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1
Brekhman, Grigori Iosifovich. "Home birth as a way of protection by woman itself and of her child." Journal of obstetrics and women's diseases 61, no. 5 (September 15, 2012): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/jowd615115-121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growing obstetrical aggression as aspiration of the doctors actively to operate by labor in a combination with formal attitudes between the woman and accompanying man in labor have given a pulse to occurrence and increase in the world of alternative movement for home birth. From a position of perinatal psychology it could be considered as a display of a woman self-defence and her protection of the unborn child. The author discusses the significance of the mental factor in labor, and also in a choice of a place of delivery. He comes to the conclusion about an opportunity of parallel functioning of two forms of support of the women in labor: in maternity branch of hospital and home under condition of the legislatively authorized Rules about their interaction
2
Widiarty, Wiwik Sri. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PERSAMAAN HAK ASASI PEREMPUAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN INDONESIA." to-ra 3, no. 3 (January 11, 2018): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/tora.v3i3.1162.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract
The struggle of women in achieving equality and justice has been carried out long ago, whether in the economic, social, cultural, and political aspects, in fact it has not been able to raise the dignity of women to be equal to men. Various laws and regulations governing women's rights include those implied in the Convention on Elimination of All Forms Discrimination Againts Women (CEDAW), namely the rights possessed by a woman, both because she is a human being and as a woman. Even though CEDAW has been rati ed, there are still discriminatory regulations, such as the Investment Law, Marriage Law, the Law on Placement and Protection of Overseas Workers, the Citizenship Act, and other Regional Regulations. Therefore, legal protection of women's human rights is very important, for women whose rights have been violated, especially since there are many cases of female labor violence working to help improve the family economy abroad.
Keywords: legal protection; women's human rights; female labor violence .
3
KOUIDER, Mimouna. "THE MATERNITY PROTECTION IN THE ALGERIAN LEGISLATION ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS AND WITH THE DEVELOPMENT IN THE SPREAD OF THE CORONA EPIDEMIC (COVID 19)." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 02 (March 1, 2022): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.16.24.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study sheds light on the various legal texts that guarantee the working woman protection from the risk of childbirth and the analysis of these texts, starting with the constitutional texts, the Labor Relations Law and the Social Security Law, since the latter guarantees the working woman the right to a paid maternity leave under certain conditions, procedures and guarantees that would ensure stability for the woman at both the professional and family levels. The issue of maternity protection is also considered as a basic legal axis in international labor agreements and comparative legislation. The study highlights the position of the Algerian legislator on these international standards and comparative laws, especially since Algeria is working hard to structure and ameliorate this protection. It is known that recently, the Algerian legislator renewed the interest in the sensitive situation of the pregnant woman by taking preventive measures towards her in light of the spread of the Corona epidemic (Covid 19) by deciding to give her the right to an exceptional paid holiday in accordance with the executive decree 20-69, related to the measures to prevent the spread of the Corona epidemic (Covid 19).
4
Ordine, Patrizia, Giuseppe Rose, and Gessica Vella. "Employment protection and gender gap." International Journal of Manpower 41, no. 1 (September 5, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-12-2018-0400.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of more stringent Employment Protection Legislation on employment outflows and wages of women compared to those of men. Design/methodology/approach The authors exploit the Italian labor market reform of 1990 that raised firing costs for firms with less than 15 employees leaving unchanged existing rules for larger firms. The authors setup a natural experiment using this firm size threshold to examine if an increase of severance pay in small relative to large firms has a different impact on labor flows and earnings by gender. Using administrative linked employer–employee data, the authors find a significant reduced flow out of employment of women with respect to men in small relative to large firms after 1990. Findings The results also indicate a reduction of the gender wage gap after the reform of about 1.5 percent. These findings are statistically significant for women in fertility age and disappear if we consider older women. Originality/value The findings are consistent with the idea that employment protection may help in reducing gender disparities.
5
Palatnik, Anna, and Jennifer J. McIntosh. "Protecting Labor and Delivery Personnel from COVID-19 during the Second Stage of Labor." American Journal of Perinatology 37, no. 08 (April 10, 2020): 854–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1709689.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading fast and is affecting the clinical workers at much higher risk than the general population. Little is known about COVID-19 effect on pregnant women; however, the emerging evidence suggests they may be at high risk of asymptomatic disease. In light of projected shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE), there is an aggressive attempt at conservation. In obstetrics, the guidelines on PPE use are controversial and differ among hospitals, globally, as well as nationally. The centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) recommend using N95 respirators, which are respirators that offer a higher level of protection instead of a facemask for when performing or present for an aerosol-generating procedures (AGP). However, the second stage of labor is not considered an AGP. The second stage of labor can last up to 4 hours. During that time, labor and delivery personnel is in close contact to patients, who are exerting extreme effort during and frequently blow out their breath, cough, shout, and vomit, all of which put the health care team at risk, considering that COVID-19 transmission occurs through aerosol generated by coughing and sneezing. The CDC and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) do not provide clarification on the use of N95 during the second stage. We recommend that labor and delivery personnel have the utmost caution and be granted the protection they need to protect themselves and other patients. This includes providing labor and delivery personnel full PPE including N95 for the second stage of labor. This is critical to ensure the adequate protection for health care workers and to prevent spread to other health care workers and patients. Key Points
6
Tan, Zhongsheng. "Comparative analysis of legislation in the field of labor protection in Russia and China." Proceedings of Petersburg Transport University 17, no. 4 (December 2020): 583–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.20295/1815-588x-2020-4-583-590.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Objective: Analysis of labor legislation on labor protection in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China with the aim of constantly improving working conditions, ensuring safety and harmlessness of operations which are unsafe and harmful to health, mechanization and automation of heavy manual labor, as well as the implementation of safe and civilized production. Methods: An analysis of legislation on labor protection was applied in terms of employment, labor contracts, working hours and rest breaks, wages, labor protection, social insurance, vocational training, etc. Based on its results, negative and positive consequences of legislation on labor protection in China and Russia were identifi ed. Results: The constitutions and labor legislation of both countries contain the rights of workers to legal protection, including the right to work in conditions that meet safety requirements, there are standards for investigating accidents at work, and special attention is paid to the labor protection of women and children. It was revealed that in the Russian Federation, in contrast to China, a greater number of regulatory laws and regulations were developed, and special labor assessments were effectively regulated, therefore, the safety level in the Russian workplace is higher. Practical importance: In accordance with the legislation on labor protection, state bodies, economic departments, enterprises and their leaders at all levels must take various organizational and technical measures to create safe, hygienic and comfortable working conditions for workers which prevent and eliminate accidents, industrial poisoning and occupational diseases, protect the health and safety of workers, maintain and improve their long-term working capacity, avoid unnecessary losses of social labor and material benefi ts. Constantly improving labor legislation allows working safely and protects the legal rights of employees.
7
Tropov, I. A., A. V. Fedkin, and A. A. Konkin. "Women Workers of St. Petersburg in the Late 19th — early 20th Centuries." Nauchnyi dialog, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): 335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2020-12-335-348.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article is devoted to the analysis of the conditions of labor activity, as well as the peculiarities of family life and everyday life of women employed at the enterprises of the factory industry of St. Petersburg in the late 19th — early 20th centuries. At the present stage of development of Russia, there is still a high proportion of female labor in industry, which determines the relevance of the problem under study in order to take into account the historical experience in regulating the complex sphere of labor relations. The question of the main factors in the formation of the female labor force in St. Petersburg during the post-reform period is raised in the article. The industries in which female labor was most widely represented are identified. Issues related to the peculiarities of the professional activity of female workers (working conditions, level of wages, problems of social protection, etc.) are discussed in detail. The circumstances of private, personal life are analyzed, the influence of material factors in the life of workers on the family life is revealed. It is concluded that the contradictions between the new status of a woman, who is able to independently determine her own fate, and the preservation of her unequal position in society, led to the wide participation of women workers in the political life of St. Petersburg during the First World War and the 1917 revolution.
