Дисертації з теми "Labour function"
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1
Sauls, Paul Anthony. "The review function of the labour court." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/821.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under the 1956 Labour relations Act, parties who were dissatisfied with decisions of the then Industrial Court, could appeal to the old Labour Appeal Court, and then if still further unhappiness persists, to the former Appellate Division. Such appeals entailed placing before the court the complete record of the Industrial Court, and requesting it to decide if on the evidence, it would have come to the same conclusion. Sometimes the courts of appeal decide that they would, sometimes that they would not. When planning the new Labour Relations Act 66 of 1995, the Cheadle Commission decided that this process was too slow, too technical, too cumbersome and too expansive. So it recommended that, at least in the case of the most common disputes, the issues should be decided quickly, informally and finally by arbitration. Unless the parties agree to private arbitration under the Arbitration Act, 42 of 1956, the Commission for Conciliation, Mediation & Arbitration (CCMA) would supply the arbitrators, who would exercise their powers, not under agreed terms of reference, but under the LRA itself. Like private arbitrators, those of the CCMA are also meant to dispose of matters with a minimum of legal formalities (see section 138(1) of the LRA). But the drafters of the LRA did not mean to insulate arbitration awards entirely from the watchful eye of the Labour Court. They therefore specifically provided for review of CCMA arbitrations awards in section 145, but they also gave general powers of review in section 158(1)(g) respectively of the LRA. As if the jurisdictional puzzle created by the LRA was not complex enough, the legislature added the Promotion of Justice Act 3 of 2000. It is an attempt to give expression to the constitutional right of fair labour practices and the constitutional standard of lawfulness and rationality. If section 145 limits the grounds on which commissioners’ actions can be reviewed, or if that section cannot be interpreted to reconcile it with the PAJA, it may well be that section 145 cannot pass constitutional muster - unless that section constitutes a limitation compliant with section 36 of the Constitution. That would be for the Constitutional court to decide.
2
White, Christopher Michael. "The function, significance and limitations of 'globalisation' in the New Labour discourse." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2003. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2094/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis critically examines the idea of 'globalisation' in the New Labour discourse over the period 1996- 2001, challenging the version articulated by key members of the party. This task involves contesting and reinterpreting the implications imputed to the process both at the domestic and international levels. The understanding and implications of 'globalisation' have changed over time. It herefore distinguish two phases. The first phase I associate exclusively with Tony Blair. This understanding focuses on the domestic significance of globalisation, and conflates the process with liberalisation. In this phase globalisation functions to de-politicise a 'third way' agenda, which is presented as if it were the only logical alternative for a party of the centre left. A second phase, the chief contributors to which are Tony Blair and Robin Cook, concentrates on the international significance of globalisation. Both argue for a move beyond traditional realist approaches to foreign policy, stressing instead the role globalisation plays in creating a 'global interest'. Drawing upon developments in the literature, the thesis challenges the New Labour position firstly by questioning the implications of globalisation drawn out by them, as empirically untenable. Globalisation does not necessarily limit the room for manoeuvre in the way suggested by Blair, nor does it imply an increased harmony of interests forming around the idea of a global interest. However, in offering an alternative interpretation this study highlights that globalisation should not merely be understood in terms of whether its usage is right or wrong. In addition, the thesis argues for a critical hermeneutic approach to be taken on the topic. It is argued that the current form globalisation takes is reproduced because it functions in particular contexts to serve a political agenda within the party. This reveals an ideological dimension in the discourse, drawing attention to the ways in which the meaning of globalisation is manipulated in order to serve an alternative set of interests not declared in the discourse itself, thereby manifesting itself in a particular form over time.
3
Piacentini, Laura Francesca. "Work to live : the function of prison labour in the Russian prison system." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/work-to-live--the-function-of-prison-labour-in-the-russian-prison-system(faef88b9-2bf2-4891-baa6-765244dc6b6f).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Work was the dominant activity of prisoners in Russia for most of the twentieth century and was justified according to the philosophies prevalent in Tsarist and Soviet society. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, no specific ideology has emerged. Consequently, there is an absence of clear justifications for prison labour in Russia today. The main concern of this thesis, therefore, is with the function that prison labour serves in Russia in the early twenty-first century, now that it is no longer driven by a dominant ideology, as historically was the case. As Russia is becoming integrated into Europe, so too it is exposed to trends in prisons there, and officials recognise the obligation to comply with international instruments affecting the treatment of prisoners. Recent political and economic developments have adversely affected prison budgets in Russia. For this and other reasons, despite its good intentions, the central administration is finding it difficult to meet obligations to treat prisoners humanely. The second purpose of this thesis is to examine whether trends in European imprisonment will emerge in Russia, and how this might affect complying with international regulations. The study discovered that while staff extol the rehabilitative benefits of prison labour, nowadays, it has become the mechanism for survival for the staff and prisoners in institutions cut off from the wider economy and which can no longer rely on financial support from Moscow. In the most literal sense prisoners are working to live. Goods and services, which once were fully integrated - by command from the Moscow government - into an enormously complex and differentiated economy, are now bartered in the micro-economies of the local community. The findings will be dealt with in relation to the European Rules and the further implications in terms of management of the prison system.
4
Tykha, A. P. "Legal Regulation of Amendment of Labour Contract. –." Thesis, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка, 2017. http://openarchive.nure.ua/handle/document/7670.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis enabled the resolving of the scientific problem regarding the necessity of the existing theoretical doctrine on the labour contract alterations deepen and adjustment according to the modern needs in consideration of latest changes in the economic and social life of the Ukrainian state. The specifics of labour contract alteration legal regulation under the current and draft labour laws of Ukraine are disclosed. The whole set of problems of labour contract alterations legal regulation is singled out and a number of actual proposals concerning sophistication of the current labour legislation in the appropriate part are formulated. The thesis consists of introduction, 3 sections, divided on 9 sub-sections, conclusions and references. Дисертаційне дослідження дало змогу вирішити наукову проблему, яка полягала у необхідності поглиблення та уточнення існуючого теоретичного вчення про зміни трудового договору відповідно до сучасних потреб з урахуванням останніх змін в економічному та суспільному житті української держави. Розкрито специфіку правового регулювання змін трудового договору за діючим та проектним законодавством України про працю. Виокремлено сукупність проблем правового регулювання змін трудового договору та сформульовано низку актуальних пропозицій щодо вдосконалення чинного законодавства про працю у відповідній частині. Дисертація складається із вступу, трьох розділів, які включають дев’ять підрозділів, висновків, списку використаних джерел.
5
Parsons, Laurie. "From risk to society : function, form and feedbacks in the Cambodian labour migration system." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2015. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/from-risk-to-society(e7343401-a5ac-4dcd-872c-12df465d0555).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis seeks to explore the linkages between the networks which facilitate the exchange of information and assistance regarding internal Cambodian labour migration, and the physical assets and social systems within which, it is held here, they are embedded. In doing so, it revisits the area of enquiry recently associated with the social capital literature, with a new set of methodologies designed to circumvent some of the shortcomings associated with that theory. This is undertaken first, through recourse to the quantitative methodologies associated with network theory, and second, to the literature on endogenous systems of risk mitigation in response to natural disasters and climate pressures. In order that these local responses are framed fully within their multi-scalar context, structural violence theory is utilised in a linking role. Thus, labour migration is viewed herein as a lens through which to view the dynamic evolution of traditional Cambodian social systems. In particular, it is effective as a means of understanding resilience and response to the Kingdom’s contemporary environment, both in terms of its persistent vulnerability to natural disasters and climate shocks, and the rapid, but highly unequal, economic growth which has characterised the “economic miracle” of the previous decade. Indeed, the nature of the inequality which has characterised this period of rapid growth will be one of the primary foci of this study, which offers to the literature an account of how uneven distributions of social and physical assets and risks are entrenched in complex ways by the process of labour migration.
6
Yeo, Kian Soon. "A Monte Carlo approach to investigate sampling variability in a semi-log labour supply function." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ31313.pdf.
Повний текст джерела
7
Lim, Sheri. "The regulation and function of nuclear factor kappa B in the amnion prior to labour." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.521126.
Повний текст джерела
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Landré, Martin, and Johan Håkansson. "Rule versus Interaction Function : Evaluating Regional Aggregations of Commuting Flows in Sweden." Högskolan Dalarna, Kulturgeografi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-11903.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the performance of two divergent methods for delineating commuting regions, also called labour market areas, in a situation that the base spatial units differ largely in size as a result of an irregular population distribution. Commuting patterns in Sweden have been analyzed with geographical information system technology by delineating commuting regions using two regionalization methods. One, a rule-based method, uses one-way commuting flows to delineate local labour market areas in a top-down procedure based on the selection of predefined employment centres. The other method, the interaction-based Intramax analysis, uses two-way flows in a bottom-up procedure based on numerical taxonomy principles. A comparison of these methods will expose a number of strengths and weaknesses. For both methods, the same data source has been used. The performance of both methods has been evaluated for the country as a whole using resident employed population, self-containment levels and job ratios for criteria. A more detailed evaluation has been done in the Goteborg metropolitan area by comparing regional patterns with the commuting fields of a number of urban centres in this area. It is concluded that both methods could benefit from the inclusion of additional control measures to identify improper allocations of municipalities.Open Access
9
Mparmpakas, Dionisis G. "Convergence of MTOR and glucocorticoid receptor signalling in the human placenta : effects of pre-term labour, nutrition and maternal stress." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/8757.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A vital factor for foetal development is the nutrient transport at placental level. This is because any disturbances in the maternal compartments, for example due to maternal stress or nutritional status, which will affect foetal development, will involve the foetal-placental barrier. Moreover, numerous studies have linked other factors such as preterm labour as the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality in the developed world. To this date, despite a numerous epidemiological and clinical studies that identify potential risk factors for the mother as well as the foetus, there is no comprehensive analysis at all these levels taken from the same cohort of patients. Our working hypothesis is that for a successful pregnancy certain events at nutritional, biochemical, genetic and molecular level could be tightly linked. Therefore, in this study we followed a “holistic” approach investigating how maternal stress, nutrition, placental mTOR and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) signalling can influence pregnancy outcome. We have decided to map in detail the components of these two signalling pathways as they appear to cross-talk as well as been implicated in stress responses. The largest part of the questionnaire was focused on the nutritional status with questions targeting the maternal dietary habits before, as well as during, pregnancy. The collection of data took place at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Crete Medical School. With regards to this profile, key findings included the significant reduction in the intake of alcohol, caffeine-containing and sugar-containing refreshments, whereas passive smoking during pregnancy stayed the same. Another major finding of this part of the study was the effects of maternal stress on foetal weight and how pregnancy planning was implicated in this complex relation. In our cohort, women with negative attitudes during pregnancy gave birth to infants with significantly lower birth weights (2.5Kg) than those women showing positive or neutral attitudes towards their pregnancy (2.9Kg). We then assessed how maternal stress might affect this signalling cascade using two placental models (BeWo and JEG-3 cell lines) mimicking a stress milieu in vitro. Treatment of these cell lines with cortisol (100nM and 1000nM) significantly downregulated Deptor and upregulated GAS5 at mRNA level. In an attempt to dissect further a potential gene-environment interaction, we have assessed how 4 well-characterised polymorphisms (ThtIII 1, Bcl I, ER22/23EK, N363S) of the GR gene might affect foetal and placental weight. We have demonstrated that only the maternal ThtIII 1 polymorphism was suggestive of a nature-nurture interaction since only in ThtIII 1 II (CC), maternal stress attitude predicts foetal weight-reduction, but not in ThtIII 1 (GC) independent of confounders such as BMI, pregnancy planning or fast food eating during pregnancy. This is the first time that a gene-environment interaction between a common GR polymorphism and foetal weight was noted. Finally, one of the most important findings of our study came from the preclinical studies using placental tissues. Quantitative PCR revealed that the major transcripts in the human placenta are GRα, GAS5 (decoy for GR DNA binding) and Deptor. We have shown for first time that there are marked differences in the relative mRNA abundance of these components between term and preterm labour as well as colocalisation of GRα with GAS5. With regards to placental regulation these data conclusively demonstrate that: a) there is evidence of gene-environment interaction between maternal stress, pregnancy planning, glucocorticoid receptor polymorphisms and foetal weight and b) potential cross-talk of mTOR and glucocorticoid signalling. We propose that measuring maternal stress levels in addition to circulating cortisol and mapping for known GR polymorphisms could become a useful non-invasive tool of diagnostic and prognostic value, with implications for preterm labour.
