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1
Murray, Andy. "Meat cultures: Lab-grown meat and the politics of contamination." BioSocieties 13, no. 2 (December 4, 2017): 513–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41292-017-0082-z.
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Cheung, Rebecca. "AAAS meeting: Meeting notes: Lab-grown meat almost done." Science News 181, no. 5 (March 1, 2012): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/scin.5591810512.
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Alvaro, Carlo. "Lab-Grown Meat and Veganism: A Virtue-Oriented Perspective." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 32, no. 1 (February 2019): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-019-09759-2.
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Galusky, Wyatt. "Technology as Responsibility: Failure, Food Animals, and Lab-grown Meat." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 27, no. 6 (June 13, 2014): 931–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-014-9508-9.
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de Oliveira Padilha, Lívia Garcez, Lenka Malek, and Wendy J. Umberger. "Consumers’ attitudes towards lab-grown meat, conventionally raised meat and plant-based protein alternatives." Food Quality and Preference 99 (July 2022): 104573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2022.104573.
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Thyden, Richard, Luke R. Perreault, Jordan D. Jones, Hugh Notman, Benjamin M. Varieur, Andriana A. Patmanidis, Tanja Dominko, and Glenn R. Gaudette. "An Edible, Decellularized Plant Derived Cell Carrier for Lab Grown Meat." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 5155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Rapidly expanding skeletal muscle satellite cells with cost-effective methods have been presented as a solution for meeting the growing global demand for meat. A common strategy for scaling cell proliferation employs microcarriers, small beads designed to support anchorage-dependent cells in suspension-style bioreactors. No carrier has yet been marketed for the cultivation of lab-grown meat. The objective of this study was to demonstrate a rapid, food safe, decellularization procedure to yield cell-free extracellular matrix scaffolds and evaluate them as cell carriers for lab grown meat. Broccoli florets were soaked in SDS, Tween-20, and bleach for 48 h. The decellularization process was confirmed via histology, which showed an absence of cell nuclei, and DNA quantification (0.0037 ± 0.00961 μg DNA/mg tissue). Decellularized carriers were sorted by cross sectional area (7.07 ± 1.74 mm2, 3.03 ± 1.15 mm2, and 0.49 ± 0.3 mm2) measured for eccentricity (0.73 ± 0.16). Density measurements of decellularized carriers (1.01 ± 0.01 g/cm) were comparable to traditional microcarriers. Primary bovine satellite cells were inoculated into and cultured within a reactor containing decellularized carriers. Cell adhesion was observed and cell death was limited to 2.55 ± 1.09%. These studies suggested that broccoli florets may serve as adequate edible carrier scaffolds for satellite cells.
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Dolgin, Elie. "Sizzling interest in lab-grown meat belies lack of basic research." Nature 566, no. 7743 (February 2019): 161–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-00373-w.
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Dadon, Kotel. "Lab-grown meat: A modern challenge in food production from the Jewish aspect." Ekonomski izazovi 11, no. 22 (2022): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ekoizazov2222046d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The modern food industry is increasingly using the tools of genetic engineering in the production and sale of food products. One of the most important recent technological innovations is lab-grown meat (or "synthetic" meat). The lab-grown meat industry is based on the genetic duplication of animal cells under laboratory conditions in order to attempt to produce a product with the nutritional and culinary value of animal meat. Some predict that this industry will play an important role in the human diet of the future. The beginning of this process is based on cells taken from live animals. In recent years, new methods of laboratory meat production based on non-meat cells have begun to develop. For example, in one of them, the cells are taken from a pre-embryo found in a fertilized egg (blastula). Otherwise, the cells are taken from a pre-embryo taken from a cow (blastocyst). This topic raises various questions and many challenges in the fields of health, ecology, ethics and, of course, religion. How should we treat such meat? Is meat produced in a laboratory kosher? Is it Halal? Is the product meaty or synthetic? Do the initial stem cells determine the definition of the final product, and, further on, what is the status of such a product when it is produced from pig stem cells? On the ethical level, a general question is posed on the subject of genetic engineering. Is it permissible to intervene so blatantly in the nature that God created? This article will focus on the various challenges that this industry raises from the Jewish ethical and kashrut aspects, and address some questions.
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Van Loo, Ellen J., Vincenzina Caputo, and Jayson L. Lusk. "Consumer preferences for farm-raised meat, lab-grown meat, and plant-based meat alternatives: Does information or brand matter?" Food Policy 95 (August 2020): 101931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodpol.2020.101931.
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Le Page, Michael. "Insects and lab-grown meat could reduce food emissions by 80 per cent." New Scientist 254, no. 3384 (April 2022): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(22)00731-x.
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Hunter, WhiteFeather. "Mooncalf: ‘Unclean meat’." Technoetic Arts 18, no. 2-3 (October 1, 2020): 205–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/tear_00039_1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The calamitous warnings of climate science have been latched onto by a growing roster of biotech start-up companies who propose to invent lab-generated meat alternatives to the ecologically disastrous livestock industry. They use solutionist hype to promote ‘sustainable’, ‘eco-friendly’, ‘cruelty-free’, ‘clean meat’. This moralized marketing, however, masks a continued reliance on animal agriculture. The fact remains that mammalian cells and tissues are grown in vitro using foetal calf serum, a blood-derived nutrient. Is it really possible to grow meat without banking on the bodies of nonhuman others? Might there be more tasteful material? In Bioart Kitchen: Art, Feminism and Technoscience, Lindsay Kelley asks, ‘[h]ow do technologies taste?’ This article proposes one answer to her prompt, centred on a technofeminist contextualization of the research-creation project, Mooncalf (2019–present). Mooncalf is a series of wet lab experiments and artistic outputs that showcase the potential viability of human menstrual serum for culturing mammalian tissue. These experiments present a direct provocation that problematizes the cellular agriculture industry as it pertains to the production of ‘clean meat’ and instead works towards a proof-of-concept ‘unclean’ meat prototype. Mooncalf is a symbolic precursor or speculative promise meant to facilitate a ‘cultural taste’ for feminist biotechnologies.
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Castle, Nora. "In Vitro Meat and Science Fiction." Extrapolation: Volume 63, Issue 2 63, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 149–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/extr.2022.11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article argues that the in vitro (i.e., lab-grown) meat boom can be better understood by framing it within sf studies, both historically and especially through to the contemporary moment. Not only does in vitro meat (IVM) have a long history of representation in sf, it is also framed in the public and corporate spheres through the use of sf tropes. The article offers close readings of IVM in Margaret Atwood’s Oryx and Crake (2003), Elizabeth Dougherty’s The Blind Pig (2010), and director Brandon Cronenberg’s Antiviral (2012), arguing that reading IVM in contemporary sf is a particularly effective method of thinking through its material effects.
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Mouat, Michael J., Russell Prince, and Michael M. Roche. "Making Value Out of Ethics: The Emerging Economic Geography of Lab-grown Meat and Other Animal-free Food Products." Economic Geography 95, no. 2 (October 9, 2018): 136–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00130095.2018.1508994.
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Leth-Espensen, Pernille. "Kunst og cellekultur." Periskop – Forum for kunsthistorisk debat, no. 22 (November 25, 2019): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/periskop.v2019i22.121149.
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This article discusses a range of artworks made by the artist group The Tissue Culture & Art Project, artworks that literally grow, as they are created with living cells. It is argued that the artworks address growth from different perspectives. They address the preconditions for growth of cells in vitro; they address how negative or monstrous growth in one context may be positive in another and vice versa; and, finally, the artworks problematise lab-grown meat as a solution to ethical issues and climate problems caused by economic growth.
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Chong, Mark, Angela K. y. Leung, and Verity Lua. "A cross-country investigation of social image motivation and acceptance of lab-grown meat in Singapore and the United States." Appetite 173 (June 2022): 105990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.105990.
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Ogawa, Minami, Jaime Moreno García, Nitin Nitin, Keith Baar, and David E. Block. "Assessing Edible Filamentous Fungal Carriers as Cell Supports for Growth of Yeast and Cultivated Meat." Foods 11, no. 19 (October 9, 2022): 3142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11193142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The growth and activity of adherent cells can be enabled or enhanced through attachment to a solid surface. For food and beverage production processes, these solid supports should be food-grade, low-cost, and biocompatible with the cell of interest. Solid supports that are edible can be a part of the final product, thus simplifying downstream operations in the production of fermented beverages and lab grown meat. We provide proof of concept that edible filamentous fungal pellets can function as a solid support by assessing the attachment and growth of two model cell types: yeast, and myoblast cells. The filamentous fungus Aspergillus oryzae was cultured to produce pellets with 0.9 mm diameter. These fugal pellets were inactivated by heat or chemical methods and characterized physicochemically. Chemically inactivated pellets had the lowest dry mass and were the most hydrophobic. Scanning electron microscope images showed that both yeast and myoblast cells naturally adhered to the fungal pellets. Over 48 h of incubation, immobilized yeast increased five-fold on active pellets and six-fold on heat-inactivated pellets. Myoblast cells proliferated best on heat-treated pellets, where viable cell activity increased almost two-fold, whereas on chemically inactivated pellets myoblasts did not increase in the cell mass. These results support the use of filamentous fungi as a novel cell immobilization biomaterial for food technology applications.
