Дисертації з теми "La théorie du management par les ressources"
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Carrier-Vernhet, Amandine. "Implication organisationnelle et épuisement professionnel : une analyse par la théorie de la conservation des ressources." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00770161.
Rossano, Maryline. "La santé au travail dans les fonctions publiques territoriale et hospitalière : une approche par les ressources." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG008/document.
Stress, burnout, well-being, work conditions, psychosocial risks, occupational health covers multiple notions. We choose to consider health according to the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 1998, 2001). Its major contributions consist firstly in considering health not only from a pathogenic aspect but also from a salutogenic one (Abord de Chatillon, 2005 ; Neveu, 2007, 2012 ; Richard, 2012). Secondly, it proposes to study health as a whole process including its internal and external aspects. The issue of this study is to analyse both the process of maintenance and decline of occupational health in the specific public context. For several decades, this sector has been undergoing major transformations with New Public Management reforms. Although economically necessary this rationalization results in work intensification which influence work organization and health of public agents. Thus, our qualitative study through the three articles considers that occupational health is a dynamic process (in which individuals, collective and organization participate) expressed through the relationship to resources. Our thesis offers several contributions to help identify new organizational resources, to highlight the process of resource mobilization and the proactive capacity, to explicit the spiral process and to confirm the link, not sufficiently explored, between the NPM and job stress
Makany, Gilles Davy Luyindula. "Implémentation du concept de développement durable dans le cadre de stratégies volontaristes : approche par les ressources et les compétences." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC001.
For some years, sustainable development has imposed itself as a societal value. Enterprises are facing growing expectations and aspirations from their stakeholders. Sustainable development has become both a strategic imperative and a “source of strategic stakes” for enterprises, irrespective of their sector of activities. However, the issue relating to the implementation or conversion of such a polysemous, polymorphic and protean concept into clear and relevant management practices remains a deep concern for the enterprises that are willing to integrate sustainable development in their strategies.This work aims at developing a comprehensive approach in line with the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the framework of voluntarist strategies. To do so, the privileged theoretical standpoint has been the resources and competence model. Such a qualitative research consists in a multiple case study, in a perspective of literal replication. To describe, analyze and understand the implementation of sustainable development, semi-directing interviews have been carried, along with secondary data collection.This research is instrumental in stabilizing and putting in perspective the concept of sustainable development in the field of management science. First of all, it brings into focus four strategic attitudes that are likely to be adopted by enterprises, and then suggests two complementary modalities for implementing the concept of sustainable development. And finally, it offers several implementation approaches - stated in a thematic way- to address the aforementioned concept
Makany, Gilles Davy Luyindula. "Implémentation du concept de développement durable dans le cadre de stratégies volontaristes : approche par les ressources et les compétences." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC001.
For some years, sustainable development has imposed itself as a societal value. Enterprises are facing growing expectations and aspirations from their stakeholders. Sustainable development has become both a strategic imperative and a “source of strategic stakes” for enterprises, irrespective of their sector of activities. However, the issue relating to the implementation or conversion of such a polysemous, polymorphic and protean concept into clear and relevant management practices remains a deep concern for the enterprises that are willing to integrate sustainable development in their strategies.This work aims at developing a comprehensive approach in line with the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in the framework of voluntarist strategies. To do so, the privileged theoretical standpoint has been the resources and competence model. Such a qualitative research consists in a multiple case study, in a perspective of literal replication. To describe, analyze and understand the implementation of sustainable development, semi-directing interviews have been carried, along with secondary data collection.This research is instrumental in stabilizing and putting in perspective the concept of sustainable development in the field of management science. First of all, it brings into focus four strategic attitudes that are likely to be adopted by enterprises, and then suggests two complementary modalities for implementing the concept of sustainable development. And finally, it offers several implementation approaches - stated in a thematic way- to address the aforementioned concept
Abdelwahed, Yosra. "Essai de modélisation de l’entrepreneuriat transgénérationnel dans les entreprises familiales : cas de la Tunisie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080003.
Different theories have been applied at the interface of entrepreneurship and family business research to explore the entrepreneurial behaviors of families. The STEP project, in particular, has related entrepreneurship and family business research to investigate and realize the determinants of successful transfers of entrepreneurial spirit across generations. Within this perspective, Transgenerational entrepreneurship refers to sustained family-based entrepreneurship that generates a systematic stream of family-influenced social and economic wealth across many generations. The aim of this research is to have a better comprehension of continuous entrepreneurship in family firms in Tunisia. We followed a mixed methodology : qualitative and quantitative through the data collection from family firms. The results of our work has led to important understandings about interactions of the family and family firm, new insights into survival and demise of firms.Accordingly, we go forward entrepreneurship theory and practice by assessing the fundamentals of business model construction within the family business context, thus expediting stronger theoretical perspectives of transgenerational entrepreneurship
Choain, Laurent. "L'éducation, fondement et avenir des politiques de ressources humaines et de développement du leadership dans les sociétés de services professionnels." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020003.
This work sits at the crossroads of an industry – professional services – and a global functional field – management education, and seeks to answer one question: how are millenials going to lead? Are current management education systems, which proved robust and effective for the past sixty years, capable of adapting to this new generation, helping them create their own leadership codes? New players in the field of education are emerging to take advantage of the rise of a massive middle class around the world. With their vast bodies of empirical research and their innovative practices in the design and delivery of management education through their corporate universities, can companies, provided they open up, pioneer new formats of executive education? Can these corporations shift from capital-intensive organisations to knowledge-intensive campuses, the latter seemingly favoured by the most talented and sought-after Millenials? If a shift is underway, Professional Service Firms are at the forefront of the transformation: based on a purely people-intensive business model, selling only knowledge, and governed through partnerships, PSFs have long had management education at the heart of their operations. Moreover, a large majority of their staff belong to the Y generation. This work therefore examines how to foster education-based innovative HR and leadership development strategies in Professional Service Firms, and draws lessons for the larger corporate world
Girodon, Julien. "Proposition d'une approche d'amélioration des performances des organisations par le management opérationnel de leurs connaissances et compétences." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0145/document.