10
Sand, Nelly. "The Beveridge Curve : A comparison between the three largest labour market regions in Sweden; Stockholm-, Västra Götaland- and Skåne county and the effect of the building of the Öresund Bridge on the labour market matching efficiency of Skåne county." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105448.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates the relationship between vacant job positions and unemployed workers, illustrated by the Beveridge curve, a tool for observing the matching process and the condition of a labour market. The Swedish case is studied together with its three largest labour market regions, i.e., Stockholm-, Västra Götaland- and Skåne county. A comparison opens up a discussion of whether local labour markets with similar characteristics located in different parts of the country behave similarly or in what way they distinguish. Furthermore, these three regions are expected to influence the Swedish Beveridge curve to a larger extent, which is also examined in the paper. In addition, the effect of an exogenous shock, such as the building of the Öresund Bridge, expanding the labour market of Skåne county by connection to another metropolitan area, Copenhagen, is studied. This is done by comparing the matching efficiency before and after the bridge is opened. Moreover, the effect in Skåne is then analysed in accordance with the same period for the other regions included, to get an indication of whether the bridge alone provides a change in matching efficiency or if changes are connected to national events that influence all regions similarly. The analysis is based on monthly data from year 1996-2020, collected from the Swedish Public Employment service and Statistics Sweden, primarily. Graphical illustrations of the Beveridge curve in combination with OLS regressions provide concluding results that the Beveridge curves for the three regional labour markets observed are shaped rather similarly and experience shifts and movements during the same time points, generally. Skåne county is the exception and experience more horizontal and vertical movements compared to Stockholm- and Västra Götaland county and the Swedish average. Furthermore, there are statistically significant estimates ensuring the negative relationship between unemployment- and vacancy rate, i.e., a downward sloping Beveridge curve for all regions. Not enough evidence on the effect of the Öresund Bridge on the matching efficiency of Skåne county is provided to present a valid conclusion regarding this topic.
11
Poeschel, Friedrich Gerd. "Signals in two-sided search." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c1decfbb-5fdf-4c13-805e-2cc7fe115641.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We introduce signals to search models of two-sided matching markets and explore the implications for efficiency. In a labour market model in which firms can advertise wages and workers can choose effort, we find that advertisements can help overcome the Diamond paradox. Advertisements fix workers' beliefs, so that workers will react if firms renege on advertisements. Firms then prefer to advertise truthfully. Next, we consider a market with two-sided heterogeneity in which types are only privately observable. We identify a simple condition on the match output function for agents to signal their types truthfully and for the matching to exhibit positive assortative matching despite search frictions. While our theoretical work implies that the efficiency of matching increases as information technology spreads, empirical matching functions typically suggest that it declines. By estimating more general matching functions, we show that the result of declining efficiency can partly be attributed to omitted variable bias.
12
Antonucci, Marta. "Uterine function in labour : an investigation of the relationship between intrauterine pressure, head-to-cervix force and cervical dilatation, and their correlation with mode of delivery." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394277.
Повний текст джерела
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Sarafoglou, Nikias. "A contribution to population dynamics in space." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 1987. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-99835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Population models are very often used and considered useful in the policy-making process and for planning purposes. In this research I have tried to illuminate the problem of analysing population evolution in space by using three models which cover a wide spectrum of complementary methodologies: a The Hotell.ing-Puu model b A multiregional demographic model c A synergetic model Hotelling's work and Puu's later generalization have produced theoretical continuous models treating population growth and dispersal in a combined logistic growth and diffusion equation. The multiregional model is a discrete model based on the Markovian assumption which simulates the population evolution disaggregated by age and region. It is further assumed that this population is governed by a given pattern of growth and interregional mobility. The synergetic model is also a discrete model based on the Markovian assumption incorporating a probabilistic framework with causal structure. The quantitative description of the population dynamics is treated in terms of trend parameters, which are correlated in turn with demo-economic factors.Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1988
Digitalisering@umu
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Elamin, Obbey Ahmed. "Nonparametric kernel estimation methods for discrete conditional functions in econometrics." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/nonparametric-kernel-estimation-methods-for-discrete-conditional-functions-in-econometrics(d443e56a-dfb8-4f23-bfbe-ec98ecac030b).html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis studies the mixed data types kernel estimation framework for the models of discrete dependent variables, which are known as kernel discrete conditional functions. The conventional parametric multinomial logit MNL model is compared with the mixed data types kernel conditional density estimator in Chapter (2). A new kernel estimator for discrete time single state hazard models is developed in Chapter (3), and named as the discrete time “external kernel hazard” estimator. The discrete time (mixed) proportional hazard estimators are then compared with the discrete time external kernel hazard estimator empirically in Chapter (4). The work in Chapter (2) attempts to estimate a labour force participation decision model using a cross-section data from the UK labour force survey in 2007. The work in Chapter (4) estimates a hazard rate for job-vacancies in weeks, using data from Lancashire Careers Service (LCS) between the period from March 1988 to June 1992. The evidences from the vast literature regarding female labour force participation and the job-market random matching theory are used to examine the empirical results of the estimators. The parametric estimator are tighten by the restrictive assumption regarding the link function of the discrete dependent variable and the dummy variables of the discrete covariates. Adding interaction terms improves the performance of the parametric models but encounters other risks like generating multicollinearity problem, increasing the singularity of the data matrix and complicates the computation of the ML function. On the other hand, the mixed data types kernel estimation framework shows an outstanding performance compared with the conventional parametric estimation methods. The kernel functions that are used for the discrete variables, including the dependent variable, in the mixed data types estimation framework, have substantially improved the performance of the kernel estimators. The kernel framework uses very few assumptions about the functional form of the variables in the model, and relay on the right choice of the kernel functions in the estimator. The outcomes of the kernel conditional density shows that female education level and fertility have high impact on females propensity to work and be in the labour force. The kernel conditional density estimator captures more heterogeneity among the females in the sample than the MNL model due to the restrictive parametric assumptions in the later. The (mixed) proportional hazard framework, on the other hand, missed to capture the effect of the job-market tightness in the job-vacancies hazard rate and produce inconsistent results when the assumptions regarding the distribution of the unobserved heterogeneity are changed. The external kernel hazard estimator overcomes those problems and produce results that consistent with the job market random matching theory. The results in this thesis are useful for nonparametric estimation research in econometrics and in labour economics research.
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Ribeiro, Maria de Fátima Fabião. "Equação diferencial com atraso das funções geradoras até à função W-Lambert : Contributo para uma Aplicação à Economia, Introdução do Efeito de Atraso no Modelo de Solow." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4719.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doutoramento em Matemática Aplicada à Economia e GestãoO objectivo desta dissertação é obter a solução da equação diferencial com atraso de primeira ordem com coeficientes constantes expressa em termos da função W-Lambert. Ao definir o Problema Inicial Básico (PIB) como um caso particular daquela equação e aplicado o Método do Passo, captou-se um tipo de estrutura em árvore nas soluções definidas em cada passo do método. Esta constatação levou ao desenvolvimento de um processo construtivo da solução do PIB. Com este procedimento obtiveram-se dois resultados principais. O primeiro consiste na validade da conjectura feita inicialmente sobre a solução do PIB, a de que existe uma função geradora de uma classe específica de polinómios no atraso. O segundo revela a estrutura combinatória associada às equações diferenciais com atraso, mostrando como a relação existente entre a função W-Lambert e a função árvore justifica o efeito em árvore que então se intuiu. Pretendeu-se ainda, através de uma aplicação à Economia, avaliar as alterações que o modelo de Solow reflecte quando nele é introduzido o efeito do atraso na modelação do progresso tecnológico e da força laboral, modificando as hipóteses que habitualmente são formuladas sobre aquelas variáveis económicas.
The scope of this dissertation is to obtain the solution of the first order delay differential equation with constant coefficients expressed in terms of the W-Lambert function. Defining the Basic Initial Problem (BIP) as being a particular case of those equations, and applying the step method, a type of tree structure was captured in the solutions defined in each step of the method. This observation led to the development of a constructive process of the BIP solution. With this procedure two main conclusions were achieved. The first consists on the validation of the conjecture initially made about the BIP solution that generating function of a specific class of polynomials in the delay exists. The second reveals a combinatorial structure associated with the delay differential equations, therefore showing how the existent relation between W-Lambert function and tree function justifies the tree effect as foreseen. Furthermore it was attempted, through an application to Economics, to evaluate the changes that the Solow model reflects when introducing the effect of the delay on modeling the technical progress and the labour force, modifying the assumptions that are usually formulated about those economic variables.
