Статті в журналах з теми "Korean arbitration law"

With the continued growth of international and cross border trade, there has also been an exponential growth in the use of international arbitration as a dispute resolution mechanism. However, there are unfortunately still many instances in which a party breaches an arbitration agreement and brings a claim in another forum and jurisdiction causing a significant time and cost burden to the other party. One of the possible deterrents of such behaviour is the ability in some jurisdictions to bring a damages claim against the party that breaches the arbitration agreement. Civil and common law jurisdictions have sometimes had different approaches to whether such a claim was possible. Korean law has very limited jurisprudence in relation to this issue despite Korean companies being one of the leading users of international arbitration and Korean law frequently applied in arbitrations. This article assesses how Korean law should deal with a damages claim for breach of an arbitration agreement by examining other civil and common law jurisdictions, namely Germany and England, as well as Korean law on damages. The article concludes that a claim for damages for a breach of an arbitration agreement is possible and the traditional Korean view that arbitration agreements are of purely procedural in nature and have no substantive rights and obligations arise from them does not fit with the realities of international commercial transactions and the parties’ intentions. international commercial arbitration, breach of arbitration agreement, damages claim, Korean law, civil law jurisdiction

Abstract The settlement of commercial disputes by commercial arbitration is gradually becoming popular in the business community. In the course of economic integration, Vietnam has acknowledged the role of arbitration and attempted to develop its arbitration legal framework in compliance with international practices. However, Vietnam’s arbitration system still faces various issues and thus, has required further reform. There are often cancellations of the referee’s decision, the procedure to cancel the award often lacks clarity, and the venue for the arbitration center’s dispute to be resolved is limited. In addition, the management, quality assessment and training of arbitrators is one of Vietnam’s problems. In Asia, Korea is known as one of the most pro-arbitration jurisdictions in the region. Since the adoption of the Arbitration Act in 1966 that governs both domestic and international proceedings, the Korean arbitration legal framework has always been kept consistent with generally accepted international practices. Recently, the Korean government has introduced an action plan to further promote the robust development of the commercial arbitration industry over the five-year period, from 2019 to 2023, and the goal is to turn Korea into one of five countries that have the world’s best arbitration system. Given the close cultural background and integration strategy of Vietnam and Korea, it is believed that the Korean experience can serve as a good reference for Vietnam in developing commercial arbitration law and policy. This paper begins with analyzing the background of the Vietnamese arbitration system and highlighting some limitations of Vietnamese arbitration. It then switches to the Korean arbitration system and development plan on promotion of dispute settlement by arbitration. The paper focuses on analyzing four main strategies that would: (1) strengthen the foundation of the arbitration industry; (2) activate domestic arbitration; (3) secure competitiveness in the arbitration industry; (4) expand the attraction of international arbitration. The Korean action plan can suggest some interesting strategies for Vietnam to further strengthen its commercial arbitration system.

It is a hot topic in China in recent years among arbitration scholars and practitioners whether Chinese parties may submit their disputes with no foreign element to a foreign arbitral institution. The ruling made by the No. 2 Intermediate People's Court of Beijing on 20 January 2014 refusing the recognition and enforcement of an arbitration award made by the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board raised public concern over the issue again. This is the first arbitration award made by the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board denied recognition and enforcement in China and also the first foreign arbitration award denied recognition and enforcement in China on the basis of the fact that the Chinese parties submitted their dispute with no foreign element to a foreign arbitral institution, which will have significant implications for arbitration development in China.

