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Статті в журналах з теми "Lab-On-Fibers"
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Righetto, Ilaria, Raed A. Al-Juboori, Juho Uzkurt Kaljunen, Ngoc Huynh, and Anna Mikola. "Nitrogen Recovery from Landfill Leachate Using Lab- and Pilot-Scale Membrane Contactors: Research into Fouling Development and Membrane Characterization Effects." Membranes 12, no. 9 (August 27, 2022): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes12090837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Membrane contactor technology affords great opportunities for nitrogen recovery from waste streams. This study presents a performance comparison between lab- and pilot-scale membrane contactors using landfill leachate samples. Polypropylene (PP) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) fibers in different dimensions were compared in terms of ammonia (NH3) recovery on a lab scale using a synthetic ammonium solution. The effect of pre-treating the leachate with tannin coagulation on nitrogen recovery was also evaluated. An ammonia transfer on the lab and pilot scale was scrutinized using landfill leachate as a feed solution. It was found that PTFE fibers performed better than PP fibers. Among PTFE fibers, the most porous one (denoted as M1) had the highest NH3 flux of 19.2 g/m2.h. Tannin pre-treatment reduced fouling and increased NH3, which in turn improved nitrogen recovery. The mass transfer coefficient of the lab-scale reactor was more than double that of the pilot reactor (1.80 × 10−7 m/s vs. 4.45 × 10−7 m/s). This was likely attributed to the difference in reactor design. An analysis of the membrane surface showed that the landfill leachate caused a combination of inorganic and organic fouling. Cleaning with UV and 0.01 M H2O2 was capable of removing the fouling completely and restoring the membrane characteristics.
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Galeotti, F., M. Pisco, and A. Cusano. "Self-assembly on optical fibers: a powerful nanofabrication tool for next generation “lab-on-fiber” optrodes." Nanoscale 10, no. 48 (2018): 22673–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr06002a.
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Cennamo, Nunzio, Francesco Arcadio, Aldo Minardo, Domenico Montemurro, and Luigi Zeni. "Experimental Characterization of Plasmonic Sensors Based on Lab-Built Tapered Plastic Optical Fibers." Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (June 26, 2020): 4389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10124389.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, we have compared several configurations of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors based on D-shaped tapered plastic optical fibers (TPOFs). Particularly, the TPOFs used to obtain the SPR sensors are made by a lab-built system based on two motorized linear positioning stages and a heating plate. Preliminarily, a comparative analysis has been carried out between two different configurations, one with and one without a thin buffer layer deposited between the core of TPOFs and the gold film. After this preliminary step, we have used the simpler configuration, obtained without the buffer layer, to realize different SPR D-shaped TPOF sensors. This study could be of interest in SPR D-shaped multimode plastic optical fiber (POF) sensors because, without the tapers, the performances decrease when the POF’s diameter decreases, whereas the performances improve in SPR D-shaped tapered POF sensors, where the diameter decreases in the D-shaped sensing area. The performances of the SPR sensors based on different taper ratios have been analyzed and compared. The SPR-TPOF sensors have been tested using water–glycerin mixtures with refractive indices ranging from 1.332 to 1.381 RIU. According to the theory, the experimental results have demonstrated that, as the taper ratio increases, the sensitivity of the SPR sensor increases as well, while on the contrary the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases.
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Shokravi, A. Ramin, Mohammad Moshref, Behnam Eslami, and Farhad Aghmasheh. "Effects of botulinum toxin type A on healing of injured skeletal muscles." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 40, no. 02 (July 2007): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699190.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Objectives: (1) Evaluation of microscopic healing of skeletal muscle fibers after injuries, especially the arrangement of new muscle fibers and scar tissue diameter in the injury region. (2) Evaluation of alterations in microscopy of the healing procedure within skeletal muscles after injury following botulinum toxin type A (BTX -A) induced muscle immobilization. Materials and Methods: The study was done on 12 white lab rabbits of either sex in a 6-month period. Results: The immobilization of skeletal muscle fibers as a result of the use of BTX-A after injury caused a qualitative increase in fibrous tissue formation in the area of injury, and the BTX-A-induced immobilization for a period of 6 months led to muscle atrophy.
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Lymperatou, Anna, Niels B. Rasmussen, Hariklia N. Gavala, and Ioannis V. Skiadas. "Improving the Anaerobic Digestion of Swine Manure through an Optimized Ammonia Treatment: Process Performance, Digestate and Techno-Economic Aspects." Energies 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030787.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Swine manure mono-digestion results in relatively low methane productivity due to the low degradation rate of its solid fraction (manure fibers), and due to the high ammonia and water content. The aqueous ammonia soaking (AAS) pretreatment of manure fibers has been proposed for overcoming these limitations. In this study, continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure mixed with optimally AAS-treated manure fibers was compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated manure fibers. Due to lab-scale pumping restrictions, the ratio of AAS-optimally treated manure fibers to manure was only 1/3 on a total solids (TS) basis. However, the biogas productivity and methane yield were improved by 17% and 38%, respectively, also confirming the predictions from a simplified 1st order hydrolysis model based on batch experiments. Furthermore, an improved reduction efficiency of major organic components was observed for the digester processing AAS-treated manure fibers compared to the non-treated one (e.g., 42% increased reduction for cellulose fraction). A preliminary techno-economic analysis of the proposed process showed that mixing raw manure with AAS manure fibers in large-scale digesters could result in a 72% increase of revenue compared to the AD of manure mixed with untreated fibers and 135% increase compared to that of solely manure.