8
Sulistianingsih, Dewi, Muhammad Shidqon Prabowo, and Martitah Martitah. "How Legal Protection of Women in Home Workers Improving Family Welfare?" Indonesian Journal of Advocacy and Legal Services 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/ijals.v3i1.40721.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Homeworkers are work that is done at home either on the basis of orders from others or doing on the basis of oneself. This type of work is referred to as informal workers, which is clearly difficult to obtain legal protection. Labor laws in Indonesia provide legal protection for both formal and informal workers, but the practice for informal workers is difficult to obtain legal protection. This program aims to describe and analyze the legal protections of women homeworkers in Semarang City in their efforts to make their families prosperous. This program uses socialization methods, interviews, observation and documentation. This program is conducted in the city of Semarang. The results of this program can be seen that the protection of homeworkers is still very minimal, especially for independent homeworkers. The implementation of statutory regulations has not been optimal, especially in manpower laws. The government is still not optimal in providing legal protection for informal workers, especially for homeworkers. Low wages, long working hours and the absence of health insurance are among the elements that homeworkers need to improve and increase in their efforts to make their families welfare. In the effort to achieve welfare for homeworkers' families, it is necessary to carry out supervision and guidance for homeworkers. Supervision and guidance can be carried out by the central government, local governments, non-governmental organizations, the academic community, observers of labor.
9
Boris, Eileen. "From Sexual Harassment to Gender Violence at Work: The ILO's Road to Convention #190." Labor 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 109–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/15476715-9475758.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article considers the political, social, and institutional forces behind the ILO's “Violence and Harassment Convention, 2019 (No. 190).” It traces the competing terms—worker protection, women's equality, and human rights—by which sexual harassment emerged as a proper subject for international action and how violence became the most acceptable framework for redress. With the plight of domestic workers dramatizing the issue, it took concerted efforts of women in the international labor movement, along with feminist staff within the ILO and key delegates to its International Labour Conference, to win a new labor standard.
10
Díaz Moya, Rafael. "Del paternalismo a la protección de la maternidad: un proceso de inconvenientes | From paternalism to maternity protection: a process of inconvenience." REVISTA ESTUDIOS INSTITUCIONALES 7, no. 12 (July 20, 2020): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/eeii.vol.7.n.12.2020.26251.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Al exponer la trayectoria de la protección de la maternidad, partiendo de un tipo previsión privada a principios del siglo XX, encontramos una visión del concepto jurídico de la maternidad, inexistente hasta la Ley Dato y su Reglamento en 1900, caracterizado por una condición social de la mujer basada en la crianza de los hijos y el cuidado del hogar, hecho que se trasladaría al mundo laboral mediante la consideración jurídica de un ser inferior. A través de una menor remuneración y mayor restricción educativa eran las formas patronales, en defecto de protección laboral por las Juntas locales de Reformas Sociales y de protección sindical por las pugnas entre la CNT y la UGT, para desembocar en una gran desigualdad de derechos que revertía en el incumplimiento de la legislación protectora de la acción social que intentaría evitar la II República especialmente con la inclusión de la protección del trabajo de la mujer como derecho constitucional.__________________________By exposing the trajectory of maternity protection, starting from a private provision at the beginning of the twentieth century, we find a vision of the legal concept of maternity, nonexistent until the Dato Law and its Regulations in 1900, characterized by a social condition of the woman based on the someone’s charge of the children and the care of the home, fact that would be transferred to the labor world through the legal consideration of an inferior being. Through lower remuneration and greater educational restriction were the employers' forms, in the absence of labor protection by the local Social Reform Boards and union protection by the disputes between the CNT and the UGT, to agree a great inequality of rights that reversed in the breach of the legislation protecting social action that the Second Republic tried to avoid, especially with the inclusion of the protection of women's work as a constitutional right.
11
Ardianto, Melisa Kurniawan, and Stanislaus Atalim. "IMPLEMENTASI PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERDAHAP HAK MATERNITAS PEKERJA WANITA DI KAWASAN BERIKAT NUSANTARA (KBN) CAKUNG JAKARTA UTARA DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG KETENAGAKERJAAN (STUDI KASUS PELANGGARAN HAK MATERNITAS PEKERJA WANITA DI WILAYAH KBN CAKUNG, JAKARTA UTARA)." Jurnal Hukum Adigama 1, no. 1 (July 19, 2018): 586. http://dx.doi.org/10.24912/adigama.v1i1.2158.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research was conducted to examine the rules concerning the protection of maternal right of women workers set forth in Labor Law. Basically, women workers have special right, their right must also be facilitated. One of the most fundamental right is the maternal right of women workers, including the right to menstruation leave, get social security in the form of care during childbirth and after childbirth, breast feeding and caring for the right and child rearing. This research also to look at the law as the principles of truth and justice that is natural and universally applicable. The method used in this research is normative research specifications. Juridical instruments used are equipped with the Labour Law Regulations related of legislation law, while the normative aspect associated with the materials related to the research literature. Implementation of maternity rights protection of women workers has been stated in the Labour Law and ILO Convention No. 183 Year 2000 on Maternity Protection (ILO Convention on Maternity Convention). The results of this research indicate that the implementation of maternity right not going well.
12
DZYUBAK, Anna Vasilievna. "Labor protection of women during the period of their maternity function." Право и государство: теория и практика, no. 9 (2021): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.47643/1815-1337_2021_9_207.
Повний текст джерела
13
Stępień, Barbara. "Mothers and Non-Mothers in the Labor Market: Mexican Regulations vs. the ILO Maternity Protection Convention, 2000 (No. 183)." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 71, no. 1 (May 29, 2021): 51–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.71.1.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article aims to analyze the social and legal situation of women in the labor market, especially in relation to the impact which maternity status impresses upon this. The author intends to explain why women are discriminated in the labor market (notably once they become mothers) by applying current psychological and economic theories on discrimination. Furthermore, the International and Mexican legal frameworks on the prohibition of discrimination and maternity protection are herein discussed and analyzed. Finally, the author proposes introducing and developing paternity labor rights as a necessary condition to eradicate gender discrimination in the labor market.
14
Azamatova, Gulmira. "Socio-Economic Reasons Of Participation Of Women And Girls In Population Migration." American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, no. 03 (March 12, 2021): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue03-09.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Today, the migration process and its status are of global importance. Women's participation in population migration is a complex and controversial process. Therefore, this article examines the socio-economic reasons for women's participation in migration, because the creation of favorable conditions and opportunities for women in migration is an important part of their social protection. is one of the directions. The article also describes the growth and decline trends of population migration on the basis of statistical analysis. In the regulation of external labor migration processes, in our opinion, it is expedient to expand legal labor migration.
