Дисертації з теми "L'imagerie mentale"
Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями
Ознайомтеся з топ-30 дисертацій для дослідження на тему "L'imagerie mentale".
Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.
Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.
Переглядайте дисертації для різних дисциплін та оформлюйте правильно вашу бібліографію.
Mellet, Emmanuel. "Anatomie fonctionnelle de l'imagerie mentale spatiale." Paris 6, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA066621.
Повний текст джерелаOzel, Sylvie. "La relation entre la pratique sportive et l'imagerie mentale : le cas de la rotation mentale." Caen, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CAEN2070.
Повний текст джерелаMazard, Angélique. "Bases neurales de l'imagerie mentale visuelle : effet du contenu de l'image mentale et implication de l'aire visuelle primaire." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN3078.
Повний текст джерелаPierret, Anne. "Les potentiels évoqués visuels appliqués à l'étude de l'imagerie mentale chez l'homme." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T214.
Повний текст джерелаVellera, Cyrielle. "Rôle de l'imagerie mentale dans l'identification d'individus créatifs et dans l'amélioration de la créativité des utilisateurs." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENG013.
Повний текст джерелаAlthough co-Creation is a phenomenon increasingly present in various business practices, companies are often disappointed by the low effective creativity of "ordinary" users to generate ideas for new products. This doctoral research aims to answer the following general question: Can we improve the effectiveness of co-Creation processes with users? If the identification of creative users is a critical issue for businesses, then it is also essential to ensure stimulation of the creative abilities of the users enrolled in the innovation process. This thesis is interested in mental imagery, a phenomenon that has often been cited in psychology for its implication in the creative process. In this work three quantitative studies explore the relationship between the individual's imagery ability and their creative ability. The obtained results identify the mental imagery ability as a variable indicating the creative ability of individuals and thus constituting a potential element for identifying creative individuals. A fourth study shows that it is possible to impact, via instructions to form mental images, the mental imagery process that is implemented in the creative process, thus improving the resulting creativity. These results highlight mental imagery as an underlying mechanism of the creative process. Finally, a fifth experiment, more consistent in terms of the variables examined, studies the effect of two types of stimulation of imagery activity: self-Related vs. non self-Related imaging stimulation, and the presence vs. absence of mental imagery training. The study confirms the mediator role of mental imagery and highlights the favorable effects of these stimulations on the quantity, originality, perceived usefulness and the customer appeal of the generated ideas. The moderator role of individual variables - leadership and involvement with the product category - was also examined
Doiron, Viola. "Le traitement de résistances intrapsychiques par la technique de l'imagerie mentale : (une étude phénoménologique)." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0004/MQ28417.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRaîche, Gilles. "L'imagerie eidétique telle que mesurée par un choix forcé à une tâche de superposition mentale." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7801.
Повний текст джерелаMertz-Josse, Sophie. "Évaluation d'une contribution vestibulaire à l'imagerie mentale : imageries de mouvement passif et d'inclinaison de soi." Paris 6, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA066462.
Повний текст джерелаGérard, Jessica. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des réponses des consommateurs face à la contamination perçue : le rôle de l'imagerie mentale." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG017.