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Pisco, Marco, and Andrea Cusano. "Lab-On-Fiber Technology: A Roadmap toward Multifunctional Plug and Play Platforms." Sensors 20, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 4705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20174705.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This review presents an overview of the “lab-on-fiber technology” vision and the main milestones set in the technological roadmap to achieve the ultimate objective of developing flexible, multifunctional plug and play fiber-optic platforms designed for specific applications. The main achievements, obtained with nanofabrication strategies for unconventional substrates, such as optical fibers, are discussed here. The perspectives and challenges that lie ahead are highlighted with a special focus on full spatial control at the nanoscale and high-throughput production scenarios. The rapid progress in the fabrication stage has opened new avenues toward the development of multifunctional plug and play platforms, discussed here with particular emphasis on new functionalities and unparalleled figures of merit, to demonstrate the potential of this powerful technology in many strategic application scenarios. The paper also analyses the benefits obtained from merging lab-on-fiber (LOF) technology objectives with the emerging field of optomechanics, especially at the microscale and the nanoscale. We illustrate the main advances at the fabrication level, describe the main achievements in terms of functionalities and performance, and highlight future directions and related milestones. All achievements reviewed and discussed clearly suggest that LOF technology is much more than a simple vision and could play a central role not only in scenarios related to diagnostics and monitoring but also in the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) field, where optical fibers have already yielded remarkable results.
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Piccirillo, Federica, Martino Giaquinto, Armando Ricciardi, and Andrea Cusano. "(INVITED)Miniaturized lenses integrated on optical fibers: Towards a new milestone along the lab-on-fiber technology roadmap." Results in Optics 6 (January 2022): 100203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rio.2021.100203.
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Li, Xu, Jiali Huang, Jiayu Ding, Mingzhen Xiu, Kang Huang, Kang Cui, Jing Zhang, et al. "PEC/Colorimetric Dual-Mode Lab-on-Paper Device via BiVO4/FeOOH Nanocomposite In Situ Modification on Paper Fibers for Sensitive CEA Detection." Biosensors 13, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios13010103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A dual-mode lab-on-paper device based on BiVO4/FeOOH nanocomposites as an efficient generating photoelectrochemical (PEC)/colorimetric signal reporter has been successfully constructed by integration of the lab-on-paper sensing platform and PEC/colorimetric detection technologies for sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Concretely, the BiVO4/FeOOH nanocomposites were in situ synthesized onto the paper-working electrode (PWE) through hydrothermal synthesis of the BiVO4 layer on cellulose fibers (paper-based BiVO4) which were initially modified by Au nanoparticles for improving the conductivity of three dimensional PWE, and then the photo-electrodeposition of FeOOH onto the paper-based BiVO4 to construct the paper-based BiVO4/FeOOH for the portable dual-mode lab-on-paper device. The obtained nanocomposites with an FeOOH needle-like structure deposited on the BiVO4 layer exhibits enhanced PEC response activity due to its effective separation of the electron–hole pair which could further accelerate the PEC conversion efficiency during the sensing process. With the introduction of CEA targets onto the surface of nanocomposite-modified PWE assisted by the interaction with the CEA antibody from a specific recognition property, a signal-off PEC signal state with a remarkable photocurrent response decreasing trend can be achieved, realizing the quantitative detection of CEA with the PEC signal readout mode. By means of a smart origami paper folding, the colorimetric signal readout is achieved by catalyzing 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate blue oxidized TMB in the presence of H2O2 due to the satisfied enzyme-like catalytic activity of the needle-like structure, FeOOH, thereby achieving the dual-mode signal readout system for the proposed lab-on-paper device. Under the optimal conditions, the PEC and colorimetric signals measurement were effectively carried out, and the corresponding linear ranges were 0.001–200 ng·mL−1 and 0.5–100 ng·mL−1 separately, with the limit of detection of 0.0008 and 0.013 ng·mL−1 for each dual-mode. The prepared lab-on-paper device also presented a successful application in serum samples for the detection of CEA, providing a potential pathway for the sensitive detection of target biomarkers in clinical application.
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Humbert, H., C. Machinal, Ivan Labaye, and J. C. Schrotter. "Virus removal retention challenge tests performed at lab scale and pilot scale during operation of membrane units." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 255–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The determination of the virus retention capabilities of UF units during operation is essential for the operators of drinking water treatment facilities in order to guarantee an efficient and stable removal of viruses through time. In previous studies, an effective method (MS2-phage challenge tests) was developed by the Water Research Center of Veolia Environnement for the measurement of the virus retention rates (Log Removal Rate, LRV) of commercially available hollow fiber membranes at lab scale. In the present work, the protocol for monitoring membrane performance was transferred from lab scale to pilot scale. Membrane performances were evaluated during pilot trial and compared to the results obtained at lab scale with fibers taken from the pilot plant modules. PFU culture method was compared to RT-PCR method for the calculation of LRV in both cases. Preliminary tests at lab scale showed that both methods can be used interchangeably. For tests conducted on virgin membrane, a good consistency was observed between lab and pilot scale results with the two analytical methods used. This work intends to show that a reliable determination of the membranes performances based on RT-PCR analytical method can be achieved during the operation of the UF units.