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Gertenbach, Lars, Jörn Lamla, and Stefan Laser. "Eating ourselves out of industrial excess? Degrowth, multi-species conviviality and the micro-politics of cultured meat." Anthropological Theory 21, no. 3 (February 3, 2021): 386–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1463499620981544.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To address the relationship between the crises of capitalist growth and democratic politics, this paper discusses the notions of degrowth and conviviality. Both concepts are often interpreted as making similar proposals in response to questions of environmental transformation. However, they bear on different strands of critique. While degrowth criticizes the momentum of capitalist accumulation, conviviality originates in the search for alternatives to the instrumental use of technologies in industrial societies. Although these two rationalities predominantly go hand in hand in the development of modern societies, they are sometimes in conflict and different strategies are required to deal with their consequences. Therefore, the differences between degrowth and conviviality should not be obscured. Instead of using the concepts in an ethical or moral fashion as normative claims directed at some diffuse agency of states, companies and the people, the paper argues for a thorough examination of issues and propositions to overcome the environmental crisis from the perspective of materialist science and technology studies. Since one key factor here is the level of global production and consumption of meat, this paper turns toward a controversial attempt to break new ground in meat production: the vision of artificially producing meat in the laboratory. Lab-grown, cultured meat provides a powerful case study for exploring political and democratic challenges of post-growth societies, all the more so as questions of animal welfare and interspecies conviviality are addressed as well. By taking a closer look at the role of animals in proposed solutions for degrowth and conviviality in meat production and consumption, the complementarity of such claims can be questioned, and a light can be shed on the inherent political implications of such technological innovations.
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Goudarzi, Sara. "Re-Engineering What We Eat." Mechanical Engineering 138, no. 07 (July 1, 2016): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2016-jul-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article explores the need and ways to re-engineer plants and animals to provide a growing population with enough to eat. Some researchers have taken beef production inside the walls of a laboratory. One area that researchers are still working on with lab-grown meat is the taste—a complex combination of proteins, glycosylated proteins, and other compounds in the fat. Other researchers suggest the best way to produce animals and plants faster while using fewer resources is to embrace genetically modified and genetically edited foods. Researchers also are currently working on incorporating infrared cookers that cook the food as it prints, which would give users very precise control over the process. While countertop food printers may take the home cook one step further from the farm, it could also have some unexpected environmental benefits. Whether through tinkering with genes, growing foods in laboratories, or preparing them through printers or robots, technologies revolving around food are undergoing rapid research and development.
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Poshadri, A., Deshpande H. W, Khodke U. M, and Katke S.D. "Bacillus Coagulans and its Spore as Potential Probiotics in the Production of Novel Shelf- Stable Foods." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 10, no. 3 (December 20, 2022): 858–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.10.3.4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The synbiotic foods with therapeutic activities have been beneficial to gut health and immunity development, including Bacillus coagulans as the probiotic microorganism. It is preferred over other lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as it can produce spores. It is grown in the pH range of 5.5 to 6.2 and releases spores at 37 °C. These microbial spores can withstand environments with high temperatures, acidic conditions, and salinity, making it a viable probiotic organism for production of novel shelf-stable foods. It has become an essential ingredient in the functional food industry due to its probiotic characteristics and great resistance to stressful conditions. For extensive commercial use and a wide range of food applications, apart from probiotic characteristics, a probiotic organism must be cost-effective, convenient and remain viable throughout the processing, storage and consumption. The non-spore- forming lactic acid bacteria can be utilized to make probiotic products and fermented dairy products under controlled processing and storage conditions. The spore- forming probiotic organism can be delivered into the human gut through novel food products derived from cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables, confectionery products, and meat and non-dairy products. This has led to the development of convenient and shelf-stable non-dairy probiotics. These non-dairy-based probiotics are cheaper, resilient against various processing conditions, high in bioactive components, and can mitigate the risk of lifestyle diseases and reduce. Further, lactose intolerance is associated with the consumption of dairy probiotics. Therefore, this review aimed to assess the utilization of probiotic Bacillus coagulans spores in emerging shelf-stable novel non-dairy products with probiotic potential.
20
Leroy, Frédéric. "535 Rethinking Grand Challenges within Sustainable Animal Production." Journal of Animal Science 99, Supplement_3 (October 8, 2021): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skab235.132.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Dietary policies are rapidly evolving, as the urgencies related to public health and sustainability of the food system are becoming more tangible and menacing. Increasingly, such policies bring up the need for a protein transition. This implies that society should consume less “animal protein,” while the protein gap should be filled with legumes and nuts, a series of so-called “plant-based alternatives” (i.e., imitations of animal source foods), bioreactor foods (e.g., lab-grown meat), and other sources of protein (e.g., algae and insects). The risk of such an approach, when taken too far, is that it tends to generate a simplistic categorization of the food system, whereby animal source foods (red meat in particular) are seen as intrinsically harmful and the non-animal replacements as mostly beneficial. This division is further fuelled by societal dynamics that are generated by vested interests, ideologies, societal anxieties, virtue signalling, white-hat bias, and scapegoating. Although there are obviously clear challenges that need to be urgently addressed within the livestock sector (as for most other parts of the food system, including various types of crop agriculture), we should not be blinded by such an irrational binary division. Moreover, the proposed solutions would come with their own issues (water-intensive crops with high chemical inputs, ultra-processed imitation foods, the negative effects of pasture land conversion on biodiversity and carbon deposits, concerns related to food security and food sovereignty, etc.) Instead, production and consumption practices need to be carefully evaluated based on a holistic assessment, and not through the myopic use of reductionist metrics that can easily be manipulated to reify preconceived points of view. The problems at hand are multidimensional, requiring proper contextualization. From a nutritional point of view, for instance, protein comes with substantial variability related to digestibility and amino acid profiles. Also, animal source foods offer much more than “protein” alone, including several key micronutrients and bio-active compounds that are often more difficult to obtain from plants. Within the area of sustainability, the entire climate change discussion would also benefit from a more inclusive assessment, thereby avoiding all-too static interpretations (ignoring the role of progress and technological development), negligence of true nutritional value when comparing very different foods (e.g., when using such metrics as CO2-eq/kg or CO2-eq/kcal), the use of global aggregates for local discussions, simplification of global warming kinetics (cf., the GWP100 vs. GWP* debate), and so forth. Taken together, Grand Challenges should aim primordially at the achievement of adequate essential nutrition within specific dietary contexts that need to be more broadly assessed (also including lifestyle, cardiometabolic health status, culture, food preferences, purchase power, etc.) and that should be generated within the constraints of a sustainable agricultural operating space. Some red lines may indeed need to be drawn by policy makers (e.g., halting of deforestation or water pollution), whereas some other practices may need to be optimized (veterinary care, nutrient cycles, emissions, etc.) or promoted (carbon sequestration, improvement of soil health and biodiversity, etc.), but it would be a fatal mistake to consider animal agriculture as a monolithic entity that needs to be severely restricted or even dismantled. Taking livestock out of the equation would undermine our only hope on a healthy and sustainable food system. They are essential for the upcycling of otherwise inedible materials (forage, waste and side streams, etc.) into the high-quality foods that are needed to combat malnutrition globally, the valorisation of marginal lands that are otherwise unproductive, the sequestration of carbon and the (re)generation of soil health, the provision of crucial ecosystem services and landscape management, the generation of livelihoods, and the (all-too often underestimated) treasuring of our various cultural legacies. Instead, an improved integration of animal and crop agriculture should be central in any Grand Challenge. This should be done based on the best available science, but also by being prudent about the potential black swans further down the road. Complex systems always kick back in unpredictable manners, especially if they are radically altered through hurried top-down approaches.
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Astuti, Dewi Apri, and Komang Gede Wiryawan. "Black soldier fly as feed ingredient for ruminants." Animal Bioscience 35, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 356–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5713/ab.21.0460.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is a review of some experiments using black soldier fly (BSF) and its by-product to explore their nutritional value, production potential in Indonesia and its application in the ration of ruminants. Evaluation on the effect of milk replacer, creep feed containing BSF, BSF frass and the possibility to use lactic acid bacteria from BSF as probiotics are presented. Utilization of BSF larvae in milk replacer as skim and cream milk substitute showed that there were similarity on physiological, hematological status and performance of goat kids compared to those offered goat milk or commercial milk replacer. In addition, BSF larvae can be used to substitute soybean meal in the creep feed for post weaning goat kids without any differences in weight gain and blood profiles. However, utilization of BSF frass in the fattening goat ration resulted lower digestibility of dry matter and organic matter due to the chitin content in the frass. Black soldier fly larvae grown on chicken manure harbour lactic acid bacteria (LAB) which have potential as probiotics for ruminants. In general, BSF larvae has potential as ingredient for milk replacer, creep feed, fattening ration, and source of LAB for probiotics.