Повний текст джерелаIn most retail environments the customer is able to handle products, feel their weight and try them, in other words the customer has a tactile experience. However, this freedom to touch products has a downside. Indeed, even if the consumer likes to touch products, he refuses the same product if it has been handled by other customers. This ambivalence concerning touch is a major problem for managers in retail outlets. How is it possible to allow consumers to touch products while guaranteeing that they are devoid of previous contact with others? This dissertation focuses on the concept of product contamination. It aims to understand the variables that reflect the impact of perceived contamination on consumer responses. A first qualitative study examines the vision of consumers on product contamination. A second qualitative study focuses on managers’ point of view. These studies are then used as a basis for the development of a perceived contamination scale. Lastly, three quantitative studies compare the impact of two contamination’s cues. The results suggest that the consumer is more sensitive when a product contains a cue that it has been touched, as compared to their reaction to seeing someone touch a product. These findings show that mental imagery is an underlying mechanism contrary to need for touch
Le, Jean Savreux Dominique. "Mise en scène du point de vente et comportement du consommateur : une approche expérientielle par l'imagerie mentale." Thesis, Paris Est, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PEST3005.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of our research is to clarify the themes of reenchantment, dramatization and experience in retailing. They correspond to a diversified managerial reality and reveal the economic necessity to differentiate from competitors in ever increasing number. We have interviewed retailing specialists and consumers of two Toy retailers who have adopted opposite positioning : experiential versus functional. We have specified the French concept of dramatization : it is a global creation combining decor, scenario, actors, action, developments and coup de théâtre. This holistic view enables to include the variety of practices and to go beyond the equation dramatization = decor. We have highlighted that the consumer has a specific experience during the confrontation with the store dramatization. The main contribution of this design is to propose a new concept : the experience of visit, which describes the interaction between the consumer and the store dramatization. We have conceived a scale of measurement including five dimensions : exploration, conviviality,exception, surprise and enchantment. A prism shows graphically the scores reached by each of the five dimensions : for a retailer, it enables to measure his reenchantment level and to make comparison with competitors. The concept of mental imagery has been of great benefit for us. It is fundamental in the experiential perspective : among the sensorial modalities that act in the reception of experience, the consumer interprets the dramatization by the means of mental imagery.A quantitative study with consumers confirms that :- there exist significant differences between retailers for each dimension of the experience of visit, and for the characteristics of mental images produced by the consumer : number, number of congruent images and pleasantness ;- each dimension of the experience of visit has an influence on these characteristics of mental images ;- each dimension of the experience of visit has an influence on purchasing behavior : number ofpurchases and non planned purchases.Conscious that the return on investment is a main criterion for the managers, we have indeed measured the impact of experience production on purchasing behavior. Gathering the data in the store has revealed great interest and gives considerable support to the technical feasibility to test the store dramatization in situ. The results indicate that the experience of visit is favored by the store dramatization and has an influence on purchasing behavior. Managers should consider dramatization as a strategic means and try to control it and make it profitable
Gallina, Jean-Marie. "Développement des représentations et contribution de l'imagerie mentale dans le traitement de textes décrivant des configurations spatiales." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05H011.
Повний текст джерелаHow is it possible to conceive and imagine spatial entities, from discourse? this research aims to study the cognitive processes used in the representation of spatial configurations verbally described, and especially the function of mental imagery among these processes. Cognitive representations - whose existence and development whitin human cognitive system are supposed - are studied experimentally. This study allies developmental and differential approaches; we make the hypothesis that everybody uses mental imagery as a form of representation, with a variable efficiency, according to age and individual caracteristics. Moreover, thanks to some of its properties, mental imagery is a very important tool for the construction of spatial mental models. Subjects who are from 5 to 11 years old, have to deal with a text describing a route. Data have been analysed in order to estimate the caracteristics of mental representations build by a subject hearing a text, their evolution with age and the implication of mental imagery in their elaboration. The results evidence a development of the representations build by the subjects between 5 and 11 years old. Subjects first imagine the elements of the configuration, and finally, the representation of its spatial structure. Mental imagery seems to be involved differently according to the age of the subjects, and it appears necessary to distinguish several processing modules in visual imagery activity which can contribute, individually or in interaction, to the implementation of the representation of spatial configurations
Brochu, Valérie. "La thérapie par révision et répétition de l'imagerie mentale appliquée au traitement des cauchemars post-traumatiques militaires." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6446.
Повний текст джерелаKlein, Isabelle. "Etude anatomo-fonctionnelle du cortex visuel primaire au cours de l'imagerie visuelle : approche par imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112291.
