies carried out in recent years have shown that oxygen concentration in the water column is the main factor controlling all biogeochemical reactions in surface sediment, as well as controlling transfers of nutrients, trace elements (TE) at the sediment water interface (SWI). Three lagoons on France’s Mediterranean coast (Berre, Thau and Prévost) are among the world’s most eutrophied coastal zones impacted by hypoxia episodes, with high accumulations of nutrients, metals and metalloids in their sediment. They are also characterized by different benthic habitats, some of which include macrophytes, which have been shown to regulate nutrient flux at IES. This thesis project aims to better understand the impact of deoxygenation phenomena on the mobility of nutrients and TE present in Mediterranean lagoon sediment, in the presence of different benthic habitats representing their eutrophication gradient. The results show that the Berre lagoon is the site most impacted by long-lasting (1 week) and seasonal episodes of deoxygenation; the Prévost lagoon exhibits wide nycthemeral variations, going from hypoxia to hyperoxia in less than 12 h during the summer season; the Thau lagoon site seems the most resilient about deoxygenation. Under summer conditions, sediment and porewater concentrationprofiles show enrichments in nutrients and sulfides in the substrates of benthic habitats in lagoons with the most advanced eutrophication status (Berre and Prévost), and also in the presence of macroalgae (Prévost and Thau). These enrichments are the result of strong organic matter mineralization, and the more reducing conditions in these habitats binding the TE (As, Sb, Cd, Pb, Zn, Ni, Cu, Co, Hgtot) to the solid phase of the sediment. Comparison with available environmental thresholds enables us to identify habitats in the Berre lagoon that are highly at risk in terms of eutrophication support, remobilization of TE at SWI and ecotoxicological risk. The acquisition of dissolved oxygen concentration gradients within the benthic boundary layer (BBL) at high temporal resolution has enabled us to identify the high oxygen demand of sediment in the Berre lagoon and the nighttime deoxygenations resulting from the presence of opportunistic macroalgae in the Prévost lagoon. The punctual acquisition of concentration gradients illustrates nutrient exports from the sediment to the water column that are more intense under anoxic and euxinic conditions, and exports ofMn, Fe, As, Co under hypoxic conditions. However, concentration gradients under euxinic conditions indicate the trapping of TE (Mn, Fe, Cu,Mo) with the sulfide phases of the sediment. In addition, in situ and ex situ incubation experiments under "forced" deoxygenation conditions for the various benthic habitats present at these three sites yielded SWI fluxes that also followed this trend. Nutrient fluxes were shown to intensify following deoxygenation in eutrophied bare sediment habitats affected by deoxygenation (Berre) and specifically in habitats containing opportunistic (Prévost) and perennial (Thau) macroalgae. For these same habitats, the most intense exports of TE (Mn, Fe, As, Co, V , Mo) were measured under hypoxic and anoxic conditions, while fluxes decreased or reversed under euxinic conditions. This comparative and experimental field approach brings an integrative biogeochemical perspective on the chemical quality of sediment in lagoon environments undergoing re-oligotrophication. It provides a context for their great temporal variability, as well as their vulnerability to climate change
Lagarde, Franck. "Écologie de la reproduction de l'huître Crassostrea gigas en lagune méditerranéenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS470.
The Mediterranean lagoons host many anthropogenic uses including shellfish aquaculture since the beginning of the 20th century. Imported in 1970, the cupped oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has adapted perfectly and has allowed an important development of oyster’s industry until 2008, the year of occurrence of spat outbreak related to the emergence of an Ostreid Herpes-virus µvar. The scarcity of spat and the speculation on this product changed regionally cultural practices and the supply of juveniles, with in particular the wish of developing a local activity of spat collection. However the cycle of reproduction of the species and the recruitment of juveniles were poorly known in lagoon environments. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to characterize the variability of the reproduction and the recruitment of the cupped oyster in Mediterranean lagoon. The lagoon configuration offers the advantages of productivity for the broodstock and hydrodynamic connectivity for the larvae. However, it appears that the ecological functioning of the system at the base of the primary production plays an essential role on the trophic resources for the success of oyster reproduction. This work takes place in the context of the ecological restoration under oligotrophication, which first effects we describe on the oyster's reproductive cycle
Bec, Béatrice. "Dynamique du picophytoplancton dans les lagunes méditerranéennes du Languedoc-Roussillon et de Corse." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30218.