16
Clements, Paul. "The arts, culture and exclusion : with reference to New Labour cultural policy 1997-2002 : this is a critical examination of the social function and evaluation of the arts in Britain and the extent to which they legitimate social difference or integrate the socially excluded." Thesis, City University London, 2003. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8403/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With specific reference to the cultural policy set out by New Labour, this research explores the individual and social function of the arts and the extent to which they are agents of inclusion. The arts, an important aspect even driver of culture, can be perceived as exclusive with taste reflecting socio-economic concerns which contradicts this function. Such a paradox requires an investigation into the complex and sometimes contradictory relationship between cultural and social inclusion and exclusion, as well as the methods used of evaluating impact. The thesis is divided into four sections. Part One sets out definitions of social exclusion and relevant government cultural policy. Part Two investigates valuation methodology and techniques of evaluating the social impact of the arts programmes in particular. This includes an analysis of relevant reports. Part Three then investigates cultural exclusion. A trilateral approach is taken that assets at, cultural democracy and popular culture. Part Four relates specifically to causal factors of inclusion and how the arts enable emancipation, empowerment and satisfy personal need. It also explores the wider social function and ideal location of the arts, especially with regards to a leisure framework. Throughout, the research questions the extent to which the social role of the arts and policy is one of accommodation or more concerned with reflecting individual needs and a wider counterculture. It concludes that an engaged freedom is the more natural agenda of the arts, which contrasts with an instrumental New Labour government policy that treats social inclusion as primarily related to employment and training issues in order to increase individual social capital.
17
Yezhova, Olga, Kalina Pashkevich, Olena Kolosnichenko, Olena Gerasymenko, and Maryna Kolosnichenko. "Forecasted labor functions of fashion industry specialists." Thesis, AIP Publishing LLC, 2022. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19420.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The labor functions of the fashion industry workers during cutting of the garments in case of modern and forecasted productions for substantiation of the content of training of qualified workers have been analyzed. The labor functions have been characterized in the context of structuring the production operation as to its phases: preparatory, executive, and control and management. For the operation on cutting of the clothing, the models of the content of the workers` labor for three types of production have been prepared: for industrial, individual, and forecasted. It has been grounded that during the forecasted production the major changes in the content of the cutters` work would take place at the preparatory stage and at the executive stage. It is summarized that during the forecasted production of garments, the qualified workers will need the knowledge and skills on the use of new technologies and materials, computerized equipment, and professionally-oriented software.
18
Campbell, Ross. "Human capital, incentives and the earnings function." Thesis, Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until Feb. 7, 2012, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=66969.
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19
Hogan, James Lawrence. "Health Sector Labour Market Dynamics and Multi-Employer Collective Agreements." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Business and Economics, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9831.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How New Zealand’s health-sector labour markets interact with District Health Board (DHB) Provider Arms is my thesis’ focus. Using health-service delivery data, workforce data, and DHB monthly financial information, I estimate the DHB Provider Arm economic production process and the interaction between DHBs and the health-sector labour and capital input markets.
Production and input market interactions are modelled through simultaneously estimating a DHB production function together with the first order conditions for cost-minimisation in an econometric system-of-equations. Estimating a system-of-equations allows labour and capital market prices to interact with DHB marginal input productivities according to the first order conditions of cost-minimisation. Nationally-determined MECA labour prices influence health service output through their equality to DHB production-based input marginal productivities.
Medical and nursing labour appears to have inelastic labour demand, providing scope for unions in those sectors to exploit market power. DHBs are employing fewer workers than they would and paying more for each worker than they should if the labour market was more competitive. New Zealanders are receiving less health care then they might, and experiencing more morbidity then they need bear, from the workforce restrictions generated in the health sector's labour market. The passed-through inflated labour costs are borne by taxpayers, who lack options for alternative provider care.
The non-competitive labour market induce secondary labour market effects. Overseas-trained medical labour, attracted into New Zealand by above-competition wages, are denied employment within medical-skill-hungry DHBs. Graduate nurses over-supply a quantity-constrained labour market, generated entrenched unemployment. DHBs are induced to be allocative and technically inefficient through price distortions, creating higher output costs and an inefficient production input mix.
20
Tano, Gerard Ghislain. "UNEMPLOYMENT INSURANCE IN LABOR SEARCH MODEL AND MONEY DEMAND." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/508.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Countries with unemployment insurance (UI) program can effectively conduct a labor market policy and observe the flow of unemployed-employed. But should we just hand UI over to anyone who has no job? Do individual response to the program in terms of their decision to work or to enjoy more leisure unanimously the same across leisure type characteristic individuals? In a heterogeneous constructed labor search market we derive that introduction of the UI program increases the wage gap between the different individuals when the program impacts the productivity of firm positively. In an empirical investigation of the impact of unemployment benefits on the duration of unemployment using a job search model, we specify a distribution of duration of unemployment that we estimate using maximum likelihood estimation and find that there is in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY 97) there are 3 types of individuals and the type of leisure individuals present an adverse response to the program: An increase in UI for the highest leisure type leads to a longer duration of unemployment. Whereas the lowest values of leisure do not tend to have an extended duration of unemployment from a positive change in UI. Finally, the response for the type 2 individuals is completely ambiguous as it could either see them having a prolonged duration of unemployment or a shortened period with no work. So a selective increase in unemployment insurance to those with a relatively low value of leisure may decrease the equilibrium rate of unemployment. The second part of the dissertation focuses on modeling money demand and shocks in Cote D'Ivoire for the period of 1960-2009. Unlike Drama and Yao (2010) our result suggests M1 is not in a long-run equilibrium with its determinants real income and expected inflation and therefore unstable. However, the broad definition M2 is cointegrated with its long-run determinants and it is therefore the most appropriate definition of money for the Cote D'Ivoire economy. As a consequence M2 can be used as an alternative to the interest rate as a long run monetary policy instrument.
21
Thakhathi, Davhana Reckson. "The analysis of the role and functions of labour unions in the South African Public Service." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64693.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The labour unions and staff associations in the South
African Public Service are playing a vital role in promoting
healthy labour relations and scund public personnel
administration. Taking into account the fact that South
Africa was a colony of Great Britain, the establishment of
labour unions and staff associations in the Public Service
was a slow process. It was during 1902 that the first union
for public servants was established, viz. the Cape Postal
and Telegraph Clerk's Association. The unions and staff
associations that were established thereafter were mainly
for white public officials, especially during the period
1902 to 1920. The unions and staff associations played an important role
in the Public Service by submitting their representations
and inputs on behalf of their members for the promotion of
better condi t:i.ons of service and improvement of effective
public personnel practices.
Today the South African Public Service is having many labour
unions and staff associations which are non-racial and open
to all public servants. Because of the role and functions
of labour unions in the Public Service, the following major
changes took place :-
The promulgation of the Public Service ~abour
Relations Act, 1993 (Act No. 102 of 1993).Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 1993.
The thesis was done at VISTA University prior to the merger. All rights that were ceded to Vista are now vesting in the University of Pretoria.
School of Public Management and Administration (SPMA)
PhD
Unrestricted
22
Skrzypek-, Wasmer Malgorzata. "Ageing, Productivity, and Earnings : Econometric and Behavioural Evidence." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pour les entreprises concernées par le phénomène du vieillissement, le rapport entre la structure par âge de la main d’œuvre, les profils des salaires et de productivité est un élément clé abordé dans cette thèse. Le premier chapitre passe en revue divers concepts théoriques et décrit les résultats empiriques en ce qui concerne le profil des salaires et de productivité en fonction de l’âge. L’étude empirique présentée dans le chapitre deux évalue le profil de productivité marginale selon l'âge. Nous considérons la main d'œuvre à la fois par qualification (peu qualifiés, hautement qualifiés) et par âge (jeunes, âge moyen, âgés). Nous estimons, sur des données françaises d'entreprises, une fonction de production de type CES emboîtée qui autorise une substitution imparfaite entre les différentes catégories de travailleurs. Parmi les résultats principaux, nous avons trouvé que la productivité du travail par l’âge dépend étroitement de la catégorie de qualification et du secteur d’activité des travailleurs. Le chapitre trois analyse le comportement des juniors et des seniors, en particulier leurs attitudes face au risque, la confiance en soi et la propension à entrer en compétition. Pour cela, nous avons organisé une expérience avec des banquiers suisse. Nous trouvons que, bien que les deux générations ne présentent ni des différences considérables quant à leurs attitudes face au risque, ni face à l’ambiguïté, les seniors font preuve d’une propension plus élevée à entrer en compétition. Cette décision est clairement influencée par l’information sur l’âge des autres participants. De plus, les deux générations maximisent leurs profits dans les groupes équilibrés en termes d’âgeThe relationship between the age structure of workforce, earnings and productivity profiles is a key issue for the enterprises facing the phenomenon of ageing. The present thesis addresses these issues in the following order. The first chapter reviews different theoretical concepts and recent empirical findings concerning the profile of earnings and productivity by age. The empirical study presented in the chapter two aims at estimating the actual profile of labour productivity across different age groups. In this purpose, we differentiate the workforce simultaneously by skills (low-skilled, high-skilled) and by age (young, middle-aged, old). Using French firm-level data, we estimate a production function with a nested constant-elasticity-of-substitution (CES) specification in labour, which allows the imperfect substitution between different age and skill categories of workers. Among the main findings, labour productivity by age highly depends on skill category of workers and the sector of activity. The third chapter involves the behavioural analysis of the workforce composed of juniors and seniors. In particular, we study workers’ risk attitudes, self-confidence and propensity to enter the competition. In this purpose, we perform an artefactual field experiment with the employees of a Swiss bank. We find that, although there are no significant differences in attitudes towards risk and ambiguity between both generations, seniors have higher propensity to enter the competition. The information on age of others players clearly has an impact on this decision. Moreover, the profits of both generations are maximised, when a pool of competitors is balanced in terms of age
23
Song, Hwang-Ruey. "Essays on the information-generating function of the educational system /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7377.
Повний текст джерела
24
D'Sylva, Ashley Paul 1969. "Examining resource allocation within United States public Research I universities: An income production function approach." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288841.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past 10 years, state financial support for public universities has declined, when measured as a proportion of current-fund revenues. Whether in response to this decline or to satisfy other ends such as personal utility and prestige enhancement, universities and their faculty have sought alternative sources of revenue, mostly through increased research grants and contracts and student tuition and fees. The effects of these revenue changes are observed in the primary operating units of universities, academic departments, which serve as the primary focus of this study. These changes have promoted concern in recent years that public research universities devote too much of their scarce resources to research at the expense of teaching. Specifically, concerns over teaching productivity and quality abound, especially at the undergraduate level. These concerns have been explained theoretically in terms of faculty preferences to perform research and research-related tasks, over undergraduate instruction--The Economic Theory of the Firm; and in terms of the increasing influence of providers of external revenues upon the behavior of the institutions--Resource Dependency Theory. These two frameworks are used to examine whether changes in departmental revenue support patterns affect undergraduate education at major public research universities. To test the theories, departmental instructional and research productivity data from the 1994 and 1996 American Association of Universities Data Exchange (AAUDE) are examined. This sample data contains information on 8 public Research I universities, 200 departments, and 1000 data points for 1994, and 6 public Research I universities, 134 departments, and 680 data points for 1996. Seemingly Unrelated Regressions and Piecewise Linear Regressions, following a semi-log specification, are used to estimate the rate of return to instructional productivity, research productivity, and departmental quality, within the income production function of the departments. The primary finding was that although some shifts in resource allocation were observed to move in a direction that potentially favored research-related endeavors, i.e., graduate instruction and departmental quality, instruction, overall, was most greatly rewarded in the allocation process, and undergraduate instruction more so than graduate instruction.