Повний текст джерелаVisual imagery is a brain state that gives rise to visual experience on the basis of stored information, not current input from the eyes. Convergent results from psychophysical, neuroimaging and studies of brain damaged patients have shown that mental imagery shares many of the functional properties and cortical structures used in visual perception. However a fundamental question that remains unresolved is whether visual imagery shares the "low-level" neural mechanisms required to perceive the external world. We used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to detect and characterize the activity in the primary visual cortex (or area V1) during visual imagery. In a first experiment, we tested two general hypotheses: The first was that V1 is activated only when images with many details are formed and used, and the second was that V1 is activated whenever images are formed, even if they are not necessarily used to perform a task. The results revealed reproducible transient activation in this area whenever subjects generated or evaluated a mental image. This transient activation was strongly enhanced when subjects evaluated characteristics of objects, whether or not details actually needed to be extracted from the image to perform the task. In a second experiment, we tested the hypothesis that the orientation of a visualized pattern is directly reflected by the orientation of activity in retinopically organized early visual cortices. The primary visual cortex of primates, including humans, is retinotopically organized; the spatial pattern of light striking the retinas is physically preserved (with some metric distortions) on the surface of cortex itself. We asked subjects to view or visualize a flashing bar either vertically or horizontally. The results show that for most subjects, the topography of the activation produced by imagined stimuli closely matched corresponding cortical representations of the visual field. Although understanding the precise nature of neural mechanisms that causally link activity in area V1 to visual imagery requires further investigation, the present results provides strong evidence that visual mental imagery recruits the earliest stages of the visual system
Ardelet, Massieu Caroline. "Les parfums plaisants rendent-ils toujours les lieux et les produits plus attractifs? : Le rôle de l'imagerie mentale." Paris 9, 2011. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2011PA090082.
Повний текст джерелаKhrouf, Laamouri Lilia. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des réactions des internautes à l'atmosphère des sites web marchands : rôle de l'imagerie mentale." Nantes, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012NANT4022.
Повний текст джерелаThe purpose of this research was to contribute to the comprehension of web surfers' reactions to commercial websites' atmosphere by taking into account mental imagery's role. Literature from different research areas (Internet, advertising, psychology, etc. ) and two exploratory studies allowed us to construct a conceptual model and to propose research hypotheses. The validation of the conceptual model was made through the implementation of an experiment to which 400 web surfers participated. The results showed that mental imagery conveyed by commercial websites mediates the impact of website's atmosphere on web surfers' reactions. Specifically, it was proven that when websites were picture-based and perceived as interactive, mental imagery was enhanced. It was also demonstrated that compared to red backgrounds websites, blue ones lead to mental images that are more vivid and positive but less numerous and related to oneself. The impact of the color of websites' backgrounds is however moderated by web surfers' involvement toward the product sold. Finally, it appears that vividness/clarity and valence of mental imagery improve affective, attitudinal and conative web surfers' reactions. Quantity/ease of mental images' construction and their self-relatedness only can enhance some of them. These results led to the proposition of managerial recommendations and some suggestions for future research
Balbo, Laurie. "Les communications de santé : l'effet du cadrage du message et de l'objectif annoncé (prévention versus dépistage) et la médiation par la valence de l'imagerie mentale." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062097.
Повний текст джерелаPerron, Louise. "Effet de l'imagerie mentale sur l'anxiété et la perception de contrôle interne sur la santé des personnes atteintes de cancer /." Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/24265230R.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPerron, Louise. "Effet de l'imagerie mentale sur l'anxiété et la perception de contrôle interne sur la santé des personnes atteintes de cancer." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2005. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1326/1/000128415.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTaktek, Khaled. "Effets de l'imagerie visuelle versus kinesthésique sur la rétention et le transfert d'apprentissage d'une habileté motrice fermée chez des enfants de huit à dix ans." Acfas-Sudbury, 2005. https://zone.biblio.laurentian.ca/dspace/handle/10219/85.
Повний текст джерелаSauvage, Chloé. "Etude par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle de l'influence de facteurs intrinsèques au mouvement sur les activations cortico-sous-corticales lors de l'imagerie mentale." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/232987.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Merabet, Zennadi Manel. "Évaluation de la place de l'imagerie cérébrale morphologique et métabolique dans le phénotypage diagnostique et thérapeutique des TCA." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Saint-Etienne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023STET0061.