Located at the land-sea interface, coastal lagoons exhibit a large variety of hydrological and geomorphological conditions, particularly interesting to study the picophytoplankton dynamics. Among 24 lagoons, the autotroph picoplankton is represented by phycoerythrin-rich cyanobacteria (CYAN), phycocyanin-rich cyanobacteria and picoeukaryotes (PEUK). Salinity, turbidity and nutrient load are the main factors determining the dominance and variations in abundance of the three picoplanktonic components. Most lagoons exhibit a steady-state regime where continuous nutrient supplies, mainly coming from sewage treatment plants, are instantly absorbed by massive picoeukaryote blooms. Nanophytoplankton (NANO) development is limited to lagoons under the direct influence of river inputs leading to high nutrient pulses. The size difference between CYAN, PEUK and NANO impacts on their nutrient acquisition and growth potentials determining their distribution along the eutrophication gradient
Yahyaoui, Ahlem. "Conflits d'usage environnementaux sur les rives de la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie) : une mise en perspective méditerranéenne." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0706/document.
The dissertation seeks to recognize the socio-spatial meanings of dynamic conflicts related to the environment in the lagoon and to assess its effects in terms of environmental governance as well. The analysis concentrates on the reasons and the genesis of the actors’ oppositions at work around the lagoon of Bizerte (Tunisia) and the pond of Berre (Marseille). Putting the light on these conflicts represents an issue for the integrated wetland management. This topic has been tackled on by other researchers. However, it remains a major interest due to the knowledge and the originality of the territory. Particularly, the thesis raises the question of the potential impacts that conflicts can have on organizations and institutions in place. In fact, is it possible that public action will be renewed to follow the emergence or conflicts regulation? This question is tied to the challenges of the current and major companies and to an extreme rapidity of territory changing: Bizerte’s lagoon is situated on the southern shore of the Mediterranean and in a country where the regime is in continuous transition. This research covers the ground to study the potential emergence of the participative approach and the social integration of environmental issues in coastal, urban and rural territory
Abadie, Eric. "Etude de Vulcanodinium rugosum (Dinoflagellé producteur de pinnatoxines) se développant dans la lagune méditerranéennede l’Ingril." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS188/document.
Harmful and / or toxic phytoplankton blooms impact for a long time marine ecosystems worldwide. These massive developments have an adverse effect on ecosystems and their exploitation. The lagoons of the region Languedoc-Roussillon are affected for decades. In addition to recurring health risks from Dinophysis (DSP toxins) and Alexandrium (PSP toxins), Vulcanodinium rugosum was identified in 2011 in the lagoon Ingril. This new species product pinnatoxins (neurotoxins). Through this thesis work, the biology of this new species (life cycle, growth condition, toxin production), its shellfish contamination capacity and geographic distribution in neighboring lagoons were studied on cultures in the laboratory and via environmental monitoring.The results of this study have demonstrated its thermophilic and euryhaline features (optimum salinity and temperature of 25°C and 40 respectively) and its growth ranges between 20 and 30°C. Its ability to grow on an organic nitrogen source (urea) has been showed in vitro. Its expansion in other lagoons of Languedoc-Roussillon, was confirmed by the contamination of the mussels by the pinnatoxin G. The survival of this organism in the digestive tract of mussels and oysters proves that the transfer of shellfish is potentially a source of contamination of new ecosystems not yet affected by this toxic species.The life cycle of V. rugosum has not been fully described because the resistance cyst has not been formally identified. Temporary cysts appear as very important stages to be considered because of their ability to divide and their strong presence on macrophytes. These temporary forms of resistance may be a significant source of contamination of shellfish in the lagoon of the Ingril even when the vegetative cells of V. rugosum are weakly present in the water column. Because of the low densities of V. rugosum in situ and the difficulty of its identification on morphological criteria, the monitoring within the REPHY protocol remains difficult. Thus the use of passive sampling systems (Spatt) made with resins which adsorb toxins dissolved in water would make possible the early detection of toxins associated with these emerging benthic species. This study highlights the growth of an emerging thermophilic species that might with others and thanks to climate change provide important health and economic problems in vulnerable lagoon ecosystems of the Mediterranean
Yahyaoui, Ahlem. "Conflits d'usage environnementaux sur les rives de la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie) : une mise en perspective méditerranéenne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/181024_YAHYAOUI_465hyeh752pqoh615vivk996ykhs_TH.pdf.