This research, carried out under a PhD “CIFRE” with the company ESSILOR and the ERPI Laboratory of the Lorraine University, proposes a framework to make organizations evolve, based on the operational management of knowledge and competences. We have enhanced the organizational mechanisms of sharing, and the use of knowledge and competences within the design environment, in order to propose models, methods and tools allowing actors and organizations to improve their performances. Four key elements have been developed in this research, including three contributions and an assessment of the efficiency of the proposed development framework: • The development of an enterprise modeling method based on the conceptual model KROM and its translation into operational models. This method aims to clarify the organizational links of the knowledge and competence concepts in order to link them to their implementation contexts. • The definition of a global framework to make an organization evolve based on the management of its knowledge and competence assets. This evolution framework includes a characterization and an assessment of the organizations’ maturity in their knowledge and competences management practices, as well as a method to make organizations change, based on the proposal of scenario of improvement actions: the ACKME method. • The proposal of an organizational approach to design Multi-agent systems (MAS) called DOCK, allowing the designer to specify MAS oriented toward the issues faced by knowledge engineering approaches, namely the recognition and management of the knowledge life cycle. • An assessment of the value of the implemented framework (the three previous contributions) based on the assessment of the competences of the actors within the organization. This evaluation is based, on one hand, on the possibility to integrate the evolution framework into a global steering approach to make the organization evolve, and on the other hand, on experiments led within the Engineering department of Essilor
Metailler, Thibaut. "Une approche critique, en gestion des connaissances, du soutien à l'innovation par les compétences dans les pôles de compétitivité : le cas des PME en optique photonique du pôle Optitec." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM2003.
The purpose of this doctoral research is to analyse the notion of innovation support through skills from clusters in regard to high-technology SMEs. More specifically, it intends to undertake a critical review of Competency Management implementation - as recommended by public institutions, in favour of Knowledge Management implementation. Therefore, we exploit the conceptual field of KM in SMEs and demonstrate the embedding of KM processes within SMEs’ business activity and organisation. Although the conceptual link between business activity and organisation has been already covered in the literature, we are here focusing on its operationalisation in high-tech SMEs to support innovation. Within the context of our CIFRE grant, we have applied a PAR Methodology (Participatory Action Research) allowing to study the OPTITEC cluster. The interest of this methodology lies in the ability to integrate key actors and implementing partners into the research activity. Thus, we frame the theoretical concept of KM in high-tech SMEs and imply a repositioning of the competitiveness cluster on the basis of this knowledge creation. Two levels of results are provided. The first consists of identifying the operationalization of KM supporting innovation within high-technology SMEs. The second one challenges the cluster’s role as a ‘third party’ in supporting innovation within high-tech SMEs
Renaud, Fabien. "Les ressources explicites vues par la théorie de la réécriture." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00697408.
Simeus, Marlène. "Théorie de l'agence : investissements en ressources humaines et performance financière." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq22017.pdf.
Torres, Arnaud. "Pilotage de la transmission des compétences et des savoir-faire par le manager de proximité comme facteur de développement et de performances socio-économiques." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30029.
The transfer of skills and know-how (TS/TKH) in organizations are of strategic importance for their survival and development and therefore require careful and rigorous control to provide any added value preparation.The first explicit conceptual and methodological research foundations and has lots of investigation and experimentation of our assumptions and tools part . It presents the issues related to the transfer of skills and know-how from the analysis of interviews, dysfunctions and their hidden regulatory costs. We study the importance of the definition of a policy of TS / TKH by management and the roles and practices of human resource skills management and transfer.In the second part, we study the key role held by the manager of proximity, its strategic position in the organization and management practices in the management and implementation of the policy of transfer of know -how, as well as in the monitoring and development of individual and collective performance. We also study the socio -economic impacts of actions TS / TKH and control these actions by local managers. Finally, we propose the concept of proximity manager - developer relying on the evolution of management in the twentieth century, the concept of integrated training and the importance of education. We offer management tools to allow local managers to better manage the TS / TKH
Peng, Jing. "Modèles de files d’attente pour l'analyse des stratégies de collaboration dans les systèmes de services." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLC089/document.
In past twenty years, the service sector has emerged as the primary sector in the world economy, especially in developed countries. Competition and cooperation in service industries have become more and more popular in the context of economic globalization. How to operate the collaboration with a win-win agreement brings a fertile source of operations management issues in service science. In this thesis, we study collaborations between homogeneous service systems in terms of resource pooling strategies.In the first two parts, we investigate the cost-sharing problem among independent service providers with general service times and accounting for the customer abandonment. We model both the service provider and the cooperative coalition as single server queues, and specialize the capacity pooling strategies with the fixed and optimized service capacities.Finally, we address the service pooling problem in the multi-serverpooling setting to assess the quality of the "super-server" assumption.We numerically investigate the impact of service duration variability and customer abandonment on the pooling game. We compare between cost-sharing results of the two resource pooling concepts, with or without the "super-server" assumptions
Toka, Làszló. "Analyse des systèmes distribués par théorie des jeux : conception et incitation." Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENST0006.
This dissertation studies incentive aspects of distributed systems in which limited private or public resources must be allocated among selfish autonomic participants. Our goal is to design mechanisms which ensure the efficiency and fairness of resource allocation in such systems. We propose distributed optimization algorithms intended for practical implementation. First, we target backup services in peer-to-peer systems, i. E. , distributed networks of functionally equal peers, where users save their backup data on the underutilized storage devices of one another over the internet. As a main characteristic, no scalability problems arise since more users provide larger overall storage space and bandwidth. The spatial and ownership diversity of storage hosts assure the availability of backed up data. In order to ensure high quality service in such a peer-to-peer network we propose novel data redundancy and peer selection policies. Second, we examine the potential of a dynamic spectrum management framework that enables sequential allocation of frequency bands for wireless service providers. Our allocation and pricing design achieve efficient spectrum utilization and incentive-compatibility, considering physical interference among frequency licensees. Our work provides insights on emerging optimization problems related to the spectrum allocation. We propose heuristic algorithms that can be the cornerstones of a flexible distributed dynamic allocation system
Ranjatoelina, Jérémy. "Les business models inclusifs. : Une recherche-action sur la lutte contre l’exclusion sociale, par l’emploi au cœur d’une activité économique, en France." Thesis, Lille 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIL12009/document.