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Eric Wiseman, P., Kristen H. Colvin, and Christina E. Wells. "Performance of Mycorrhizal Products Marketed for Woody Landscape Plants." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 27, no. 1 (March 1, 2009): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-27.1.41.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Commercial products containing propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are widely marketed to improve woody plant performance in the landscape. However, the infectivity of these products has rarely been subjected to independent testing. We evaluated commercial AMF inoculants in a series of greenhouse experiments using corn (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), trident maple (Acer buergerianum), and sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) as host plants. In corn and sorghum, colonization rarely exceeded 5% when plants were treated with commercial inoculants. In contrast, viable lab-cultured inoculant of similar species composition yielded mean colonization percentages of 38 to 61%. Despite the near absence of colonization, commercial inoculants generally improved shoot growth and increased soil nutrient concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. Commercial inoculants had no effect on mycorrhizal colonization or shoot growth of trident maple or sweetbay magnolia liners. Product-treated magnolias grown from seed also developed little or no mycorrhizal colonization, whereas plants treated with a lab-cultured inoculant were 74% colonized. If commercial AMF inoculants are to receive broad acceptance as landscape soil amendments, manufacturers must demonstrate that their products can promote mycorrhizal colonization under the conditions of their intended distribution and use.
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Enriquez, Juan. "Right/Wrong: How Technology Transforms Our Ethics." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, no. 2 (June 2021): 124–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf6-21enriquez.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
RIGHT/WRONG: How Technology Transforms Our Ethics by Juan Enríquez. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2020. 304 pages. Hardcover; $24.95. ISBN: 9780262044424. *Right/Wrong: How Technology Transforms Our Ethics made me angry, made me think, made me research, made me discuss, made me agree, made me disagree ... and it turns out that is what the author was hoping for. His goal was to get people interested in ethics again. His point was that "technology provides alternatives that can fundamentally alter our notion of what is right and what is wrong." Ethics, he believes, often do (and should) evolve, and technology is increasingly becoming the catalyst for this evolution. He states that this book is not the classic "scholarly" book that provides answers, but one that he hopes will incite debate and provoke questions regarding the status quo. *As a computer scientist, I expected "technology" to be digital technology, but Enríquez uses a broader, and probably more proper, definition. Though he doesn't provide a formal definition, it appears to be something like "applied scientific knowledge." His definition of technology encompasses birth control, medications, gene editing, machines from the industrial revolution, and lab-grown beef, among other examples. *Enríquez begins the book with examples of what he means by technology influencing what we see as ethical. One example is the advent of birth control. The use of birth control afforded women more opportunities in education and career development. This, in turn, allowed them more financial independence which lessened their need to stay in abusive marriages. Even without the aspect of divorce, today many would look back and see the lack of education and career opportunities for women as unethical treatment. Birth control allowed for and encouraged more-ethical treatment of women. *Enríquez also looks to the future with the more contemporary example of gene editing. Many people today are appalled at the idea of editing a baby's DNA, even with the intent of preventing future diseases. They see it as unethical. Could it be that in the future our kids and grandkids will be appalled at how unethical we were for not editing their genes to avoid the cancer that they now face? *A third example of technology influencing our ethics is related to meat production. Currently, almost all of the meat we consume is a result of raising and slaughtering animals. Present-day technologies, however, allow for lab-grown beef. When this product becomes more affordable and perhaps the norm, will future generations regard us as unethical for the "cruelty-ridden" steaks and burgers that we consumed? *Throughout the book, Enríquez addresses controversial issues, including the educational system, mass incarceration, drug legalization, mental health, climate change, and warfare. There are plenty of topics to use as conversation starters. Unlike other books that help us to see the potential ethical dangers of technology, Enriquez focuses on the ways that technology enables us to become more ethical--if we are willing to adapt. *I love the passion that Enríquez brings to the discussion. He believes that technology without ethics is a recipe for disaster, and he wants people to pay more attention to what is right and wrong. He wants us to be open to re-evaluating what we believe to be right actions if we are given new information or possibilities through technology. At the same time, he wants us to be humble, recognizing that it can be hard to decipher right from wrong in new situations and that it can take time for a society to make the changes necessary to produce more-ethical actions. Hindsight is often 20/20, and people that went before us--even if decent people--made mistakes. We will also make mistakes. Furthermore, there are deterrents to making changes: inconvenience, shame, loss of status, and other costs. He wants to encourage us to be aware, kind, civil, and open when we are considering what is right and wrong given new technology. To all of this, I heartily agree. *In keeping with the author's hopes (that the book would also cause us to disagree, but discuss), I also wanted to mention a few things from the book which troubled me. As previously noted, he tells us that this is not a scholarly book, one meant to prescribe or give answers. Yet, he states that the current healthcare system is unethical, the cost of college is unethical, it is unethical to restrict gay marriage, and the ethical thing to do with autonomous cars is to make them available as soon as they can save more lives than with our current system. Agree or disagree with his conclusions, he is prescribing. He does provide plenty of "answers" throughout the book. *In chapter 3, Enríquez addresses those who would absolutely claim to know right from wrong. One of his main areas of focus is religion. He speaks specifically to people of faith who claim to know right from wrong because they know God's word. He then attempts to show how religious principles too have evolved. He declares, "The religions that survive long-term tend to evolve." Of interest to Christians, he states that "the Bible, the word of God, and hence Christian ethics, has evolved, or been reinterpreted, since the good old days of the Old Testament." He cites examples in which Christian ethics have changed over time. Interpretations of passages in the Bible have altered as our society has changed, and as technology has allowed us to communicate more broadly. He cites how Pope Francis has revised how he speaks about various issues. Agree or disagree, these are interesting topics for research and reflection. *But in his zeal to make his point, Enríquez makes certain statements (e.g., "None of the Gospels were written while Jesus was alive, and none by someone who actually met him") that I don't believe would be accepted by mainstream Christians. Yes, the Gospels were not written when Jesus was on Earth, but it appears that most Christian scholars believe, for example, that the Apostle John wrote the book of John. (Although Enríquez does admit in the references that his citation supporting this statement is from a rather controversial book.) *Finally, the author is trying hard to make this ethics book interesting, far from one of those stodgy, dry ethics theory books "that alienate the general reader" (his words). He accomplishes that, but some help from ethicists could be very beneficial. Very early in the book Enríquez states, "Because we never thought we could come close to doing what we take for granted today, we have no framework to deal with changing ethical norms." The truth is, ethicists have several frameworks available, and Enríquez even uses or suggests a couple of them--perhaps without knowing it. *Near the end of the book, he admonishes the reader to "bring front and center several core principles: modesty, generosity, empathy, civility, humility, compassion, decency, truthfulness ... That is what underlies what we eventually discover to be ethical" (p. 221). This essentially describes what is known as a virtue-ethics framework. Those "core principles" he mentioned are virtues. The virtue-ethics framework simply asks: what would a virtuous person (someone who is compassionate, generous ...) do in this new situation? The second framework is utilitarianism, which asks the question: What would produce the best outcome for the most people? He applies this approach to the authorization of autonomous vehicles and to the discussion of which types of healthcare developments should be prioritized. Both frameworks can be helpful tools for informing tough ethical decisions. *Enríquez brings a wealth of interesting scenarios to this discussion of the future of ethics because of his life experience and work in cutting-edge science. I truly appreciate his desire to write a book that will hold our attention and that is far from a dry textbook on ethics. But the work of those who think about these ideas every day ought to inform the discussion. In glancing through the references, I found only two of hundreds of references that looked to me to be directly related to ethics research. In writing about computer ethics as someone trained in computer science, I have certainly found the literature from those trained in ethics to be enlightening. *This book is an interesting read for those thinking about right and wrong, and this includes people who might not normally be inclined to do so. It can help us realize that we need to re-evaluate frequently and be willing to listen to other points of view with humility. But there is very little information on how to make those tough ethical decisions that we will be continually asked to make. For that, the reader will need to look to other resources. *Reviewed by Lori Carter, Professor of Computer Science, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, CA 92106.
