Дисертації з теми "L'initiation de la maturation"
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Ying, Shiyu. "Régulation et rôle des facteurs de transcription de type ERF de la sous-classe E (ERF-E) dans la maturation des fruits climactériques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INPT, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023INPT0141.
Tomato fruit ripening is a finely regulated process with many well-known dynamic changes, from metabolites, color, and respiration rate to hormone level. As a climacteric fruit, tomato fruit experiences a developmental transition characterized by a burst of respiration at the onset of ripening and a rise in autocatalytic ethylene production. Ethylene Response Factors (ERFs) are end mediators of ethylene responses and members of subclade E (ERF.E) of this transcription factor family display remarkable ripening-associated expression patterns in tomato fruit. Notably, tomato ERF.E proteins are characterized by the presence of a consensus N-terminal motif, which has been identified in their Arabidopsis orthologs as the target of the N-end rule pathway under hypoxia. The first outcome of our study is to reveal that initiation of tomato fruit ripening is preceded by a dramatic drop in oxygen levels in locular gel, thus giving a solid physiological marker of ripening initiation. The study also unveils the function of ERF.E1 in tomato fruit ripening showing that overexpression of ERF.E1 promotes the initiation of ripening, by advancing both ethylene production and oxygen depletion event in the gel, compared with the WT and KO-erf.e1 lines. ERF.E1 positively regulates the promoter activities of key ripening genes, RIN and NOR, as well as the ethylene biosynthesis genes involved in System 2 ethylene production. In addition, the data show that ERF.E1 is regulated by hypoxia at both transcriptional and post-translational levels. Hypoxia conditions induce transcription of ERF.E1 and promote ERF.E1 protein stability. Overall, while the study unraveled the role of ERF.E1 in ripening initiation based on the analysis of ERF.E1 impaired lines are altered at the early ripening stages it also uncovered potential proteins interacting with the ERF.E1 network components
Abambole, Jean Gérard. "De l'initiation éducative." Bordeaux 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BOR21001.
Abambole, Jean Gérard. "De l'Initiation éducative." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602041f.
Meisch, Françoise. "Mécanismes moléculaires de l'initiation de la réplication." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077172.
My PhD focused on the molecular mechanisms governing initiation of DNA replication in vertebrates. I participated in the identification and characterization of origins of replication (ori) on 1% of the human genome. These ori have been identified in HeLa cells by quantification of short nascent strands, which are specific of replication initiation. We showed that a strong link exists between ori and CpG islands and that the association of ori with open chromatin marks like histone acetylation is dispensable for origin specification. Furthermore, no clear link emerges between ori density and the moment at which a genomic region replicates. I have also been interested in the licensing step which consists in the binding on the initiation sites of the Pre-replication complex (Pre-RC), in first place ORC (Origin recognition complex). Licensing takes place in the Gl phase of the cell cycle and only Pre-RC binding sites can be used as initiation sites. We chose to work with the avian DT40 cell line, able to perform homologous recombination at high frequency. I thus constructed cell lines which express tagged versions of the Orcl and Orc2 proteins and from the endogenous locus. I realized chromatin immunoprecipitations (ChIP) to identify their binding sites. We obtain small but coherent enrichments of Orcl at well known chicken ori. As these small enrichments complicate genome-wide approaches, we plan to repeat these experiments with elutriated cells in Gl phase in order to increase the ChIP enrichments
HOENSCH, MARLENE. "L'initiation dans quelques romans francais et africains." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030151.
Nguema, Ondo Jean Léonard. "L'influence de l'initiation traditionnelle dans le roman gabonais." Paris 4, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040060.