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Sweeney, Lauren J., Peter D. Brodfuehrer, and Beth L. Raughley. "An introductory biology lab that uses enzyme histochemistry to teach students about skeletal muscle fiber types." Advances in Physiology Education 28, no. 1 (March 2004): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00019.2003.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One important goal of introductory biology laboratory experiences is to engage students directly in all steps in the process of scientific discovery. Even when laboratory experiences are built on principles discussed in the classroom, students often do not adequately apply this background to interpretation of results they obtain in lab. This disconnect has been described at the level of medical education ( 4 ), so it should not be surprising that educators have struggled with this same phenomenon at the undergraduate level. We describe a new introductory biology lab that challenges students to make these connections. The lab utilizes enzyme histochemistry and morphological observations to draw conclusions about the composition of functionally different types of muscle fibers present in skeletal muscle. We report that students were not only successful at making these observations on a specific skeletal muscle, the gastrocnemius of the frog Rana pipiens, but that they were able to connect their results to the principles of fiber type differences that exist in skeletal muscles in all vertebrates.
Дисертації з теми "Lab-On-Fibers"
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Lucas, Lonnie J. "Detection of Light Scattering for Lab-On-A-Chip Immunoassays Using Optical Fibers." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/193897.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation develops technology for microfluidic point-of-care immunoassay devices. This research (2004–2007) improved microfluidic immunoassay performance by reducing reagent consumption, decreasing analysis time, increasing sensitivity, and integrating processes using a lab-on-a-chip. Estimates show that typical hospital laboratories can save $1.0 million per year by using microfluidic chips. Our first objective was to enhance mixing in a microfluidic channel, which had been one of the main barriers to using these devices. Another goal of our studies was to simplify immunoassays by eliminating surfactants. Manufacturers of latex immunoassays add surfactants to prevent non-specific aggregation of microspheres. However, these same surfactants can cause false positives (and negatives) during diagnostic testing. This work, published in Appendix A (© 2006 Elsevier) shows that highly carboxylated polystyrene (HCPS) microspheres can replace surfactants and induce rapid mixing via diffusion in microfluidic devices. Our second objective was to develop a microfluidic device using fiber optics to detect static light scattering (SLS) of microspheres in Appendix B (© 2007 Elsevier). Fiber optics were used to deliver light emitting diode (LED) or laser light. A miniature spectrometer was used to measure 45° forward light scattering collected by optical fiber. Latex microspheres coated with PR3 proteins were used to test for the vasculitis marker, anti-PR3. No false negatives or positives were observed. A limit of detection (LOD) of 50 ng mL⁻¹ was demonstrated. This optical detection system works without fluorescence or chemiluminescence markers. It is cost effective, small, and re-usable with simple rinsing. The final objective in this dissertation, published in Appendix C (© 2007 Elsevier), developed a multiplex immunoassay. A lab-on-a-chip was used to detect multiple antibodies using microsphere light scattering and quantum dot (QD) emission. We conjugated QDs onto microspheres and named this configuration “nano-on-micro” or “NOM”. Upon radiation with UV light, strong light scattering is observed. Since QDs also provide fluorescent emission, we are able to use increased light scattering for detecting antigen-antibody reactions, and decreased QD emission to identify which antibody is present.
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Eustache, Clément. "Capteurs fibrés à base d'ondes de surface de Bloch." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCD028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La détection et l'analyse de faibles quantités physiques, chimiques ou biologiques, in situ, dans des environnements difficiles d'accès, a un impact important dans de nombreux domaines scientifiques, médicaux et industriels. Même s'il est l'un des meilleurs éléments en termes de miniaturisation pour relever ce défi, le concept de "Lab-on-tip", cloisonné au cœur de la fibre, présente une résolution de détection restreinte. L'objectif de ma thèse est d'explorer une nouvelle génération de "Lab-on-tip" basée sur l'interconnexion optique, de différents cœurs d'une fibre multicœurs, ou deux fibres à cœurs uniques. Cette approche repose sur des plateformes nano-optiques à base d'ondes de surface de Bloch développées à l'extrémité de fibre. Les ondes de surface de Bloch sont des modes électromagnétiques évanescents se propageant sur des distances millimètriques à la surface d'un cristal photonique unidimensionnel. Ces ondes de surface sont utilisées à la fois pour interconnecter les cœurs de fibre et sonder leur environnement. Des réseaux de diffraction sublongueur d'ondes sont gravés au-dessus de chaque cœur afin de coupler les modes de fibre aux ondes de surface de Bloch. Nous avons développé deux plateformes nano-optiques à l'extrémité de fibres à quatre cœurs et une plateforme sur la facette d'une férule à deux fibres monomodes standard. Nous avons démontré un couplage cœur à cœur contrôlable par la polarisation de la lumière incidente, permettant la mise en œuvre de fonctions de détection agiles et de démultiplexage. Ces plateformes ont été testées comme réfractomètres pour la détection de composés organiques volatiles. Ces structures permettent d'entrevoir des capteurs où l'excitation lumineuse et les signaux de détection empruntent des canaux différents à travers la fibre optique, permettant un processus de détection simplifié et une optimisation du rapport signal-à-bruit. Ces micro-plateformes optiques intégrées sur fibre sont exploitables dans un large éventail d'applications incluant les