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Pickworth, Carrie L., and Madison Adams. "73 Successful Development and Transition to a Hybrid Livestock Science Camp Experience." Journal of Animal Science 100, Supplement_1 (March 8, 2022): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skac028.088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The ongoing pandemic has created a need to pivot many face-to-face programs into virtual and hybrid formats. In 2017, NC State created a week-long, immersive residential Livestock Science Camp for high school aged youth. The 2020 rapid transition to all-virtual programming reduced participation in half (36 down to 18) due to lack of perceived kinesthetic learning opportunities and direct engagement with animals. The objective herein is to describe the development and implementation of the Hybrid Livestock Science Camp Experience. The hybrid format and a scholarship program yielded diverse participation (38 in 2021). The camp included four, 5-hour days of live virtual experiential learning, a resource website, and in person workshop. Virtual programming included tours by industry leaders; at-home lab activities; interactive lab experiences, educational lectures; and collaborative reflection in break-out rooms. Following the virtual programming, campers were divided into two cohorts to attend an action filled, hands-on animal workshop for engagement with six livestock rotations. The hybrid format increased camper diversity (race, economic status, first generation college seeking, and urban youth). Campers completed a post-event survey that collected feedback on the programming and impact of camp on future goals. The results of the surveys conveyed that virtual programming was engaging and educational (mean= 4.6/5.0) and that break-out reflections are valued (mean = 4.3/5.0) meanwhile the live workshop was rated superior (mean 5.0/5.0). Additionally, over 85% of virtual Livestock Science Campers increased interest in participating in-person programming, attending college in Animal Science, and pursuing a career in a livestock industry. As one participant reflected… “My love for livestock animals has only grown in the aftermath of this camp!” Overall, a hybrid camp can be transformational in youth knowledge and perception of the livestock industries if experiences are interactive, relevant, and novel.
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Bava, Luciana, Costanza Jucker, Giulia Gislon, Daniela Lupi, Sara Savoldelli, Maddalena Zucali, and Stefania Colombini. "Rearing of Hermetia Illucens on Different Organic By-Products: Influence on Growth, Waste Reduction, and Environmental Impact." Animals 9, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9060289.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of the study was to evaluate the use of three by-products as growing substrates for Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly (BSF)) larvae: okara, maize distiller, brewer’s grains, and a control hen diet. The study focused on larval growth and bioconversion performance, production of methane by larvae and environmental burden of larvae production, using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) on a lab scale. Chemical composition of substrates differed: okara had the highest crude protein and ether extract contents, while brewer’s grains showed the highest fiber content. Larvae fed on a hen diet and maize distiller exhibited the highest final weights (2.29 and 1.97 g, respectively). Larvae grown on okara showed the highest indexes for waste reduction and efficiency of conversion of the ingested feed. The BSF larvae did not produce any detectable traces of CH4. LCA evaluation showed that larvae production on a hen diet resulted in the most impact for most of environmental categories, for the inclusion of soybean meal in the diet (for climate change, 5.79 kg CO2 eq/kg dry larvae). Feed production activities resulted in the main contributions to environmental impact. In order to compare the larvae production obtained on all substrates, an environmental impact was attributed to okara and brewer’s grain through a substitution method, and, by this approach, the best sustainable product resulted from the larvae grown on the maize distiller.
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Aftab, Faheem, Katayoun Mansouri, and John E. Preece. "(172) The Influence of Environment, Media, and Zerotol on Forcing and In Vitro Establishment of Softwood Shoots from Large Stem Segments of Acer saccharinum and Fraxinus pennsylvanica." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1001D—1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1001d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of this research were to study the effects of three environments (lab, mist, or fog), four media treatments [perlite, vermiculte, 1 perlite: 1 vermiculite (by volume), or a control (empty flats)] and zerotol treatments on shoot forcing and subsequent transfer of explants to in vitro conditions. Stem segments from field-grown trees were cut to 40-cm lengths before being placed in flats with the media treatments. Half of the flats under mist and fog were drenched weekly with zerotol (0.18% H2O2). In a separate study, silver maple was forced under mist and drenched weekly with zerotol at 0%, 0.09%, 0.108%, 0.135%, 0.18%, 0.27%, or 0.54% H2O2. Shoots (≥5 cm) were harvested and nodal and shoot tip explants were surface disinfested and placed in vitro on DKW medium with 10-8 M thidiazuron plus 1.0 μM indolebutyric acid. Species did not interact with environment, media, or zerotol treatment, and silver maple produced a mean of 6 shoots per stem segment, while green ash produced a mean of 1.2 shoots. There was a significant interaction among perlite, vermiculite and environment, with the most shoots (6.7/stem segment) produced under mist in the perlite: vermiculite mix. Silver maple explants from the lab had only 4% microbial contamination, whereas 68% of explants from fog and 92.2% of explants from mist were contaminated. When forcing was under fog, in perlite, and drenched with zerotol, explants had a 43% rate of contamination. In a separate study, when silver maple stems were placed under mist and drenched weekly with 0.18% H2O2, 46% (18 of 39 explants) established cleanly in vitro. Contamination was higher with misted explants that were drenched with higher or lower concentrations of zerotol.
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Alderman, S. C., W. F. Pfender, R. E. Welty, M. E. Mellbye, R. L. Cook, J. W. Spatafora, and M. Putnam. "First Report of Choke, Caused by Epichloe typhina, on Orchardgrass in Oregon." Plant Disease 81, no. 11 (November 1997): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.11.1335a.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
During July 1997, Epichloe typhina (Pers.:Fr.) Tul. in Tul. & C. Tul., the cause of choke disease, was found in four fields of an unnamed, experimental cultivar of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) grown for seed near Halsey, OR. Disease occurrence in each of three fields was estimated by counting choked tillers in about 50 quadrats, 1 × 0.3 m, taken at 30-m intervals along three or four diagonal transects. In two fields, the disease was present in most quadrats (3% tillers infected). In the third field, choke was clustered in two areas, each with 1 to 8% infected tillers. A collection of E. typhina was deposited at the Oregon State University Mycological Herbarium (accession number 56,395). The disease had not been previously observed in commercial cultivars grown for seed in Oregon, with the exception of an infected tiller collected from an orchard-grass seed field during 1996. This is the first report of choke in Oregon on orchardgrass. Choke is an important disease in France, where it reduces seed yields of orchardgrass. Ten Oregon cultivars of orchardgrass were evaluated under field conditions in France in 1993 and 1994 for susceptibility to E. typhina. All cultivars were found susceptible to the disease; incidence of infected tillers ranged from 4 to 11%, with a mean of 7% (G. Sicard and R. E. Welty, unpublished). During 1996, several fragments of stroma of E. typhina were found among seed from a seed lot submitted to the Oregon State University Seed Lab for purity testing. This indicates that stroma may occur as a contaminant with seed, although it is not known if E. typhina would survive with the seed. E. typhina has not been reported to be seed-borne in orchardgrass.
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Bhusal, K., and D. Khanal. "Role of Maize Weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. on Spread of Aspergillus section flavi in Different Nepalese Maize Varieties." Advances in Agriculture 2019 (April 16, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7584056.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Experiments were conducted to find out the role of maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motsch. on spread of green fungus, Aspergillus section flavi, in different varieties of stored maize in laboratory in 2016. Lab experiment was conducted to find the role of weevil on spread of A. flavus on five main varieties of maize grown at Nepal in split plot design, namely, Arun-2, Arun-4, Manakamana-1, Manakamana-3, and Rampur composite with three replications at NAST, Khumaltar, from August to September 2016. One hundred grams of each maize variety was exposed to weevil along with fungus and with fungus only to see the spread of the fungus under presence and absence of weevil. Among the tested five maize varieties, the lowest infestation was observed on Rampur Composite (14.99%) while it was the highest on Manakamana-3 (87.70%). The highest mean infestation (75.58%) was found under weevil released condition while it was lower (62.16%) under nonreleased condition. In presence of weevil, the infestation of the fungus increased and in their absence the infestation was low which signifies the role of weevil in fungal spread. All indices indicate that Rampur composite is the best variety among the five tested varieties in terms of storage under the presence of fungus and weevils. This study also indicates ample scope for further study on different varieties of maize under several storage conditions.