Influenced by traditional initiation, gabonese novels embodies the basic ingredients of the rites and beliefs of the gabonese people. Gabonese novels evoke common themes which reflect different fundamental aspects of gabonese culture and tradition. In some novels, the subject of social integration is illustrated as certain characters undergo rites of circumcision or "tchikumbi" which marks the passage from childhood to adulthood. On novels, the subject of spiritual purification in other, principal characters undergo an initiation into the spiritual or invisible world and a mastery of the art of magic. And lastly, some novels situate on the theme of sorcery whereby sorcerers indulge in self metamorphosis and anthropophagi. These eight literary works which embody our literature highlight important symbolic characters, transcendental environment and an initiation parlance which unveils the one hand the link between the gabonese people and the sacred clan and on the other, the dynamic relationship between the traditional belief system and Christianity presumably the largest religion in Gabon, a relationship initially confrontational and later constructive based on inculturation, tolerance, dialogue and acceptance and recognition of mutual differences
Laghzaoui, Ghizlaine Asmaâ. "L'initiation dans la littérature africaine : savoir, représentation, écriture." Lille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL30014.
The initiation theme is modified when it iq taken in charge by the writing. We certainly can recognize the initiatory scenario in its whole in the narration. Nevertheless, it seems that the writing vocation is at variance with the initiation one. In fact the ritual order of the transition between the childhood to the adult age is modified : the inversion wich affects it, leads to an unconfessed request of the childhood and the lost heaven. That is why the writing tries to rehabilitate in a hidden way a female face repressed for too long time. The myth request and the oral speech are only a meaning to refind the request of the mother. Therefore, more than a rebirth, it is basically an "inside birth" that the initiation claims throught the african literature
Huez, Isabelle. "Etude de l'initiation de la traduction du VEGF humain." Toulouse 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU30159.
Papadiamantis, Anastasios. "Maturation and ageing in biominerals with application to enamel maturation." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7155/.
Brunious, Wendell J. "Maturation of Practices." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2014. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1855.
Wang, Ling. "Mouse oocyte maturation: How similar is it to frog oocyte maturation?" Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27075.
Lazzarini, Nicole. "L'espace de l'initiation dans "Le Médianoche amoureux" de Michel Tournier." Metz, 1990. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/1990/Lazzarini.Nicole.LMZ907.pdf.
"Le Médianoche amoureux" is a collection of short stories and tales narrated during a night meal by Yves and Nadege, a married couple willing ton announce to their guests that they intended to separate. At the end of the night, after listening to their own tales, the two lovers have experienced a true initiation and cancel their plan. Those who are familiar with Michel Tournier's imaginary world have here another example of this theme in his work, though this initiation is here considered in its etymological and most profound sense. Space in Michel Tournier's work assumes a highly symbolical dimension and the text itself appears as a space designed for initiation. This dual concept of space can be examined in the light of recent research by psychologists and sociologists. The second part of the short stories and tales reports about initiations at the age of puberty and initiations to the world of knowledge and the sacred, set in a topologically and symbolical space. Yves' and Nadege's experience in "Les amants taciturnes" refers to these two types of initiation and is enriched in a space which has both topological and literary dimension. The midnight meal at sea is an opportunity for all guests to partake in the eating and the listening. Their guests offer various objects to the couple for them to reconstruct a space for communication that takes roots in the congenial space of the meal, the literary space of tales, and the topological space of the sea
Lopez-Schadeck, Joëlle. "L'initiation au mystère chez Flannery O'Connor : étude d'un récit parabolique." Montpellier 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000MON30062.
Friant, Sylvie. "L'initiation de la transcription inverse du retrotransposon de levure ty1." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997STR13149.
Muyt, Arnaud De. "Etude de l'initiation de la recombinaison méiotique chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112299.