Inclusive organizations deliberately and predominantly employ people in situations of social exclusion. This compilation thesis studies the business models of enterprises which predominantly include in their processes of value creation, human resources that are being wasted by the companies on the job market. It is theoretically anchored in three research streams : (1) the stream that favors individuals’ inclusion at the base of the pyramid (BoP); (2) the business model of social enterprises ; (3) the extented resource-based theory.A public-private conventionalized PhD called Doctorat-CIFRE, for “Industrial Convention for Research Training”, within the Fondation Agir Contre l’Exclusion (FACE) represents our research context. Accordingly, this action-research led to the analysis of the business models portfolios of the following groups: APF Entreprises, Vitamine T, and Ethik Investment. The results of the four papers highlight the key resources and competences which aggregate the orchestration capability that enables the inclusion of wasted human resources. The results yield a framework for the analysis of inclusive enterprises’ business models, called SI-RCOV framework. We also illustrate how an inclusive strategic intent is carried out within business models. Finally, we advance a (theoretically supported) (re)definition of the inclusive business model. These findings suggest a new theoretical insight and a new articulation for defining and scientifically discussing inclusive business models
Poquet, Millian. "Approche par la simulation pour la gestion de ressources." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM098/document.
Computing platforms increasingly grow in power and complexity.Numerous challenges remain to build next generations of platforms,but exploiting the platforms is a challenge per se.Constraints such as energy consumption, data movements and resiliencerisk to initiate breaking points in the way that the platforms aremanaged --- especially with the convergence of the different types ofdistributed platforms.Resource and Jobs Management Systems (RJMSs) are critical middlewaresthat allow users to exploit the resources of such platforms.They must evolve to make the best use of the computing platforms whilecomplying with these new constraints.Each evolution ideally require many iterations, but conducting them in vivois not reasonable due to huge overhead.Simulation is an efficient way to tackle the subsequent problems,but particular caution must be taken when drawing results from simulationas using ill-suited models may lead to invalid results.The first contribution of this thesis is the proposition of a modularsimulation methodology to study RJMSs and their evolution realistically --- andthe related simulator Batsim.The main idea is to strongly separate the simulation from the decision-makingalgorithms.This allows separation of concerns as any algorithm can benefit from a validatedsimulation with multiple levels of realism (features, accuracy of the models).This methodology improves the production launch of new policies since bothacademic prototypes and production RJMSs can be studied in the same context.Batsim is used in the second part of this thesis,which focuses on online and non-clairvoyant resource management policies tosave energy.Several algorithms are first proposed and analyzed to maximize performancesunder an energy budget for a given time period.This thesis then explores more generally possible energy and performancestrade-offs that can be obtained with node shutdown techniques
Mainier, Eric. "Le management des ressources humaines : pilotage par les qualifications et par les competences ; approches theoriques et pratiques." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015VERS003S.
This study is dealing with the human resources management, particularly steering through qualifications and skills. It is based on an epistemology that removes steps of induction and deduction in favor of the confrontation between the theoretical and practical approaches. Our ambition was to measure the difference between both types of inputs and to verify the scientific theoretical refutation constructed using as a criterion demarcation between science and pseudo-science. The five cases show that firms borrowed primarily want to ensure their sustainability, improve their performance and increase their profits. To achieve these goals, the owners of capital and their constituents, managers, have a share of formal means such management, steering through skills, description, status and attitudes of workers, qualifications and skills and other, informal means such as ideology, handling and paradoxical requirement. Unlike the often accepted idea that the model of skill mark a definitive break with the qualification, managers still use the workstation to build repositories of individual and collective skills and carry out assessments of their staff members. Although not reified, workers are nevertheless forced to adhere fully to the standards set by their employers and constantly improve their performance to be appoint as skill. Libertarian ideas promoted by the instigators of skill, such as autonomy, taking initiative and responsibility, therefore falls under an ideology that placed the logical skill in a win-lose reality at the expense of workers, deserting a full recognition of individuals in their capacity as individuals
Loffreda, Magali. "L'activité d'organisation des ressources éducatives par les enseignants." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASK003.
Teaching relies on a number of resources necessary for the preparation of lessons. The way they circulate is a challenge for those working in the field of education. The evolutions linked to the development of digital technologies also raise, in an increasingly pressing manner, the question of their organization. Our thesis studies these organizational practices. A multidimensional analytical framework articulating the macro, meso and micro levels has been developed in order to apprehend this activity by taking into account the socio-historical context in which it is deployed. It allows us to reveal the relationships and tensions between these three levels. On the theoretical level, it has been developed and enriched by the contributions of various academic works carried out in the fields of educational sciences, information and communication sciences, organizational sciences, and the history of knowledge, sciences and technologies. It has enabled us to develop a network of concepts that shed light on our subject. Methodologically, we have used this framework to conduct empirical investigations based on qualitative methodologies. These have led to the development of three corpora. Two corpuses are based on teachers' discourses. The first is the result of an ethnographic investigation in a high school. The second is based on elements of discourse from teachers’ network websites concerning the organization of resources and the mobilization of management tools. The last corpus is based on an analysis of the offer of digital tools and services for the organization of resources, or presenting functionalities dedicated to the organization of resources. Finally, we undertook the development of two glossaries to embrace the key notions and concepts used in this research. Our analyses underline the complexity of the resource organization activity. The latter is based on several actions relying on a vast hybrid tooling (paper and digital) and manifesting itself through forms of do-it-yourself. It also covers several dimensions: practical, affective, biographical and intimate. Our thesis shows that this activity, which could be thought of as trivial and secondary, plays on the contrary an important role in the process of appropriation and construction of knowledge, and that it is through this process that teachers can be ressourcefullness, and thus build and establish their legitimacy as professionals in the making and in development
Cézanne, Cécile. "Capital humain spécifique, gouvernance et performance de l'entreprise : approche par la théorie de la firme et étude empirique du cas français." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE0038.
For nearly two decades, the firm has changed, especially with the growing importance of human capital and the movement of vertical disintegration. These evolutions raise questions about the link between the boundaries, the governance and the performance of the firm. The aim of this dissertation is to study the key elements, both theoretical and empirical, that involve a renewal of corporate governance in this changing context. First, we examine how the issue of the internal firm governance is based on the theories of the firm. Second, we advance that an alternative vision, beyond the traditional opposition between the shareholder value and the stakeholder value approaches, has to be elaborated. We develop a model of firm governance, that we call the ‘multi-resources’ model. The latter allows motivating fundamental partners to regulate the power they have on the critical resources of the firm. Third, using a typological analysis and logical expressions, we exploit the French 2004-2005 REPONSE survey to verify the hypothesis that this new model of firm governance is built on the complementary use of vertical incentives, horizontal work practices and decentralized modalities of decision-making. Finally, we test econometrically the determinants of the multi-resources model and estimate the factors that improve performance of specific human capital-intensive firms
Sturlese, Jean-Luc. "Modélisation de systèmes à ressources par extension du Grafcet : application à la CAO des ateliers flexibles." Montpellier 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986MON20060.