capteurs, le piégeage et la manipulation optique et le traitement de l'informationThe in-situ detection and analysis of small physical, chemical, or biological quantities in hard-to-reach environments is significantly impacting numerous scientific, medical, and industrial fields. Despite being a leading miniaturized solution for this challenge, the "Lab-on-tip" concepts, usually confined at the fiber core, face limitations in detection resolution. My thesis aims to explore a new generation of "Lab-on-tip" systems, based on a core-to-core optical interconnection at the fiber tip, either between various cores of an individual multicore fiber or two standard single-core fibers. This innovative approach leverages nano-optical platforms based on Bloch surface waves. Bloch surface waves are evanescent electromagnetic modes that propagate over millimeter distances on the top surface of a one-dimensional photonic crystal. These waves ensure core-to-core optical interconnection and the probing of their environment. The fiber modes and the Bloch surface waves are coupled by milling subwavelength diffraction gratings above each core, on top of the photonic crystal. We have developed three nano-optical platforms: two at the end of four-core fibers and another on the end-face of a ferrule combining two standard single-mode fibers. Our experiments demonstrated core-to-core coupling that can be controlled by the polarization of the incident light, enabling agile detection and demultiplexing functions. These platforms have been tested as refractometers for detecting volatile organic compounds, showcasing their potential as sensors. Our fiber-integrated architectures allows for light excitation and detection signals to travel through different channels within optical fibers, simplifying the detection process and optimizing signal-to-noise ratio. These fiber-integrated nano-optical platforms hold promise for a wide array of applications, including sensing, optical trapping and manipulation, and information processing
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Balu, Balamurali. "Plasma processing of cellulose surfaces and their interactions with fluids." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31675.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D)--Chemical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.Committee Chair: Breedveld, Victor; Committee Chair: Hess, Dennis; Committee Member: Aidun, Cyrus; Committee Member: Deng, Yulin; Committee Member: Singh, Preet. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
Частини книг з теми "Lab-On-Fibers"
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Esposito, E., A. Crescitelli, A. Ricciardi, G. Quero, M. Consales, A. Cutolo, and A. Cusano. "Lab on Fiber Technology Enables Nanophotonics Within Optical Fibers." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 363–67. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3860-1_65.
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Hounshell, David A. "Invention in the Industrial Research Laboratory: Individual Act or Collective Process?" In Inventive Minds, 273–90. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195071702.003.0016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The primary question this chapter explores is whether invention in the industrial research laboratory is an individual act or a collective process. The chapter also addresses the issue of whether the inventive act occurs in a discrete moment or in a more continuous process. These questions will be examined by focusing on the “inventions” of one particular industrial laboratory, the Pioneering Research Lab oratory of the Du Pont Company’s Textile Fibers Department in the period 1928 to 1968. Even in 1928 when this laboratory was established, the diversified, decentralized Du Pont Company had at least a dozen research laboratories; by 1968, the Textile Fibers Department alone had half a dozen laboratories, including four in the Wilmington, Delaware, area and others in Waynesboro, Virginia, and Kinston, North Carolina. The Pioneering Research Laboratory’s mission was to do just what its name implied-to conduct longer term and more basic research and to invent new products and processes within the Textile Fibers Department’s areas of business. This laboratory was extraordinarily productive during this period, especially after 1941, and therefore it provides an excellent vehicle through which to explore the inventing mind. Readers should compare and contrast this chapter’s analysis, which reflects the work of an historian of technology, with that of Dr. Paul Morgan (Chapter 10), who was one of the Pioneering Research Laboratory’s distinguished chemists during a good part of the period under consideration and who is rightfully to be considered an important inventor of the twentieth century.
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Kumar Patel, Suchit. "Experimental Investigation of Glass Fiber Reinforced Clayey Soil for Its Possible Application as Pavement Subgrade Material." In New Approaches in Foundation Engineering [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102802.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A clayey soil reinforced with commercially obtainable20 mm glass fiber of varying fiber content (fc = 0.25 to 1% by soil dry weight) was investigated in lab for its possible application as road pavement material. Standard proctor compaction, unconfined compression strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and undrained triaxial compression tests were conduction on compacted soil-fiber specimens as per ASTM standard. From the fiber mixing process it has been observed that fiber can be uniformly mixed into clayey soil only up to some optimum fiber content. Laboratory test results predicted that UCS, CBR and shear strength value of clayey soil enhanced significantly with fiber content up to some optimum value of 0.75% fiber content. The UCS increases maximum up to two fold, CBR by 2.8 times and shear strength by around 1.75 times than that of clayey soil alone. The inclusion of glass fibers enhances the ductility of clayey soil and modifies its failure pattern from brittle to ductile. It has been found that the glass fiber reinforced clayey soil can be used significantly as a subgrade material for low volume flexible road pavement.