The dissertation seeks to recognize the socio-spatial meanings of dynamic conflicts related to the environment in the lagoon and to assess its effects in terms of environmental governance as well. The analysis concentrates on the reasons and the genesis of the actors’ oppositions at work around the lagoon of Bizerte (Tunisia) and the pond of Berre (Marseille). Putting the light on these conflicts represents an issue for the integrated wetland management. This topic has been tackled on by other researchers. However, it remains a major interest due to the knowledge and the originality of the territory. Particularly, the thesis raises the question of the potential impacts that conflicts can have on organizations and institutions in place. In fact, is it possible that public action will be renewed to follow the emergence or conflicts regulation? This question is tied to the challenges of the current and major companies and to an extreme rapidity of territory changing: Bizerte’s lagoon is situated on the southern shore of the Mediterranean and in a country where the regime is in continuous transition. This research covers the ground to study the potential emergence of the participative approach and the social integration of environmental issues in coastal, urban and rural territory
Fillit, Muriel. "Eutrophication et macroalgues dans une lagune littorale méditerranéenne : (étang de Méjean-Pérols) : l'étang change, les ulves prospèrent." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20195.
Le, Fur Ines. "Rôle des macrophytes dans la restauration des milieux lagunaires : successions écologiques." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG006/document.
The growing awareness of the negative impacts of the degradation of the water quality in coastal lagoons because of eutrophication has resulted in public action aiming at the reduction of the nutrient loadings into these lagoons. Hence, some of these coastal lagoons are currently undergoing ecological restoration and have shown a clear improvement of their water quality linked to decreasing phytoplankton biomass in the last 10 years. However, the response of the benthic macrophytes appears more complex, particularly by showing non-linear behaviour. By using complementary approaches including statistical analyses of long-term observations (1998-2015) and in situ measurements, this thesis aims to describe the dynamics of the macrophytes in space and time and to study their functional role during the oligotrophication process. Salinity, depth and nutrient concentrations in the water column represent the main factors that statistically explain the distribution of the benthic macrophyte communities in Mediterranean coastal lagoons. The first steps of the ecological restoration in eutrophied polyhaline and euhaline lagoons has been inferred from the statistical analysis of time series in 21 coastal lagoons. The reduction of the external nutrient loading results in a rapid regime shift (3-4 years) from a phytoplankton-dominated system to a macroalgae-dominated system, with particularly Ulva species. The decreasing inorganic nitrogen concentrations due to uptake by Ulva spp. in the water column appears to facilitate the development of Gracillaria spp. (red algae) and Chaetomorpha spp. (green filamentous algae). While the appearance of these macroalgal species is the result of the ecological restoration, these species also play a central role in this process by regulating the biogeochemical element fluxes. This way these species create more favourable conditions for perennial species. Although for re-oligotrophication trajectories in coastal lagoons our theory describes a tendency towards the return of perennial species, so far, we have not been able to document their return after a long period of absence. This shows, that among other factors, the internal nutrient loading and ecological connectivity are important factors to take into account for the recolonization of angiosperms in coastal lagoons
Vollaire, Yan. "Les polluants organiques persistants dans une lagune méditerranéenne protégée (réserve de biosphère MAB-UNESCO) : approche écologique et écotoxicologique." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112301.
The evaluation and the prediction of the ecotoxicological impact of the organic contaminants constitute essential stages to halt the biodiversity loss and to reinforce the capacities in management of ecosystems. In a first time, this present study aimed to check the potency of the stable isotopes methodology applied to an anthropized environment. Following this objective, two studies using the perch Perca fluviatilis, raised and fed under controlled conditions, were carried out. The first study showed the variation of the fractionation factor when the diet changed, the second showed that a food contamination, with an organic, pollutant had no effect on the discrimination factor in liver, gills and muscle of perch. The method of the stable isotopes, applied to a food web in the Vaccarès lagoon (Camargue, South of the France), allowed to characterise of a biomagnification process of some organic contaminants. The latter occurred for molecules of different Kow and sometimes for Kow lower than 5 (e. G. Pesticides). In the aim of preventing the appearance of associated pathologies, the validation of in situ biomarkers was often considered. Even if, the activity of the AChE in eel varied with the degree of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the evaluated biochemical indicators showed the inconsistency of the principle of “universal biomarker”. Finally, to these main objectives, was added the understanding of the role played by rice fields in the contamination of a food web in the Vaccarès lagoon, and the use of bivalve filters, Corbicula fluminea, in the monitoring of the water quality
Genovesi-Giunti, Benjamin. "Initiation, maintien et récurrence des efflorescences toxiques d’Alexandrium catenella (dinophyceae) dans une lagune méditerranéenne (Thau, France) : rôle du kyste dormant." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20202.