15
Khamzina, Zhanna, Yermek Buribayev, Yerkin Yermukanov, and Aizhan Alshurazova. "Is it possible to achieve gender equality in Kazakhstan: Focus on employment and social protection." International Journal of Discrimination and the Law 20, no. 1 (March 2020): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1358229120927904.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International ratings confirm that Kazakhstan is a leader in Central Asia in addressing the causes of gender inequality; however, there are still significant gender differences in key areas. In particular, gender discrimination in the labor market is complex: when hiring or dismissing, while restricting access to certain professions and positions, in matters of promotion and career growth, when remuneration is paid for performing the same work, not related to differences in labor efficiency. Discrimination is especially sensitive in relation to pregnant women and women with young children. Discrimination continues with access to social measures for avoiding poverty and in the pension system. Further progress requires more strategically significant and focused actions to identify and bridge the remaining factors of systemic discrimination and gender gaps. In the article, we show the insufficient attention of the legal science of Kazakhstan to the problems of regulation of equality. We present the author’s methodology for analyzing labor and social legislation from the perspective of regulating gender equality, consisting of several assessments: Kazakhstan’s fulfillment of international obligations; implementation of the principle of nondiscrimination in labor and social legislation; administrative and judicial mechanisms to protect against discrimination based on sex; and opportunities for implementing best foreign and international practices for the regulation of equality.
16
Makhkamov, K. K., F. K. Olimova, N. Sh Ochildieva, and G. H. Eshonqulova. "Current strategies for the prevention of RDS in premature infants and possibilities of using them in the RT." Health care of Tajikistan, no. 4 (February 3, 2022): 40–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2021-351-4-40-44.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aim. To analyze modern strategies for the prevention of respiratory distress syndrome and the possibility of their use in RT.Material and methods. The analysis was carried out based on directives of the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, regulations, and normative documents for obstetric institutions approved by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan, and the data from annual reports of structural units.Results. The paper outlines an approach to monitoring a pregnant woman based on the 5th updated European Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Newborns with Respiratory Distress Syndrome. It presents positive and negative arguments for the effect of steroid drugs on the fetus and recommendations for their use at the stage of management of pregnant women with a high risk of preterm birth, depending on the gestation period. It also includes a brief comparative analysis with national clinical protocols for the management of preterm labor and tocolytic therapy.Conclusion. Early identification of pregnant women at high risk of termination and providing them with effective care following modern strategies, reduce the adverse perinatal outcomes.
17
Вітюк, Р. В., and О. В. Зражевський. "QUALIFICATION OF VIOLATION OF PROTECTION LEGISLATION REQUIREMENTS WORK DONE BY SEVERAL PERSONS." Juridical science 1, no. 4(106) (April 2, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32844/2222-5374-2020-106-4-1.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The relevance of the article is that healthy and safe working conditions are ensured by careful observance of safety and labor protection rules. This is especially important at the present stage of civil society development. At present, one of the most important factors in the democratization of Ukrainian society in the course of building a truly rule of law in Ukraine is, without a doubt, the constitutional consolidation of human and civil rights and freedoms as the highest value. However, the mere declaration of these rights does not mean that a person has a real opportunity to enjoy these rights and freedoms to the fullest. For the real provision of all human rights and freedoms, an effective socio-legal mechanism for the realization of rights and freedoms is needed, which contains guarantees for their provision and protection. One of the most important groups among the rights and freedoms of man and citizen are labor rights, violation of which entails the emergence of various types of legal liability, including criminal. Along with such violations as: delay in payment or unjustified reductions in wages, unjustified transfers or dismissals, violations of the rights of women with children, a special place is occupied by violations of legal requirements for labor protection, as in many cases they lead to occupational injuries. The article examines the features of the qualification of violation of labor protection legislation, which was committed by several persons. The author analyzes the problematic aspects of the qualification of actions of two or more persons guilty of violating the requirements of labor protection legislation, depending on the level of their subordination and the scope of responsibilities imposed on them by relevant orders, directives, acts. Also, the article describes such a form of joint negligence in the theory of criminal law as «negligent complicity». Specific criminal proceedings on the peculiarities of determining the subject composition of the violation of the requirements of legislative and other regulations on labor protection and bringing the perpetrators to justice have been studied. The author proposes amendments to Article 271 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.
18
Lestari, Sulistyani Eka. "Protection of constitutional rights against Indonesian women workers." Linguistics and Culture Review 5, S1 (September 9, 2021): 710–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5ns1.1458.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Female Labor generates foreign exchange. Objectives: want to know among other things: (1). TKW as a supporter of foreign exchange (2). Protection of constitutional rights abroad (3). The concept of protection of female workers outside. (4). Forms of legislation and international agreements. Method: With a qualitative approach in developing research to reveal the truth systematically, it is done through (a). Type of Research (b). Research approach and (c). Data collection technique. Conclusion: (1). Law Number 39 of 2004 concerning the Placement and Protection of Workers Abroad (2). Women Workers as elements of the State, must continue to have their rights as citizens as regulated in the constitution (3). The rights of every citizen, everyone has the right to be free from discriminatory treatment, and has the right to protection.
19
Henderson, Sophie. "State-Sanctioned Structural Violence: Women Migrant Domestic Workers in the Philippines and Sri Lanka." Violence Against Women 26, no. 12-13 (November 1, 2019): 1598–615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801219880969.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Adopting a structural violence approach, this article examines how the failure to implement protective rights-based migration policies by the governments in the Philippines and Sri Lanka creates the conditions for the systematic exploitation of women migrant domestic workers by recruitment agencies and employers. Fieldwork conducted in 2018 with advocacy groups, government agencies, and international organizations in the Philippines, Sri Lanka, and Hong Kong illustrates how both countries are prioritizing the promotion of overseas employment and commodification of labor above the protection of the rights of their women domestic workers under domestic and international law.
20
Sementsova, I. А., and E. B. Vered. "On the issue of strengthening the criminal legal protection of the labor rights of pregnant women and women with children under the age of 3 years." Voprosy trudovogo prava (Labor law issues), no. 01 (January 22, 2022): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/pol-2-2201-05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the article the authors considered the criminal law norm enshrined in Article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, including for its compliance with international legislation on the protection of persons with family obligations. They note that, firstly, contrary to the proclaimed norms of international law, neither the basic law of our state nor st. 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation mention as injured fathers with children under 3 years of age. Secondly, the disposition itself of article 145 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is defective due to the indication as a victim, along with a pregnant woman and a woman with not a single child, namely children under 3 years old. Thirdly, the authors note the softness of the sanctions of the norm in question compared, for example, with Art. 136 of the Criminal Code, which establishes a ban on discrimination on various grounds.
21
KAYHAN, Necati. "Statistical Analysis and Evaluation of Changing Trend of Woman Employment in Turkey in Globalization Conditions." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2017): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i2.p281-288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Women in the status of a milestone in a family, who can also become the mother, are given more responsibility compared to man. In this sense, working woman has some very crucial responsibilities both individually and socially and economically. Besides these roles, the involvement of women comprising almost half of the population in working life actively and contribute to production is of importance in the development of country and fight against poverty. Therefore, in the current time, a great many incentives have been given in socio-economic sense recently in order to increase the woman employment in Turkey, which is much behind OECD data, to the desired level. However, even though the activity in woman employment has partly improved quantitatively in recent years despite these measures, necessary improvement in providing them a proper job qualitatively have not been obtained. Some reasons for this could be summed as follows: gender discrimination, inadequate growth, scarcity in proper job, lack of innovative and entrepreneurial education model for labour market, rapid urbanization, qualitative labour force, job experience etc. Women could only find an opportunity for a job in atypical working forms such as easiest one, without a union, without protection, demanding a cheap labour force with sub-employers. In this sense, in the current study that was carried out to describe women employment in Turkey, it was aimed to investigate involvement in labour force, working types and conditions. The method to be used in the study was planned as determining and evaluating the condition in the working life of women and changing trend in the country with a basis of examining current national and international studies and statistical data with regard to woman employment in the last five years.