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Chinna Meyyappan, Arthi, Evan Forth, and Roumen Milev. "Microbial Ecosystem Therapeutic-2 Intervention in People With Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Phase 1, Open-Label Study." Interactive Journal of Medical Research 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): e32234. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/32234.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background Recent studies have investigated the potential of treatments that modify the gut microbiome, such as fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, in individuals with psychiatric illnesses. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a novel gut microbiome therapeutic, Microbial Ecosystem Therapuetic-2 (MET-2), in people with depression and anxiety. Methods In this phase 1, open-label trial, 12 adults diagnosed with major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, or both were recruited. Over 8 weeks, participants consumed three capsules per day, orally, of an encapsulated microbial therapeutic (MET-2), which contained 40 strains of bacteria that were purified and lab-grown from the stool of a single healthy donor. Participants were assessed biweekly using clinical scales and questionnaires in order to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and tolerability of the therapeutic. Results The therapeutic was found to be generally safe and tolerable, with limited adverse events and side effects and no serious adverse events. Of the 12 individuals included in this study, 9 (75%) responded to treatment (50% improvement in Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale [MADRS] scores, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale [GAD-7] scores, or both, from baseline to the week-8 visit). Over the course of 10 weeks, MET-2 significantly decreased mean MADRS and GAD-7 scores (MADRS: F2.731, 30.05=8.784, P<.001; GAD-7: F2.778, 30.55= 9.638, P<.001). Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni adjustments showed a significant reduction in MADRS scores from baseline (mean 19.00, SD 4.843) to week 6 (mean 11.25, SD 8.001; P=.009), week 8 (mean 8.667, SD 8.732; P=.002), and week 10 (mean 8.250, SD 9.304; P=.006). Multiple comparisons showed a significant reduction in GAD-7 scores from baseline (mean 13.58, SD 4.010) to week 4 (mean 9.167, SD 5.096; P=.03), week 6 (mean 7.667, SD 4.539; P=.004), week 8 (mean 7.333, SD 6.583; P=.03), and week 10 (mean 7.500, SD 6.448; P=.03). Conclusions The findings from this study are the first to provide evidence for the role of microbial ecosystem therapy in treating depression and anxiety. However, a double-blind, randomized controlled trial with a larger sample size is needed for more conclusive results. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04052451; https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04052451 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/17223
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Edmé, Serge J., Nathan A. Palmer, Gautam Sarath, Anthony A. Muhle, Rob Mitchell, and Gary Yuen. "Genetic Resistance of Switchgrass to Rust Evaluated in a Composite Upland × Lowland Population in Lab and Field Settings." Agronomy 12, no. 12 (December 10, 2022): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Maintaining low levels of rust incidence (caused by Puccinia novopanici) in switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) breeding populations is a priority for the USDA-ARS program engaged in improving cultivars for high biomass yield and quality. Essential to this goal is the unbiased and accurate estimation of genetic parameters to predict the merits of parents and progeny. Spores of the fungus were inoculated in greenhouse-grown seedling progeny of 31 half-sib families in generation 2 (Gen 2) of a composite Summer × Kanlow population for evaluation of rust incidence on the leaves with a 0–9 rating scale. Two parents were later chosen to cross and develop a linkage mapping population as Gen 3. The Gen 2, 3, and Kanlow seedlings were transplanted into the field located near Mead, NE, in early June 2020 and laid out as a replicated row–column design with six blocks of single-row plots of five plants each. The field trial was rated in September 2021 and 2022 with a 0–4 scale. Lab and field data were subjected to univariate linear mixed models via the restricted maximum likelihood to extract the variance components needed to predict the breeding values. The additive genetic variation was substantial (p < 0.01), enough to result in high heritability estimates ranging from 0.42 ± 14 to 0.73 ± 0.09 at the individual and family mean levels. This result implies that rust resistance is under strong genetic control to use mass selection for obtaining satisfactory gains. A possible rust incidence x year interaction was detected with a Spearman correlation of breeding values of −0.38, caused by significant rank changes of the Gen 3 genotypes in 2022 (a high heat and drought year). Genetic gains were predicted to reduce rust incidence scores by at least two points on the rating scale when selecting backwards, and by one point when selecting individual candidates as parents of the next generation. Faster gains (31 and 59%) were realized relative to the second generation by respectively selecting the top 10% of the families in Gen 3 or the top 10% of genotypes within this group. Based on these results, strategies for controlling the incidence of rust will be developed to optimize gains in the other traits of economic importance.
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Efimenko, S. G., and S. K. Efimenko. "Rapid assessment of oil and moisture content in seeds of oil flax using IR spectrometry." Oil Crops 3, no. 183 (November 30, 2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/2412-608x-2020-3-183-63-70.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We used near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) to assess biochemical parameters in whole oil flax seeds, regardless of differences in seed coat color of the samples. At the first stage of work, the set the task to develop calibration models for the MATRIX-I IR analyzer to determine the oil and moisture content in flax seeds. The carried out the research in the laboratory of biochemistry on brown and yellow seed samples of oil flax, grown in 2015-2020 in various agro-ecological conditions of the Russian Federation. We determined the oil content on an AMV 1006M NMR analyzer in accordance with the GOST 8.597- 2010 measurement procedure; we assessed the moisture content by the standard method of GOST 10856- 96. We used the results of determination of the oil and moisture content of the seeds of test lot in accordance with the accuracy indicator of the calibration of GOST 32749-2014 to verify the reliability of the developed models. We received the best indicators of the quality of calibration models (root-mean-square prediction error, coefficient of determination and the value of the residual deviation of prediction for the rank displayed on the graph) by determining the oil content (RMSEP = 0.27 %, R2 = 99.2 and RPD = 11.2) and moisture content (RMSEP = 0.06 %, R2 = 99.9 and RPD = 39). In the OPUS LAB program we developed the “Flax 51” method for mass analysis based on the developed calibration models for the determination of oil and moisture content in whole oil flax seeds (9-20 g) in a sample cell with a diameter of 51 mm. It enables the quick carrying out a preliminary assessment of the breeding material at a high speed – more than 120 samples in 7 hours without seed destruction.
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Ojha, Maitreyi, Ashish Pradhan, Sudip Dutta, and Anamika Jaiswal. "Use of umbilical cord blood culture in the diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis among high risk mothers." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 12, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v12i12.39724.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) is one of the important causes of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Its early diagnosis and prompt treatment is essential and any delay in the diagnosis can have serious consequences including neonatal death. Blood culture is the gold standard test for diagnosis of neonatal sepsis. Umbilical cord blood culture (UCBC) is a painless procedure and technically less challenging. We conducted this study to evaluate use of UCBC for the diagnosis of EONS and compared it with the results of peripheral venous blood culture (PVBC) reports. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate UCBC for the diagnosis of EONS and compared it with the results of PVBC reports. Materials and Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective cohort study consisting of 100 neonates who were at risk of EONS. The study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics Sikkim Manipal Institute of Medical Sciences Gangtok between January 2018 and December 2019. Neonates found to be at risk of development of EONS were included in this study on the basis of a predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Immediately after birth blood samples were collected from both umbilical cord and peripheral vein and were sent to bacteriology lab. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of both the samples were analyzed. Results: Out of 100 neonates in 32 (32%) EONS could be confirmed with positive sepsis screening results and/or demonstration of organisms on blood culture. Among the 32 neonates with EONS, 17 were found to be premature. The mean gestational age of newborns with EONS was found to be 35.2 weeks. The umbilical blood culture was found to have sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 74.4%, respectively, whereas peripheral vein blood culture was found to have sensitivity and specificity of 77.7% and 72.5%, respectively. The most common organism grown in our study was Escherichia coli. Conclusion: UCBC is painless and technically less challenging method of blood sampling. It has been found to have a higher sensitivity as well specificity for the diagnosis of EONS as compared to peripheral venous blood sample.
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Can, C., H. Ozkilinc, A. Kahraman, and H. Ozkan. "First Report of Ascochyta rabiei Causing Ascochyta Blight of Cicer pinnatifidum." Plant Disease 91, no. 7 (July 2007): 908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-91-7-0908c.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In July 2005, small (2 to 5 mm), elongated, dark brown spots on the stems of Cicer pinnatifidum Jaub. & Spach. were observed on plants grown in the rocky hills of the Kahramanmaras Province. To understand this phenomenon, field trips to Kahramanmaras, Adiyaman, and Sanliurfa provinces were conducted in the summer of 2006. C. pinnatifidum plants exhibiting symptoms similar to Ascochyta rabiei (Pass.) Lab. were collected during May and June. The plants had flowers and pods with seeds at the time of collection. Ascochyta blight symptoms on stems were not extensive. None of the plants had leaf symptoms, but one plant had lesions on its pods. Twelve plants exhibiting Ascochyta blight symptoms were taken to the laboratory, and necrotic parts were used for isolation of the fungi on potato dextrose agar (PDA). After 3 to 5 days of culturing on PDA, characteristic beige-to-dark brown colony development of A. rabiei from explants was observed and five isolates from different locations were recovered. The fungal colony growth was slow and limited conidia formed on PDA. The isolates were also cultured on chickpea meal agar (CMA) and Czapek Dox Agar (CDA) media. Abundant conidia formation occurred only on CMA, 10 to 12 days after culturing. Conidia were one-celled similar to that of A. rabiei of chickpea and single-spore isolations were done. C. pinnatifidum and chickpea cv. Gokce (C. arietinum L.) were inoculated with spore suspensions of 5 × 105 spores per ml (2). Ten- to twelve-day-old seedlings were used for inoculation in the experiments. Brown-black lesions at the crown region on C. pinnatifidum seedlings were observed 9 to 10 days after inoculation, and characteristic Ascochyta blight symptoms on stems developed on chickpea cv. Gokce. The fungus was reisolated from the infected seedlings. For molecular characterization, mating type of the isolates was determined by PCR using A. rabiei specific Tail1, Com1, and Sp21 primers (1). A single band of Mat 1.2 specific 500- bp product was amplified by PCR from five of the A. rabiei isolates of C. pinnatifidum. This confirmed that the isolates from C. pinnatifidum are A. rabiei. References: (1) M. P. Barve et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 39:151, 2003. (2) M. S. A. Khan et al. Plant Pathol. 48:230, 1999.