Loup, Pierre. "Influence des Technologies Nomades sur le bien-être au travail : une lecture par la théorie de la conservation des ressources." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTD033/document.
At a time where welfare at work seems to be a priority for managers and organizations, and where mobile technologies allow permanent access to business information, increasing the porosity of borders between private and professional life; this thesis questions the impact of mobile technologies on employees’ psychological health and more specifically about their well-being (effects of nomadic technologies on the border between private and professional life, interpersonal relations, etc.). To explore this issue, we mobilized the Resources Conservation Theory (Hobfoll, 1989), a motivational theory which is based on the variety of resources available to a person in order to maintain, or reach, a situation of well-being and balance. The sales teams of a large French group, which were fitted in 2012 with Mobile Technologies (MT) constitute our field of investigation. The literature review and the results of an exploratory qualitative analysis, conducted using a semi-structured interview, with 34 commercials and managers, lead us to submit a structural model of the influence of mobile technologies on well-being at work, combining organizational, individual, and technological variables. This model was tested via a survey at a national level. From the 850 questionnaires which were sent, 400 usable responses were studied. First, our empirical results lead us to identify five categories of mobile technologies use, both depending on the nature of the technological support and on the performed task. The five obtained variables, became the input variables, through the modeling stage realized by the structural equations method. The test of research hypotheses emphasizes the role of certain resources such as autonomy, the meaning of work, the usefulness of technologies or organizational social support, especially to cope with the invasion of technology into the private sphere and the pressure related to its use. Overall, our results suggest that, despite the changes brought by the arrival of MT, there is no duality regarding the direct or indirect effect of these technologies on the stress level or on the welfare at work. Few interviewees are adamant on purely negative or purely positive impact of mobile technologies about welfare at work. However, a large majority of commercial and interviewed managers considered that the arrival of mobile technologies has "somewhat" favored well-being at work, despite the increased workload and technological invasion that it induced. In the end, MT seem to constitute constrained resources. To conclude this work, the theoretical and managerial contributions are presented as well as future opportunities of research
Alioua, Hala. "Le déploiement de la vision stratégique par le management intermédiaire : une approche par la théorie du sensemaking." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMC013.
Faced with the dynamics and complexity of the environment, the middle managers of the subsidiaries are often subject to a double pressure, on one hand of their subsidiary and on the other hand of the parent company. Thus, they cannot manage the different objectives imposed that are often contradictory especially when they are part of a process of continuous change. Indeed, middle managers, actors and recipients of change, cannot make sense of their actions when faced with ambiguous, new and critical events.The qualitative and longitudinal study carried out in a French subsidiary belonging to a German group, analyzes and describes the role of the middle managers in their interactions and their sensemaking and “sensegiving" for purpose of appropriation and implementation on the ground. By proposing a multi-level analysis, the case study enable to understand the events that impact their interpretations and sensemaking in the framework of change imposed by the headquarters
Sraidi, Si Mohamed. "Gestion durable de systèmes hydriques. Une approche par la théorie de contrôle optimal avec retard en horizon infini." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20159.
Maiga, Ali. "Stratégies d'allocution de ressources dans des contextes mono et multi-utilsateurs pour des communications à très haut débit sur lignes d'énergies." Rennes, INSA, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00605144.
The demand for broadband services over PLC (powerline communications) networks has been growing rapidly during the recent past due to the availability of infrastructures and low deployment costs. This kind of network supports multiple high-speed traffics with seamless connectivity among multiple nodes and access points. In this context, efficient management of available resources through allocation policies is needed to satisfy the quality of service requirements. These policies consist in determining efficient rules for allocating resources in order to optimize the transmission rates in PLC network. This thesis proposes resource allocation strategies to increase transmission rates in single and multi-user contexts. However, the transmission characteristics of the powerline channel are less favorable for data transfer, since it was originally not designed for that purpose. To exploit these difficult channel conditions, data is transmitted via a waveform combining the linear precoding technique and the multicarrier OFDM modulation scheme, leading to the LP-OFDM (linear precoding OFDM) solution. Assuming a perfect knowledge of the channel conditions at the transmitter side, this combination allows a more efficient utilization of the available transmission power. The achieved data rates are then increased by adapting modulation orders, transmitted power levels and the distribution of time-frequency resources, to the channel conditions. The main objective of this thesis is to study and optimize distribution strategies, for one or more users, of different subchannels (subcarriers in OFDM case and precoding sequences in LP-OFDM case) of the multicarrier systems and the bits and powers allocated to these subchannels. First, the problem of maximizing the bit rate is studied in a single user context and uses as the basis for multi-user context. A new resource allocation algorithm for LP-OFDM systems with minimum mean square error equalizer is proposed and constitutes the first original contribution. In addition, two novel bit and power allocation algorithms, with low complexity, are proposed to maximize the total bit rate while satisfying a bit error rate constraint. Then, a physical layer approach of multicast communications is addressed for LP-OFDM systems. The proposed methods better exploit the diversities of transmission links to increase the users' bit rates. Compared to the conventional resource allocation method in multicast OFDM systems, simulation results show bit rate gains up to 70% with linear precoding based methods. Finally, the possibility for several users to simultaneously access to the same physical medium is analysed for PLC networks. Current powerline communication systems are characterized by multiple access methods where different users transmit their signals in separate time intervals. New resource allocation algorithms are then proposed and analysed for simultaneous transmission over the same physical medium, in centralized and decentralized manner. The results show the interest of the LP-OFDM solution
Saad, Joe. "Evolution of mobile networks architecture and optimization of radio resource management." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASG005.