25
Gönül, Füsun Feride. "Astructural and structural methods in the estimation of models of labor force participation and search behavior." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1272454788.
Повний текст джерела
26
Mak, Mei-kuen Rebecca, and 麥美娟. "A comparative study of the organization and functions of public sectorunions." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31964126.
Повний текст джерела
27
Mak, Mei-kuen Rebecca. "A comparative study of the organization and functions of public sector unions." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13236337.
Повний текст джерела
28
Vandrimmelen, Jeff Hess Jonathan M. "Children all grown up child labor, gender roles and pedagogical function in Engelbert Humperdinck's Hänsel und Gretel /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2006.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 10, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Germanic Languages and Literature." Discipline: Germanic Languages; Department/School: Germanic Languages.
29
Taina_Nielsen, Anna. "Buyers and workers." Thesis, Kungl. Konsthögskolan, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kkh:diva-14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I wrote an essay called "Buyers and Workers" where I questioned topics of the painting as an art object or a commodity, and I discussed the artist's function in society. With my examination show I examined if the artist could be put in a standard working model of commercial market of our contemporary, and what the result and the experience of this structured way of working might be. Questions like "What is the product or commodity in the project?" was raised through the process.[I examensarbetet ingår utställningen "Full Time Work":] Throughout the 7 days my show was open I painted lines on the walls. I followed a working schedule, I had made beforehand, similar to the opening hours of commercial market, thereby questioning artistic labor and art production within a working structure of what we know from society. The schedule dictated that I worked on the walls 45 minuts per hour, and that I by each hour changed colors. The total amount of sessions I worked per day was 8, thereby also using 8 different colors. Each day I would use the same colors in the same hour, starting with the bright yellow and finishing with the dark blue. I worked in a total of 6 hours per day, having a total of 2 hours spare time per day. When the 7 days were up, I had succeeded in painting nearly one and a half walls, creating a beautiful pattern. Material: Acrylic wallpaint Teknik: Paint on wall
My examination work consits of a painting performance at Galleri Mejan and my Master essay.
30
Santos, Jose Luis Solano. "Resource allocation within United States public research I universities: Income production function and socially constructed decision-making approaches." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/290081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the past 15 years, state financial support for public universities has declined, when measured as a proportion of current-fund revenues while expenditures, in the same time period have risen dramatically. In this mixed methods study, several theories were used to explain patterns of university resource allocation: The economic theory of the firm , resource dependency theory, rational/political and critical/political. The research combines d'Sylva's (1998) and Volk's (1995) work and considers, by measuring directly the role of administrators who have budget authority, the impact of the socially constructed production function. The study uses d'Sylva's work extensively in order to create the baseline econometric analysis by including the relevant variables. In addition, the study adds to the existing body of knowledge by providing a broader understanding of production functions that encompasses the role of the socially constructed production function by key administrators who have budget authority. To test and explore the theories, departmental instructional and research productivity data from the AY 1999 American Association of Universities Data Exchange are examined. The quantitative data sample consisted of 10 major public Research I universities and 152 departments. OLS and GLM regressions, following a semi-log specification were employed to estimate the rate of return to instructional productivity, research productivity, and departmental quality. The qualitative sample consisted of six administrators with budget authority from one Research I university. A thematic analysis technique was employed in order to identify salient themes related to internal resource allocation. Significant findings are that undergraduate instruction and departmental quality yield high returns to departmental earnings. Cross-subsidization exists and some departments within fields enjoy "halo effects" above and beyond their productivity and merit. In describing the socially constructed nature of such difference, one dean is cognizant that his college is very productive and efficient delivering "cheap" instruction, yet it is penalized in the allocation formula. Similarly, another dean is very aware that his college has large numbers of women and minorities that help in the "coloring" of the university, and that disadvantages his college in the allocation formula.
31
LoRusso, James Dennis. "Labors of Authenticity: The Function of Spirituality and the Construction of Selfhood in the American Business." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11262007-141021/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2007.Description based on contents viewed Feb. 15, 2008. Christopher White, committee chair; Timothy Renick, Louis Ruprecht, Jr., committee members. Title from file title page. Electronic text (43 p.) : digital, PDF file. Includes bibliographical references.
32
Gao, Shang. "The measurement of tertiary education quality in Indonesia through the education production function model and policy recommendations for quality improvement." Thesis, University of Pittsburgh, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3725599.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is designed to answer one main research question: How could tertiary education quality be redefined and measured through the education production function model in developing countries. The study will use Indonesia as the target country to carry out research activities. Quality of tertiary education has been one of the most frequently discussed topics in relevant fields in academia and human development. As enrollment continuously increases and education systems expand in many developing countries, quality becomes their biggest concern. The purpose of this dissertation is to provide stakeholders a different and more practical approach to reevaluate tertiary education quality through quantifiable variables and to measure quality through educational input, equity and equality, labor market relevance, and system assurance factors.
Human capital theory serves as the guiding theoretical framework for this dissertation. The education production function model is the foundation for quality redefinition. Within the four quantifiable variables, benefit incidence analysis is used to measure equity and equality, economic rate of return is used to measure labor market relevance of the tertiary education system, and returns to investment is used to evaluate how education outputs yield from inputs. The study is designed to have an umbrella structure, with tertiary education quality being at the top of the skeleton and educational input, equity and equality, labor market relevance, and system assurance being the four supporting pillars.
With the redefinition of tertiary education quality, four main research questions will be answered respectively. Educational input in Indonesia has been improving in the past decade; however, it is still behind compared to peer ASEAN countries and countries with similar economic profiles. Indonesia's tertiary education access inequality is mainly caused by socioeconomic differences. The labor market absorbs a majority of tertiary graduates and yields much higher returns at the tertiary level, and it has been responding very positively toward the continuously expanding graduating class. The quality assurance system suffers from shortstaffing, low financial support, low capacity, and weak government support. At its current accrediting pace, Indonesia's tertiary education institutions will not be able to improve as fast as they are willing to.
33
Lindsell, Christopher John. "The measurement of vascular and neurological function in workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/193215/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Four methods for measuring disorders of vascular function and neurological function associated with occupational exposure to hand-transmitted vibration have been defined by reference to the available literature. For measuring vascular function the methods are: i) measures of the finger systolic blood pressure (FSBP) response to local cooling and ii) measures of the finger skin temperature (FST) response to local cooling. For measuring neurological function the methods are: i) measures of vibrotactile thresholds at the fingertips and ii) measures of thermal thresholds at the fingertips. Measures of the FSBP and the FST response to cold provocation were appraised in 109 dockyard workers. The FST test did not differentiate between 82 healthy subjects and 27 subjects with vibration-induced white finger (VWF) whilst the FSBP test was found to be sensitive, specific and responsive to VWF. Vibrotactile and thermal thresholds were found to be sensitive, specific and responsive to symptoms of numbness in another study of 104 dockyard workers, of whom 67 reported neurological disorders. It was concluded that whilst the above tests could be useful for monitoring the vascular and neurological disorders, a number of improvements to the measurement methods could be worthwhile. Further experiments were carried out to investigate these improvements. The simultaneous measurement of FSBPs on multiple test fingers was developed to improve the practicality of this test when measuring FSBPs on more than one test finger. Increased central sympathetic activity was hypothesised to result from increasing the stimulus by cooling more fingers. In two experiments on 12 healthy subjects, it was found that FSBPs measured simultaneously on four test fingers gave similar results to FSBP measurements on one test finger. Simultaneous FSBP measurements on four test fingers had comparable repeatability to measurements on one test finger. It was concluded that measuring FSBPs on multiple test fingers is a useful improvement to this test. When measuring FSBPs, changing the order of presentation and the period of recovery between thermal stimuli was hypothesised to influence the results by altering central sympathetic activity. In 12 healthy subjects it was found that the order of presentation of thermal stimuli was not important but that inter-subject variability increased when recovery was allowed between thermal stimuli. It was concluded that minimising the time interval between successive applications of thermal provocation reduces undesirable inter-subject variability. Another study on 12 healthy subjects showed that different reference measurement locations give different results. It was concluded that the thumb is suitable location for making reference measurements. The FSBP test and the FST test both involve application of cold provocation. The two tests are sometimes performed in succession but multiple thermal provocations may have cumulative effects on central sympathetic activity. When the two vascular tests were performed in succession on 36 subjects, including 12 subjects with VWF, any effects of the order of test presentation were small although a test performed first tended to be more repeatable. It was concluded that if both tests are performed consecutively, greater emphasis should be placed on the test performed first. The data for the FST test were reanalysed and showed that the sensitivity and specificity to VWF of this test is improved by changing the method of interpreting the results. Three methods of interpreting the FST response to cold provocation that represent an improvement to the test are suggested. The two vascular tests have been shown in the literature to be repeatable for healthy subjects but not for subjects with VWF. The repeatability of the vascular tests was assessed in 36 subjects (12 manual workers, 12 office workers and 12 subjects with VWF). The repeatability of both tests was found to be low amongst workers with VWF; some of these subjects showed a negative test result on one occasion and a positive test result on another occasion. It was concluded that a repeat test may be required when a false negative result is obtained. For the vibrotactile threshold test, the skin-stimulus contact force is usually controlled. Controlling the skin indentation would simplify measurement equipment. An experiment on ten healthy subjects investigated the relationship between skin-stimulus contact force, skin indentation and vibrotactile thresholds. It was concluded that the vibrotactile threshold test could be improved by implementing control of skin-indentation. Skin indentations giving comparable vibrotactile thresholds to those obtained using controlled contact forces were identified. It is concluded that a test battery comprising the four test methods identified from the literature and subsequently developed during the course of this research can be used to monitor disorders of both vascular and neurological function associated with occupational exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. A number of recommendations are made for further improvements that might be achievable as a result of further work.