22
Novkov, Julie. "Liberty, Protection, and Women's Work: Investigating the Boundaries between Public and Private." Law & Social Inquiry 21, no. 04 (1996): 857–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-4469.1996.tb00099.x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During the Progressive Era, the U. S. state and federal courts considered constitutional challenges to protective labor legislation. While courts often struck down generalized protective legislation, they frequently upheld such legislation for women. I explore the reasoning in the cases decided between 1897 and 1923, showing that the courts developed understandings of liberty for women that differed from those for men. In opposition to traditional separate spheres reasoning, I show that the courts viewed men's exercise of liberty as depending on their private capacities to be free, while women's labor was subject to public control due to state interest in their reproductive capacities. I suggest that constitutional theorists who are studying substantive due process should place more emphasis on courts'conceptions of the subjects of due process guarantees rather than considering solely the challenged statutes' restriction of liberty. I develop a dynamic and complex understanding of liberty to capture this aspect of the relationship between constitutional theory and gender.
23
Hilden, Patricia J., and Mary Lynn Stewart. "Women, Work, and the French State: Labor Protection and Social Patriarchy, 1879-1919." American Historical Review 95, no. 5 (December 1990): 1555. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2162791.
Повний текст джерела
24
Widodo, Widodo. "Women’s Labor Force Success in Hong Kong." Journal of Islamic World and Politics 5, no. 2 (November 12, 2021): 196–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jiwp.v5i2.8755.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International migration occurs because population growth does not match the job opportunities and availability. This issue has increased labor migration abroad. International migration as a workforce is dominated by female migrant workers or Tenaga Kerja Wanita (TKW). Women in their development want to actualize themselves by having transitional roles as workers who actively earn money for their families. During this time, news and research are still around the protection and problems TKI / TKW has experienced. Only a few studies have focused on the TKI / TKW’s success during their work. This research is qualitative using the textual study method by analyzing secondary data from various related literature and former TKW interviews. Empirical data showed that the factors leading to Hong Kong’s success were caused by the Hong Kong and Indonesian governments’ policies. They protected the workers’ rights and support to self-actualize, and female workers began to join the organization. Thus, women had more insight, freedom, and confidence to work in Hong Kong.
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M., Moses M. "The Critical Exposure of Lesotho’s Labor Law Effectiveness: Industrial Relations’ Calamity of Textile Industry Workers in Lesotho." Journal of Social and Development Sciences 5, no. 2 (June 30, 2014): 58–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jsds.v5i2.806.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article provides insights on tribulations of Lesotho textile industry workers and effectiveness-extent of national labor law in shielding labor rights. It is a qualitative and quantitative research premised on textile industrial areas of Thetsane and Railway Station area in Maseru city, Labor offices and workers/trade unions. It illuminates the prescriptions of the Labor Law in Lesotho pertaining to the textile industries and inquires whether such Labor Law is not nominally applied in protecting textile factory workers’ rights. It examines workers’ organizational capacity and bargaining, role of workers’ trade unions in addressing workers’ concerns and maintenance of labor law. Elucidation embraces efficacy of legal resolutions procedure followed whenever there are disputes between workers and management, reported by either the individual workers or workers’ trade unions/TUs. Outlook of the workers to examine their content concerning services rendered to them by labor offices forms part of this researched debated in-depth interviews. Dictates of the Law towards lowly esteemed workers and the extent to which their rights as workers in Lesotho are protected by the government mold chief innards. Findings reflect on benefits ought to be derived from this industrial sector but which are inconspicuous, thereby ensuing in destitution of workers whose majority are women with significant dependency ratios. Labor downsizing, layoffs, unfair dismissals, salary cuts and/or delayed labor earnings, toiling beyond normal working hours, chronic lung diseases from inhaled harmful chemicals, labor devalourization, vulnerability and others constitute quandary of Lesotho textile industry workers. The research question is, then, how far does the law work for them through pro-active and reactive (remedial) strategies for their emancipation, protection and recompense/welfare?
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Dei, M., I. Pushchyk, I. Kudra, A. Polyatsko, and D. Bidiuk. "Universal and regional mechanisms for the protection of human rights." Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools 29, no. 5 (October 31, 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33531/farplss.2018.5.03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article reveals the question of the universal and regional protection mechanisms of human rights aspects of the fight against slavery, protect the rights of children in situations of armed conflict, ensuring the right to education of children with special educational needs and protection of the right to work of women.
The purpose of this article is to carry out a comprehensive analysis of mechanisms for the right regulation of protection and guarantees of labor rights of women, violation of human rights in the aspects of the slave trade, protection of the rights of children in conditions of armed conflict, the provision of the right of people with special educational needs and the impact on the development of Ukrainian legislation.
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Masi de Casanova, Erynn, Leila Rodriguez, and Rocío Bueno Roldán. "Informed But Insecure: Employment Conditions and Social Protection among Paid Domestic Workers in Guayaquil." Latin American Perspectives 45, no. 1 (July 10, 2017): 163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0094582x17717989.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Salaried domestic labor in private homes in Latin America is informal, precarious, and exploitative, but for thousands of women who have no other options it is their occupation and the sustenance of their families. The results of a study based on 400 surveys of paid domestic workers in Guayaquil, Ecuador, about social protection and labor rights show that workers possess a high level of knowledge about their labor rights but the majority do not belong to the social security system and many do not enjoy any of the benefits guaranteed them by law. Understanding the situation and experiences of these workers is a precondition for creating strategies to recognize the importance of their work and to guarantee their labor rights. En América Latina, el trabajo remunerado en casas privadas es informal, precario, y explotador; para miles de mujeres que no tienen otras opciones, es su ocupación y el sustento de su familia. Los resultados de un estudio basado en 400 encuestas de la protección social y derechos laborales de las mujeres trabajadoras remuneradas del hogar de Guayaquil, Ecuador, demuestran un alto nivel de conocimiento de los derechos laborales entre las trabajadoras. Sin embargo, la mayoría de las participantes no estaba afiliada al sistema de seguro social, y muchas no gozaban de ninguno de los beneficios garantizados por la ley. Entender la situación y las experiencias de las trabajadoras del hogar es necesario para crear estrategias que reconozcan la importancia de la reproducción social y defiendan los derechos laborales.
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Basu, Rajsekhar. "Kunti’s cry: Responses in India to the cause of emigrant women, Fiji 1913–16." Studies in People's History 7, no. 2 (December 2020): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2348448920951547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The publication in August 1913 of a letter attributed to Kunti, an Indian woman in Fiji, raised an outcry in India. First, the Hindi press took it up; then the Marwaris of Calcutta organised a campaign for the relief of emigrant labourers; and finally, the protection of Indian women in Fiji became a part of the nationalist campaign against indentured labour. This article examines the ideological basis of the agitation, arising from traditional male chauvinism merging with the anti-colonial upsurge, treating especially the reaction in the Hindi press, the Marwari intervention and the nationalist campaign.