With Fifth Generation (5G) Networks, multiple heterogeneous services are supported such as the enhanced Mobile BroadBand (eMBB) service characterized by high throughput demand, the Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC) service requiring a low latency and the massive Machine-Type Communications (mMTC) service favoring a high density of connected devices.Thanks to slicing, these services can coexist on the same infrastructure. Slicing divides the network into multiple isolated logical networks named slices where each slice is attributed to a category of services.Furthermore, standardization bodies such as the Open-RAN alliance (O-RAN) focus on the evolution of the Radio Access Network (RAN) architecture including RAN components disaggregation. This evolution brings in many advantages for the operator such as the introduction of artificial intelligence at the level of the controllers.In this context of RAN evolution and slicing, the radio resource optimization is an important challenge for the mobile network operator to ensure Quality of Service (QoS) satisfaction for the different slices through efficient algorithms. Therefore, in this thesis, the objective is to propose various radio resource allocation algorithms based on the identification of the necessary Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) to take the appropriate decisions. Additionally, the proposed approaches are compared against each other and against other approaches from the state-of-the-art. Also, solutions implementation in an O-RAN compliant architecture is discussed.Our first algorithm is based on Dynamic Weighted Fair Queuing (DWFQ) in a multi-slice and multi-Virtual Operator (VO) context. The aim of this algorithm is to determine the resource portion that will be attributed to each VO in each slice using game theory.Next, we focus on the radio resource management at the level of a single operator. Therefore, the second contribution focuses on the radio resource allocation between two heterogeneous slices: eMBB and URLLC. Two approaches solve this problem where the radio resource allocation is based on traffic engineering. The first approach is a centralized one based on Deep-Q Networks (DQN) and the second is a distributed one based on a non-cooperative game.In our third contribution, we add the numerology (subcarrier spacing) aspect to the previous problem, while considering three slices: eMBB, URLLC and mMTC. For this reason, we divide the total band into multiple Bandwidth Parts (BWPs) each linked to a numerology. This causes a new type of interference called Inter-Numerology Interference (INI). Therefore, we propose a three-level algorithm where the first level uses game theory to choose the BWP that will serve the URLLC users. The second level uses heuristics to determine the portion of radio resources attributed to each BWP. The third level uses DQN to dimension the guard bands between the BWPs using different numerologies to reduce the INI effect.Subsequently, the multi-numerology aspect is retained in the problem, while considering multiple slices per user. For these users, an additional latency is induced due to BWP switching. The latter is necessary in order to retrieve the data of each slice. For this reason, our fourth contribution proposes three innovative BWP switching schemes that help to reduce the overall latency.As for our final contribution, we focus on the energy efficiency aspect of such users by proposing an algorithm that selects the most suitable BWP configuration: single numerology (a single BWP for all slices) or multi-numerology (different BWP for each slice) while taking into account multiple factors such as the battery level. This selection is done thanks to two approaches: a centralized one based on an optimization problem and a distributed one based on game theory
Boutin, Olivier. "Modélisation de conflits et calcul de bornes dans les systèmes de production par la théorie des dioïdes." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502840.
Point, Sébastien. "Les ressources humaines dans les rapports d'activité en Europe : apports des théories de la contingence du management et du management de l'impression." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LYO33030.
Kemmoe, Tchomte Sylverin. "Métaheuristiques, modèles mathématiques, modèles d'évaluation de performances pour le problème d'ordonnancement de projets sous contraintes de ressources." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21757.
Vincent, Marc. "Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Function Radar Resource Management." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS305.
In the wake of recent advances in the field of machine learning, much progress has been accomplished in one of its sub-fields, reinforcement learning, whose aim is to solve sequential decision problems under uncertainty. Radar resource management seems to represent an ideal application case for this type of technique. Indeed, a radar emits signals, called dwells, whose echoes are used to measure the state of surrounding objects; these dwells vary according to numerous parameters (duration, beam width...) and must be executed sequentially. The surveillance strategy of a multi-function radar thus consists in continuously selecting the dwells to perform, with the aim of searching the surrounding space while tracking already detected targets. The methods currently used to address this problem are largely heuristic, and are likely to run into difficulties in a range of complex situations involving hyper-velocity or hyper-maneuvering targets. First, we propose applications of reinforcement learning techniques adapted to the current architecture of multi-function radars. These contributions focus on two aspects~: dwell scheduling on the antenna using model-based methods, and active tracking dwell optimization using model-free methods. Secondly, we highlight the limitations of current resource management architectures, which leads us to consider an alternative architecture for which we propose new reinforcement learning algorithms designed to address the problems it raises.These contributions focus both on the multi-objective aspect, which is useful in multi-function radars to reflect the trade-offs to be made between different functions, and on the combinatorial aspect, which is due to the large number of tasks that the radar must carry out in parallel
Serin, Frédéric, and Laurent Villefranche. "Simulateur de gestion d'un terminal à conteneur : gestion distribuée des ressources." Rouen, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ROUES005.
Denancé, Victor. "Accompagnement du changement individuel et collectif par le développement des compétences." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20024/document.
This thesis focuses on the appropriation of new practices within organizations. This topic is analyzed through the lens of the developmental, cognitive and social psychological processes involved in the development of stakeholders' competencies. Our theoretical discussion presents the Lewinian approach to change management, several significant organizational change and organizational learning models, as well as a model of competencies analysis that breaks down stakeholder's activity schemes into operational invariants (i.e., what is held for true or relevant) and action rules (i.e., actions effecting the environment). A series of experimental studies reveals that the development of individual and collective competencies is facilitated when the learning material allows stakeholders to link the conceptualization of operational invariants to the production of action rules. These results are mostly explained in terms of the Piagetian concept of awareness. The contributions and limits of the thesis are finally discusse
Martineau, Régis. "La mise en usage des outils de gestion par la qualité par les professionnels de santé à l'hôpital : une approche par la théorie instrumentale." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR1005/document.
This doctoral work deals with the quality management tools’ use, by the professionals of health at the hospital. At the conclusion of a literature review concerning objects in the social sciences, we resort to a semiotic perspective of management tools. The tool, as a sign constituted by an artefact and a schema of use, is interpreted by the actors and so produces instrumental functions, planned or not planned by the designer of the tool. The chosen theoretical frame allows to understand the use noticed during a case study led within a C.H.R.U.. It allows finally to decline five ideals-types of usage: the application, the rejection, the movement, the diversion and the adaptation. For a better "management of management tools", it’s necessary to learn to recognize these types of usage and their causes
Van, der Yeught Corinne. "Les incidences du développement durable sur le management stratégique des destinations touristiques : une approche par les ressources et les compétences." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0037.