34
Knoblach, Michael, and Fabian Stöckl. "What determines the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor? A literature review." Technische Universität Dresden, 2019. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A32679.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper reviews the status quo of the empirical and theoretical literature on the determinants of the elasticity of substitution between capital and labor. Our focus is on the two-input constant elasticity of substitution (CES) production function. By example of the U.S., we highlight the distinctive heterogeneity in empirical estimates of σ at both the aggregate and industrial level and discuss potential methodological explanations for this variation. The main part of this survey then focuses on the determinants of σ. We first review several approaches to the microfoundation of production functions, especially the CES production function. Second, we outline the construction of an aggregate elasticity of substitution (AES) in a multi-sectoral framework and investigate its dependence on underlying sectoral elasticities. Third, we discuss the influence of the institutional framework on the determination of σ. The concluding section of this review identifies a number of potential empirical and theoretical avenues for future research. Overall, we demonstrate that the effective elasticity of substitution (EES), which is typically estimated in empirical studies, is generally not an immutable deep parameter but depends on a multitude of technological, non-technological and institutional determinants.
35
Knoblach, Michael, Martin Rößler, and Patrick Zwerschke. "The Elasticity of Factor Substitution Between Capital and Labor in the U.S. Economy: A Meta-Regression Analysis." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-210681.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The elasticity of factor substitution between capital and labor is a crucial parameter in many economic fields. However, despite extensive research, there is no agreement on its value. Utilizing 738 estimates from 41 studies published between 1961 and 2016, this paper provides the first meta-regression analysis of capital-labor substitution elasticities for the U.S. economy. We show that heterogeneity in reported estimates is driven by the choice of estimation equations, the modeling of technological dynamics, and data characteristics. Based on the underlying meta-regression sample and a "best practice" specification, we estimate a long-run elasticity in the range of 0.6 to 0.7. For all estimated elasticities the hypothesis of a Cobb-Douglas production function is rejected.
36
Fischer, Deborah P. "The influence of the hormonal milieu on functional prostaglandin and oxytocin receptors and their downstream signal pathways in isolated human myometrium." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4470.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although prostaglandins (PG) and oxytocin are crucial mediators of uterine
contractility, their receptor-mediated effects during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy
and labour are not fully understood. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the
functional expression of EP, FP, TP and oxytocin receptors in isolated human
myometrium relative to myocyte mRNA and signal transduction pathways.
Myometrial samples were obtained from consenting non-pregnant and pregnant
donors. Functional techniques were used to determine isometric muscle contractions.
Primary uterine myocytes and fibroblasts were cultured at term to identify stimulated
changes in calcium (Ca2+), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and mRNA.
Myometrial strips exhibited spontaneous contractions, which were most active midcycle
under oestrogenic conditions. At this time intrinsic contractility and
responsiveness to uterotonins decreased towards the fundus. PGE2 produced bellshaped
responses with predominant utero-relaxant effects mediated via the EP2
subtype. Although activity was partially restored by PGE2 through EP3/1 receptors,
tissue excitation was more pronounced at FP, TP and oxytocin receptors. Despite high
FP mRNA expression, the lower segment uterus was particularly responsive to
U46619 and oxytocin at term pregnancy. Even so, Ca2+ mobilisation by oxytocin was
greater via principal release from intracellular stores. Incubations with atosiban,
progesterone and a rho-kinase inhibitor reduced oxytocin-stimulated Ca2+ transients.
EP2 also attenuated oxytocic effects but this appeared to be mediated through cAMP
rather than Ca2+ signalling pathways. With advancing labour, intrinsic myogenic
activity declined in parallel with oxytocin desensitisation. However, TP-induced
contractions were continued in the lower parturient uterus.
These findings demonstrate that PG and oxytocin receptor expression are regulated in
a hormone-dependent temporal and spatial manner. EP2-mediated cAMP formation
appears to promote uterine quiescence, whilst TP receptors may control muscle tonus
during parturition. These receptors and their messenger systems represent effective
tocolytic targets for uterine hypercontractile disorders, such as dysmenorrhoea and
preterm labour.Allergan Inc.
37
Lucena, Filho Humberto Lima de. "Competitividade empresarial, custos trabalhistas e mercados: possibilidades e limites de reconhecimento da função concorrencial do direito do trabalho." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8441.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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arquivototal.pdf: 3047968 bytes, checksum: 9d2427bc47e38719bd958cae2fc7d4a6 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-26T16:00:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 3047968 bytes, checksum: 9d2427bc47e38719bd958cae2fc7d4a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-29
The classical functions of labor law enrolled by doctrine the, the law and the specialized law does not contemplate, at the national level, the systematic evasion of labor rights as conduct enough for the environment in the event of anti-competitive behavior. As it happens, internally, debates and actions have been taken in international view, in order not to allow the labor legislation is a transnational instrument of competitiveness through the manufacturing facility in countries with weak legislation or with low enforcement of labor rules. Faced with two scenarios that deal with the same phenomenon, but with absolutely opposite treatments, this study has the general objective to research the correlation between labor costs, business competition and markets to assess whether the defense of the recognition of a competitive function is possible to labor law. The specific objectives are: a) examine the universalizing proposal of labor international standards, led by the International Labour Organization, to propose a reduced core duties applicable in all Member States, called conventionality block; b) demonstrate the fundamental interconnection of the labor cost related to profitability and obtaining markets; c) investigate how the national and international systems of antitrust face the theme, highlighting the doctrinal and jurisprudential peculiarities of social dumping in the Brazilian doctrine. In order to achieve the proposed objectives, the research uses the logical-deductive method and hermeneutic approach, which initial challenge is to establish the problematic object of research, that is, if it is possible that labor violations serve as substrate for the action of the body responsible for regulating competition. Concerning the methods of procedure, the sources are eminently laws, statistics and comparative aimed at scrutinizing the existence of a gap between the labor law and competition law in order to enable a intersectional conjugation. The documentary research considered the jurisprudence of supranational courts and local analysis of data produced by international organizations, local and foreign and Brazilian literature on the subject. As a final result, there is a competitive role in labor law disregarded the labor theory and the general competition law. It is understood also that this function is one of the many challenges posed by the legal globalization on the pursuit of efficiency in production costs by economic agents, should be exercised in the international harvest, the World Trade Organization (which apply the paradigm of ILO Core Conventions) and, in the infield, solely by the Administrative Council for Economic Defense (CADE) and the Federal Justice in cases of legalization, being prohibited in all, the analysis of the matter by the Labor Court, ex officio or on request, under penalty of contempt to the procedural principle of unity of belief.
As funções clássicas do direito do trabalho arroladas pela doutrina, pela legislação e pela jurisprudência especializada não contemplam, na esfera nacional, a sonegação sistemática de direitos trabalhistas como conduta suficiente para o enquadramento nas hipóteses de comportamento anticoncorrencial. Ao tempo em que isto se sucede no plano interno, debates e providências têm sido tomadas, na seara internacional, no intuito de não se permitir que a legislação trabalhista seja um instrumento de competitividade transnacional por intermédio da instalação fabril em países com legislação frágil ou com baixa fiscalização do cumprimento das regras trabalhistas. Diante de dois cenários que tratam sobre o mesmo fenômeno, mas com tratamentos absolutamente opostos, o presente trabalho possui como objetivo geral a averiguação acerca da correlação entre custos trabalhistas, concorrência empresarial e mercados para aferir se é possível a defesa do reconhecimento de uma função concorrencial do direito do trabalho. Como objetivos específicos pretende: a) analisar a proposta universalizante dos padrões internacionais trabalhistas, capitaneados pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho, para propor um núcleo reduzido de direitos aplicáveis em todos os Estados, denominado de bloco de convencionalidade; b) demonstrar a interligação fundamental do custo trabalhista relacionado à lucratividade e à obtenção de mercados; c) investigar como os sistemas nacionais e internacionais de defesa da concorrência enfrentam o tema, destacando as peculiaridades doutrinárias e jurisprudenciais do dumping social na doutrina brasileira. No intuito de concretizar os objetivos propostos, a pesquisa se socorre do método de abordagem lógico-dedutivo e hermenêutico, cujo desafio inicial é estabelecer a problemática objeto da pesquisa, ou seja, se é possível que violações trabalhistas sirvam de substrato para a atuação dos órgão responsáveis pela regulação concorrencial. Quanto aos métodos de procedimento, as ferramentas utilizadas são eminentemente legislativas, estatísticas e comparativas, que visam perscrutar a existência de um hiato entre o direito do trabalho e o direito da concorrência, de modo a viabilizar uma conjugação interseccional. A pesquisa documental considerou a jurisprudência de cortes supranacionais e locais, a análise de dados produzidos por entidades internacionais, locais e a bibliografia estrangeira e brasileira sobre o tema. Como resultado conclusivo, tem-se que existe uma função concorrencial no direito do trabalho desconsiderada pela teoria geral trabalhista e pelo direito da concorrência. Entende-se, ainda, que tal função representa um dos vários desafios propostos pela globalização jurídica diante da persecução da eficiência dos custos de produção pelos agentes econômicos, devendo ser exercida, na seara internacional, pela Organização Mundial do Comércio (que aplicará o paradigma das Convenções Fundamentais da OIT) e, no campo interno, unicamente pelo Conselho Administrativo de Defesa Econômica (CADE) e pela Justiça Federal, nos casos de judicialização, sendo vedada, de toda forma, a análise da matéria pela Justiça do Trabalho, de ofício ou a pedido, sob pena de vilipêndio ao princípio processual da unicidade de convicção.
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Rossi, Valéria Rondon. "Ser-ninguém: um estudo de caso sobre a readaptação funcional na perspectiva da psicodinâmica do trabalho." Universidade Católica de Brasília, 2018. https://bdtd.ucb.br:8443/jspui/handle/tede/2470.
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The present study has as main objective to understand the meaning of the teaching work for the readapted teacher working outside the classroom, based on their experience in functional readaptation in the State Department of Education of the Federal District, Brazil. For this, we seek the theoretical reference of the Psychodynamics of Work complemented with the theoretical assumptions of Psychoanalysis. The present qualitative exploratory research counted on the participation of five readapted teachers, and as throughout the development of the research one of them presented expressive data with significantly representative information, we opted for the single case study. Data were collected through a semistructured interview conducted following an orientation guide and complemented with sociodemographic data and characterization of the professional trajectory of the teacher. Using the technique of content analysis of the discursive corpus, we favour the modality proposed by Minayo (2014; 2015), according to Laurence Bardin (2011), that shows hidden and evident meanings in the interview. We discuss based in three main categories: work, functional readaptation and organization, with argumentation guided by the teacher’s experience in the readapted work. We found that the interviewed speaks about the work at class as “being a teacher”; speaks about functional readaptation and the work outside class as “not being a teacher anymore”; and relates de Organization and the meaningless work to “becoming nobody”. We show the lack of meaning in the work done by the readapted teacher, which is due to the lack of meaningful content at work. This situation leads to an emptying process and to a lack of narcissistic and object investment, what obliterates the role of the person in the workplace.