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Koike, S. T., S. Rooney-Latham, and A. F. Wright. "First Report of Stem Blight of Blueberry in California Caused by Neofusicoccum parvum." Plant Disease 98, no. 9 (September 2014): 1280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-14-0325-pdn.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In July 2013 in coastal (Santa Barbara County) California, commercial plantings of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) developed symptoms of a previously undiagnosed disease. Symptoms consisted of reddening and wilting of foliage, with leaves and small twigs later drying up. The bark of diseased branches was discolored and sunken; removal of this bark revealed a brown discoloration of the underlying wood. Approximately 5% of the planting was affected. When placed on acidified potato dextrose agar (A-PDA), surface disinfested pieces of symptomatic wood consistently yielded one type of fungus. On A-PDA, isolates produced extensive white aerial mycelium that turned dark gray after 4 to 5 days and formed pycnidia after 21 days. Three single-spore isolates were grown on PDA for 21 days for morphological and molecular characterization. Conidia were hyaline, smooth, and ellipsoid with round apices and truncated bases. Conidia measured 13 to 20 × 5 to 7.5 μm (n = 50; mean 16.7 × 6.1 μm), with a length/width ratio of 2.73. After 25 days, conidia became biseptate with a darker middle cell. rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolates (GenBank KJ126847 to 49), amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4 (5), were 99% identical to the holotype isolate of Neofusicoccum parvum Pennycook and Samuels (3) by a BLAST query (GU251125). Partial sequences of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) gene (KJ126850 to 52), obtained using primers EF728Fa and EF986R (5), were 99% identical to N. parvum (GU251257). To demonstrate Koch's postulates, 14-day-old colonies of the three N. parvum isolates were grown on A-PDA. Using three blueberry cultivars (Abundance, Jewel, and Snowchaser), slits were cut beneath the epidermis of branches 1 cm diameter or less; one colonized agar plug (6 mm diameter) was placed into each cut and the epidermis was resealed with Parafilm. Ten inoculations (one inoculation per branch; two branches per plant) were made for each isolate and each cultivar; inoculated plants were maintained in a greenhouse. After 10 to 14 days, leaves on inoculated branches turned red and wilted, bark above and below the inoculation sites turned brown, and vascular tissue beneath the bark was also brown. After 21 days, diseased areas became sunken. N. parvum was recovered from all inoculated branches of all cultivars and matched the characteristics of the original isolates. Control branches, inoculated with sterile agar plugs, did not develop any symptoms and N. parvum was not isolated. This experiment was repeated with similar results. Many Botryosphaeriaceae species, including N. parvum, are associated with canker and dieback symptoms on blueberry worldwide (2). To our knowledge, this is the first documentation of stem blight caused by N. parvum on blueberry in CA. Blueberry is a rapidly expanding industry in the state, with 960 ha planted in 2005 increasing to 2,830 ha in 2012 (1). Drought stress predisposes plants to stem blight caused by Botryosphaeriacease species (4); therefore, expansion into arid areas of CA could increase the incidence and severity of N. parvum. References: (1) N. Amer. Blueberry Council. 2012 World Blueberry Acreage & Prod. Rept., 2013. (2) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., online publication, ARS, USDA. Retrieved February 5, 2014. (3) S. R Pennycook and G. J. Samuels. Mycotaxon 24:445, 1985. (4) W. A. Sinclair and H. H. Lyon. Diseases of Trees and Shrubs, Second Edition. Comstock Publ. Assoc. 2005. (5) B. Slippers et al. Mycologia 96:83, 2004.
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Mullen, J. M., A. K. Hagan, and D. K. Carey. "First Report of Phytophthora Blossom Blight of Chrysanthemum Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae." Plant Disease 85, no. 8 (August 2001): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2001.85.8.923b.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In October 2000, chrysanthemums (Dendranthema × grandiflorum) cv. Debonair exhibiting blossom blight were submitted to the Plant Diagnostic Lab at Auburn University by a commercial greenhouse where most of the potted plants of this cultivar were symptomatic. At a local retail outlet, approximately 95% of the plants of the same cultivar of chrysanthemum had a similar blossom blight. Blighted petals were examined microscopically, and nonpapillate, internally proliferating sporangia (40 to 45 μm in length), characteristic of some species of Phytophthora, were observed. A species of Phytophthora was isolated repeatedly on PARP selective medium (corn meal agar containing pimaricin, ampicillin, rifamycin, and pentachloronitrobenzene). Isolates recovered were grown on V8 juice agar, under fluorescent lights and in darkness, at room temperature. These isolates were identified as Phytophthora nicotianae (= Phytophthora parasitica), on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics. Sporangia were papillate (including some with dual apices), noncaducous, 45 to 60 μm in length, and spherical, ovoid, or obpyriform. Mycelium growth occurred at 36°C. Isolates were considered heterothallic because they did not produce oospores when grown on V8 juice agar in the dark for 2 weeks. Sporangia that were nonpapillate and proliferating internally were not observed on any of these isolates. Because we apparently did not isolate the Phytophthora spp. seen microscopically on petals, we cannot comment on its exact identity or significance in causing this disease. We did conduct pathogenicity tests to determine whether isolates of P. nicotianae were capable of causing the observed symptoms. These tests were conducted twice on chrysanthemum cultivars Debonair, Yellow Triumph, Spotlight, Raquel, Jennifer, Grace, and Hot Salsa. In the first test, two plants of each cultivar were sprayed to runoff with a zoospore suspension (105 spores per ml) in sterile, filtered water. Two plants of each cultivar were sprayed with sterile, filtered water as noninoculated controls. Individual plants were placed in loosely closed plastic bags, misted daily, and held at 23 to 24°C with indirect lighting (approximately 12 h per day) for 1 week. In the second test, four plants of each cultivar except Debonair were inoculated as described previously, four plants of each cultivar were left untreated as noninoculated controls, and one Debonair plant was inoculated and one remained noninoculated. Plants were held for 3 days in an environmentally controlled growth room, with 23°C days (11 h)-20°C nights (13 h), under a plastic tent where high levels of humidity were maintained with a humidifier and daily misting. A grow light provided a low level of lighting (4 to 6 μE · m-2 · s-1). All inoculated plants developed severe blossom blight similar to that observed initially. In the first test, symptoms were evident at 2 days. In the growth room, blossom blight first was observed at 24 h postinoculation. In both tests, blossom blight severity increased quickly in the 1 to 2 days after the initial occurrence of symptoms. Only blossoms became diseased; symptoms did not extend to other plant organs. P. nicotianae was reisolated consistently from symptomatic blossoms on selective medium. This is, we believe, the first report of blossom blight on chrysanthemum caused by a species of Phytophthora. Previously, P. nicotianae has been reported to cause leaf blight on artificially inoculated Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Dendranthema × grandiflorum) cultivars Capri and Vermilion in Florida (1) and twig and leaf blight on Chrysanthemum coronarium in India (2). References: (1) C. R. Semer and B. C. Raju. Plant Dis. 69:1005–1006, 1985. (2) N. Sushma and N. D. Sharma. J. Mycol. Plant Pathol. 27:345, 1997.
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Romar, R., C. Carrasco, J. Marcos, M. Avilés, and P. Coy. "310 DETERMINATION OF THE PORCINE OVIDUCTAL GLYCOSIDASES DURING THE ESTROUS CYCLE." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab310.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbohydrates play a key role in different reproductive events, such as the sperm–oviductal cell interaction and sperm–oocyte recognition. For example, β-d-galactose and α-d-mannose residues contained in the zona pellucida have been identified as sperm receptors in porcine oocytes (Song et al. 1999 J. Mamm. Ova Res. 16). The glycosidases, enzymes that remove carbohydrates, could play an important role in the reproductive tract, modulating decisive physiological events mediated by carbohydrates. However, the enzymatic activity level of these enzymes or their fluctuations throughout the estrous cycle in the porcine oviductal fluid (POF) has not been studied. The objective of this work was to compare the enzymatic activity level of 7 glycosidases in the POF at different stages of the estrous cycle. Oviducts were collected from the abattoir and classified according to the macroscopic aspect of the genital tract (Grippo et al. 1995 J. Reprod. Fertil. 105, 57–64) as early follicular please (presence of growing follicles), late follicular phase (presence of several grown follicles), early luteal phase (ovaries showing corpora hemorrhagica or recent corpora lutea), and late luteal phase (old corpora lutea or corpora albicans). After classification, oviducts were dissected and oviductal fluid samples were collected by aspiration with an automatic pipette while applying manual pressure from the isthmus toward the ampulla. Samples (6 per group) were centrifuged (7000g, 10 min) and the supernatant was stored at −20°C until assay. Total activity levels were measured fluorimetrically at 450 nm with the corresponding substrate conjugated to 4-methylumbelliferyl for each enzyme (Abascal et al. 1998 Biochem. J. 333, 201–207) using a FLUOstar Galaxy fluorometer (BMG Lab Technologies, Offenburg, Germany). Enzymatic assays were done in duplicate for 4 h at 37°C, and the reactions were stopped by adding glycine–calcium carbonate buffer. Fluorescence was corrected for tissue and substrate blanks. Fluorescence results of each enzyme and oviduct phase were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with estrous cycle phase being the main factor. Results (mean counts of fluorescence, see Table 1) showed that changes of enzymatic activity during the estrous cycle and activity of some enzymes were modified during or after ovulation, suggesting a role of some glycosidases in the fertilization process. Preliminary assays for neuraminidase were negative in all samples. Future studies are necessary to identify the biological role played by the glycosidases present in the POF. Table 1.Changes in porcine oviductal glycosidases during the estrous cycle Supported by Fundacion Seneca (03018/PI/05) and Ministerio de Educacío y Ciencia (Project code 3495).