Tourist destinations are facing an increasingly competitive environment and in growing numbers they implement sustainable development strategies. This doctoral dissertation aims at explaining the reasons why they do so, and clarifying how sustainable development strategies may encourage the emergence of a sustainable competitive advantage in tourist destinations. To address these issues, the theoretical approach resorts to the competence and resource movement and on governance theories. The research proceeds through three distinct stages. First, it generates a methodology to design a sustainable strategic diagnosis of tourist destinations. The methodology is based on an original typology of the destinations’ strategic resources. Then, the research complements this approach by identifying the dynamic processes whereby core competences may be created in a sustainable tourism perspective. Finally, the research opens the governance “black box” of tourist destinations in order to analyze the decision making mechanisms typical of these heterogeneous organizations and to expose the learning capabilities that they generate. The set of theoretical proposals that follows the review of literature is then put to the test through three case studies and improved. The results show that under certain conditions the concepts of sustainability and durability are mutually reinforcing and these conditions are identified
Biot-Paquerot, Guillaume. "L'OFFRE DE FORMATION DES UNIVERSITÉS :UNE ANALYSE PAR LA THÉORIE DE L'ARCHITECTURE ORGANISATIONNELLE." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00111204.
Nous avons cherché à justifier l'existence des mécanismes de contrôle au sein des universités à partir de l'étude des droits décisionnels et de leur caractère aliénable, qui permettent de définir l'architecture organisationnelle à travers trois dimensions : la répartition des droits décisionnels, le système d'évaluation de la performance, et le système d'incitation.
Cette problématique trouve des éléments de réponse à travers quatre études de cas d'universités françaises, qui nous ont permis de tendre vers une généralisation analytique.
Weber, Gérard. "Un dispositif d'évaluation assistée par ordinateur pour l'encadrement dans la fonction publique d'Etat : une approche dynamique pour le management des ressources humaines." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR1001/document.
The modernization of the public sector requires an HRM accompaniment, for the evaluation competencies of the supervisory staff. This approach relies on the necessity of having an adapted management tool, requiring NICT, and allowing the aggregation of qualitative data. To achieve our objectives, we used an innovative, internal, interference engine based on artificial intelligence, namely the “fuzzy logic”. It would seem, at the conclusion of the realization of our Computer-Aided Evaluation tool, that it must possess particular qualities allowing it to carry out the most objective and fairest evaluation as possible. Its use in real conditions indicates that it must, to be accepted and an appropriation, at once by the managers and the estimated staffs, be credible and effective. The realized tests allow us to assert that the essential perception of its role, its utility, and its facility of use, are a necessity which will be the corollary of ensuring its continual existence
Safy, Fatema. "La relation entre souffrance et implication au travail dans le cadre de la théorie de la conservation des ressources : le cas d'une organisation médico-sociale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON30108/document.
The evolution of the work environment, work organization, and practices of human ressource management, introduces new pathologies work alongside the traditional pathologies so-called physical pathologies : there are mental pathologies. These are related to organizational or market constraints compared to traditional pathologies related to physical and material task's conditions. In this context of new forms of ill-being at work, the concept of suffering at work, "ghost" concept in management science, appears relevant because it queries the organizational functioning and the role of human resource management. This research has two objectives: contribute to a better understanding of suffering at work in producing a clear definition of this concept, and theorize the link between suffering at work and work commitment in defining how these constructs influence each other. Our research is motivated by the question : what relationship is there between suffering at work and work commitment ? To answer, we rely on conservation of resources theory. The results of this research show that suffering at work arises from a loss of organizational ressources causing an erosion of subjective resources that allow the individual to define himself, and creates a specific form of work commitment : the over-involvement. It is rooted in the suffering at work itself and it is guided by negative experiences of work forcing of negative feelings toward the organization
Idda, Corinne. "Caractéristiques biologiques spatialisées et influence des stratégies individuelles dans la gestion des ressources halieutiques : une approche par les jeux différentiels." Thesis, Corte, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CORT0004.
Much of the fishery resource is, to date, overexploited even endangered. It is therefore necessary to manage this resource to ensure the sustainability of the fishery’s economic sector. The aim of this work is to extend and complete the existing models in the literature on the topic which aim for analyze the effects of different strategies for resource conservation benefit of the fishery sector. Indeed, these studies suffer from two main limitations.On the one hand, they put forward mainly the biological characteristics of the resource in space and their works are generally limited to the determination of the fishing level which provides the maximum sustainable yield. However, from an economic point of view, these works are limited, as they do not take into account the strategic behavior between agents.On the other hand, concerning the management policies of fishery resources in space, a few studies integrate agents’ individual strategies to evaluate the impacts of these regulations on the stocks state. In addition, with regard to marine protected areas, existing works focus on the impact of such measures on resources stock and their approach does not allow evaluating the impact of the size of a marine reserve.It is therefore important to extend the analysis in two directions. Firstly, we will try to improve existing works on integrating fishermen strategies in an oligopolistic sector (market structure representing the fishery sector), while taking into account the biological characteristics in terms of dispersion, to investigate in which extent these aspects influence the preservation prospects.Then, we focus, in the same analytical framework, the fishery resources management policies to evaluate their effectiveness
Fourati, Kamel. "L'implication mobilisatrice des ressources humaines dans le processus de management par la qualité totale : cas de quelques entreprises en France, Algérie et Tunisie." Corte, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CORT1052.
Stéphan, Antoine. "Stratégies d’allocation des ressources et optimisation de solutions OFDM avec précodage linéaire pour les communications ultra large bande." Rennes, INSA, 2008. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00376631.
In this thesis, we propose a new ultra-wideband (UWB) system for high data rate wireless personal area network (WPAN) applications, based on the well-known multiband orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (MB-OFDM) solution supported by the WiMedia Alliance. In a first step, we analytically investigate the use of a linear precoded OFDM (LP-OFDM) waveform for UWB systems. The precoding function is then analytically optimized and different resource allocation algorithms maximizing the system range and throughput, and minimizing the system mean BER, are proposed. In a second step, a global UWB system approach is carried out, complementarily to the analytical study. Furthermore, a MIMO component is added to the LP-OFDM system in order to improve the system robustness as well as to provide a data rate of 1 Gb/s. System simulation results show that the joint use of MIMO and LP-OFDM schemes in UWB leads to a significant system improvement compared to the MB-OFDM system.
Jaïem, Lotfi. "Contribution à l'autonomie des robots : vers la garantie de performance en robotique mobile autonome par la gestion des ressources matérielles et logicielles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT338/document.