The toxic blooms of Alexandrium catenella in Thau lagoon (France) are related to paralytic shellfish poisoning syndrome. Understanding and predicting their developments depend on the identification of the seeding pattern and potential "hot spots" for bloom initiation. Mapping reveals three preferential zones for resting cysts accumulation which are linked to hydrodynamism. Low resting cyst density in sediments is related probably to a new invasion process. However, higher densities linked to a patchy distribution mode are recorded in the creek of l’Angle which is considered as a significant hot spot for bloom initiation. Bloom recurrence results from cyst survival in sediments, whose renewal depends on the encystment phase. The germination of A. Catenella resting cyst does not depend on light and nutrients in the culture medium. High rates of excystment and synchrony occur in a large "environmental window" (temperature and salinity). However, the low realized seeding ratio limits significantly the initiation phase. The confrontation with numerical simulations suggests that a short duration of water column stability/confining period associated with a frontal structure reduces dispersion, supports the cohesion of bottom cell clusters and allows the seeding population to reach a critical density as a condition for successful bloom initiation
Leruste, Amandine. "Trajectoires d’évolution des communautés phytoplanctoniques au cours du processus de restauration écologique des milieux lagunaires méditerranéens." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT143/document.
Located at the interface between marine and continental systems, coastal lagoons are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems. These semi-enclosed ecosystems are very vulnerable to nutrient enrichment. In the Languedoc-Roussillon region, anthropogenic pressures have profoundly damaged the coastal lagoons, especially those belonging to the Palavasian complex close to Montpellier. The latter lagoons have been affected by high nutrient loadings from the sewage treatment plant of the Montpellier agglomeration. This resulted in a trophic gradient among the eight lagoons in the complex, from mesotrophy to hypertrophy, with altered primary producer communities by favoring the predominance of the phytoplankton compartment.The phytoplankton responds very fast to environmental variability. The high specific and functional diversity of the phytoplankton carries information regarding the different ecological processes and ecosystem functioning. Hence, phytoplankton has been widely used as an efficient indicator of aquatic ecosystems functioning.In December 2005, the effluents responsible of the eutrophication of the Palavasian lagoons were diverted into the Mediterranean Sea. This measure resulted in a reduction of the inorganic phosphorous and nitrogen loadings to the lagoons from 70 to 83 %, respectively, and initiated a process of ecological restoration. This thesis aimed to improve the understanding of the restoration process of Mediterranean coastal lagoons by studying phytoplankton communities’ trajectories.The analysis of a database comprising fourteen years of observations from 2000 to 2013 established that the restoration of coastal lagoons gave rise to an improvement of the water quality, linked to a drastic reduction of phytoplankton biomass. The time series showed a sharp drop of the Diatoms (3-5 µm), which before the diversion had been particularly enhanced by the nutrient inputs from the effluents. The analysis of phytoplankton trajectories since the nutrient inputs reduction showed a modification of phytoplankton community composition characterized by an increase of the abundances of Green algae and Dinophytes. This modification reflects the change of the origin and the form of available nutrients caused by the re-oligotrophication. It especially emphasizes the importance of benthic fluxes of phosphate and ammonium, for which Green algae are the most competitive. In addition, the benthic stocks of organic matter may represent a resource for mixotrophic species. Picophytoplankton, which was exclusively dominant in the Palavasian lagoons before the diversion, is now temporarily replaced by nano- and microphytoplankton during seasonal blooms. This is related to their specific strategies to acquire and use nutrients. The seasonal variability of taxonomic and functional phytoplankton diversity (cell size, trophic regime, growth) of two lagoons from the Palavasian complex with contrasted trophic status was studied in more detail, and compared to that of an oligotrophic lagoon. This study showed some particularities of the phytoplankton communities to fit to distinct ecosystem functioning, which can be linked to the degradation caused by eutrophication. The restoration is still unfinished today. The phytoplankton biomass increases since 2012 in response to suitable climatic conditions. The phytoplankton of the Palavasian lagoons still quickly responds to a nutrient pulse, highlighting the lagoon vulnerability to an anthropogenic nutrient input
Ferrara-Guerrero, Maria Jesús. "Distribution des bactéries microaérophiles dans les sédiments de langues côtières méditerranéennes : comparaison avec la distribution des bactéries aérobies et anaérobies. Etude des potentialités métaboliques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX22094.