South Korea has amended its national arbitration law, effective as of 30 November 2016. Many of the changes are adopted or adapted from the 2006 Model Law Amendments, while others clarify, simplify, or improve on the prior status quo. The amendments include, among other changes: establishing the enforceability of interim awards, relaxing the ‘writing’ requirement for valid arbitration agreements, improving the procedures for court-assisted evidence-taking, and revising the definition of ‘arbitration’ to expand the scope of arbitral disputes.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide Korean merchants and practitioners who are not English native speakers with the practical advices and suggestions in drafting arbitration agreements. Design/methodology/approach – The doctrine of separability of arbitration and the competence-competence principle are studied based on the rules of international conventions and internationally recognized arbitral institutes. In addition, the laws of two common law jurisdictions, which are the USA and the UK are discussed with the Korean arbitration law, which follows the civil law system. This study also includes analysis of cases in order to show application of these two principles to practice and to give practical advices and implications to practitioners. Findings – Most national legislatures and jurisdictions approve the doctrine of separability of arbitration agreement and the competence-competence principle under international commercial arbitration. When there is a dispute regarding the existence or the validity of arbitration agreement, it is determined based on the prima facie test without being affected by the main contract in which the arbitration agreement is inserted. In practice, however, there are many occasions where the arbitration agreements are void or inoperable because of its contents. Many practical advices and suggestions are provided. Originality/value – This paper analyzes arbitration agreements which are used in practice so that it provides many practical advices to practitioners in terms of legal effects of languages and linguistic use.

In July 2019, Japan introduced measures tightening export restrictions to South Korea on three chemicals critical to the manufacture of consumer electronics. The restrictions prompted an animated response by the Korean government that has included WTO consultations and threats to terminate an intelligence-sharing agreement with Japan. Meanwhile, the controversy has filtered down to the public with boycotts of Japanese products in Korea. Tension between the states has been unusually high since late 2018 when the Korean Supreme Court affirmed a judgment against Japanese companies accused of forcing Korean nationals to labour for them during Japan’s colonial rule. Japan argues that such claims are precluded by a 1965 treaty normalizing post-war relations. While Japan states that its trade restrictions were not motivated by the judgment, the disputes have together contributed to the worst breakdown in cross-border relations in five decades. This article evaluates Korea’s trade claims against Japan, means of resolving them, and the challenges that the claims face in the WTO dispute settlement system. The article also considers claims from the Japanese side through the International Court of Justice (ICJ), inter-state arbitration, and investor-state dispute settlement. We conclude that formal mediation offers an effective means to facilitate negotiations and centralize the WTO and other treaty disputes in a single forum involving multiple stakeholders. WTO, Japan, Korea, ISDS, mediation, arbitration, export, international trade law, investment treaties

AbstractThis paper considers the international legal implications of certain civil lawsuits that recently resulted in Japanese companies being ordered to pay compensation to Korean victims of forced labour, focusing specifically on whether investor-state arbitration could provide a means of redress against judgments affecting those companies. After identifying the jurisdictional hurdles that those companies might face were they to challenge those judgments before an Arbitral Tribunal, this paper explores the most relevant treaty protection disciplines that could be relied upon in bringing such challenges, and discusses the remedies that a competent Arbitral Tribunal could prescribe were it to find that those judgments were not in conformity with Korea's international obligations. Building on existing jurisprudence, this paper shows that investment arbitration may provide a means for offsetting the adverse consequences of Korean forced labour litigation, but also highlights a number of difficulties that the Japanese companies would face in pursuing such an avenue.

The Republic of Korea adopted the 1970 Convention on the Means of Prohibiting and Preventing the Illicit Import, Export and Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property on 14 February, 1983. The Convention has some disadvantages in that its scope does not cover the cultural properties stolen from Korean territory during the Japanese colonial era, which lasted from 1910 to 1945, and the Korean War from 1950 to 1953 because it cannot be retroactively applied to cultural properties stolen during these years, and it falls within the field of public international law. Hence, in order for the Korean government and the legal community to seek more effective methods of restitution of cultural properties stolen during these periods, alternative legal tools need to be discussed. Some good examples include the donation or purchase of stolen cultural property, arbitration of disputes over the restitution of cultural property, bilateral international instruments concerning the restitution of cultural property, and the restitution of stolen cultural property though the application of foreign domestic public law or private international law. In particular, the main focus of this article is on the restitution of stolen cultural property though foreign domestic public law or private international law. At the beginning of the article, it is illustrated where overseas Korean cultural properties are located. The article then delves into why the focus is on the restitution of stolen cultural property though the application of foreign domestic public law or private international law. Three examples are discussed based on these scenarios. The article concludes by looking at the lessons learned from these cases and the challenges that the Korean government and legal community are likely to face.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze provisions which are related to court’s intervention over an arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction under the revised Korean Arbitration Act (2016) and the UNCITRAL Model Law. Design/methodology/approach The author studies a theory about court’s intervention over an arbitral tribunal’s jurisdiction by studying some scholarly writings and compares the revised provisions in the KAA (2016) with those in the KAA (2010) and the UNCITRAL Model Law (2006). Findings There is no clear and internationally unified answer to which theory between the prima facie test and the full review test is appropriate for court’s intervention to arbitration. The analysis of the provision shows that the revised ones in the KAA (2016) will make arbitration to be conducted faster and more efficiently by giving practical answers to issues raised. Research limitations/implications It has been just over one year since the KAA (2016) became effective, so it limits evaluation on whether these revised provisions related to court’s intervention over jurisdiction of arbitral tribunal is successful or not. Originality/value This study is comparatively new one after the KAA (2016) became effective. So, it is expected to provide a guidance for further studies.