Meiosis is a crucial step for organisms that reproduce sexually. It is a characterized by a single pound of DNA replication followed by two steps of chromosomal segregation. For this, specific events of meiosis need to take place. Among them, homologous recombination plays an essential role in numerous species, including Arabidopsis thaliana. Homologous recombination starts by the formation of DNA double strand breaks (DSB) generated by Spo11. In plants, AtSPO11-1 and AtSPO11-2, are the only genes known to be necessary for DSB formation. The main objective of my PhD was to isolate and characterise genes involved in DSB formation using Arabidopsis thaliana as a model. Simultaneously, analysis of new DSB markers, such as yH2AX and AtMRE11, was undertaken. In this work, studies of yH2AX and AtMRE11 immunolabelling showed that these proteins are localized on chromosomes during meiotic prophase l. However, they cannot be used as DSB markers since their localization is independent of meiotic recombination initiation. The identification of new proteins involved in DSB formation was undertaken by looking for mutants showing a typical Atspo11-1 phenotype among a saturated mutant collection of Arabidopsis (one mutation every 250 bp). Our results show that at least three new proteins, AtPRD1, AtPRD2 and AtPRD3 (for Arabidopsis thaliana Putative initiation Recombination Defects 1-3) are involved in DSB formation. Furthermore, AtPRD1, AtPRD2 and AtSPO11-1 interact in a yeast two hybrid assay, suggesting that a DSB formation complex exists in Arabidopsis. Finally, our screen provided new insights concerning the function of the SDS protein (Solo Dancers Azumi et al. , 2002) showing that it is required for partner choice during meiotic DSB repair (interhomolog bias) as well as ASY1 and AtDMC1
Fortin, Claire. "L'initiation à l'art contemporain : soutien à l'enseignement des arts plastiques? /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Lazzarini, Nicole BAUDE MICHEL. "L'ESPACE DE L'INITIATION DANS "LE MEDIANOCHE AMOUREUX" DE MICHEL TOURNIER /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1990. ftp://ftp.scd.univ-metz.fr/pub/Theses/1990/Lazzarini.Nicole.LMZ907.pdf.
Sagna, Karim. "Massa Makan Diabate au carrefour de l'initiation et de l'ecriture." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279858.
Souguir, Sabri. "Simulation numérique de l'initiation de la rupture à l'échelle atomique." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC1082/document.
In mechanical engineering, failure is a risk that must be anticipated and is still a threat for structures. The failure of pre-cracked systems occurs when the energy released by the propagation of the pre-existing crack exceeds a critical threshold (Griffith's energy release rate) which represents a property of the material. On the contrary, the failure of systems without pre-existing defects occurs when the applied stress reaches the strength, also property of the material. The existence of two criteria for failure suggests different driving mechanisms, which raises the question of intermediate cases with moderate stress concentrations. Different existing approaches are consistent with the two limit cases but there is no clear consensus in the scientific community.In this work, we study the mechanisms of brittle failure on the atomic scale in order to understand the underlying physical mechanisms. Macroscopic failure comes from the breaking of bonds at the atomic scale. We therefore use molecular simulation techniques to study the elementary physics of brittle failure initiation. Two types of atomic structure are studied. The first one is a triangular lattice toy model whose simplicity allows precise analytical interpretation of the molecular simulation results. The study is extended to a more realistic system: graphene. This material, which has a high strength and a rather low toughness in comparison, has one of the smallest process zones compared to other brittle materials, which makes it possible to apply the concepts of brittle failure up to the nanometric scale of molecular simulation. We first investigate the failure of materials at 0K. At this temperature, an atomic system is in static equilibrium. The breaking of bonds can be treated as instability. The analysis of the energy profile of the atomic system provides a means of identifying the mechanisms of failure. We show that we can identify failure initiation by looking for negative or zero eigenvalues of the Hessian matrix. The corresponding eigenvectors indicate the modes of failure and show the appearance of transition bands between motions of groups of atoms for intact systems, whose width recalls the size of the process zone, generally introduced in macroscopic theories of failure initiation. We also study the effect of defects on the instability modes and their degeneracy. This study provides a general technique to capture fracture initiation mechanisms irrespective of the stress concentration in the structure. We focus afterwards on finite temperatures. We study the combined effects of temperature, system size and loading rate. Starting from the kinetic theory, we identify general scaling laws providing a size-loading rate-temperature equivalence and relating the strength and toughness to the limit at 0K. The difference between the scaling law of strength and that of toughness lies in the fact that failure is not sensitive to the size of the pre-cracked system but to the number of crack tips. This indicates an essential statistical difference between strength and fracture failures which makes it possible to better understand the transition from one to the other.In order to better understand the transition between the two types of failure, we treat the case of elliptic holes with different aspect ratios and we focus at the same time on the effect of this transition on instability modes. We study in the last part the case of non-periodic structures with free surfaces. We determine the various parameters characterizing this situation and the effect of the presence of surface phenomena on instability modes
Nancey, Stéphane. "Rôle des lymphocytes T CD8+ cytotoxiques dans l'initiation des colites." Lyon 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007LYO10201.