O presente estudo tem como objetivo primordial conhecer o sentido do trabalho docente para o professor readaptado com atuação fora da sala de aula, a partir da sua vivência e experiência na readaptação funcional na Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Distrito Federal. Para tanto, buscamos o referencial teórico da Psicodinâmica do Trabalho complementada com os pressupostos teóricos da Psicanálise para nos auxiliar neste percurso nos dando suporte, pois acreditamos que esses referenciais nos oferecem as ferramentas necessárias para aprofundarmos o tema aqui proposto. A presente pesquisa qualitativa de caráter exploratório contou com a participação de cinco professores readaptados, sendo que, como ao longo do desenvolvimento da pesquisa um professor apresentou dados expressivos com informações significativamente representativas, então, optamos pelo estudo de caso único por configurar como um caso representativo ou típico. Foram colhidos dados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada realizada seguindo um roteiro orientativo e complementados com dados sociodemográficos e caracterização da trajetória profissional do professor. Ao procedermos à análise dos dados, escolhemos a técnica de análise de conteúdo temático-categorial do corpus discursivo, percorrendo todas as etapas definidas por Minayo (2014; 2015) à luz de Bardin (2011), que revela as categorias que emergem da entrevista na busca de atingir os significados manifestos e latentes. Privilegiamos na análise a divisão em três eixos temático-categorial: Trabalho, Readaptação Funcional e Organização, sendo que o fio norteador de nossas discussões foi o trabalho docente na vivência da readaptação funcional. Constatamos que nosso entrevistado ao falar de trabalho relaciona com o trabalho docente em sala de aula, “ser professor”; ao falar de readaptação funcional relaciona com o trabalho fora de sala de aula, “não ser mais professor”; e ao abordar a Organização identifica o trabalho sem sentido, o qual o torna “ninguém”. Evidenciamos a falta de sentido no trabalho pelo professor readaptado, sendo que isso se deve pela falta de conteúdo significativo no trabalho, que leva ao esvaziamento e à falta de investimento narcísico e objetal, tirando o lugar da pessoa no mundo do trabalho.
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Fischer, Deborah Peninnah. "The influence of the hormonal milieu on functional prostaglandin and oxytocin receptors and their downstream signal pathways in isolated human myometrium." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4470.
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Although prostaglandins (PG) and oxytocin are crucial mediators of uterine contractility, their receptor-mediated effects during the menstrual cycle, pregnancy and labour are not fully understood. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the functional expression of EP, FP, TP and oxytocin receptors in isolated human myometrium relative to myocyte mRNA and signal transduction pathways. Myometrial samples were obtained from consenting non-pregnant and pregnant donors. Functional techniques were used to determine isometric muscle contractions. Primary uterine myocytes and fibroblasts were cultured at term to identify stimulated changes in calcium (Ca2+), cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and mRNA. Myometrial strips exhibited spontaneous contractions, which were most active midcycle under oestrogenic conditions. At this time intrinsic contractility and responsiveness to uterotonins decreased towards the fundus. PGE2 produced bellshaped responses with predominant utero-relaxant effects mediated via the EP2 subtype. Although activity was partially restored by PGE2 through EP3/1 receptors, tissue excitation was more pronounced at FP, TP and oxytocin receptors. Despite high FP mRNA expression, the lower segment uterus was particularly responsive to U46619 and oxytocin at term pregnancy. Even so, Ca2+ mobilisation by oxytocin was greater via principal release from intracellular stores. Incubations with atosiban, progesterone and a rho-kinase inhibitor reduced oxytocin-stimulated Ca2+ transients. EP2 also attenuated oxytocic effects but this appeared to be mediated through cAMP rather than Ca2+ signalling pathways. With advancing labour, intrinsic myogenic activity declined in parallel with oxytocin desensitisation. However, TP-induced contractions were continued in the lower parturient uterus. These findings demonstrate that PG and oxytocin receptor expression are regulated in a hormone-dependent temporal and spatial manner. EP2-mediated cAMP formation appears to promote uterine quiescence, whilst TP receptors may control muscle tonus during parturition. These receptors and their messenger systems represent effective tocolytic targets for uterine hypercontractile disorders, such as dysmenorrhoea and preterm labour.
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Stavrakaki, Maria Georgia. "Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) Larvae and Live-Feed Quality; Effects on Growth and Expression of Genes related to Mitochondrial Functions." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-23306.
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Salmon production is threatened by sea louse <i>Lepoptheirus salmonis</i>, affecting both the environment and the industry?s economy. Use of the cleaner fish ballan wrasse (<i>Labrus bergylta</i>) is a promising method of salmon delousing with good results. The individuals used in salmon farms have so far derived from wildfish catches, but there is now interest in ballan wrasse aquaculture, as a more sustainable and environmental-friendly solution.During this experiment ballan wrasse larvae were fed with either enriched rotifers <i>Brachionus</i> sp., followed by enriched Artemia franciscana (Rot treatment) or with reared copepods <i>Acartia tonsa</i> (Cop treatment) until 45 day post hatch. This is probably the first study on ballan wrasse larvae with copepods as exclusive first feed. Larvae of the two treatments were compared for growth, survival and expression of seven genes (cyc1, cox5a, mnsod, fxn, crls1 and pla2g6 ) whose encoding products are localized in the mitochondrion. All genes were related to oxidative phospholyration, with two of them being parts of the final complexes of the electron transport (cyc1, cox5a).Cop larvae had a significantly higher growth during the whole experiment, while survival did not differ significantly. Gene expressions had good correlations with the larval standard length, implying that body size is more reliable than age for denoting the larval development. All genes except pla2g6 were higher expressed for the Cop treatment during the first 8 days post hatch, suggesting higher mitochondrial activity and energy (ATP) generation for the initial larval period. Specifically cox5a expression corresponded with larval dry weight increase, implying a strong molecular effect of the initial diet quality on cellular energy generation and growth. The present study underlines the importance of diet quality during the early days of the ballan wrasse life and results confirm other studies stating that reared <i>A. tonsa</i> is an optimal fish larval live feed for this period. Results also imply that copepods have a positive impact on the mitochondrial respiration, especially for the early larval days.
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Brand, Frederik Floris Johannes. "Perceptions of the effectiveness of a public service bargaining council in the fulfilment of its statutory functions : a case study of the Western Cape Provincial Chamber of the Education Labour Relations Council." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50416.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Collective bargaining has gained more prominence within the industrial relations system as the latter is undergoing a worldwide transformation process. None of the effects of this transformation process is potentially more important to workers than the impact on dispute resolution. Changes in world markets furthermore necessitate a renewed emphasis on quality of products and services. Within this context labour conflicts in the public service have potential crucial consequences for the South African government's ability to promote economic development and service delivery. The Education Labour Relations Council (ELRC) with its nine provincial chambers provides the infrastructure for collective bargaining in the public education sector and plays an important role in managing conflict and disputes within this sector. The goal of this research is to determine whether the Western Cape provincial chamber of the ELRC (PELRC) is effective in the fulfilment of its statutory functions, with specific reference to its collective bargaining and dispute resolution functions. Data has been collected by conducting interviews using an interview schedule. The research indicated that the PELRC does perform its statutory collective bargaining and dispute resolution functions. The PELRC, however, is more active in terms of dispute resolution than collective bargaining. The research established that the PELRC does not measure its effectiveness. Results were inconclusive regarding the PELRC's effectiveness in terms of its service delivery. The research, though did manage to identify those factors that contribute to effectiveness as well as those that counter it. It furthermore indicated that when effective, the PELRC's service delivery has a positive impact on the said statutory functions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kollektiewe bedinging het in vernaamheid binne die arbeidsverhoudinge sisteem toegeneem soos wat laasgenoemde 'n wêreldwye transformasie proses ondergaan. Geen van die gevolge van hierdie transformasie proses is vir werkers moontlik belangriker as die invloed wat dit op dispuut oplossing het nie. Veranderinge binne wêreld markte het verder 'n hernuwe klem op die kwaliteit van produkte en dienste genoodsaak. Binne hierdie verband het arbeidskonflik in die staatsdiens potensieel kritieke gevolge vir die Suid-Afrikaanse regering se vermoë om ekonomiese ontwikkeling en dienslewering te bevorder. Die Raad van Arbeidsverhoudinge in die Onderwys (RAVO) met sy nege provinsiale kamers verskaf die infrastruktuur vir kollektiewe bedinging in die openbare onderwys sektor en speel 'n belangrike rol in die bestuur van konflik en dispute binne hierdie sektor. Die doel van hierdie navorsing is om te bepaal of die Wes-Kaap provinsiale kamer van die RAVO (PRAVO) effektief is in die uitvoering van sy statutêre funksies met spesifieke verwysing na sy kollektiewe bedinging en dispuut oplossing funksies. Data is ingesamel deur onderhoude te voer waartydens 'n onderhoud skedule gebruik is. Die navorsing het aangetoon dat die PRAVO wel sy statutêre kollektiewe bedinging en dispuut oplossing funksies uitvoer. Die PRAVO is egter meer aktief in terme van dispuut oplossing as kollektiewe bedinging. Die navorsing het vasgestel dat die PRAVO nie sy effektiwiteit meet nie. Resultate was onoortuigend betreffende die PRAVO se effektiwiteit in terme van sy dienslewering. Die navorsing het wel daardie faktore wat tot effektiwiteit bydra sowel as dié wat dit teenwerk geïdentifiseer. Dit het verder aangetoon dat wanneer effektief, die PRAVO se dienslewering 'n positiewe invloed op die genoemde statutêre funksies het.
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Meyer, Leandro Garcia. "Avaliação da política de desoneração da folha de pagamentos da indústria de transformação: uma abordagem a partir de estimativas de imperfeições de mercado." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11132/tde-03082017-105740/.