The article explores the provisions on prescription under four civil law jurisdictions – Switzerland, Germany, Austria and Korea – in view of interruption or suspension of prescription effected by initiation of arbitral proceedings. It scrutinizes in particular whether and how a claim filed before an arbitral tribunal that lacks jurisdiction could be effectively supplemented by a subsequent filing in view of saving the claim from lapse of prescription.

Abstract Two recent cases, Tennant Energy v Canada and Elliott Associates v Korea, demonstrate an emerging yet unresolved applicable law issue in investment arbitration: whether a local personal data protection law should be applied in the absence of parties’ choice. This articlexplores this issue from three different dimensions: (i) the relevant law applicable to an arbitration (eg treaties and arbitration rules); (ii) the connecting factors between an arbitration and local data protection law; and (iii) the immunities or privileges, if any, under public international law. It proposes that the connecting factors between an arbitration and a local personal data protection law should be considered with the privileges and immunities under public international law. This proposed approach can provide predictability and certainty to the applicable law. Importantly, it can also protect the integrity and impartiality of an investment arbitration from the impacts of local laws.

More than one-third of all international arbitration cases filed these recent years have involved issues of non-signatories, groups of companies or groups of contracts. The scenarios are diverse, but they frequently involve one of the following questions: is it possible to join and decide together in one arbitral procedure all the disputes which arise from the various contracts relating to the same project or to decide under the arbitration clause contained in one contract disputes arising under one or more related agreements; or in the context of a group of companies, whether one or more entities which belong to the group may be properly considered to be parties to the arbitration agreement even though they have not signed formally the contract containing the arbitration clause. The present article analyses published decisions rendered on these issues in selected Asian countries, namely, Singapore, Mainland China, Hong Kong, India, South Korea, Malaysia, and Japan.

This article is a study of issues of state immunity in international private transport law. The article as a whole is of an overview nature and will be useful for further research in this area. The author explores the legal regulation of the issue in countries such as Germany, Spain, Hong Kong, North Korea, Ukraine, Norway, Turkey. The paper also examines the development trends of the doctrine of the immunity of a foreign state abroad as a whole, highlights general and special features in the legislative regulation of the immunity of a foreign state in the above countries, and also provides and analyzes relevant judicial practice. In addition, the author explores the issue of jurisdictional immunity in the field of transport law, as well as the question whether it is necessary to involve the state in international commercial arbitration, and concludes that there are no obstacles to the participation of states in arbitration, as the very signing by the state of an arbitration clause means the state’s voluntary renunciation of jurisdictional immunity. In conclusion, based on the analysis, the author formulates some general trends in the legal regulation of foreign immunity abroad. Based on the analysis, it is also concluded that in foreign countries, for the most part, there is no legislative regulation of issues of jurisdictional immunity in international private law.

AbstractOn 12 July 2016, the Arbitral Tribunal formed under Annex VII of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea issued its decision on the proceeding brought by the Philippines against China relating to certain activities in the South China Sea. The Tribunal’s decision was hotly anticipated as it dealt with various important issues relating to law of the sea and the interpretation of the Convention. It dealt with issues including the jurisdiction of the Tribunal, the legal status of maritime features, historic rights, and duty to preserve the marine environment. Although it remains to be seen whether states will follow the Tribunal’s precedent, questions arose on whether such precedent can be applied to other unresolved issues in other parts of the world. This paper looks at the application of the precedent established by the South China Sea arbitration to the situation involving Dokdo between Korea and Japan.