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by unpredictable attacks of inflammation of the intestine, is thought to result from inappropriate and ongoing activation of the mucosal immune system driven by the presence of normal luminal flora occurring in a genetic predisposition. Sustained intestinal inflammation in most of animal models resulted from excessive effector function of Th-1 biased CD4+ T cells or deficient regulatory T-cell function. However, the primary mechanisms leading to initiation of the inflammatory process remain unclear. The aim of our study was i) to characterize immune cells that are involved in the initiation and in the control of intestinal inflammation; ii) to test the efficacy of the selective antagonists of the receptors of leucotrienes-B4 (CP-693,105) and to identify their potent mechanism of action. We developed several models of relapsing colitis based on a hapten (DNBS) or class I peptide (GP33) specific colonic DTH reaction occurring in normal and transgenic mice. We show that i) specific IFNγ-producing CD8+ CTL, without CD4+ T cell help, were colitogenic effector cells in these models, ii) colitis was initiated by the release of granzyme B by CD8+ T cells responsible for cytolysis of epithelial cells leading to damage of the intestinal barrier, iii) CD4+T cells as regulatory cells contribute to the control of intestinal inflammation and lesions in these models, iv) CP-693105 has beneficial effects on the CD8+T cell-mediated colitis in inhibiting the migration of effector cells into the colon. These data emphasize the unanticipated role of CD8+ CTL in IBD and suggest that CD8+ T cells may represent a relevant target for the development of novel therapeutics such as selective leukotriene receptor antagonists
Tiklová, Katarína. "Airway maturation in Drosophila." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Wenner-Grens institut, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-62419.
At the time of the doctoral defense, the following paper was unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 4: Manuscript.
Herbert, Mary. "Maturation of human oocytes." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362470.
Davies, S. "Oocyte maturation in mice." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377928.
Low, Nigel Murray. "Mimicking antibody affinity maturation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364567.
Voisin, Christophe. "Les tremblements de terre : de l'initiation à l'arrêt de la rupture." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00709781.
Chaumeret, Anaïs. "Temporalité de l'initiation des fleurs et contrôle de l'architecture de l'inflorescence." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN059/document.
Phyllotaxis, the arrangement of botanical elements around plant axis,conforms to a robust spacial-temporal pattern. It is primarily established atthe shoot apical meristem (SAM), the post-embryonic aerial stem-cellniche. Local accumulation of the phytohormone auxin locally triggersorgan formation at the SAM, while depletion of auxin in the surroundingcells creates an inhibitory field, where no new organ can be initiated.Growth constantly moves older organs away from the SAM, clearingspace for new organogenesis. This is a striking example of an iterative and self-organized process driven by inhibitory fields. Molecular and geneticmechanisms regulating phyllotaxis are now being identified, but mostly inthe context of the most common Fibonacci spiral. Whether or not thesame mechanisms explain other types of phyllotaxis remains to beexplored. We identified DRB27, an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant with astrong tendency to generate clusters of organs. This is reminiscent of thewhorled phyllotaxis, observed in almost all angiosperm flowers and insome shoots of unrelated species. Quantification of DRB27 phyllotaxisand live imaging revealed that clusters are not whorls but correspond toburst of organs initiating in crescent domains at the periphery of the SAM.Conversely, large crescent domains remain devoid of organ initiation.Organogenesis in these clusters violates classical rules of organ spacing inphyllotactic systems. Surprisingly, we identified two candidate mutationsaffecting the two abaxial regulators FILAMENTOUS FLOWER andMIR166A, which likely combines to produce DRB27 peculiar phyllotaxis.Since these genes are expressed in developing organs, it suggests non-cellautonomous feedbacks on phyllotaxis. We identify a series of anomaliesin DRB27 SAM, including abnormal patterns of auxin signalling,perturbation of organ boundary formation, modification of CLV3/WUSdomains and SAM geometry and increase in cell wall stiffness. Takentogether our data questions how lateral organ identity and developmentfeedbacks on SAM homeostasis and phyllotaxis patterning
Laliberté, Daniel. "Le catéchuménat, un modèle inspirateur pour l'initiation chrétienne des plus jeunes." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25347/25347.pdf.