Повний текст джерелаThe most common eating disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa; they represent a serious public health problem with significant physical and psychological consequences. In the context of emerging precision medicine, various fields are increasingly turning to patient phenotyping to improve treatment and personalize healthcare. This research has focused on bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa, aiming to define the role of metabolic and morphological brain imaging in their therapeutic and prognostic pathways. Aims : Analyze the link between cerebral serotonergic activity and the efficacy of fluoxetine in bulimia nervosa ; Analyze the relationship between the morphology and function of the pituitary gland in anorexia nervosa ; Creation of an MRI atlas of the pituitary gland. We used positron emission tomography with the radioligand [18F]MPPF to analyze cerebral serotonergic activity in bulimia nervosa, and correlations with the response to fluoxetine, as well as voxel-wise analyses, were performed using SPM. For the study of pituitary gland morphology in anorexia nervosa, we manually delineated anterior and posterior lobes of the gland and conducted correlations with pituitary hormones. From pituitary delineations in control women, we created an optimized MRI atlas using a "lesion cost masking" approach with SPM. We found a negative correlation between BPND [18F]MPPF in the dorsal raphe nucleus (before fluoxetine) and the response to fluoxetine in bulimia nervosa. Significant differences in BPND [18F]MPPF were also observed before and after fluoxetine treatment in limbic regions among responders but not in non-responders. In anorexia nervosa, a correlation was found between the volume of the anterior pituitary and growth hormone. The MRI atlas of the global, anterior, and posterior pituitary showed good concordance and correlation with manual delineations. In the field of eating disorders, both metabolic and morphological brain imaging undoubtedly play a significant role. It helps unravel mysteries still surrounding the pathophysiology of these disorders. Our results also suggest the dorsal raphe nucleus activity as a biomarker for fluoxetine response in bulimia nervosa. As for pituitary volume, it appears to be a good marker of disease severity. Our pituitary atlas aims to eliminate manual delineations, providing a significant time-saving advantage in clinical research
Fathallah, Mohamed Oussama. "Réponses des consommateurs à une annonce évocatrice de l'odeur d'un produit : examen du rôle médiateur de l'imagerie et modérateur de caractéristiques individuelles." Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENG001.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis deals with the evocation of the smell of a product in advertising, an issue hardly treated by the specialists of the olfactive marketing who dedicated themselves on examining the influence of a real smell on the consumer's response. Nevertheless we notice, actually, that advertisements use more and more representations of the olfactive, further to the awareness of the importance of the smell for a polysensoriel consumer in search of emotional and sensory stimulations. An abstract frame of the olfactive communication by the only sollicitation of the sight is then proposed with the aim of explaining the efficiency of an announcement suggestive of the smell of a product by the mental images it arouses in the reader's mind
Guillot, Aymeric. "Règles et conditions de la pratique de l'imagerie mentale dans les activités physiques et sportives : Validation à l'aide de l'enregistrement d'indices neurovégétatifs périphériques." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10054.
Повний текст джерелаAssaf, Cynthia. "Générativité : nouvelle conceptualisation et examen du rôle médiateur de l'imagerie mentale et de la générativité situationnelle dans le processus persuasif prosocial : application au don du sang placentaire." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAG009.
Повний текст джерелаMany environmental and/ or public health factors lead to questioning the future of generations. Many plagues affect our society and are likely to influence future generations such as numerous degenerative or genetic diseases, cancers, blood and bone marrow disorders. However, an optimistic element has emerged due to the ability to collect placental blood and to preserve the umbilical cord stem cells of the newborn for subsequent grafts, less heavier than those of bone marrow. Communication actions would therefore be useful to inform parents of this possibility, raise awareness and encourage them to decide to conserve cord stem cells for the benefit of future generations. This need for communication as well as the concern toward future generations have drawn our attention to a concept that emerged from social psychology and has been recently introduced into marketing: generativity. Erikson (1950), its pioneer, defined it as « primarily the concern in establishing and guiding the next generation ». Our central research question is articulated as follows: How to construct incentive prosocial messages, favorable to future generations, - in our case the conservation of umbilical cord stem cells -, effective in influencing the attitudes and intentions of pregnant women by stimulating their situational generativity? The objectives of this research require, first and foremost, a crucial phase of better understanding the concept of generativity and its measurement. To this end, two preliminary studies (qualitative followed by a quantitative study) made possible to perceive the conceptualization, operationalization and measurement of this concept. A new conceptualization of generativity based on a situational vision, in addition to the dispositional vision of generative concern, is proposed. Afterwards, an experiment among pregnant women, potential decision makers in donating placental blood, highlights the role of mental imagery and situational generativity in the persuasive process, confirming the relevance of this new conceptualization. Finally, the results are discussed ; research perspectives are developed, particularly to overcome the limitations of this research
Sanchez, Velasquez Camilo. "Conception rationnelle d'un revêtement antimicrobien contrôlable basé sur des réseaux de nanofils d'argent : Une étude combinée de la science des matériaux et du marketing." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALI040.