Considering the possibility of using artificial intelligence in resolving legal disputes is becoming increasingly popular. The authors examine whether soft ware analysis can be applied to resolve a specific issue in investment disputes - to determine the applicable law to the substance of the dispute and highlight the application of artificial intelligence in the area of law, especially in predicting the outcome of a dispute. The starting point is a sample of 50 arbitral awards and the results of previously conducted research. It has been confirmed that soft ware analysis can be useful in decision-making processes, but not to the extent that arbitrators could exclusively rely on it. On the other hand, the development of an algorithm that would predict applicable law for different legal issues required a much larger sample. We also believe that the existence of different legal and factual circumstances in each case, as well as the personality of the arbitrator and arbitral/judicial discretion are limitations of the application of artificial intelligence in this area.

This study aims to examine the judges' considerations in the Supreme Court Decision Number 3071 K/PDT/G/2013 related to the sharia economic dispute over the financing agreement of the Musyarakah checking account and the juridical implications of the cancellation of the deed to the parties. The research method used is a normative juridical legal research. Data collection techniques were carried out by means of library research and interviews. The results of this study concluded that the Panel of Judges did not provide any considerations in declaring that the Basyarnas decision was a non-executable decision, so that the panel's considerations is doubted and hence, should be corrected. Dispute resolution, in the case of annulment of the decision of the arbitration body (in this case Basyarnas), is a dispute that is decided according to law which cannot be arbitrated (non-arbitrable). The legal implications as a result of the cancellations and cancellations made by the parties concerned, the notarial deed which only has the power of proof as an underhand deed, the notarial deed which is canceled by the parties themselves, shall come into effect as of the date of the signing of the cancellation by the parties concerned, the agreement signed by the parties concerned. There has never been and it is the obligation of the parties to return the situation as before.

This article uses the history of partition to assess when self-determination became a rule of customary international law prohibiting partition as a method of decolonization. In so doing it revisits the partitions of Indochina, Korea, India, Palestine, Cyprus, South Africa, and South West Africa, and explains that UN practice underwent a transformation when the UN General Assembly opposed the United Kingdom’s partition proposals for Cyprus in 1958. Two years later, the UN General Assembly condemned any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of a country in Resolution 1514 (1960). The illegality of partition under customary international law was raised during the second phase of the South West Africa Cases (1960–1966) in respect of South Africa’s homelands policy, but the International Court of Justice (ICJ) infamously did not address the merits of those cases. The illegality of partition was also raised in the arbitration between the United Kingdom and Mauritius over the establishment of the British Indian Ocean Territory in 1965. Like the ICJ in the South West Africa Cases, the Arbitral Tribunal decided that it did not have jurisdiction to address the legality of the British excision of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius, even though the legality of the excision was argued at length between counsels for Mauritius and the United Kingdom in their oral pleadings and written statements. However, in their joint dissenting opinion, Judge Rüdiger Wolfrum and Judge James Kateka expressed their opinion that self-determination had developed before 1965, and that consequently the partition was unlawful. This paper agrees that selfdetermination prohibited the partition of Mauritius to establish the British Indian Ocean Territory, a new colony, in 1965 although self-determination probably did not emerge as a rule of customary international law until the adoption of the human rights covenants in 1966, after the excision of the Chagos Archipelago in 1965, but before the passage of the Mauritius Independence Act in 1968.

In an attempt to overcome the current WTO Appellate Body crisis, a number of WTO Members agreed to participate in the Multi-Party Interim Appeal Arbitration Arrangement pursuant to Article 25 of the Dispute Settlement Understanding (MPIA). The majority of the WTO Members have not yet agreed to participate in the MPIA have been attempting to assess the effectiveness of the MPIA in meeting their interests. This leads to the question as to whether the MPIA can serve as the temporary solution for the Appellate Body crisis. Is it a practically effective mechanism for dispute resolution, or is it simply a political declaration by MPIA participants that they stick to the two-tier dispute settlement system? To respond to these questions, this article analyses the legal basis of the MPIA and its negotiating history. This article also addresses the differences between the appeal mechanisms provided for in the MPIA and the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) and provides a conceptual discussion with regard to the legal nature of the MPIA. Finally, the article identifies the main advantages and drawbacks of MPIA. It should be taken into account that the effectiveness of the MPIA will only be assessed when any of the disputes submitted for consideration under the MPIA rules is resolved. WTO Anti-Dumping Agreement, WTO Panels, Constructed Value, CV Profit, USDOC, Anti-Dumping Investigation, US – OCTG (Korea), Reform, Best Information Available