The Catholic Church states that any Christian initiation should take as a model the process proposed for adults : the catechumenate. This thesis first situates the issue of Christian initiation in Québec today. It proposes an analysis of the different concepts involved, including the concept of “model”. Then, going through the history of the catechumenate in order to show the links between the main principles of the catechumenate of the first centuries and those that guided its restoration by the Second Vatican Council, it underlines the essential elements of a catechumenal process, and thus what should be present in every initiation process. A sociological reflection follows, examining the admissibility within today’s socioreligious context, of a new Christian initiation process. This leads to the formulation of some propositions concerning the global structure and the guiding principles of a renewed process for Christian initiation that would be clearly inspired by the essential elements of the catechumenate.
Lussier, Karine. "Caractéristiques familiales associées à l'initiation précoce à la consommation de psychotropes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/648.
Bertrand, Olivier. "Études des cibles moléculaires impliquées dans l'initiation et la promotion tumorale." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T004.
Guibert, Nicolas. "Validation d'une approche basée sur l'exemple pour l'initiation à la programmation." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT2341.
Although computers and programs have now become essential in experimental sciences as analysis or measurement tools, many students still find learning Computer Science is extremely difficult. Many studies have characterised the errors and difficulties encountered by novice programmers. The environments in use nowadays for learning programming are tools built in the unique perspective of development, and not in a pedagogical perspective. This “industrial” approach is often opposed to a genuine pedagogical approach, where the goal is discovery and acquisition of knowledge, and not the realisation of technical tasks. This thesis explores the use of an alternative interaction paradigm, “programming by examples”, to support the student’s active construction of viable knowledge, by the use of experimental studies led in a concrete environment, with an adapted programming by examples environment, engineered specifically for a pedagogical purpose
Morzewski, Christian. "Le Mythe de l'initiation thérapeutique dans "Jean le Bleu" de Giono." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376167061.
Gonzalez, Laure. "Implication de Ruvbl2/Reptin dans l'initiation de la réplication de l'ADN." Montpellier 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MON1T028.
Jaquet, Dominique. "Données traditionnelles et figures de l'initiation dans l'œuvre de René Char." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA040025.
René Char creates a poetics of mistery. Mistery is the base of poetic word. Mistery is obscurity, the poem is its lightning. For René Char the painter Georges de la Tour shows the lighted candle in the night. This is a symbol of way to words. Heraclites indicates the same candle on the side of creator. Rene char's poetry is an everlasting coming out of every dogma, out of all fictions and habits of schools, poetry is "un âpre ascétisme allégorique", an initiation, an alchemical experiment of symbols. René char's modernity grows in the metaphysics
Morzewski, Christian. "Le mythe de l'initiation therapeutique dans jean le bleu de giono." Lille 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL30015.
The aim of this essay, done from a mythological and ethnological point of view inspired by the studies of gilbert durand and mircea eliade, is to read jean giono's works (in particular his novel about childhood jean le bleu, but also a few pieces associated with it such as manosque-des-plateaux, le serpent d'etoiles, colline, triomphe de la vie, le poete de la famille and other short stories from l'eau vive) through the myth of therapeutic initiation. From the analysis of various schenes, archetypes, symbols and scenarios found in giono's texts and from their comparison with the ethnologic and mythological descriptions of initiation rites, jean le bleu seems to be a typical actualization through literature of the process of initiation to the gift of faith healing. The acquisition of that power as a poet-healer goes through different initiatory steps that have been studied in detail one by one - the discovery of the therapeutic power of speech, music, poetry and religion - the ordeals caused by illness, travel and initiatory retreat - the quest of a tutelary spirit and the learning of some "archaic techniques of ecstasy" - the revelation of the "song of the world" and of the sacred nature
Collins, Angela Joyce. "Maturation-related genes from eucalyptus." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365297.