The performance is a multi-form concept widely defined in manufacturing robotics with specific environment conditions (static and perfectly known) and infinite energy).However, performance indicators proposed in mobile robotics are less widely accepted.We differenciate between main performance axes (energy, safety, localization and stability) and secondary performance axes (duration for example).In our work, we are interested on missions realized under duration, safety and energy performance constraints, in a known but dynamic environment.Applying the different constraints decomposes the mission into a sequence of activities realized under invariant constraints.Each one, can be realized by a set of robotic tasks (move, be located, analyze an image, etc.).These tasks can be implemented in various ways according to the different possibles actuators, sensors and algorithms configurations.The adressed problem is the following: how to choose the hardware and software resources to use along a mission while satisfying the different performance constraints ? It is a multicriteria knapsack problem known to be NP-hard, where the complexity becomes very quickly unexplorable.To propose and guarantee an applicable solution under real-time constraints, we used an algorithm allowing to find a set of good solutions in few iterations.The proposed resources management approach is implemented on a Pioneer-3DX robot using a control architecture based on the Middleware ContrACT.This approach has been validated on a patrolling mission travelling 200 m within the LIRMM laboratory during about 10 mn, to verify the state of valves.For the considered mission, the state space dimension is higher than 10^{14}.The hardware and software resources are dynamically and autonomously selected along the mission to satisfy the different performance constraints.If a resource becomes faulty and/or many obstacle avoidances occure and lead to performance drift, the developed approach finds on line a new resources allocation solution (if it exists).So this approach allows to enhance the fault tolerance of the robotic system
Kaoud, Menatalla. "Proposition d'un modèle organisationnel intégratif pour la gestion des connaissances clients : étude de cas approfondie." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT3001/document.
From a resource-based perspective, this thesis explores how the Customer Knowledge Management (CKM) can build an integrative organizational framework to improve the effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management (CRM). It presents a thorough empirical analysis on the management of customer knowledge flows within the CRM business processes and provides an integrative organizational model for the Customer Knowledge Management in order to improve its effectiveness. This model appears as an organizational sequence based on cultural, strategic, structural levers, customer knowledge management processes, and technological support In order to develop this model, this thesis was based on an in-depth case study at Deraya Insurance Brokerage company in Egypt. Deraya is a market-leader broker specialized in medical insurance that bases its competitive advantage on the services knowledge that it sells and the optimal ways to reach customers. This case study was conducted by a triangulation strategy of data collection (semi-structured interviews, observation, and secondary data). Validation interviews were thus conducted among multinational enterprises in various service sectors to examine the degree of applicability of the model in different professional contexts. This Integrative Organizational Model highlights the management efforts required to implement CKM Approach
Ho, Dinh Khanh. "Gestion des ressources et de l’énergie orientée qualité de service pour les systèmes robotiques mobiles autonomes." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4000.
Mobile robotic systems are becoming more and more complex with the integration of advanced sensing and acting components and functionalities to perform the real required missions. For these technical systems, the requirements are divided into two categories: functional and non-functional requirements. While functional requirements represent what the robot must do to accomplish the mission, non-functional requirements represent how the robot performs the mission. Thus, the quality of service and energy efficiency of a robotic mission are classified in this category. The autonomy of these systems is fully achieved when both functional and non-functional requirements are guaranteed without any human intervention or any external control. However, these mobile systems are naturally confronted with resource availability and energy capacity constraints, particularly in the context of long-term missions, these constraints become more critical. In addition, the performance of these systems is also influenced by unexpected and unstructured environmental conditions in which they interact. The management of resources and energy during operation is therefore a challenge for autonomous mobile robots in order to guarantee the desired performance objectives while respecting constraints. In this context, the ability of the robotic system to become aware of its own internal behaviors and physical environment and to adapt to these dynamic circumstances becomes important.This thesis focuses on the quality of service and energy efficiency of mobile robotic systems and proposes a hierarchical run-time management in order to guarantee these non-functional objectives of each robotic mission. At the local management level of each robotic mission, a Mission Manager employs a reinforcement learning-based decision-making mechanism to automatically reconfigure certain key mission-specific parameters to minimize the level of violation of required performance and energy objectives. At the global management level of the whole system, a Multi-Mission Manager leveraged rule-based decision-making and case-based reasoning techniques monitors the system's resources and the responses of Mission Managers in order to decide to reallocate the energy budget, regulate the quality of service and trigger the online learning for each robotic mission.The proposed methodology has been successfully prototyped and validated in a simulation environment and the run-time management framework is also integrated into our real mobile robotic system based on a Pioneer-3DX mobile base equipped with an embedded NVIDIA Jetson Xavier platform
Mazzilli, Ingrid. "Construire la GRH territoriale : une approche par les dispositifs de gestion et la théorie de l'acteur-réseau." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00910096.
Guillaume, Romain. "Gestion des risques dans les chaînes logistiques : planification sous incertitude par la théorie des possibilités." Phd thesis, Université Toulouse le Mirail - Toulouse II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00700518.
Gherra, Sandrine. "Intégration du développement durable dans la stratégie d'entreprise : une explication par la théorie des ressources et compétences et l'approche des parties prenantes.Le cas du secteur des produits de grande consommation." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX24019/document.
The purpose of this doctoral thesis is to explain the sustainable development integration variability by a stakeholders approach and resource-based theory analysis in the French mass market industry. The first step of the empirical study is based on a qualitative analysis of the « Club Déméter », a group of public and private actors working together on sustainable development issues. This qualitative study is conducted by of documentary analysis, 16 interviewsand a long non participant observation of a srnall group within the « Club Déméter ». With this first empirical study, we were able to precise the research model and to prepare the second step of the empirical study. The second step of the empirical study is based on a quantitative analysis of 188 firms within the French mass rnarket industry. This empirical study gave us the opportunity to estimate the quality of the measuring device and to test the research model. The results show a positive influence of stakeholders orientation, environmental management competencies, human resources management competencies, product eco-design competencies, eco-design of packaging that can be reused, simplified, end of life value added, and made with recycled raw material competencies, on internai environmental strategy proactivity. The results also show a positive influence of stakeholders orientation, human resources management competencies, and packagingmade with recycled raw material competencies on external environmental strategy proactivity
Jlaiel, Bouaziz Yosra. "Dysfonctionnements de la gestion des compétences dans les projets ERP en Tunisie : Une approche par la dynamique des systèmes." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/ederasme_th_2013_jlaiel_bouaziz.pdf.