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Ramasamy, Meenatchi, and Arul Kumar Murugesan. "ROLE OF BIOREACTORS IN TISSUE ENGINEERING TOWARD CLINICAL ASPECTS." In Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology Volume 3 Book 18, 133–48. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bkbt18p2ch5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tissue engineering needs bioreactor technology the biological, biochemical, and biomechanical needs can be met in a controlled environment provided by a bioreactor to manufacture designed products. To provide an in vitro physiological environment that is particular to a certain tissue during tissue maturation, bioreactors are typically used. The intricate process of growing cells under controlled circumstances is known as cell and tissue culture. These cells are often of mammalian or plant origin. The right bioreactor must be chosen for the best growth of plant cell and tissue cultures to produce useful chemical components. The creation of recombinant therapeutic proteins by mass culturing of animal cells takes place in bioreactors, which are crucial in the field of biologics. Bioreactors can be created using designs for stirred tanks, airlifts, hollow fibers, or Rotary Cell Culture Systems (RCCS), among other configurations. The stirred-tank bioreactor is among the most well-liked designs, which is employed in both industrial and lab research. By definition, using bioreactors to study normal and pathology must be extremely different, and the physiological environment has an impact on how such bioreactors are designed. By providing circumstances that mirror the native milieu of the 3D tissues, bioreactors provide a great platform for growing and developing these tissues. High-value metabolite and therapeutic protein biotechnological production using It has been promoted that plant in vitro systems are an appealing replacement for conventional technologies.
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Islam, Tarikul, Kazi Md. Rashedul Islam, Shahin Hossain, M. Abdul Jalil, and M. Mahbubul Bashar. "Understanding the Fastness Issues of Natural Dyes." In Dye Chemistry - Exploring Colour From Nature to Lab [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1005363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The utilization of natural dyes in textile production has gained significant attention due to their eco-friendly characteristics and minimal environmental impact. Serving as a sustainable alternative for textile coloring, particularly when derived from native plant species, natural dyes contribute to the promotion of local biodiversity. Obtained from various botanical sources such as flora, flowers, leaves, roots, berries, barks, and wood, they offer a diverse range of hues spanning blues, reds, yellows, browns, and violets. However, achieving consistent and predictable colors with natural dyes presents challenges due to inherent variations in plant sources, growing conditions, and extraction techniques. The integration of mordants, including aluminum potassium sulfate, potassium dichromate, copper sulfate, and others, is crucial to enhance dye absorption and improve colorfastness. Natural dyes are employed across fabrics like cotton, linen, silk, wool, hemp, and blends, each contributing unique qualities to the vibrant and environmentally friendly palette. Yet, the longevity and strength of colors may vary based on factors like dye type, fabric substrate, and mordant effects, impacting chemical bonding between fibers, dyes, and mordants. Hence, meticulous selection of dyes and mordants, considering their compatibility with specific fibers, is essential for achieving optimal colorfastness and durability in natural dyeing processes.
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Rathi, Dr Meenakshi. "CHEMICAL TRENDS TO KEEP AN EYE ON IN 2022-23." In Futuristic Trends in Chemical, Material Sciences & Nano Technology Volume 2 Book 13, 170–76. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v2bs13p3ch2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since its inception, the chemical industry has been characterised by its diversity and fragmentation. Basic chemicals, resins/synthetic rubber/fibers, petrochemicals, plastics/polymers, agriculture chemicals, medicines, biochemicals, coatings/adhesives, cleaning /toiletries, instrumentation/lab equipment, and many more are all included. There are products that have reached their full potential and others that still have a lot of room to develop. The clearance process for novel drugs also takes longer and costs more money as a result of tightening regulations. In addition, we currently exist in a time of flux, where numerous factors are impacting the chemistry industry. Sustainability research and development is a growing focus in the chemical industry. The chemical sector can make significant contributions to environmental protection through cutting-edge product development, manufacturing, distribution, consumption, and disposal. The 12 principles of green chemistry have the potential to improve chemical reactions and processes
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Lab-On-Fibers"
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Cusano, Andrea. "Lab on fiber technology: Adding new functionalites to optical fibers." In 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe (CLEO/Europe) & European Quantum Electronics Conference (EQEC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleoe-eqec.2017.8086876.
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Henriques, Cassian, and Arash Dahi Taleghani. "The Role of Fiber Properties s in LCM Design – A Numerical Approach." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/214861-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract To combat the problem of lost circulation during drilling, lost circulation materials (LCM) have most commonly been added to the drilling fluid to seal the fractures and recover the rate of penetration (ROP). In recent years, fibers have become an attractive addition to many lost circulation treatments specifically due to their ability to overlap, intertwine and give rise to net-like structures within the fracture, that are able to effectively cause bridge-initiation and seal fractures. However, the behavior of fibers in particle-laden flow display multi-variate complexity due to the effects of multiple mechanisms – both particle and fluid related, that influence the fibers during flow. As a consequence, evaluating fiber LCMs in the lab in a detailed manner can be very cumbersome and tedious. To overcome this limitation, we developed a validated, Computational Fluid Dynamics coupled Discrete Element Method (CFD-DEM) model to simulate the fiber-laden fluid flow process in millimeter-wide fractures. The effect of fiber concentration, fracture roughness, and fiber stiffness on plugging capability is evaluated. It is found that, although fibers are known to create net-like structures that portray better fracture bridging than conventional LCMs, the bridging mechanism is affected by the bending stiffness of the fibers. We propose two new concepts for the bridging mechanisms of fibers and their effects on the plugging time and maximum plugging pressures for the LCM plugs. This study also attempts to better understand the effect of employing mixed blends of soft and stiff fibers on fracture plugging effectiveness by simulating mixed fibers of different soft-stiff compositions.