Soegiharto, Benny Mulyono. "Skeletal maturation assessment in orthodontics." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2007. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445101/.
Haigh, R. M. "Urogastrone and fetal lung maturation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377734.
Dempster, Anne Margaret. "Endothelial influences on monocyte maturation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.425102.
Gaston, Vincent Arnaud. "L'initiation et l'au-delà : le conte et la découverte de l'autre monde." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA070078.
The folktale The bridge to the other world (T. 471) reveals how literature of oral tradition takes up a long heritage and adapts it to its structures. The oral literature retains the beyond's density of meanings and discoveries, and inserts one of its most specific theme : the initiation. The obvious contradictions between initiatory education and life after death, between the child and the deceased the magical links between the fabulous and the beyond turn the T 471 into an atypical and unique travel to the other world whose interest remains essential to understand how mankind, going through Death, thinks his life
Aït-Bachir, Malik. "Prédiction de l'initiation de fissures dans les élastomères par la mécanique configurationnelle." Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ECDN0017.
Predicting the initiation of macroscopic cracks under multiaxial fatique in industrial elastometric parts in an important unsolved problem. Prior works have shown how the initiation of macroscopic cracks can be rationalized in terms of the propagation phenomenon of microscopic cracks. In this context, the present thesis investigates the possibility of predicting the microscopic crack propagation phenomenon via analysis of a defect-free macroscopic continuum. An initial study atemps to apply the Eshelby Stress from configurational mechanics to the problem of predicting the plane of crack initiation. The prediction is made by searching for the material plane that experiences the worst virtual damage throughout the given deformation. Both the cases of isotropic and anisotropic hyperemastic materials are considered. The second study considers explicitly the mechanics of a small crack under arbitary multiaxial straining. It leads to a new understanding of the ernergy release rate of a small crack in terms of the banlance of configurational froces acting in the crack's near and far-field. The new understanding enables a proof that under arbitrary loads, the crack's energy release rate scale in proportion to the crack lengh. It is shown that the proportionality factor depnds implicitly on the far-field loading applied to the continuum. In the end, both approaches are compared and criticized
Tang, Jih-Chuan. "Modélisation numérique de l'initiation de la collision arc-continent : application à Taiwan." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5427.
Schneider, Sylvia. "La symbolique de l'initiation dans les oeuvres d'Alejo Carpentier et de MichelTournier." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100008.
A comparison of the works of Alejo Carpentier and Michel Tournier centered on a similar thematic : the symbolic of the initiation. The ontological concern in their texts transforms their novels in places of hidden metamorphoses of the human condition. One has to detect the extremely organized systems where the design is comparable to an initiator journey. This works proposes an analysis of the structural function in their narrations placed on the level of the composition (conceptions of the creations, forms of expression, stylistically comparisons) and of the invention (images, metaphors, symbols, myths). Through their quest of the supernatural and the fantastic real, the personages uncover their personal authenticity, they got the right to define themselves. We tried ti proof that this symbolic of the quest is nothing else than the apprenticeship of life and of solitude, a sketch of the search for themselves. It is an anthropological study of their crystalline and baroque writing
Vergé, Valérie. "Etude de l'initiation de la traduction chez Saccharomyces cerevisiae : rôle des IRES." Toulouse, INSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ISAT0018.
In eukaryotic cells, initiation is the limiting step of the translation. The majority of mRNAs are translated in a cap-dependant way, by recognition of the 5' cap of the mRNA. Another mechanism of initiation, called internal ribosome entry site (IRES), is cap-independent: the ribosome directly binds the IRES sequence on the mRNA, without needing capping of the mRNA. The purpose of this thesis was to isolate and characterise IRES sequences in yeast and to study the translation IRES-dependant of heterologous genes in vivo and in vitro. It could be interesting to use for an industrial project to develop tools for high-throuput screening of eukaryotic genes. Published IRES or sequences suspected to be IRES were cloned and tested for the cap-independent in vitro translation in yeast extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in vivo in S. Cerevisiae. The 5'untranslated regions (5'UTR) of mRNA of proteins YAP1, TF2D, HAP4, eIF4G1 and eIF4E, supposed to be IRES, were tested for in vitro translation of a reporter gene cloned downstream, using yeast extracts. In these experiments, none of the sequences tested functioned as IRES. To confirm these results, sequences of the suspected IRES were tested with the dicistronic technic for in vitro translation using yeast extracts: again, no IRES activity could be detected. A deeper study of the 5'UTR of eIF4G1, one of the most efficient IRES described in S. Cerevisiae, showed that this 5'UTR did not act as IRES but contained a promoter
Nguyen, Quoc Lan. "Instabilités liées au frottement des solides élastiques : modélisation de l'initiation des séismes." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999GRE10016.