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Sahnoun, Marwa, and Chokri Abdennadher. "Labor Market Institutions and Performance Economic Within Trial Labor Market Models: Flexibility, Rigidity, and Flexicurity." Review of Black Political Economy 46, no. 2 (May 28, 2019): 99–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0034644619850179.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this article is to identify economic performance through three labor market models (flexibility, rigidity, and flexicurity) that result from the effect of the labor market regulation. After conducting a comparative analysis of the flexibility, rigidity, and flexicurity models of the labor market using a feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) applied to 18 organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD) countries for the period between 2005 and 2013, we reached the following results. First, the effect of the labor market regulation on the unemployment rate appears to be particularly important for demographic groups (women and young people) on the flexible labor market. The union density and bargaining coverage seem to have the best results in the unemployment rate on the flexible market. More coordinated collective bargaining appears to reduce unemployment on the rigid labor market compared with the flexible one. However, our results are opposed to the neoclassical assertions which suggest that women are excluded from the permanent employment when a strict employment protection legislation (EPL) is excised. We also show that the replacement rate, the duration of unemployment benefits, the active labor market policies, permanent immigration inflows, and the tax wedge seem to have the best results on the flexible labor market, while the other variables have mixed effects on the different models of the labor market. These findings can provide policy makers and regulators with a better understanding of the performance of the flexible labor market and its behavior in the face of labor market institutions and adverse economic shocks. In fact, the government should liberalize strict labor laws.
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Biegert, Thomas. "Labor market institutions, the insider/outsider divide and social inequalities in employment in affluent countries." Socio-Economic Review 17, no. 2 (August 17, 2017): 255–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ser/mwx025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article investigates the role of labor market institutions for social inequalities in employment. To distinguish institutional impacts for men and women, age groups and educational levels the analysis draws on data from 21 countries using the European Union Labor Force Survey and the Current Population Survey 1992–2012. The analysis demonstrates that there is significant heterogeneity in the relationship between institutions and employment across social groups. In line with the literature on dualization, institutions that arguably protect labor market insiders, i.e. employment protection, unionization and unemployment benefits, are frequently associated with greater inequality between typically disadvantaged groups and their insider peers. By contrast, institutions that discriminate less between insiders and outsiders, i.e. active labor market policies, minimum income benefits and centralized wage bargaining at times boost social equality on the labor market. The insider/outsider argument provides a valuable heuristic for assessing heterogeneity in institutional impacts, yet in several instances the results deviate from the expectations.
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Chartzman Birenbaum, Alberto. "TOWARDS A LABOR RIGHT WITH A HUMAN FACE." Revue Européenne du Droit Social 52, no. 3 (June 1, 2021): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.53373/reds.2021.52.3.022.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There can be no development without human rights, just as there are no human rights without development. Furthermore, peace and security are essential for development and respect for human rights. A phrase that sums up and frames very well what the 2030 Agenda means: a roadmap to the world that we want and that we are already building. To help stabilize an economic model in democracy that puts the human person at the center and promotes social inclusion must create conditions that allow decent work. The challenges posed by globalization need human faces for world, regional and national development, through the reaffirmation of essential and universal values. In this context, work constitutes an ethical value, a decisive and determining factor for production. From this premise arises the right to work as a source of personal dignity, family stability and consolidation of social cohesion. It synthesizes the aspirations of people during their working life. It means the opportunity to access a productive job that generates a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families; better prospects for personal development and social integration, and equal opportunities and treatment for women and men. Decent Work, that ethical-evaluative assessment designed by the ILO in the 90s at the 89th annual meeting, today in 2021 is still a search paradigm. We are convinced that the worker must be the central axis of the system, subject to preferential guardianship. For this we need all workers to respect their fundamental labor principles and rights, enjoy a fair income, a work environment without gender discrimination or of any other type, where social protection is provided.
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Щербак, Валерія Геннадіївна. "НОВІ ВИКЛИКИ ВИМУШЕНОЇ ВНУТРІШНЬОЇ ТА ТРУДОВОЇ МІГРАЦІЇ В УКРАЇНІ". Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Series: Economic sciences 129, № 6 (13 травня 2019): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/2413-0117.2018.6.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper provides insights into the scale, intensity, the major trends and forms of internal and labour migration which has become an integral and critical attribute of social realia of modern Ukrainian society. The key factors affecting the settings and nature of forced internal and labor migration in Ukraine in 2014–2017 have been identified along with its essential vectors in the context of increased competition in the labor market, military actions in the Donbas region and the economic crisis. The study reveals the effects from forced internal labor migration on the national employment policy and explores the changes in the demand for qualified professionals. It is specified that forced internal and labor migration in Ukraine over 2014–2017 is the most large-scale internal migration since the Chernobyl nuclear power station accident in 1986. According to the Ministry of social policy of Ukraine, there were about 1.5 million of internally displaced persons (IDPs) registered in March 2018. Despite the ongoing war, occupation and life hazard, the number of registered internally displaced persons has decreased in the past two years. However, the government and public organizations mark permanent and increasingly intensified bilateral migration. The key factors affecting the forced migration process are the following: the complexity of gender and age ratio: there is a significant prevalence of women – 62% of IDPs, about 24% of IDPs are able-bodied adults (among them 70% are women), 59% of IDPs are pensioners, 13% children and 4% of people with disabilities. Another specific factor is unemployment – by the beginning of 2018 up to 60% of migrants were unemployed against 30% in 2015. According to the International organization for migration data, as of March 2018, the unemployment rate of IDPs amounted to 48%, with 70% of able-bodied IDPs have higher education. It is demonstrated that about 3% of Ukrainians refer to internally displaced persons which makes the largest group of IDPs in Europe. However, in the last two years the number of registered IDPs and people who apply for social assistance is reduced. A range of unresolved issues in the area of legal social protection of forced migration and the need for a theoretical understanding of the legal social processes in the modern realia of social protection of refugees and internally displaced persons have been discussed, emphasis is put on a dramatic increase in the number of legislative and other normative legal acts, the prolonged absence of the vital laws regulating social and legal protection of refugees and internally displaced persons.
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Chuang, Janie A. "Using Global Migration Law to Prevent Human Trafficking." AJIL Unbound 111 (2017): 147–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aju.2017.40.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Our understanding of human trafficking has changed significantly since 2000, when the international community adopted the first modern antitrafficking treaty—the UN Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (Trafficking Protocol). Policy attention has expanded beyond a near-exclusive focus on sex trafficking to bring long-overdue attention to nonsexual labor trafficking. That attention has helped surface how the lack of international laws and institutions pertaining to labor migration can enable—if not encourage—the exploitation of migrant workers. Many migrant workers throughout the world labor under conditions that do not qualify as trafficking yet suffer significant rights violations for which access to protection and redress is limited. Failing to attend to these “lesser” abuses creates and sustains vulnerability to trafficking.
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Jovanovic, Sladjana, and Biljana Simeunovic-Patic. "Protection against sexual harassment at work in the EU law." Temida 9, no. 4 (2006): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tem0604017j.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper gives an overview of the most important EU acts that prohibit the sexual harassment in the workplace and recommend the protection mechanisms. The problem of sexual harassment has been perceived from the aspect of gender (in)equality and discrimination while its solution is found in urgeing for consistent implementation of the principle of equal opportunity of women and men in the sphere of labor and employment. For the purpose of providing a comparative insight, it has been also given an overview of national legislative in this domain proceeding by conclusion that only few initial steps in creating the adequate mechanisms of protection from sexual harassment in the workplace have been made so far. .