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Sultana, Quazi Nahida, Saheem Absar, Stephanie Hulsey, Hans Schanz, and Mujibur Khan. "Synthesis and Processing of Solution Spun Cellulose Acetate Fibers Reinforced With Carbon Nanotubes." In ASME 2015 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2015-50804.
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We report the fabrication of Cellulose Acetate (CA) based fibers reinforced with Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a solution spinning process. The motivation of this work is to produce high performance fibers based on sustainable natural materials as an alternative to synthetic fibers for structural applications. A 30 wt% solution of CA in a binary solvent system of N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and Acetone (3:7 v/v) was used for the solution spinning of CA fibers. Both neat and CNT-loaded CA fibers were produced. The CNT loading with respect to the polymer was at 0.5 wt%. For CA-MWCNT spinning solutions, the MWCNTs were initially dispersed in the solvent and then CA is added and mixed together. The mixing temperature kept 40–45°C. The viscosity of the CA solution was 8,000 cP. Addition of MWCNT increased the viscosity of the CA solution to 32,000 cP. A lab-scale solution spinning line consisting of a constant torque high temperature gear pump and heated extrusion channels was used to produce both neat and CA-MWCNT fibers. The solution was pumped through a spinneret at the end of the extrusion channel with an orifice as a viscous gel-like filament which was passed through a spool placed in a coagulation bath and then it formed as fiber. The fibers are collected to a takeup roll at a draw ratio of 8.0. Characterization studies of both neat and MWCNT loaded fibers were performed differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). DSC analysis of fibers showed reduction in crystallinity of CA upon inclusion of 0.5 wt% MWCNT. TGA analysis showed improvement of thermal stability in CA-MWCNT fibers compared to neat CA. Cross-sections of neat CA fibers showed smooth surfaces with no significant defects, while CA-MWCNT showed formation of micro-voids and irregular features. Longitudinal views of outer surface of both neat CA and CA-MWCNT fibers showed no indication of surface defects or protrusions.
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Tehrani, Mehran, Masoud Safdari, Scott W. Case, and Marwan S. Al-Haik. "Using Multiscale Carbon Fiber/Carbon Nanotubes Composites for Damping Applications." In ASME 2011 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2011-5087.
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A novel technique to grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the surface of carbon fibers in a controlled fashion using simple lab set up is developed. Growing CNTs on the surface of carbon fibers will eliminate the problem of dispersion of CNTs in polymeric matrices. The employed synthesis technique retains the attractive feature of uniform distribution of the grown CNTs, low temperature of CNTs’ formation, i.e. 550 °C, via cheap and safe synthesis setup and catalysts. A protective thermal shield of thin ceramic layer and subsequently nickel catalytic particles are deposited on the surface of the carbon fiber yarns using magnetron sputtering. A simple tube furnace setup utilizing nitrogen, hydrogen and ethylene (C2H4) were used to grow CNTs on the carbon fiber yarns. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a uniform areal growth over the carbon fibers where the catalytic particles had been sputtered. The structure of the grown multiwall carbon nanotubes was characterized with the aid of transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) was employed to measure the loss and storage moduli of the hybrid composite together with the reference raw carbon fiber composite and the composite for which only ceramic and nickel substrates had been deposited on. The DMA tests were conducted over a frequency range of 1–40 Hz. Although the storage modulus remained almost unchanged over the frequency range for all samples, the loss modulus showed a frequency dependent behavior. The hybrid composite obtained the highest loss modulus among other samples with an average increase of approximately 25% and 55% compared to composites of the raw and ceramic/nickel coated carbon fibers, respectively. This improvement occurred while the average storage modulus of the hybrid composite declined by almost 9% and 15% compared to the composites of reference and ceramic/nickel coated samples, respectively. The ultimate strength and elastic moduli of the samples were measured using standard ASTM tensile test. Results of this study show that while the addition of the ceramic layer protects the fibers from mechanical degradation it abolishes the mechanisms by which the composite dissipates energy. On the other hand, with almost no compromise in weight, the hybrid composites are good potential candidate for damping applications. Furthermore, the addition of CNTs could contribute to improving other mechanical, electrical and thermal properties of the hybrid composite.
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Cheng, Ya, and Zhizhan Xu. "Hybrid Integration in Photosensitive Glass Using 3D Femtosecond Laser Micromachining and Its Commercial Potential." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21365.