BERTRAND, BURGGRAF ELISABETH. "Contribution a l'etude dynamique de l'initiation de la transcription chez les procaryotes." Strasbourg 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13006.
Curaba, Julien. "Contrôle de l'initiation des trichomes par les hormones gibbérellines chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Grenoble 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004GRE10212.
Trichome cells represent an excellent model to study the role of gibberellin hormones (GAs) on cell differentiation in Arabidopsis. Trichome cell initiation in leaf primordia depends on the GA-clependent expression of the myb gene GLABROUS1 (GL 1). The present work is aimed to study the molecular mechanisms of trichome initiation involved in the GA-GL 1 pathway, in both embryonic and vegetative developmental processes. In embryos, we show that the three transcription factors LEAFY COTYLEDON 1, 2 and FUSCA3 are involved in the regulation of GA biosynthesis. Ln lec1, lec2 and fus3 mutant embryos, the GA-GL 1 pathway is up-regulated which promotes ectopic trichome initiation on cotyledons. We show that LEC 1, LEC2 and FUS3 control trichome formation and cotyledon identity by repressing the GA biosynthesis gene AtGA30x2. Furthermore, the physical interaction of the FUS3 protein with the AtGA30x2 promoter suggests that this regulation is direct. During vegetative development, we have identified a potential regulator of GL 1, named GeBP (GL 1 enhancer Binding Protein). GeBP is the first member of a new gene family in Arabidopsis. We show that GeBP is a DNA-binding protein that directly interacts with the GL 1 enhancer and is located in plant cell nuclei. Reporter gene studies indicate that GeBP is expressed mainly in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and leaf primordia consistent with a role in GL 1 regulation. Ln addition, we show that GeBP transcript level is regulated by KNA T1, a KNOX gene expressed in the SAM and involved in the repression of leaf cell fate
Bertrand, Elisabeth. "Contribution à l'étude dynamique de l'initiation de la transcription chez les procaryotes." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602967m.
Salavati, Mazdak. "Studies on in vitro maturation of dog oocytes to improve maturation rate and development potentials." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/312054.
McPherson, Lindsay Rhona. "Energetics and maturation : tracking physiological changes through the maturation cycle of Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus L.)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=165271.
Meyer, Benoît. "Etude thermodynamique de l'initiation de la traduction et de l'élongation chez Escherichia coli." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAJ060/document.
Translation is an iterative process achieved by the ribosomal machinery. In Escherichia coli, the ribosome is composed of a large 50S subunit and a small 30S subunit (S being the sedimentation coefficient). Translation begins with the establishment of the interaction between the mRNA codon and the initiator tRNA anticodon. This interaction, under the control of initiation factors IF1, IF2 and IF3, leads to the formation of the 30S initiation complex (30SIC). Using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), we explored the thermodynamic landscape of all possible pathways for 30SIC formation. Based on affinities derived from ITC, we propose a preferred assembly pathway. Using cryo-electron microscopy, this knowledge was used to obtain high-resolution structures of 30SIC intermediates. Binding of the 50S is the last step for initiation. Using ITC, thermodynamic parameters were derived followed by the incorporation of an aminoacyl-tRNA. Lastly, we realized, using ITC, a comparative study of three antibiotics binding to the nascent peptide exit tunnel of the ribosome. This study leads us to determine the molecular forces involved in their interaction with the ribosome