Повний текст джерелаRelease-based antimicrobial coatings have been intensively investigated due to their potential to prevent bacterial infections via contaminated surfaces. However, owing to their uncontrollable burst release profile of antimicrobial payloads, their action may cause systemic toxicity in human cells and the environment, as well as rapid depletion of the antimicrobial pre-loaded compounds until the released quantities drop below bacterial sub-inhibitory concentrations, translating into poor biocidal activity over time. These limitations hinder their widespread application and emphasize the need for engineering strategies to develop novel antimicrobial coatings that incorporate controllable release systems. One way to address these shortcomings is with the development of on-demand triggered release systems. These platforms incorporate a stimulus-responsive material that undergoes morphological changes in response to specific stimuli allowing subsequent controllable release of antimicrobial payloads.This study primarily focuses on developing a comprehensive, step-by-step, rational design of a Joule-heating-triggered on-demand silver release platform based on coated silver nanowire (AgNW) networks. We present, for the first time, the use of these sorts of systems as stimuli-responsive materials, taking advantage of the network degradation pathways via silver atom diffusion from the nanowire surface when subjected to electrical or thermal stress. Here, the release of silver induced by Joule heating serves as an antimicrobial agent for on-demand controlled antimicrobial activity. In addition, we propose the use of a multilayer architecture as a configurational design for AgNW-based antimicrobial coatings with the aim of fabricating a multifunctional antimicrobial platform. This architecture enables the incorporation of a heat-based release trigger and storage capabilities within a unified all-in-one platform. A first demonstration of the concept is presented where a stable AgNW network is used as a heater element, and a sacrificial AgNW network serves as an Ag atom reservoir.Nevertheless, although current advances in nanotechnology open up new opportunities for engineering novel antimicrobial platforms aimed at preventing and inhibiting bacteria growth, nanotechnology-based applications are often perceived by consumers as risky for health and associated with high rates of uncertainty, hindering acceptance and adoption. Concerns about uncontrolled use may lead to negative mental representations and associations among users, shaping their response to such technology. Therefore, there is a need for a deeper understanding of the consumer decision-making process and individual information processing toward nanomaterials-based antimicrobial applications.On this basis, in order to get an in-depth understanding of individuals' behavioural intentions towards nanotechnology-based innovations integrating antimicrobial features, either controllable or not controllable, this work develops an original and comprehensive conceptual framework based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), but integrating more holistic and cognitive considerations and variables. Through this multifaceted model, the study aims to elucidate insight about the interplay of individual mental activity, in terms of mental imagery and memory associations, and the main variables of technology acceptance from TAM (perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use)
Molinaro, Corinne. "L'activité du système nerveux autonome, reflet de la charge et de l'imagerie mentales." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10130.
Повний текст джерелаTraverse, Elodie. "Mécanismes neurophysiologiques de l'imagerie motrice : effet d'une stimulation somatosensorielle associée." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK065/document.
Повний текст джерелаMental training, which involves mentally simulating an action without motor output, is an effective stimulus to improve the maximal voluntary contraction. If only the motor pathway is activated, an activation of the somatosensory cortex is observed despite the lack of afferent feedback. Indeed, the motor imagery task efficiency is based in part on an interaction between motor and sensory pathway. Thus, it’s seems reasonable to think that the addition of sensory afferent feedback during motor imagery could potentiate the motor imagery effects and thus improve motor performance. In our first study, we showed that the addition of somatosensory stimulation of Ia-afferents during a motor imagery task could potentiate corticospinal excitability. Our second study, however, did not show a better efficacy of a mental training combined with somatosensory stimulation compared to a mental training or a somatosensory stimulation training alone on the maximal voluntary contraction. Finally, our third study suggests that this apparent inefficiency of somatosensory stimulation to potentiate the effects of motor imagery may be partly related to a conflict between the activation of the neuronal network in imaging and the activation of cortical mechanisms following the afferents feedbacks induced by the somatosensory stimulation
Calmels, Claire. "Effets de l'entrainement mental sur la performance et sur le développement de l'imagerie chez les gymnastes de haut niveau." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100137.