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By shrinking a roomful of laboratory equipments and packing them into a palm-size chip, single Lab-on-a-chip devices are capable of performing a variety of chemical and biological analyses with reduction of reagent consumption, waste production, analysis time and labor cost. However, difficulties in packaging and assembly have been major challenging issues in the manufacture of Lab-on-a-chip devices. To tackle this problem, we recently combined the 3D femtosecond (fs) laser microfabrication technique and the multifunctionality of a photosensitive glass called Foturan. This development enables us to form various true 3D hollow microstructures inside or on the surface of Foturan glass with one continuous processing. Using this technique, a variety of micro-chemical reactor structures, including microchannels, microchambers, and microvalves, have been fabricated inside Foturan glass with an approximate spatial resolution of 10μm. Since the microstructuring of Foturan glass by fs laser is a non-ablative photochemistry processing, the fabricated internal surface is smooth and free of debris and cracks. The smooth surfaces can thus be used as microoptical elements to effectively reflect/deflect light beams. For the purpose of further smoothening the etched internal surface, we applied an additional annealing to the samples after etching by which the average roughness was brought down to ∼0.8nm on the laser scanned surface. Thus, we are able to fabricate microoptical mirrors, micro-beam splitters, freestanding optical fibers, and microoptical lenses in the glass. We have also demonstrated the functions of all these structures using a He-Ne laser. Functional micro-devices such as microfluidic dye lasers were successfully fabricated by integrating the microoptical and microfluidic components inside the glass, and lasing action was confirmed by analyzing the emission spectra at different pumping powers. The commercial potential of this technique is also discussed in this paper.
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González Madariaga, Francisco Javier, Luis A. Rosa Sierra, and Jaime F. Gómez Gómez. "Ecodesign assessment information an important tool for the design of new elements for building construction." In Systems & Design: Beyond Processes and Thinking. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ifdp.2016.3368.
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This paper reports some aspects about a new wallboard panel for building construction, a few facts from the materials research involved in the wallboard production and the design process carried on are reported too. The research done on the new panel eventually became in a whole new building construction system but more specific technical information about the system and the panel´s technical profile can be found in other publications, here has been privileged the discussion about the environmental impact produced by the new system´s in a whole. The flat panel is produced mainly with a nucleus of gypsum and water plaster, during its process that mixture has been enriched with agave dry fibers and polystyrene expanded plastic particles those materials cooperate to produce a light and resistant flat building construction product, both materials, dry fibers and plastic are materials recovered from the urban waste flow, this is a environmental benefit by itself. Wallboards samples were produced according several formulas and under different conditions, after they all were tested in labs. The project named “Design a building construction system based on an innovative flat panel produced with gypsum plaster, expanded plastic particles and agave dry fibers as reinforcement” is a six stages research project: a) Background, b) Preliminary lab works, c) Experimental stage 1, d). Experimental stage 2, e) Design and product development, and, f). Eco design assessment. Today all of project stages show a great advance, and the research team works on a detailed design for a new building construction system. As can be noticed in the project’s framework, one of the main objectives for the system is to reach a less ecological impact than other similar products. In order to verify that those goals have been reached, an Ecodesign assessment was carried on by the research team. In this paper the assessment procedure and some data output are brought to discussion.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/IFDP.2016.3368
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Albert, Jacques. "Lab-on-fiber Devices." In Workshop on Specialty Optical Fibers and their Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/wsof.2015.wf4a.1.
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"Near infrared spectroscopy as a tool for in-line control of process and material properties of PLA biopolymer." In OCM 2015 - 2nd International Conference on Optical Characterization of Materials. KIT Scientific Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.58895/ksp/1000044906-5.
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In the field of polymer processing NIR spectroscopy has been increasingly applied for an on-/in-line monitoring mainly at lab scale process development but also for production of high value materials. In this paper the bio-polymer polylactide (PLA) was investigated by NIRS in the range of 1.2 to 2.4 μm in order to identify additives like nanofil® and nano titanium oxide. A twin screw extruder (Haake Polylab PTW 16) was used to extrude polymer pellets mixed with the additives. The optical sensor probes (glass fibers) were placed between screw and nozzle to achieve a good optical throughput and to withstand typical temperature and pressure conditions during the extrusion (up to 220◦ C and a few 10 MPa). The on-line NIR spectroscopy enabled a real time information which might be used for process control or feeding control on the compound characteristics continuously. The chemometric data evaluation was able to quantify the measured values, especially the content of the additives in the compounds. The established statistical models predicted the actual values with high correlation coefficients (> 0.99). The additives altered viscosity of the melt and mechanical properties (Young´s modulus) of injection moulded test samples of the compound.
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Balaji, M. A. Sai, Eakambaram Arumugam, P. Baskara Sethupathi, S. Habib Rahmathulla, and H. Sultan Navid. "The Effect of Chopped Steel Fibre Orientation on Frictional Properties in a Phenolic Resin-based Asbestos-free Semimetallic Friction Material." In EuroBrake 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/8511493eb2021-mds-004.