Pampoulie, Christophe. "Conséquences d'une arrivée massive d'eau douce sur la communauté de gobies (Téléostéens, Poissons) d'une lagune méditerranéenne : l'exemple de l'étang du Vaccarès (Camargue, France)." Montpellier 2, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999MON20148.
Gomez, Hernandez Maria Elena. "Rôle des sédiments dans l'eutrophisation d'une lagune littorale Méditerranéenne (étang du Méjean-Hérault) : échanges du phosphate entre le sédiment et l'eau en fonction des conditions environnementales." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON13520.
Koussoroplis, Apostolos-manuel. "Sources de carbone et d'acides gras essentiels pour les juvéniles de Liza saliens (Pisces, Mugilidae) dans le réseau trophique d'une lagune côtière méditerranéenne : approches in situ par biomarqueurs lipidiques et isotopiques." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22055/document.
Mediterranean coastal lagoons are considered as major nursery areas for several coastal fish species. In Vassova lagoon (Kavala Prefecture, Greece), this continuous input of juveniles, along with the lagoons’ naturalfood resources, sustain local extensive aquaculture. Therefore, in order to optimise the fisheries’ yield, thefactors affecting juveniles’ growth and survival in the lagoon need to be assessed. The objectives of this research work are to identify the organic matter sources sustaining growth of a common commercial Mediterranean species (Liza saliens, Mugilidae) juveniles’ (15 – 50 mm, total length / TL) and to assess their nutritional quality in terms of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). In that aim, fish (L.saliens juveniles and principal resident fish species), their potential preys, and basal organic matter sources where sampled monthly during L. saliens settlement in Vassova lagoon (June - November). The origin of carbon assimilated by L. saliens was assessed using lipid and isotopic biomarker approaches as well as stomach content analysis. Moreover, lipid analyses allowed understanding the influence of diet on the fatty acid (FA) composition of L. saliens storage (neutral lipids : NLs) and membrane lipids (polar lipids: PLs) during early life in the lagoon. Finally, the isotopic composition of the PUFAs assimilated by L. saliens juveniles was determined by GC-C-IRMS and allowed the assessment of the sources of these compounds in the ecosystem. Results indicate that at their arrival at the lagoons’ mouth L. saliens juveniles (~15 mm, TL) feed on planktonic organisms. When juveniles reach the size of 20 mm (TL), they progressively shift towards benthic prey. This dietary shift is followed by an important decrease of the dietary levels of DHA. Indeed, in Vassova lagoon, this PUFA seems to be mainly produced by planktonic microorganisms. Therefore, during the transition from the marine planktonic environment towards the lagoons’ demersal habitat, L. saliens juveniles probably experience a decrease in the nutritional quality of their food. However, 22:6ω3 as well as 20:4ω6 appear to be actively retained in L.saliens membrane lipids (PLs). More interestingly, 20:4ω6 seems also to be retained by other fish species found in the lagoon. The latter suggests that this essential compound, which in fish is implicated in resistance processes to environmental stressors, has an important physiological role for fish in estuarine environments
Bouchereau, Jean-Luc. "Bioécologie et tactiques adaptatives d'occupation d'une lagune méditerranéenne (Mauguio, Languedoc, France) par trois poissons téléostéens gobiidés : "Pomatoschistus minutus" (Pallas, 1770), "P[omatoschistus] microps" (Kroyer, 1838), "Gobius Niger Linnaeus", 1758." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20043.
Koussoroplis, Apostolos-Manuel. "Sources de carbone et d'acides gras essentiels pour les juvéniles de Liza saliens (Pisces, Mugilidae) dans le réseau trophique d'une lagune côtière méditerranéenne : approches in situ par biomarqueurs lipidiques et isotopiques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00600250.
Barhoumi, Badreddine. "Biosurveillance de la pollution de la lagune de Bizerte (Tunisie) par l’analyse comparée des niveaux de contamination et de l’écotoxicité des sédiments et du biote." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0075/document.