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Rifyana, Evania Putri. "The Vulnerability of Occupational Health of Women Home Workers: A Study in Labor-Intensive Industries in Penjaringan, North Jakarta." Jurnal Perempuan 24, no. 3 (September 12, 2019): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.34309/jp.v24i3.347.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
<p>Labor-intensive industries oriented to low prices, has a strategy of reducing labor costs to compete in a competitive market. To streamline the production burden, the company issues a portion of its production commodities to workers outside the factory, in this case homeworkers. The majority of homeworkers are poor women who live around industrial areas. Through a qualitative approach, this study wants to find out the working conditions of women homeworkers working in labor-intensive industries, especially in the shoe sector, in the slums of the Capital City of Jakarta, namely the Penjaringan area, North Jakarta. The study found that women homeworkers do not have access to proper occupational health, making their conditions vulnerable. This vulnerability is influenced by poor working environment conditions, inadequate Health and Safety (K3), and the absence of social protection and security for women homeworkers. In addition, the house, which is used as a production space on a massive scale, also has implications for the daily survival of women homeworkers and their families.</p>
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Pradipta, Lengga. "DEALING WITH DISCRIMINATION: Women Labor and Oil Palm Plantation Expansion in Indonesia." Journal of Indonesian Social Sciences and Humanities 7, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 19–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.14203/jissh.v7i1.70.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Oil palm plantations have expanded massively in the isolated areas of Indonesia in the last decades. They cover more than 13.5 million hectares across Indonesia and spread into more than 10 provinces. Riau and West Sumatra are the two provinces that have been targeted for oil palm plantation expansion. When oil palm companies entered Riau and West Sumatra, they started to expand their operations and promised to provide the employment for local people, especially women. At first, thiswent smoothly. However, along with many other social, economic and environmental issues, oil palm companies are no longer giving adequate protection for the women in the labor force. Women operate in unsafe working conditions and always get an unfair share of income. The health of women who work for oil palm companies suffers greatly. They have to handle pesticides and fertilizers without protection such as masks and gloves. Although women put much effort in working for the oil palm companies, they always get lower financial compensation than the men. This situation demonstratesthe tremendous discrimination in the oil palm industry. This is violates many regulations, especially the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) article 11, which mentions that all parties shall take all appropriate measures to eliminate discrimination against women in the field of employment to protect health and safety in the workplace and to ensure equal wages between men and women. This situation not only contravenes CEDAW, but also Act Number 13/2003 about Manpower (article22) which is concerned with the safe working environment and equal wages among employees. The aim of this study is to investigate the current situation in the oil palm industry in Indonesia and how companies discriminate against women without considering the international and national regulations. This study is not only focuses on the oil palm industry itself, but also on women, and how they survive as employees of oil palm companies. This study used qualitative methods, which have been conducted through observation, key informant interviews and secondary data. The study also reveals that in order to solve the case about women labor in oil palm plantations, critical changes are urgently needed, not only from government as the policy makers, but also from many other stakeholders.
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Irham, Irhammudin, and Ibrahim Fikma Edrisy. "Implementasi Hukum Terhadap Tenaga Kerja Perempuan Yang Bekerja Pada Malam Hari (Studi Pada Pekerja Hotel Lee Bandar Jaya Lampung Tengah)." IBLAM LAW REVIEW 2, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.52249/ilr.v2i1.58.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Legal protection for workers is the fulfillment of basic rights inherent and protected by the constitution as regulated in Article 27 Paragraph (2) of the 1945 Constitution. Article 33 Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution also states that the economy is structured as a joint effort of kinship. Violation of basic rights protected by the constitution is a violation of human rights. The sovereignty of a country is stated in the constitution which regulates the basics of the state and guarantees the rights and obligations of its citizens. Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower is one solution in protecting workers and employers regarding the rights and obligations of each party. Labor protection is regulated more clearly in Article 67 to Article 101 covering the protection of workers with disabilities, children, women, working hours, occupational safety and health, wages and welfare. In principle, the Manpower Law protects and regulates the rights and obligations of both workers and employers. In its implementation, various kinds of problems may arise that can harm the workforce itself, especially with regard to legal protection for female workers. Therefore, this study wants to reveal the form of legal protection that should be received by female workers who work at night. especially with regard to the legal protection of female workers. Therefore, this study wants to reveal the form of legal protection that should be received by female workers who work at night. especially with regard to the legal protection of female workers. Therefore, this study wants to reveal the form of legal protection that should be received by female workers who work at night.
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Gromek-Broc, Katarzyna. "Equality Issues in the CEE Countries: Women and Decision-Making in the Labor Market." Review of Central and East European Law 31, no. 4 (2006): 413–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092598806x149603.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis article examines the situation of working women and their career development in Central and Eastern Europe. It looks at the difficulties and the obstacles preventing them from competing effectively with men. It considers the legal protection, or lack thereof, and the enforcement of the principle of equal treatment. It also evaluates the progress in the transposition of EU legal standards on equality and in the implementation of the new multi-faceted strategy, gender mainstreaming, targeting gender issues.First, the article begins with assessment of equal opportunities under communism weighing the incontestable impediments and essential advantages of this period. Secondly, it investigates the changes that have occurred over the last twenty years, mainly market transformation and its impact on women at work. In particular, it critically evaluates the consequences of "unprepared" transition without, however, underestimating the challenges and opportunities. Thirdly, it discusses the evolution in legal protection through the implementation of the EU equality directives. Finally, it looks at progress in the application of the gender mainstreaming strategy stressing the importance of combined efforts in the legal, social, economic and political spheres. In conclusion, this article offers some reflections as to how (best) to remedy some existing problems and, overall, to enhance women's positions in employment.
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Glass, Christy M. "Gender and Work during Transition." East European Politics and Societies: and Cultures 22, no. 4 (September 8, 2008): 757–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0888325408316530.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Did gender affect access to jobs during the transition from state socialism to market capitalism in Eastern Europe and Russia? Using cross-national survey data from 1993 and 2000, this analysis tests several competing hypotheses regarding labor force participation during periods of economic restructuring and recession. In 1993, women, those with service sector experience, and those with high levels of education enjoyed a degree of protection from job loss. By 2000, however, sizeable and significant penalties existed for many women, particularly those with young children. These findings are consistent with the short-term predictions of segmentation theory, which center on differences between men and women's ability to hold onto jobs during periods of economic restructuring. As economies restructured and recovered from major economic losses, women became increasingly vulnerable in the nascent capitalist labor markets.
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Akhmedova, Dildora Olimjanovna. "International and National Legislative Standards for the Protection of Women from the Social Consequences of Labor Migration." International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding 8, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v8i3.2482.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the past decades, the migration policies of the main destination countries have become much more stringent. In developing and improving migration policies, destination countries faced a difficult task - to find a balance between two factors: free market interests and border control / national security. In the context of globalization in the market, there is a growing demand for cheap and legally uncontrolled labor, while migration policy pays more and more attention to border control and the expulsion of illegal migrants. Millions of migrants are looking for a way out in these difficult conditions, attracted by job opportunities in destination countries, but with little legal access to it. This has resulted in a high growth in illegal migration, which has had a positive impact on many sectors of the economy in destination countries, where they are accustomed to relying on a cheap and flexible labor force - people who agree to any working conditions and are deprived of legal protection. This article is written about the problems and their solutions in different countries of the world faced by women migrants.