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The effect of directional orientation of Chopped steel wool fiber in a friction material matrix / Brake pads that influences Friction, Wear and Mechanical properties of the Brake pads have been evaluated in a phenolic resin-based asbestos-free semi-metallic friction material composition. </p><p>Brake pad compositions widely use chopped steel wool fibers having a nominal length of less than 10 mm; diameter of about 500 microns; carbon content between 0.05 – 0.15 % as reinforcement. During compounding and mixing of friction material formulation, chopped Steel wool fibers along with dozen other raw materials are mixed/homogenized using plough shear mixer resulting in the steel fibers dispersed and oriented randomly in different plan and direction in the mixture and so over the final brake pad matrix too. </p><p>Trials have been carried out in Fricmart’s prototype Lab to orient chopped steel wool fiber in an uni directional plan in various semi-metallic formulations and progress has been achieved only in a medium- steel brake pad formulation that contains about 25% chopped steel fibers. Fricmart’s S-428 grade Steel wool fiber conforming to the above said specification has been used in the experiments. Fibers were initially classified using a set of sieves to remove the fines having diameter and length less than 200 microns and 3 mm respectively to meet the desired loose density / bulk density limit of 0.55 – 0.70 gm/cc to support the process of orientation. Further, a brake pad model that has rectangular geometry ( Merc. W-123 Pad) with an area of about 50 sq. cm was chosen to conduct the trials and to support the process of orientation. Brake pads were molded using conventional compression molding process at temp. of 150 deg. C with specific pressure of 250 bar and 6 minutes curing followed by 4 hours step curing ( post-baking ) to max. temp. of 180 deg. C in an air oven . Preparation of Samples: Sample 1 -By employing bi-directional magnetic field coupled with other special charging chute and dispersing techniques, the desired orientation of chopped steel wool fiber that was targeted to be parallel to the sliding direction of the brake (pad) was achieved to a level of more than 90% evenly oriented throughout the layer and matrix of the brake pad. Fricmart’s PLM – Stereo Microscope surveillance facility is used to ascertain percentage orientation during trials. Sample - 2: Brake pads processed as above by “parallel orientation to sliding direction’’ have later been used to study the effect of “orientation in perpendicular to the sliding direction’’ just by “inverting the new sample” specimen at the time of testing. Sample - 3: One set of brake pads were processed as per industries standard using the same batch/composition of raw materials with a random distribution of chopped steel wool fiber under identical process condition without carrying out directional orientation. Testing & Evaluation:The samples were cut from the brake pad and tested in Chase Type Friction Tester as per SAE J661 – small sample testing and the following are the observations. Internal shear measured as per ISO 6311 of sample -1 was significantly higher than sample – 2 & least in the case of sample 3 Faster bedding or faster adaptability to the disc in case of the sample- 1. 80% bedding achieved within 10 minutes of burnishing as compared to 20 minutes in case of samples- 2 & 3. The coefficient of friction is also dependent on the fiber orientation and µ for the developed pad ranges between 0.35 and 0.40. Fade resistance for samples 1 & 2 is superior when compared to sample 3.</p><p>Further, it was observed that as temperature increases, initially there was abrasion/plowing and on a further rise in temperature, a transfer film was developed making the steady-state friction. The wear rates decreased if the sliding path/direction changes from parallel to the perpendicular direction. The worn surface morphology was studied using FESEM and found that wear resistance is found to relate to the stability of the developed film. Sample 1 with the fibers oriented parallel to the sliding direction exhibited smoother running whereas sample 2 created undesirable judder noise. Hence it can be concluded that the Orientation of fibers with respect to sliding direction is preferable to the randomly oriented fibers towards frictional characteristics.
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Batarseh, Sameeh I., Saad M. Mutairi, Damian P. SanRoman, and Wisam J. Assiri. "First Industrial High Power Laser Field Deployment: Lab to Field." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211497-ms.
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Abstract This paper presents the industry's first successful high-power laser field deployment and the strategy that led to this success, including lab-to-field transformation. This paper will also give an overview of the intensive research conducted over the past two decades, recent field deployment and plan forward. Laser technology is used widely in almost every industry, from medical to the military, due to its unique features, such as precision, reliability, control and accuracy. The oil and gas industry capitalized on low-power laser applications such as sensing and measurements, but high-power laser applications remained beyond the realm of upstream. The program described in this paper aims to resolve it. To reach this goal, a strategic plan was designed around four pillars: laser-rock interaction, optomechanical design, energy delivery, and sustainability. The first pillar focused on developing a comprehensive experimental database of laser-rock interactions, which included tests on all types of rocks under different conditions. The second and third pillars concentrated on tool development and energy transmission via optical fibers. The last element analyzed how high-power laser applications enable sustainability in subsurface applications. The result is a comprehensive experimental database with thousands of tests and a robust field unit that can withstand harsh field environments. The system's design is enclosed, providing a safe and risk-free operation. The system consists of a laser energy generator, nitrogen tank, vacuum truck and tool. The success of the intensive research conducted over the past two decades led to the development of the first high-power laser system for field applications and unlocked several upcoming applications. All rock types have been successfully tested under different conditions, including in-situ tests in liquid and gas environments. The experimental plan was designed systematically and divided into phases, from fundamentals to advanced. Prototype tools were designed, tested, and upscale for field deployment. The tools combined optical and mechanical components. Several iterations, modifications, and improvements to the tools were applied until the optimized version was achieved. The laser source generates the laser beam (energy) at the surface. The power is transmitted via protected and shielded fiber-optic cables to the downhole tool, which is designed to control the geometry of the beam. High-power laser technology has been proven to effectively penetrate and drill in all types of rocks regardless of their strength and composition High-power laser technology is an innovative alternative to current methods such as perforation, descaling and drilling. It is cost-effective, compact and environmentally friendly, providing sustainable operations. The advantage of the technology is that several applications can be performed with a single energy source (the laser), and only the tool needs to be changed for different applications.