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Kou, L. P., V. L. Gaskins, Y. G. Luo, and W. M. Jurick. "First Report of Alternaria tenuissima Causing Postharvest Decay on Apple Fruit from Cold Storage in the United States." Plant Disease 98, no. 5 (May 2014): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-13-0802-pdn.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Apples are grown and stored for 9 to 12 months under controlled atmosphere conditions in the United States. During storage, apples are susceptible to various fungal pathogens, including several Alternaria species (2). Alternaria tenuissima (Nees) Wiltshire causes dry core rot (DCR) on apples during storage and has recently occurred in South Africa (1). Losses range widely, but typically occur at 6 to 8% annually due to this disease (2). In February 2013, ‘Nittany’ apples with round, dark-colored, dry, spongy lesions were obtained from wooden bins in a commercial cold storage facility located in Pennsylvania. Symptomatic fruits were transported to the lab, rinsed with sterile water, and the lesions were sprayed with 70% ethanol until runoff and wiped dry. The skin was aseptically removed with a scalpel, and asymptomatic tissue was placed onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) and incubated at 25°C. Two single-spore isolates were propagated on PDA and permanent cultures were maintained as slants and stored at 4°C. The fungus produced a cottony white mycelium that turned olive-green to brown with abundant aerial hyphae and had a dark brown to black reverse on PDA. Isolates were identified as Alternaria based on conidial morphology as the spores were slightly melanized and obclavate to obpyriform catentulate with longitudinal and transverse septa attached in unbranched chains on simple short conidiophores. Conidia ranged from 10 to 70 μm long (mean 27.7 μm) and 5 to 15 μm wide (mean 5.25 μm) (n = 50) with 1 to 6 transverse and 0 to 2 longitudinal septa. Conidial beaks, when present, were short (5 μm or less) and tapered. Mycelial genomic DNA was extracted, and a portion of the histone gene (357 bp) was amplified via gene specific primers (Alt-His3-F/R) using conventional PCR (Jurick II, unpublished). The forward and reverse sequences were assembled into a consensus representing 2× coverage and MegaBLAST analysis showed that both isolates were 100% identical to Alternaria tenuissima isolates including CR27 (GenBank Accession No. AF404622.1) that caused DCR on apple fruit during storage in South Africa. Koch's postulates were conducted using 10 organic ‘Gala’ apple fruit that were surface sterilized with soap and water, sprayed with 70% ethanol, and wiped dry. The fruit were aseptically wounded with a nail to a 3 mm depth, inoculated with 50 μl of a conidial suspension (1 × 104 conidia/ml), and stored at 25°C in 80 count boxes on paper trays for 21 days. Mean lesion diameters on inoculated ‘Gala’ apple fruit were 19.1 mm (±7.4), water only controls (n = 10 fruit) were symptomless, and the experiment was repeated. Symptoms observed on artificially inoculated ‘Gala’ apple fruit were similar to the decay observed on ‘Nittany’ apples from cold storage. Based on our findings, it is possible that A. tenuissima can cause decay that originates from wounded tissue in addition to dry core rot, which has been reported (1). Since A. tenuissima produces potent mycotoxins, even low levels of the pathogen could pose a health problem for contaminated fruit destined for processing and may impact export to other countries. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of alternaria rot caused by A. tenuissima on apple fruit from cold storage in the United States. References: (1) J. C. Combrink et al. Decid. Fruit Grow. 34:88, 1984. (2) M. Serdani et al. Mycol. Res. 106:562, 2002. (3) E. E. Stinson et al. J. Agric. Food Chem. 28:960, 1980.
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Zentner, R. P., C. A. Campbell, F. Selles, R. Lemke, B. G. McConkey, M. R. Fernandez, C. Hamel, and Y. T. Gan. "Economics of spring wheat production systems using conventional tillage management in the Brown soil zone – Revisited." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-219.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Producers in the semiarid Brown soil zone of the Canadian Prairies have historically used fallow (F)-based cropping systems with mechanical tillage methods to produce spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) (W). However, in the past two decades government policies and programs have changed, as have cropping practices, market opportunities, and weather patterns. This study re-examines the economic merits of these conventional cropping systems under today’s conditions in regard to the optimal cropping frequency, value of applying N and P fertilizer at soil test rates, and the possible advantage of replacing monoculture wheat with lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) (Lent) or flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) (Flx) grown in mixed rotations. The analysis draws on data from a long-term crop rotation experiment that was established in 1967 on an Orthic Brown Chernozem at the Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. All cropping systems were managed using conventional tillage practices, which attempted to conserve as much surface crop residue as possible (i.e., stubble mulch tillage techniques were used). The findings for 1985–2002, a period characterized by above normal precipitation, were compared with those reported previously for the 1967–1984 period when growing conditions were less favorable but more typical for this area. Net returns during 1985–2002 were highest for W-Lent ($93 ha-1 yr-1) and lowest for F-Flx-W ($38 ha-1 yr-1). Net returns for well-fertilized F-W, F-W-W, F-W-W-W-W-W, and Cont W during this same period were similar, averaging about $52 ha-1 yr-1 or 44% less than for W-Lent. These results contrast with those reported for the previous 18-yr period when F-W and F- W-W generally produced higher net returns than Cont W. Within the F-W-W systems, the application of both N and P fertilizer increased the 18-yr (1985–2002) mean net returns by $18 ha-1 yr-1 compared with application of N only, and by $32 ha-1 yr-1 compared with application of P only. For Cont W the application of N and P fertilizer increased the mean net returns by $71 ha-1 yr-1 compared with application of P only. These economic benefits from N and P fertilization were much higher than those reported in 1967–1984 due to the more humid growing conditions and the increased rate of N fertilizer prescribed by the soil testing lab since 1991. Further, our findings showed that only if producers were highly risk averse, do not subscribe to all-risk crop insurance , or if the price for wheat was high or price for lentil low, would the monoculture wheat systems be preferred to W-Lent. However, producers who are highly risk averse would still opt for the cropping systems that included some summerfallow. Our findings support the recent trends in land use practices by area producers towards more diversified and intensive cropping systems which are less reliant on frequent fallowing. Key words: Crop rotations, wheat, lentil, flax, summerfallow, production costs, net returns, income variability
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Rooney-Latham, S., and C. L. Blomquist. "First Report of Root and Stem Rot Caused by Phytophthora tentaculata on Mimulus aurantiacus in North America." Plant Disease 98, no. 7 (July 2014): 996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-09-13-1002-pdn.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sticky monkey flower plant, Mimulus aurantiacus (Phrymaceae), is a small, perennial shrub that is widely distributed throughout California, especially in coastal and disturbed habitats. It is also found in native plantings in parks and landscapes. In October 2012, nearly all the M. aurantiacus plants grown in a Monterey County, CA nursery for a restoration project were stunted and had dull, yellowish leaves. Roots and stem collars had necrotic, sunken lesions with few feeder roots. Thirty percent of the plants had died. Samples of diseased plants were sent to the CDFA-PPDC Lab and tested positive for Phytophthora sp. using the Agdia ELISA Phytophthora kit (Agdia, Elkhart, IN). A Phytophthora sp. was consistently isolated from the tissue on corn meal agar-PARP (CMA-PARP) (2). Sporangia were spherical to ovoid, papillate to bipapillate and 17 to 42.5 (avg. 27.5) × 12 to 35 (avg. 22.9) μm, with a length/breadth ratio of 1.2:1. Chlamydospores, which were spherical, terminal to intercalary, thin walled and 27.5 to 40 μm, and hyphal swellings formed on CMA-PARP. Spherical oospores, 25 to 36 μm, with primarily paragynous antheridia formed readily on V8 juice agar. rDNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the isolates (GenBank KF667505), amplified using primers ITS1 and ITS4, were 100% identical to Phytophthora tentaculata (CBS 552.96, GenBank AF266775) by a BLAST query (1,3). To assess pathogenicity, exposed root crowns of three 3.78-liter potted M. aurantiacus plants were inoculated with 20 ml of zoospore suspension (2 × 104 ml−1). Plants were maintained in a 23°C growth chamber with a 12-h photoperiod and watered daily. Sterile water was applied to the exposed crowns of three control plants. At 2 weeks, all inoculated plants were wilted with chlorotic foliage. After 3 weeks, the cortical tissue of the crowns and roots was discolored and sloughing and P. tentaculata was recovered on CMA-PARP. P. tentaculata did not grow from the asymptomatic control plants. Inoculations were repeated with similar results. P. tentaculata is a homothallic species in Phytophthora clade 1 that causes crown, root, and stalk rot of nursery plants in Europe and China (1,4). A USDA PERAL analysis lists it as one of the top 5 Phytophthora species of concern to the United States (4). Genera infected with P. tentaculata include Apium, Aucklandia, Chicorium, Chrysanthemum, Delphinium, Gerbera, Lavandula, Santolina, Origanum, and Verbena (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of P. tentaculata in North America. The source of inoculum of P. tentaculata in California remains unknown. The nursery used seed and cuttings of M. aurantiacus from nearby native areas for propagation, and P. tentaculata was not found in neighboring plant hosts or by baiting soil and water at the nursery. All infected M. aurantiacus material was destroyed. The presence of P. tentaculata in California nurseries could have serious economic impacts on the nursery industry and environmental impacts on susceptible native hosts, if spread into the wildlands. References: (1) D. E. L. Cooke et al. Fungal Genet. Biol. 30:17, 2000. (2) S. N. Jeffers and S. B. Martin. Plant Dis. 70:1038, 1986. (3) H. Krober and R. Z. Marwitz. Pflanzenkrankh. Pflanzenschutz 100:250, 1993. (4) U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Services (APHIS). Phytophthora species in the Environment and Nursery Settings New Pest Response Guidelines, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Emergency and Domestic Programs-Emergency Management, Riverdale, MD, 2010.