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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a política de desoneração da folha de pagamentos da indústria de transformação por meio de uma abordagem metodológica alternativa e complementar ao método de diferenças em diferenças, que é usualmente utilizado em tais casos. Este tema é relevante na medida em que a perda de dinamismo do setor industrial brasileiro tem feito ressurgir o debate a respeito da hipótese de desindustrialização. Ainda que a ocorrência ou não deste fenômeno não seja consensual, este cenário levou o governo a retomar o uso de políticas industriais desde 2004, sendo a desoneração da folha de pagamentos uma das medidas mais relevantes tomadas recentemente para promover a recuperação do setor industrial. A medida ambiciona reduzir os custos trabalhistas para impulsionar o emprego e a produção do setor, além de melhorar sua competitividade, e se destaca pela grande quantidade de recursos empregada: entre 2011 e 2013 a renúncia fiscal associada à pollítica foi de R$ 20 bilhões. Para avaliar esta medida, a presente pesquisa considerou a tributação sobre a mão de obra como uma fonte de imperfeição no mercado de trabalho, a qual é estimada por meio da metodologia proposta por Petrin e Sivadasan (2013). Ao considerar que a política reduz tais imperfeições, foi possível estimar seu efeito no nível de emprego da indústria por meio de extensões ao modelo proposto pelos autores. Foram utilizados microdados da Pesquisa Industrial Anual (PIA-Empresa) em nível de firma entre os anos de 1996 e 2011. A variação no emprego das indústrias beneficiadas pela medida foi de apenas 0,84%, considerando somente as indústrias inicialmente beneficiadas pela política. Os efeitos da política aumentaram com sua expansão, o que ocorreu não somente como consequência do aumento no número de indústrias beneficiadas, mas também porque a medida passou a contemplar indústrias cujas elasticidades do emprego em relação aos tributos são maiores, fazendo com que o aumento no nível de emprego passasse para 5,14%. Além disso, os resultados mostraram que a variação no nível de emprego é maior para o trabalho do tipo blue collar do que para o trabalho do tipo white collar. Isto está em acordo com a teoria econômica sobre o mercado de trabalho porque um tipo de trabalho com atribuições mais específicas e que envolve maior aquisição de conhecimentos, como é o trabalho white collar, deve ser mais afetado por outras variáveis que não os tributos.The Brazilian government and policy makers have been concerned about the industrial performance lately, which made industrial policies recover its relevance in the political agenda since 2004. One of the most important of such policies was the payroll tax exemption to some industries, which was created to reduce labor costs, and to stimulate the Brazilian industry production, employment and competitiveness. The high coverage of this policy resulted in an important reduction in the Social Security contribution: the policy has already reduced the contribution in BRL20 billion from 2011 to 2013. Both the program expenses and the perceived need to increase Brazilian industrial competitiveness are reasons to carry out a formal empirical evaluation. However, there are many factors to control in order to identify the policy effects by the Randomized Control Trials, which makes this approach hardly suitable. The methodology to estimate market imperfections developed by Petrin e Sivadasan (2013) is helpful in this case. These estimates represent any phenomena that moves the market away from competitive equilibrium, such as mark ups, firing and hiring costs, capital adjustment costs, taxes and subsides. Therefore, the payroll tax exemption can be treated as a decrease in the gap for industrial sector labor market equilibrium, and this relationship between policy and market imperfections allows the policy effects identification. The variables used are from the Annual Industrial Research - Enterprise (\"PIA - Empresa\"), and were studied at the firm level for the period between 1996 and 2011. The results suggest that the policy increased the employment level in 0.84% considering only industries selected at the policy\'s first stage. The estimated effect on employment level increases to 5.14% considering also industries benefited by the policy after its expansions, which is related to higher elasticity of employment with respect to taxes for the industries included. Besides that, results show that most of the jobs created are blue collar jobs, which is in accordance with previous expectations since white collar jobs usually requires more skilled workers and, therefore, reacts more to other factors than taxes.
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Sørøy, Maria Oknes. "Dietary effects of different live prey on growth and functional development in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) larvae and juveniles." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for biologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-18372.
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Ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta) is a new species in aquaculture, the newly initiated intensive production is a response to the increasing demands for wrasse as cleaner fish in salmon and trout farming. The dietary requirements of the ballan wrasse larvae are largely unknown. The nutritional quality of the live feed commonly used in the farming of marine larvae today, rotifers and Artemia sp., may be suboptimal to the dietary need of developing ballan wrasse larvae, and contribute to the problems with growth, survival and skeletal anomalies currently observed in the rearing of this species. Copepods are the natural feed for pelagic marine larvae. To use intensively cultivated copepod nauplii in the farming of marine species, either as a supplement to, or instead of rotifers or Artemia sp., have lead to improved growth and normal development, earlier onset of ossification, and less skeletal anomalies. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of four different feeding regimes from 4 to 30 days post hatch (dph), on larval growth, development and quality. The larvae in the Copepod and Cop7 treatments were fed cultivated copepod nauplii of the species Acartia tonsa from 4 to 30 dph, and from 4 to 10 dph, respectively. The larvae in the RotMG and RotChl treatments were fed enriched and unenriched rotifers (Brachionus ibericus Cayman), respectively. All groups were fed Artemia fransiscana nauplii from 24 to 51 dph, and formulated feed from 40 to 61 dph. The experiment was terminated on 61 dph. Growth and survival was recorded, and the quality difference between the larvae from the different treatments was assessed through several quality parameters; observations of larval behaviour, response to handling stress, bone ossification, and skeletal anomalies.The larvae fed copepods instead of rotifers showed better growth and stress tolerance, were more effective predators, showed earlier onset of ossification of the axial and fin ray skeleton, and had significantly less skeletal anomalies per larvae compared to the larvae fed rotifers, when the most common anomaly (twisted arches) was excluded. Larval size was consistently more related to degree of ossification than age. Growth was the parameter most notably affected by the diet, and significant differences in dry weight, standard length and myotome height was found already on 8 dph.
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Figueiredo, Cláudia Cerqueira de Souza Machado Vieira. "Repartição funcional do rendimento no Brasil : uma abordagem setorial." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/19042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos EuropeusNeste trabalho faz-se uma análise da evolução da repartição funcional do rendimento no período contemporâneo Brasileiro, entre 2000 e 2016. A alteração da parte do trabalho no rendimento gerado na economia (VAB ou PIB), o chamado labour share, resulta da combinação de duas tendências importantes, a saber, a evolução da produtividade do trabalho e a do salário médio. Por sua vez, a alteração global (ou média) destas variáveis resulta das tendências verificadas em cada setor da economia em causa, cada um com as suas peculiaridades. Depois de um breve enquadramento teórico e revisão da literatura relevante, para a análise empírica da evolução do caso brasileiro será dada atenção à imputação do rendimento misto a "salários" e "lucros". Com isto pretende-se observar as relações existentes entre a evolução da participação do trabalho na economia e as transformações registadas na estrutura produtiva. Faz-se ainda a aplicação de uma análise shift-share, através da qual é possível distinguir/quantificar o chamado efeito "intra-sectorial" ou "within" (evolução do labour share de cada setor) do efeito "inter-setorial" ou "between" (ou de mudança estrutural, i.e., alterações no peso relativo de cada setor).
This paper analyzes the evolution of the functional distribution of income in the contemporary Brazilian period between 2000 and 2016. The change in the share of labor in the income generated in the economy (GVA or GDP), the so-called labor share, results from the combination of two important trends, namely the evolution of labor productivity and that of the average wage. In turn, the overall (or average) change in these variables results from trends in each sector of the economy concerned, each with its own peculiarities. After a brief theoretical framework and review of the relevant literature, for the empirical analysis of the evolution of the Brazilian case, attention will be given to the imputation of mixed income to "wages" and "profits". With this it is intended to observe the existing relations between the evolution of the participation of the work in the economy and the transformations registered in the productive structure. A shift-share analysis is also applied, whereby it is possible to distinguish / quantify the so-called "intra-sectoral" or "within" effect (evolution of each sector's labor share) from the "inter-sectoral" or "inter-sectoral" effect. "Between" (or structural change, ie, changes in the relative weight of each sector).
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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SILVA, Marcello Ribeiro. "Trabalho análogo ao de escravo rural no Brasil do século XXI: novos contornos de um antigo problema." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tde/1483.
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Previous issue date: 2010-05-20The objective of this paper is the study of rural labor analogous to slavery in Brazil of the 21st century. The goal of the research is to analyze the concept, characterization and the current mechanisms to combat this legal, social and economic phenomenon. Since some of the main obstacles to eradicating slavery-like working conditions are the absence of a precise concept of the phenomenon and the difficulty of its characteristics, this paper seeks to introduce the concept and identify the main features of this slavery-like labor, in hopes of contributing to its elimination. According to this paper, the concept of working conditions analogous to slavery outlined in article 149 of the Brazilian Criminal Code, with the wording of Law nº 10.803/2003, is broader than the concept of forced labor conceived by International Labor Organization. Thus, concludes this paper that the Brazilian Criminal Code´s Laws prohibit labor that is either forced or degrading, in essence using the concept of human dignity as its basis for outlawing all forms of modern slavery. This paper also concludes that although Brazil has achieved a prominent position in the fight against slavery-like labor, the legal mechanisms currently in existence to combat contemporary forms of slavery are not sufficient to solve the problem, a problem that is not only legal in scope, but also economic and social. Therefore, this paper defends the use of land expropriation as a mechanism to combat rural working conditions analogous to slavery for two reasons. First, because it represents the main instrument to implement agrarian reform, and, second, because land expropriation constitutes a penalty to the rural property owner who, ignoring the social function, forces workers to labor under slavery-like conditions. This paper uses the deductive method, relying on a qualitative research conducted from a bibliographic review of part of the available legal literature on the subject and from documents obtained in civil investigations and civil actions conducted by the public labor prosecutor.
O objeto da presente dissertação é o estudo do trabalho análogo ao de escravo rural no Brasil do século XXI. O ensaio tem por objetivo analisar o conceito, a caracterização e os mecanismos atualmente utilizados para combater esse fenômeno jurídico, social e econômico. Como dentre os principais entraves à erradicação do trabalho análogo ao de escravo contemporâneo encontram-se a ausência de um conceito preciso do fenômeno e a dificuldade de sua caracterização, a pesquisa procura definir trabalho análogo ao de escravo e indicar suas principais características, na esperança de contribuir para sua eliminação. Para o ensaio, de acordo com o art. 149 do CP, com a redação da Lei nº 10.803/2003, o conceito de trabalho análogo ao de escravo é mais amplo que o conceito de trabalho forçado concebido pela Organização Internacional do Trabalho, abrangendo tanto o trabalho forçado quanto o degradante, já que o principal fundamento para a vedação de todas as formas contemporâneas de escravidão é a dignidade da pessoa humana. Entende-se, ainda, que embora o Brasil tenha alcançado posição de destaque na luta contra o trabalho análogo ao de escravo, os atuais mecanismos jurídicos de combate às formas contemporâneas de escravidão não são suficientes para resolver o problema, que não é apenas de âmbito jurídico, mas também econômico e social. Assim, o estudo defende a utilização da desapropriação agrária como mecanismo de combate ao trabalho análogo ao de escravo rural por duas razões. Primeiro, por ela representar o principal instrumento de implementação da reforma agrária, e, segundo, porque a desapropriação agrária constitui uma pena ao titular do imóvel rural que, descumprindo a função social, explora o trabalho análogo ao de escravo. A dissertação utiliza o método dedutivo, apoiando-se numa pesquisa qualitativa, realizada a partir de uma revisão bibliográfica de parte da literatura jurídica disponível sobre o tema e a partir de documentos obtidos em inquéritos civis e ações civis públicas a cargo do Ministério Público do Trabalho.