Повний текст джерелаMental training is very important for high level performance. The aim of this study so to make an inventory of mental techniques used by elite gymnasts, to systematize them and to elaborate a mental training program. Then, this program is testes and we study these effects on the performance, on its regularity, on the imagery development and on imagery use. We also study the temporal parameter: mental movement times were compared with real movement times. Results show that the gymnasts, practicing mental training combined with physical training, improve their performances at two apparatus (bars and floor) and their imagery ability (visual and kinesthetic imagery, control) more than the gymnasts, practicing only physical training. This development depends on the age and individual imagery differences of subjects. We observe no important change in imagery use. We notice that the similarity between mental movement times and real movement times depends on apparatus and on the age the subjects. This similarity has no influence on performance but it's a good indicator of imagery control quality
Hone-Blanchet, Antoine. "Études des mécanismes d'action de la stimulation cérébrale non-invasive avec l'imagerie par résonnance magnétique : une perspective d'utilisation dans le trouble lié aux substances." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28114.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction Substance use disorders (SUD) is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder that is particularly difficult to treat with conventional treatment methods and relapse is frequent. Cravings are a critical factor in relapse and constitute an important target for abstinence. Noninvasive brain stimulation techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) have demonstrated interesting clinical potential in a wide range of neuropsychiatric disorders, including the decrease of craving in patients of SUD, when administrated to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). However, neurophysiological mechanisms of action of tDCS and rTMS remain largely unknown. Objectives The objective of the thesis is to characterize some of these mechanisms of action and put them in perspective of its potential therapeutic effect in SUD. Methods To investigate this, we conducted 3 studies combining tDCS or rTMS and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in healthy individuals and SUD patients. We combined brain stimulation with agnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), which allows to measure levels of brain metabolites within a voxel of interest, and functional MRI (fMRI), which allows to measure functional connectivity levels between cerebral structures. Results The first study combined prefrontal tDCS and MRS in healthy subjects. Results show that tDCS elevated brain metabolites n-acetylaspartate (NAA) and glutamine+glutamate (Glx) in the DLPFC and striatum. This suggests that tDCS has fast excitatory effects over the DLPFC and facilitates corticostriatal transmission. The second study replicated the same design as the first one, with tDCS combined with fMRI. Results show that tDCS elevated functional connectivity of the DLPFC with the striatal region, suggesting a fast excitatory effect of the corticostriatal pathways. The final study is a case report in which we administrated rTMS to the prefrontal cortex of a SUD patient. We gathered MRS measurements before and after the rTMS regimen. Clinical results show that rTMS decreased cravings for substances and anxiety symptoms. Neurophysiological results show that rTMS elevated levels of NAA and Glx in the DLPFC, striatum and cingulate cortex. These results suggest that rTMS has an excitatory effect over the DLPFC and its downstream targets, which may explain reduction of symptoms of SUD and anxiety. Conclusion Taken together, these findings suggest that tDCS and rTMS of the DLPFC have excitatory effects on the stimulation target and downstream structures. This suggests that tDCS and rTMS can modulate activity within prefrontal glutamatergic pathways. Such effects may explain reduction of craving in patients of SUD and support the idea that noninvasive brain stimulation has therapeutic potential in this condition.
Gerard, Jessica. "Vers une meilleure compréhension des réponses des consommateurs face à la contamination perçue : le rôle de l'imagerie mentale." Thesis, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENG017.
Повний текст джерелаIn most retail environments the customer is able to handle products, feel their weight and try them, in other words the customer has a tactile experience. However, this freedom to touch products has a downside. Indeed, even if the consumer likes to touch products, he refuses the same product if it has been handled by other customers. This ambivalence concerning touch is a major problem for managers in retail outlets. How is it possible to allow consumers to touch products while guaranteeing that they are devoid of previous contact with others? This dissertation focuses on the concept of product contamination. It aims to understand the variables that reflect the impact of perceived contamination on consumer responses. A first qualitative study examines the vision of consumers on product contamination. A second qualitative study focuses on managers’ point of view. These studies are then used as a basis for the development of a perceived contamination scale. Lastly, three quantitative studies compare the impact of two contamination’s cues. The results suggest that the consumer is more sensitive when a product contains a cue that it has been touched, as compared to their reaction to seeing someone touch a product. These findings show that mental imagery is an underlying mechanism contrary to need for touch