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Ysebaert, Loic, Mary Poupot, Yovan Sanchez-Ruiz, Camille Laurent, Guy Laurent, and Jean-Jacques Fournié. "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia-Associated Macrophages: Not Just Nurse Cells." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.46.46.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Abstract 46 Introduction: CLL cells interact with many accessory cells in an environment mimicking that of normal mature B cells. Role of antigen, cytokines, adhesion pathways are critical for many aspects in the disease course (proliferation/survival, migration or homing, drug resistance, and presumably relapse). Nurse-like cells (NLC) belong to a monocytic-derived, bystander population among CLL lymph node and spleen stromal cells. Aim: To investigate the nature, functions, and location of NLC within CLL microenvironment. Methods: Gene expression profiles (GEP) from in vitro expanded NLC from patients (n=10) were produced and compared to those from normal CD14+ monocytes, M1-polarized macrophages, M2-polarized macrophages and tumor-associated macrophages (produced in the lab or downloaded from GEO datasets). Principal Component Analysis was used to categorize these five populations of cells and in-house-built GSEA software was used for functional interpretation of their relevant gene lists. Protein expression patterns were validated with multi-analyte ELISArray kits, proteome profiler arrays, flow cytometry (FC) or immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: New insights into the physiopathological role of NLC in CLL are suggested from five lines of evidence: 1/a Òmonocytic gene signatureÓ (i.e. a set of 549 genes) is shared by the NLC and the monocyte subtypes. The genes over-represented in NLC vs normal monocytes pinpointed positive modulation of apoptotic cell clearance (scavenger, mannose and complement receptors, LXRalpha), lipid metabolism (Apolipoprotein E, PPAR signaling), extracellular matrix-receptor interactions (integrins, SPARC, Matrix MetalloProteinases) and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. 2/unsupervised clustering show that NLC represent an M2-skewed, TAM-like cell population. They down-regulate mRNA and proteins for classic M1 inflammatory markers (e.g. IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, COX2) while increase secretion of TGFbeta, IL-10, CCL17 and CCL22 soluble factors. 3/these and previously published observations suggest that B-CLL-to-NLC interactions may orchestrate immunosuppression in this disease. PBMCs from Òwatch and waitÓ CLL patients (all stage A/Rai 0, mutated IgVH, low risk cytogenetics profile) or healthy donors were stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 beads + IL-2, either in standard RPMI+10% FCS or in conditioned medium (CM, after 14d CLL-NLC co-culture in vitro) and their proliferation/phenotype were compared after 2 weeks. Significant expansion of T cells with Treg (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) phenotype was observed only from CLL PBMCs grown in conditioned medium (mean % Treg: 2.85 vs 3.05 in CM for normal PBMCs, and 1.54 vs 15.9 in CM for CLL PBMCs, P< 0.05). 4/although NLC make immune synapses with live B-CLL, they do not phagocytose them. Over-expression of CD47 (ÒdonÕt eat meÓ signal) by B-CLL cells (mfi= 3490 vs 2581 on normal cells, P< 0.05, n=18) may provide them with a protective signal against NLC. 5/from our GEP, flow cytometric and IHC analyses, we propose CD163 (classic M2 marker) as a reliable tool to identify NLC in vivo. Although in vitro, CLL cells can pervert healthy donor monocytes into NLC, only CLL-derived NLC are truly CD14+ CD163+. In vivo, CD163 staining reveals putative NLC in CLL lymph nodes(LN)/spleen sections but not in bone marrow. In LN from all patients, NLC reside in the subcapsular areas and line vessel structures, suggesting a role in CLL cells trafficking. Most interestingly, NLC infiltrate pseudofollicles structures only in a subset of cases. We will present updated IHC and clinical presentation correlation studies. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the role of NLC in CLL might be broader than initially thought. Beside of nursing and conferring drug resistance, NLC may also be crucial in the setting of immunosuppression, of CLL cells recruitment, and should thus be considered as therapeutic targets. Disclosures: Off Label Use: GA101 is not currently approved for CLL treatment.
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"‘Knotable’ Gold, Lab-Grown Meat." Chemical & Engineering News Archive 90, no. 1 (January 2, 2012): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-09001-newscripts.
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Matt Blois. "Food industry heavyweights back lab-grown meat." Chemical & Engineering News, January 2, 2022, 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47287/cen-10001-buscon14.
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Penn, Jennifer. ""Cultured Meat": Lab-Grown Beef and Regulating the Future Meat Market." UCLA Journal of Environmental Law and Policy 36, no. 1 (2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.5070/l5361039902.
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Grass, Stephanie. "Negative Impacts of the Beef Industry: Lab-Grown Meat." WRIT: Journal of First-Year Writing 2, no. 2 (July 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.25035/writ.02.02.07.
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Holmes, Bob. "Getting lab-grown meat — and milk — to the table." Knowable Magazine, December 22, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/knowable-122122-2.
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Nelson, Daniel. "Lab Grown Meat May Soon Be Available To General Public." Science Trends, September 24, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31988/scitrends.34210.
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Servick, Kelly. "As lab-grown meat advances, U.S. lawmakers call for regulation." Science, May 10, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aau1426.
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Sergelidis, Daniel. "Lab Grown Meat: The Future Sustainable Alternative to Meat or a Novel Functional Food?" Biomedical Journal of Scientific & Technical Research 17, no. 1 (April 10, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26717/bjstr.2019.17.002930.
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Garcez de Oliveira Padilha, Lívia, Lenka Malek, and Wendy J. Umberger. "Food choice drivers of potential lab-grown meat consumers in Australia." British Food Journal ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 18, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-03-2021-0214.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeTo examine the market potential for lab-grown meat (LGM) in Australia by: (1) determining consumers' willingness to consume LGM; (2) exploring heterogeneity in both consumers' willingness to consume LGM and food choice values; and (3) characterizing unique consumer clusters (segments) using socio-demographic, behavioral and psychosocial factors.Design/methodology/approachLatent class cluster analysis was conducted using online survey data obtained from a nationally representative sample of 1,078 Australian food shoppers.FindingsSix consumer clusters were identified, each distinct in their degree of willingness to consume LGM and in their food choice values. Three clusters (49% of consumers) indicated some willingness to consume LGM. One segment, “Prospective LGM eaters” (12%), appeared “very willing” to consume LGM. These consumers were more likely to be younger (<35 years); university-educated; have greater prior awareness of LGM; stronger beliefs regarding the potential self- and society-related benefits of growing demand for LGM; and higher trust in diverse information sources.Practical implicationsInsights on the characteristics of each cluster provide useful information for the industry on how to tailor product development and marketing strategies to address the needs of consumers with the greatest potential to consume LGM.Originality/valueThis is the first consumer research on the topic of LGM to explore market opportunities for LGM in Australia using a nationally representative consumer sample.
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Kubacak, Kellie, Courtney Meyers, Hannah L. Ford, Nan Li, and Lindsay Kennedy. "Influence of Message Theme on Consumer Perceptions of Lab Grown Meat." Journal of Applied Communications 106, no. 1 (February 9, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.2401.
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