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Dias, Ivo Antunes. "Flexibilidade e polivalência funcional: mitos e realidades no Portugal dos anos 90 (Para melhor compreender as estratégias dos actores sociais)." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8792.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Doutoramento em Sociologia Económica e das OrganizaçõesNovas condições de mercado exigem novos comportamentos empresariais. Os desafios da competitividade levam os empregadores a reclamar uma maior flexibilidade na utilização do factor humano. Procurando acompanhar a tendência europeia de flexibilização laboral, a Lei nº 21/96, embora conhecida como a "Lei das Quarenta Horas", tem um alcance mais vasto ao procurar estabelecer o novo quadro jurídico da organização e gestão do tempo de trabalho. Considerada ousada por uns e insuficiente por outros, esta Lei parece não ter concretizado o seu objectivo: melhorar a capacidade concorrencial da economia e das empresas portuguesas. O objectivo da presente dissertação á analisar o contexto em que a Lei foi elaborada, questionando as atitudes e interesses dos actores políticos e sociais, bem como identificar as questões controversas ligadas à sua aplicação.
New market conditions oblige companies to behave in novel manners. Competitiveness challenges have led employers to demand greater flexibility in the use of their labour forces. In order to keep up with the European trend towards greater labour flexibility, Law no.21/96, though known as the 40-hour law, far-reaching in that it aims at establishing a new legal framework for the organisation and management of working time. Considered bold by some, insufficient by others, this law does not seem to have achieved its objective: to improve the competitive strength of the Portuguese economy and of Portuguese companies. The purpose of this dissertation is to analyse the context within which the law was draw up whille inquiring into attitudes and interests of political and social players, as well as to identify the controversial issues related to its enforcement.
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Fernandes, Nídia Gabriela. "O modelo do capital humano na explicação das diferenças salariais : uma aplicação ao mercado de trabalho em Portugal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/18881.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mestrado em Sistemas Sócio-Organizacionais da Actividade EconómicaAs teorias do capital humano ganham expressão a partir do início da década de 6u, com autores como Theodore Schultz, Jacob Mincer e Gary Becker. A tentativa de explicação das diferenças salariais entre trabalhadores, com base neste quadro teórico, tem-se consubstanciado no desenvolvimento de um volume considerável de trabalhos de investigação em vários países. De acordo com os defensores do capital humano, os indivíduos são detentores de certas características pessoais (umas parcialmente inatas, como as aptidões intelectuais, e outras que vão sendo adquiridas ao longo da vida, tais como a educação formal e a formação profissional), as quais contribuem para o aumento da sua produtividade e, consequentemente, dos salários auferidos em ciclo de vida. Foi esta premissa que estabelece a correlação positiva entre o "stock" de capital humano e o nível salarial que nos propusemos testar para o mercado de trabalho português. Da estimação efectuada a partir de dados "cross-section" relativos a 1761501 trabalhadores, fornecidos pelos Quadros de Pessoal do Departamento de Estatística, do Trabalho, Emprego e Formação Profissional do Ministério do Trabalho e da Solidariedade (DETEFP/MTS), para o ano de 1996, verificámos que as teorias do capital humano explicam apenas parcialmente as diferenças salariais. Essa insuficiência deve-se à existência de outras variáveis influentes que não estão enquadradas no modelo do capital humano como, por exemplo, o sexo, os níveis de qualificação, a dimensão da empresa, o sector de actividade e a localização geográfica.
Human capital theories became popular at sixties with authors like Theodore Schultz, Jacob Mincer and Gary Becker. The attempt to explain the existence of different earnings among workers, based on this approach, has generated a large empirical framework across several countries. According to human capital theorists individuais possess certain personal skills (some partially innate, such as intellectual ability, and some acquired through the years, like formal education and professional training), which contributo to the increase of their work productivity and, consequently, to the growth of earnings in life cycle. This work tests empirically, for the portuguese labour market, the positive relationship between human capital stock and the earnings levei stressed by human capital model. From the estimation we derived, based on cross-section data regarding 1761501 workers drawn from Personnel Records of Ministry of Labour, for the year 1996, we observed that human capital model only explains partially earnings inequality. That insufficiency is related to the existence of other variables considered relevant in wage determination and which are not taken into account by human capital approach, for instance: sex, qualification leveis, firm size, sector of activity and location of employment.
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Coutinho, Filho Gabriel Lopes. "Acúmulo de função do empregado: fundamentos para uma proposição de alteração legislativa." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/6458.
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-11The objective of this paper is to examine the phenomenon of accumulation of function to those originally contracted employee, according to current Brazilian legal system . The intensity of work in the contemporary world is a subject of great tension between employers and workers. The phenomenon examined , which has several facets , has great interest because it is a content change of object clause of the employment contract . The contemporary production methods require that workers have polyvalent skills. In Brazil, the sole paragraph of art.456 of the Labor Code (CLT) allows the employer to use your "jus variandi" changing the object clause of the employment contract. The central issue is that the Brazilian labor law allows employers freely change the object of the employment contract without any limitation not exceeding the personal conditions of the employees and provided that an express contract, or some proof of contracted function does not 'exist. The law, however, provides an unfavorable presumption the employee:: i'1 practice, it is common the absence of express employment contract and the employee is hardly proof of the contractual object, limiting its "resistentia jus". The assumption behind this work is the perception of injury to the worker due to the law, which contradicts many principles of labor law. Five constitutional violations are identified in law and is made a proposal for legislative change to examination. The completion of background work is that no legally able to prevent the phenomenon of "accurl1ulation of function", except through collective bargaining agreements. However, it is necessary to have legal mechanisms that protect the worker, giving him a proper wage compensation in the face of natural increased complexity of the work it performs
O objetivo deste trabalho é examinar o fenômeno dê acúmulo de função do empregado àquelas originalmente contratadas, segundo o sistema legal brasileiro atual. A intensidade do trabalho no mundo contemporâneo é tema de grande tensão entre empregadores e trabalhadores. O fenômeno examinado, que possui várias facetas, possui grande interesse, pois representa uma alteração da cláusula de objeto do contrato de trabalho. Os métodos produtivos contemporâneos determinam que os trabalhadores possuam habilidades polivalentes. No Brasil, o parágrafo único do art.456, da CLT (CLT), permite que o empregador utilize seu "jus variandi" para alterar a cláusula de objeto do contrato de trabalho. A questão central é que a lei trabalhista brasileira possibilita que o empregador altere livremente o objeto do contrato de trabalho sem qualquer limitação que não ultrapassem as condições pessoais do empregadose e desde que não exista um contrato expresso, ou alguma prova da função contratada. A lei, portanto, traz uma presunção desfavorável ao : empregado: na prática, é comum a ausência de contrato de trabalho expresso e . dificilmente o trabalhador faz prova do objeto contratado, limitando seu "jus resistentia". O pressuposto deste trabalho é a percepção de prejuízo ao trabalhador em decorrência da lei, fato que contraria muitos princípios do direito do trabalho. São identificadas cinco infrações constitucionais na lei e é feita uma proposta de alteração legislativa para exame. A conclusão de fundo do trabalho é que não há condições de impedir legalmente o fenômeno do "acúmulo de função", exceto por meio de contratos coletivos de trabalho. Todavia, é necessário haver mecanismos legais que protejam o trabalhador, concedendo-lhe uma compensação salarial adequada em face da natural maior complexidade do trabalho que executa
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Schejbalová, Tereza. "Zadejte název práce: Současná rodina v ČR." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-116406.
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In my thesis I will focus on issue of changes in current Czech family roles and status. Main objective of my thesis is to cover essential roots of these changes. This topic was covered by me on basis of statistical and demogarfical data published in professional press as well as on individual study of independent sources. Changes in the family values are also caused by interchanging roles of men and women, their individual participation in operation, education and economic welfare of a family. These topics are also covered in the paper.These issues will be analyzed in regard of social mobility and unequality of particular family members, which influences theis social nad cultural capital, as well as consecuent ability to assert themselves in labour market. Changes in economic and social conditions have influenced family life very substantially, thus, partial task of my diploma thesis will be research focused on whether or not, in economicaly and socialy deprived regiones with relatively high unemployment, there are changes in family life influenced by disadvantegous social and economic conditons of a particular family dwelling area. My conception of this diploma thesis should contribute to understanding of development of a Czech family in contemporary social-economic and geopolitical development of Czech Republic in new millenium.
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Fernandes, Francisco José Saraiva Mendes. "Reskilling e Upskilling e o futuro do mercado de trabalho." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de InformaçãoOs efeitos da adoção e da utilização da Inteligência Artificial na vida das organizações são cada vez mais notórios nos diversos setores de atividade. A Inteligência Artificial deverá eliminar tarefas e funções organizacionais e gerar outras novas. A automatização de tarefas obsoletas origina uma necessidade de adaptação e aprendizagem às novas tarefas. O reskilling e o upskilling são formas de aquisição e desenvolvimento de competências necessárias à realização de tarefas nas empresas. Este trabalho visa encontrar competências necessárias à realização destas novas tarefas e funções, identificar prováveis reskilling e upskilling causados por Inteligência Artificial, o que envolve tanto os Recursos Humanos como os Sistemas de Informação. As referidas funções podem exigir um recurso a estes processos por ser necessário atribuir essas tarefas aos colaboradores. Por esta razão, é útil ter trabalhadores qualificados e habilitados para as desempenhar. Com a mudança dos postos de trabalho como são entendidos na atualidade, existirá uma variação do nível de importância de determinadas competências necessárias à realização de tarefas e funções no futuro do mercado de trabalho. Para o presente estudo foi realizado um focus group e um questionário. O mesmo estudo indicou que as competências envolvendo data science serão imprescindíveis num futuro em que as organizações tenham adotado a Inteligência Artificial para o bom desempenho no mercado de trabalho.
The effects of the adoption and use of Artificial Intelligence in the life of organizations are increasingly notorious on several activity sectors. Artificial Intelligence should eliminate organizational tasks and functions and generate new ones. The automation of obsolete tasks causes an adaptation and learning requirement of new tasks. The reskilling and upskilling are acquisition and development forms of necessary skills for the accomplishment of tasks on companies. This work intends to find necessary competences for the attainment of new tasks and functions, identify probable reskilling and upskilling caused by Artificial Intelligence, which involves both Human Resources and Information Systems. The referred functions may demand a resort for these processes for being necessary to assign these tasks to the employees. For this reason, it's useful to have qualified and competent workers to perform them. With the change of jobs as they are understood in the present time, there will be a variation on the level of importance of some necessary skills for the execution of tasks and functions on the labor market future. A focus group and a questionnaire were conducted for the present study. This study indicated that the skills related to data science will be indispensable in a future where organizations have adopted Artificial Intelligence for a good performance in a labor market.
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