Imoussaten, Abdelhak. "Modélisation et pilotage de la phase de délibération dans une décision collective : vers le management d'activités à risques." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2011. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00658558.
Mao-Wu, Jie. "L'impact des pratiques de gestion des ressources humaines et de management des compétences sur la fidélisation des jeunes cadres dans les firmes multinationales en Chine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM1071.
In the context of increasing globalization, multinational companies set up abroad have a real challenge at present and for the near future: how to attract and retain talent in a global competition. This is particularly crucial issue in China, in a context of rapid growth and of talent shortage. The rate of turnover in multinational companies in China is very high. The frequent mobility of young cadres moving between foreign companies is a real managerial threat. The objective of this research is to determine the best HRM practices, and especially, the practices of management skills that improve the loyalty of senior executives of multinational companies. The loyalty is translated by a low intention to depart and a strong organizational implication. Therefore, our research question is: What are the factors that influence on the one hand, the intention to depart of the young talents, and the organizational implication on the other?
Pottiez, Jonathan. "Évaluation de la performance de la formation en entreprise par une approche systémique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL12011/document.
Training has been for many years regarded as an important lever for the development of staff skills and thus, for the improvement of organizational performance. In France, it represents an annual expenditure of 26 billion euros, supported by public and private sectors, a major cost that encourages some actors to talk about « investment in training ». However, the evaluation of its real effectiveness and of its hypothetical profitability (as investment) remains an old debate, an unsolved mystery, some even calling it the « sea serpent of training ». However, the many issues and challenges that training is expected to meet, at least in part, again raise the question of its evaluation and the need to provide pragmatic answers, rigorously grounded in solid theoretical developments. This doctoral research is thus a contribution to the study of the link between training and performance using a qualitative method, in a small number of French SMBs. We will see that the theoretical models of training evaluation developed earlier mainly focus on training actions and programs, to the detriment of training policies and systems. This theoretical weakness leads us to formulate a research problem posing the question of training systems evaluation. The thesis aims to build a theoretical model for evaluating training systems, model built from a relatively comprehensive literature review and validated by the thorough and contextualized study of three training systems. This research will allow us to clarify the concept of « performance » of the training system by identifying its possible outcomes. Also, we will identify several organizational factors that can be catalysts or barriers to this performance
Poiron-Guidoni, Nicolas. "Apports des méthodes d’optimisation et du calcul haute performance à la théorie de la modélisation et de la simulation : application à la gestion des ressources halieutiques." Thesis, Corte, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021CORT0013.
The computer science project (SiSU) of the CNRS Science for the Environment Joint Research Unit designs decision support methods to help better management of complex environmental systems.This thesis work is part of this context. They aim to study the contributions of several types of computer methods to improve our knowledge of complex systems and thus provide assistance in their management in situations of high uncertainty. Indeed, complex environmental systems cannot always be known and modeled with precision. This is for example the case in fisheries biology where management methods must be proposed despite a lack of knowledge on the observed system, in our case study: the Corsican coastal fishery. Our first work focused on the calibration of models, i.e. the search for parameter values allowing our models to best represent the dynamics of the system. They have shown the limits of the usual approaches and the need to use probabilistic approaches based on large quantities of simulations. They bring a precious help for the acquisition of knowledge, in particular by delimiting sets of solutions. These sets can then be used in robust optimization methods, or even in adjustable robust optimization. These approaches allow not only to take into account the uncertainties, but also to quantify the reduction of uncertainty that new years of data can bring, in order to propose more and more precise strategies in the long term. Optimization can therefore be used effectively at the level of decision makers. However, the small-scale coastal fishery in Corsica is a system in which a large number of actors act with different behaviors that are difficult to predict and control. Optimization does not seem adapted to the study of this scale because of the quantity of parameters and the infinite number of stochastic transitions generated. For this, methods based on deep reinforcement learning have been proposed. These approaches allowed us to propose a model that manages both decision-makers and fishermen, the former seeking to reduce the ecological impact, the latter to maximize their gains. From this, we were able to show that little knowledge is sufficient for the maximization of the fishermen's gains. Moreover, this approach, coupled with optimization, allowed us to obtain efficient quota decisions. Finally, this system allowed us to study the impact of certain individual behaviors of maximizing gains to the detriment of respecting the recommendations of the decision makers. It then appeared that effective and adapted management policies can help to mitigate the ecological impact of a significant amount of these behaviors. Thus, we were able to contribute in a theoretical way to broaden the application domains of the theory of modeling and simulation, to propose a set of optimization and machine learning tools for the management of dynamic systems partially observable, but also applicative for the problem of fisheries management in Corsica
Le, Falher Olivier. "Mettre en forme le travail artistique : les ressources de l’incertitude dans l’accueil en résidence d’artistes plasticiens." Thesis, Avignon, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AVIG1096/document.
During the last thirty years, visual artists have had to familiarize themselves with a wide range of public support devices that operate long before the art works are completed and that are part of the creation process itself. This kind of partnership requires advance planning of the resources, the duration and the goals to be achieved, all of which seem in contradiction with the specificity of an artist’s work, where both the process and the final result are never entirely predictable. Can public support policies for artistic creation fit into this kind of uncertainty ? I answer this question positively, basing myself on a study of Artist in Residence programs for visual artists in France. Such programs are a typical means of socializing both the time and the space of an artist’s work. Thus I examine the artistic work by studying the documents which both shape and institutionalize it. Through the Communication Sciences, I first compare two official texts on Artist in Residence programs, and secondly I examine a corpus of calls for applications sent out to visual artists. In both cases I highlight the tension between two contrasting visions of artistic work. Either the artist is recognized for his experimentation and his research alone, or he is engaged for a commissioned work within a well-defined cultural program. In the third part of this study, I look at the Artist in Residence programs for visual artists in the city of Marseille. I examine the different mediations along the chain of artistic production, from the selection of the artist through to the exhibiting of the finished work(s), and including the commentaries around the project. We see that the uncertainty surrounding the artistic creation appears, in fact, to be a means for those in charge of these programs to share their expertise (and actively participate) within the period of time that separates the beginning of an art work from its finished version. This thesis, by associating the discourse analysis and the qualitative methods (observations and interviews), posits that the uncertainty discussed above is, in fact, a conventional, predictable and routine dimension of public support for artistic creation