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Handayani, Diah, and Ahmad Taufiq. "ACTION PLANS AGAINST WOMEN'S INVISIBILITY HOME WORKER (PUTTING OUT SYSTEM)." JHSS (JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL STUDIES) 4, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.33751/jhss.v4i2.2578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to know the profile of women of home workers (Putting Out System/POS) in Kediri Regency, covering aspects of the establishment, categorisation, social security and the recognition of Putting Out System in Kediri Regency. The type of research developed in this study is a qualitative approach. According to Narbuko (2008), qualitative methods refer to research strategies, such as observation, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions and document studies. The results showed that home workers were scattered in several areas in several sub-districts. Although no data indicates clearly but their existence is very significant. In carrying out its work, women of home workers face some of the following problems:(1) There is no written agreement about the terms and conditions, (2) Low wages; based on the product unilaterally determined by the employer. (3) No labor social protection. Even if they have health insurance, it is because they are in the status of poor households so it is entitled to the beneficiaries of government-managed healthcare social security (JKN-KIS, JKN-KIS District, JAMKESDA) or have BPJS Mandiri. The inhibitory factors of the change in the access of women of home workers to the collateral of social protection of man power are as follows: logging constraints, regulatory constraints, social and family norms that impede women to participate in mentoring collective pursuits. There are two things that can encourage poor female home workers to access the social protection of labor, which is participation in collective action and the ability to negotiate with employers
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Fidelis, Malgorzata. "Equality through Protection: The Politics of Women's Employment in Postwar Poland, 1945-1956." Slavic Review 63, no. 2 (2004): 301–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3185730.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, Malgorzata Fidelis analyzes the role of gender in postwar Polish employment policies and shop floor culture and casts a new light on east European Stalinism and de-Stalinization. Focusing on the reconstruction and implementation of protective labor legislation for women, Fidelis argues that the communist definition of gender was a recast version of the western liberal notion of immutable sexual difference positioned in the body. At the same time, Polish society participated in defining gender at the site of production, most visibly in the de-Stalinization backlash against women, who had entered male-dominated skilled jobs in heavy industry under Stalinism. The party-state's use of women's reproductive function as a justification to remove women from men's jobs suggests that east European de-Stalinization needs to be reexamined in light of its different meaning for women and men.
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Yagi, Asami, Yutaka Ueda, Mamoru Kakuda, Satoshi Nakagawa, Kosuke Hiramatsu, Ai Miyoshi, Eiji Kobayashi, et al. "Cervical Cancer Protection in Japan: Where Are We?" Vaccines 9, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9111263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Japan, government subsidies for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of girls aged 13–16 commenced in 2010. By early 2013, vaccination had become a widely accepted national immunization program. However, in June of 2013, the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare (MHLW), the government’s lead agency, suspended its recommendation for vaccination in response to reports of adverse vaccine events. The rate of HPV vaccination quickly dropped from 70% to almost zero, where it has lingered for eight years. In 2020, a new 9-valent HPV vaccine was licensed in Japan. The momentum seemed to be building for the resumption of HPV vaccinations, yet Japanese mothers remain widely hesitant about vaccinating their daughters, despite the well-proven safety and efficacy of the HPV vaccines. The Japanese government and our educational and medical institutions must work harder as a team to inform our parents and their children about the life-saving benefits of the HPV vaccine, and at the same time, we must respond to all their concerns and questions. The vaccine hesitancy of unvaccinated women born in 2000 and thereafter is a natural consequence of the suspension of the government‘s recommendation. We must also take every possible measure to reduce the significant risk for cervical cancer these women have.
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Lyra, Joana, Rita Valente, Marta Rosário, and Mariana Guimarães. "Cesarean Section in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19: First Case in Portugal." Acta Médica Portuguesa 33, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.13883.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We report the first cesarean delivery in a woman with COVID-19 in a level III hospital in Portugal. It refers to a healthy woman with a term pregnancy that tested positive for COVID-19 on the day of labor induction. Given a Bishop score < 4 and the prior history of a cesarean section, the team decided to perform a surgical delivery. Appropriate personal protective equipment and safety circuits were employed, as described in more detail in the case report. Both the mother and the newborn are well. With this report we aimed to share our concerns, clinical management, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and to present our current circuits and adjustments regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in our maternity hospital.
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Dananjaya, Brian, and Lidya Marsaulina. "LEGAL PROTECTION FOR INDONESIAN MIGRANT WORKERS." Journal of Law and Border Protection 2, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v2i1.181.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the legal protection of Indonesian citizens working abroad from the perspective of domestic law and international law. The research method used is descriptive research methods and qualitative analysis techniques. The results obtained from this study indicates that human trafficking is a growing human rights problem in the international community, with a focus on prostitution involving women and children. Over time, changing times and increasing demand, human trafficking is no longer only in the field of prostitution, but also used in the form of forced labor, slavery, and the sale of organs. To regulate the protection of migrant workers, the United Nations General Assembly passed Case No. 45/158 in New York on December 18, 1990 which became the legal umbrella by issuing it. International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. The problem of migrant workers working abroad is currently a special concern of the Indonesian government as a guarantee that the state's goal is to protect the entire nation carried out. Protection in the form of a legal norm from Indonesia and legal entities abroad is an important factor to support the protection of migrant workers. With the direction of international and national law, Indonesian goverments puts out every effort to carry out legal protection optimally.
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Robert Khuana, Josep. "PENGATURAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TENAGA KERJA MIGRAN LINTAS NEGARA DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM INTERNASIONAL." Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum 8, no. 8 (August 7, 2020): 1275. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ks.2020.v08.i08.p14.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis perlindungan hukum bagi tenaga kerja WNI yang bekerja di luar negeri perspektif hukum nasional dan hukum internasional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian hukum normatif, dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus, norma-norma hukum/kaidah-kaidah yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan hukum yang dibahas, dilengkapi dengan kasus-kasus yang terjadi saat ini. Adapun hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah perdagangan manusia merupakan isu Hak Asasi Manusia dalam masyarakat intemasional yang berkembang dengan fokus permasalahan prostitusi yang melibatkan perempuan dan anak-anak, seiring dengan berjalannya waktu, perkembangan jaman serta meningkatnya permintaan, perdagangan manusia tidak lagi berpusat dalam bidang prostitusi, tetapi juga digunakan dalam bentuk praktek-praktek kerja paksa, perbudakan serta penjualan/pemindahan organ-organ tubuh. Dalam upaya mengatur perlindungan buruh migran, majelis umum PBB melalui Resolusi No. 45/158 di New York pada 18 Desember 1990 membuat payung hukum dengan mengeluarkan International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. Dalam upaya pelaksanaan perlindungan hukum terhadap tenaga kerja migran, PBB melalui International Labour Organization (ILO) mengeluarkan konvensi-konvensi yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan buruh migran. Upaya menanggulangi maraknya kasus perdagangan manusia yang tak lepas kaitannya dalam upaya perlindungan buruh migran Indonesia berkomitmen untuk melaksanakan Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children dan menerbitkan Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang (UU PTPPO).
The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the legal protection of Indonesian citizens working abroad from the perspective of national and international law. The research method used is a normative legal research method, using legal approaches and case approaches based on laws and regulations, norms of law / rules relating to legal issues discussed, are equipped with cases which is happening now.The results obtained from this research, human trafficking is a Human Rights issue in the evolving international community with the focus of prostitution issues involving women and children, as time goes on, the times of development and increased demand, human trafficking is no longer centered in the field prostitution, but also used in the form of forced labor, slavery and sale /removal of organs. In an effort to protect the protection of foreign workers, the UN General Assembly through Resolution No. 45/158 in New York on 18 December 1990 made a legal umbrella by issuing the International Convention on the Protection of the Rights of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families. In an effort to implement legal protection against foreign workforce, the United Nations through the International Labor Organization (ILO) issues conventions related to the protection of foreign workers. The efforts address the widespread human trafficking case in Indonesian migrant workers' protection is committed to implementing Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children and to issue Law Number 21 Year 2007 on the Eradication of Trafficking in Persons.