The objective of this thesis was the diagnosis of the health status of the Bizerte lagoon using a multi-marker (chemical, biochemical and morphometric) and multi-compartment approach (sediment and biota). To achieve this objective, the selected biological models were the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the goby fish Zosterisessor ophiocephalus. Both species are widespread in the Bizerte lagoon and the Mediterranean Sea. In a first part and in order to estimate the levels of contamination of the Bizerte lagoon, persistent organic pollutant (POPs), granulometric and mineralogical (TOC) analyses of surficial sediments were carried out. Afterwards, the potential toxicity of sediments was assessed by a battery of bioassays. In a the third part, bioavailability and ecotoxicological impact of POPs studied were assessed by bioaccumulation measurement in these two indicators species, and the study of biological responses associated through a battery of biomarkers such as catalase (CAT), thiobarbituric acid (TBARS); Ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD); glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The main results of the chemical analyses show a general contamination of sediments and organisms studied by POPs. Contamination levels are dependent on the studied species and stations. Comparing our values with literature data, showed that the levels of contamination of the lagoon are similar or slightly lower than equivalent ecosystems in other parts of the world. Besides, the estimation of sediment toxicity, using sediment guideline values (ERL, ERM, TEL et PEL), as well as bioassays (Microtox®, SOS-Chromotest® and MELA test) showed that stations of canal of Bizerte S1 and S3 were associated with an increased hazard to aquatic organisms. Our results showed that biomarkers measured in both selected species are sensitive and inducible parameters, which allowed to characterize the health status of organisms and global quality of the studied environment. Biochemical but not morphometric markers allowed to discriminate the different studied sites according to chemical risk. Unlike fish, it has been demonstrated in mussels that abiotic factors influence the concentrations of POPs and biomarker responses.Obtained data suggest that integrative approach, combining chemical and ecotoxicological measurements, may represent a good way to asses the quality of the environment, particularly, in the context of biomonitoring programs
Léauté, Frédérique. "Biogéochimie des contaminants organiques HAP, PCB et pesticides organochlorés dans les sédiments de l'étang de Thau." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00449516.
Bouquet, Aurélien. "Etude du dinoflagellé benthique toxique Vulcanodinium rugosum dans les lagunes méditerranéennes soumises au changement global : caractérisation toxinique et dynamique in situ, transfert des toxines dans les maillons trophiques supérieurs et risques associés." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Montpellier (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UMONG016.
Harmful phytoplankton blooms have growing impacts on ecosystems and human populations. In the context of warming waters and oceans, they are one of the main issues linking environmental, animal and human health. This research focuses on the toxic microalga Vulcanodinium rugosum, which produces pinnatoxins (PnTX) and portimines (Prtn). These toxins accumulate in marine organisms and are frequently detected worldwide, particularly in French Mediterranean lagoons. The objectives were to study the microalga distribution in relationship with environmental conditions in four French Mediterranean lagoons, the contamination by PnTX G and Prtn A of various marine organisms, the ecological impacts and the health risks.At first, we developed a sensitive and specific methodology for detecting Vulcanodinium rugosum cells in marine environments, based on artificial substrates coupled with qPCR (AS-qPCR). The results of our field campaign showed that microalgae and toxins were present in all studied lagoons, and that they could contaminate a wide variety of marine species including bivalve molluscs, fish, gastropods and echinoderms. The spatiotemporal dynamics of microalgae and toxins in mussels were linked to seasonal variations in temperature and other hydrochemical factors. A modeling approach based on environmental parameters enabled us to assess the risks to human populations at different times of the year. We estimated that over 25 % of seafood consumers exceeded the provisional acute benchmark value in summer at Ingril and Vic. We did not observe any impact of mullet juvenile exposure to Vulcanodinium rugosum, but this species could be involved in the expansion of the microalga within the lagoons via transport through the intestinal tract. Finally, the kinetics of contamination and elimination in oysters showed that high concentrations could be linked to long-term exposure, and that PnTX G persisted for a long time in bivalve molluscs’ tissues.This work provided therefore important knowledge on the impacts of Vulcanodinium rugosum on ecosystems and humans. The information and tools developed should be of great interest to environmental and health monitoring managers. This study also led to questions concerning the general expansion of Vulcanodinium rugosum area, other species that could possibly be contaminated, sub-lethal impacts on marine organisms, and the chronic risks to humans inherent in persistent contamination in seafood products. They therefore show the importance of studies focusing on this dinoflagellate and its toxins, particularly in the context of warming waters favoring blooms on a global scale