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Yosepin Simbolon, Nanci, and Madyasah Ablisar. "The prevention of child trafficking crimes and its legal reform." E3S Web of Conferences 52 (2018): 00033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185200033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The news about human trafficking especially children in Indonesia is increasing both domestically and across borders. The crime also includes in the form of labor smuggling, immigrant smuggling, slave trade, women and children. One of the most serious and very complex issues is the impact it has on and directly related to the child’s fate. In 2016, the Ministry of Women Empowerment and Child Protection reported, there were 943 victims of human trafficking reported in 65 the media. Separately, the Indonesian Child Protection Commission officially identifies 307 child trafficking victims. It remains unclear whether these two processes lead to an investigation or provision of protection to victims. This research uses normative research method to find out the prevention of child trafficking crime and form of legal renewal about child trafficking. This study states that the prevention of child trafficking victims is by prevention, prosecution to traffickers, and protection measures against victims. In addition, there needs to be a renewal of criminal law which should also focus on the protection of victims of trafficking in persons so as to provide opportunities for victims to gain their rights.
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Djuraeva, Nilufar Dalibaevna. "Theoretical And Methodological Basis Of Researching The Issue Of The Place And Role Of Women Of Uzbekistan In Cultural And Educational Processes (On The Example Of The ХX Century)". American Journal of Social Science and Education Innovations 03, № 05 (7 травня 2021): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajssei/volume03issue05-13.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article examines women's problems - the status of women in the family and society, protection of their legitimate interests, employment, protection of motherhood and childhood, increasing the status of women in society in the years of independence, protection of their rights and interests. , labor. and improving living conditions has become one of the priorities and goals of public policy, and it is scientifically based that the problem of treating women has risen to the level of public policy and strategy. The factors determining the relevance of the topic are analyzed. The article highlights the attitude towards women in the renewed Uzbekistan, the essence of the state policy in the field of guardianship, aimed at comprehensive support of women. It is known that in recent years in the field of history, social philosophy, law, economics, pedagogy, such issues as treatment of women, gender equality, protection of the rights and interests of women, ensuring their social protection and employment, participation of women in internal and external migration have been considered. The scope of special research work is expanding. Problem-chronological, comparative-analytical methods of the occurrence of socio-historical events are based on a methodological approach that allows the synthesis of objectivity, accuracy and development, linking history and modernity, ensuring the unity of theory and practice, a theoretical and methodological basis. research based on the formation of such scientific principles as interdependence, structure, development in development.
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Khairi, Mawardi, and Sulaiman Sulaiman. "PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP TENAGA KERJA WANITA PADA SEKTOR PERIKANAN DI KOTA TARAKAN." Borneo Law Review 3, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 113–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.35334/bolrev.v3i2.1078.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRAKKota Tarakan memiliki empat kecamatan yaitu Tarakan Utara,Tarakan Barat,Tarakan Tengah dan Tarakan Timur. Berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Tarakan tahun 2018 terdapat 37.894 tenaga kerjawanita dan terdapat 918 orang tenaga keja wanita yang bekerja pada sector perikanan. Perlindungan hokum terhadap tenaga kerja wanita merupakan amanat konstitusi,karena itu Negara harus berpastisipasi aktif untuk melindungi hak-hak pekerja wanita agar kodrat wanita tetap terjaga. Keberadaan tenaga kerja wanita pada sector perikanan sangatlah penting,karena sector perikanan adalah salah satu komoditas unggulan pemerintah daerah Kota Tarakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian normative empiris yaitu penelitian yang mengkombinaskan antara ketentuan ketentuan normative hokum dengan pelaksanaan hukum di lapangan (law in book and law in action). Adapun tujuan penelitian ini menitik beratkan pada pelaksanaan perlindungan hokum terhadap tenaga kerja wanita yang bekerja pada sector perikanan baik oleh perusahaan maupun oleh pemerintah serta menelaah hambatan-hambatan yang menjadi penghalang tidak dapat di penuhinya hak-hak tenaga kerja wanita di sector perikanan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan,penulis menyimpulkan bahwa baik perusahaan maupun pemerintah telah memenuhi hak-hak tenaga kerja wanita sesuai ketentuan peraturan perundang – undangan khususnya tenga kerja wanita sebagai pegawai tetap perusahaan,akan tetapi belumefektif yang di akibatkan oleh rendahnya kemampuan keuangan perusahaan,petugas pengawas ketenagakerjaan yang terbatas serta perilaku tenaga kerja wanita yang terkadang tidak mematuhi ketentuan –ketentuan norma dalam bidang ketenagakerjaan.Keyword: Perlindungan,Perikanan dan Tenaga Kerja WanitaABSTRACTTarakan City has four districts namely North Tarakan, West Tarakan, Central Tarakan and East Tarakan. Based on data from the Tarakan City Central Statistics Agency in 2018 there were 37,894 female workers and there were 918 female workers working in the fisheries sector. Legal protection for women workers is a mandate of the constitution, therefore the State must actively participate in protecting the rights of women workers so that the nature of women is maintained. The existence of women workers in the fisheries sector is very important, because the fisheries sector is one of the leading commodities of the local government of Tarakan City.This study uses empirical normative research methods, namely research that combines the provisions of normative legal provisions with the implementation of law in the field (law in books and law in action). The purpose of this study focuses on the implementation of legal protection of women workers who work in the fisheries sector, both by companies and by the government, and examines the barriers that are barriers to the fulfillment of women's labor rights in the fisheries sector.Based on the results of research that has been done, the authors conclude that both companies and the government have fulfilled the rights of women workers in accordance with statutory provisions - particularly the workforce of women as permanent employees of the company, but not yet effective due to the low financial capability of the company, limited labor inspectors and the behavior of women workers who sometimes do not comply with norms in the field of employment.Keyword: Protection, Fisheries and Women Labor
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Tairov, Alexandr D., та Natalia A. Berseneva. "Хозяйственные обязанности мужчин и женщин в кочевых обществах Центральной Евразии XVIII – начала XX вв." Oriental Studies 14, № 6 (30 грудня 2021): 1267–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-58-6-1267-1280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. In early nomadic societies of Central Asia, gender was the major factor in the division of labor. However, the written sources and archaeological evidence in the field do not provide enough detail to describe this division, hence the solution to the problem may be sought in the ethnographical data of the peoples, nomadic in their recent past. The article aims to analyze the household responsibilities of men and women in the nomadic societies in Central Eurasia in the 18th – early 20th centuries to use this data for a reconstruction of the gender labor division of the early nomadic societies in the region. Materials and methods. The study makes use of published sources on the recent nomads. Notably, the present authors proceed from the fact that, granted the largely conservative character of nomadic economy and the regional environment that remained unchanged in the period in question, the forms of regional nomadic economies were largely of a similar type. Hence, it may be possible to use the data on recently nomadic peoples for the reconstruction of the economy, culture, and socio-economic structures of the ancient nomads of the Eurasian steppes. Results. The undertaken analysis of the sources indicates a clear gender division of economic activities in the Eurasian nomadic societies in the 18th – early 20th cc. Tradition prescribed the division of household duties into strictly male and female, and any violation of the gender roles was discouraged. Conclusions. The range of economic responsibilities of men and women was clearly circumscribed in the nomadic societies of Central Eurasia, their ethnic affiliation and religion playing no part in the existent labor division structures. Men took care of the herds, keeping them safe and enlarging their number; crafts were also largely men’s field; men’s duties included maintenance and protection of caravans, as well as protection of the family and aul, property and livestock from enemy raids and baranta. Women were involved in childcare and domestic chores, including processing of animal raw materials, looking after livestock in the aul, cooking food, and collecting fuel for winter seasons. Thus, the data on labor division between men and women characteristic of the recent nomads makes it possible to reconstruct the gender labor division in the societies of the early nomads in the Eurasian steppe.