تأسست مدرسة النجف الأشرف على يد الشيخ أبي جعفر الطوسي (ت460 هـ) في العصر العباسي الثاني، وهو من أساطين المفسرين, ولا غرو أن تبتنى هذه المدرسة على مدرسة الكوفة التي مهدت لبناء الأسس التفسيرية على يد وصي خاتم الأنبياء عليهما صلوات الله، إذ امتد ذلك الشعاع المنير إلى حواضر عربية أخرى( ). وهذا لا يتنافي مع كون الرسول الأكرم f هو المفسر الأول, إذ إن التفسير كان في مرحلة التلقي, وإنما تبلورت المرحلة التأسيسية لعلم التفسير على يد أمير المؤمنين علي بن أبي طالب a( ), بعد أن قبض الرسول الأكرم f وصارت الحاجة ملحة لتطوير العلوم الإسلامية، ثم تحركت عجلة الاجتهاد في عصر التابعين وما بعده وارتبط ذلك بالواقع المعاش وكانت عامة بصورة تعيش أزمة المخاض على صعيد المحور البنيوي الذاتي لتطوير حركة التنظير المنهجي للعلوم الإسلامية لمواكبة الواقع العملي والتطبيقي نتيجة التحولات الجوهرية على مستوى البنى الفكرية والاجتماعية والثقافية والسياسية والاقتصادية، وذلك لجعل معايير وضوابط لتلك التطبيقات وتوظيفاتها, فتبلور محور يمحص النظر في العلاقات المتعددة بين العلوم الإسلامية وتوظيفها, وكان علم التفسير من السعة ما يمكنه أن يكون ساحة تتمثل فيها صورة للتكامل بين العلوم الإسلامية, ومع أن التفسير قديم النشأة, وقد أعطى أمير المؤمنين علي بن أبي طالب a الخطوط العامة لأسسه, ولكن لم تكن المبادئ تضبط في مدون خاص ليبرز بين غيره من العلوم له مبادؤه الخاصة وضوابطه الحاكمة على الأداء التفسيري, وحيث لا يمكن الجزم بحصر دواعي ميول المفسر بميول مذهبية معينة أو دواعي اجتهادية استند إليها, مع احتمال بعض الآيات لأكثر من معنى( ), ولم يتمحور التنظير لقواعد خاصة بالتفسير في مدونٍ خاصٍ إلاّ في غرة القرن السادس الهجري وذلك على يد الراغب الأصفهاني (ت502هـ) كمقدمة لكتابه "جامع التفاسير", (وكان ذلك أول الإرهاصات في تدوين الأسس المنهجية لتفسير النص القرآني, ثم تلتها عدة محاولات لم تنهض إلى المستوى التنظيري الذي تتطلبه أهمية التفسير وقدسية مادته, إذ انتظم جملة وافرة من مبادئ هذه الأسس, وقد بنى عليها الكثير من القواعد المعززة بالشواهد في تفسيره, مطبقاً كلياتها على جزئيات عمله كمفسر)( ), ثم يأتي بعده سليمان بن عبد القوي الطوفي (ت716هـ) في كتابه الإكسير في علم التفسير, عرض فيه لبيان جملة من المبادئ المهمة للتفسير, إلاّ أنه أولى المباحث البلاغية جلّ اهتمامه, وذلك أنهم استشعروا الحاجة إلى ذلك, قال الطوفي: (فإنه لم يزلْ يتلجلجُ في صدري إشكال علم التفسير، وما أطبق عليه أصحاب التفاسير، ولم أر أحدًا منهم كشفه فيما ألَّفه، ولا نحاه فيما نحاه، فتقاضتني النفس الطالبة للتحقيقِ، الناكبةُ عن جمرِ الطريقِ؛ لوضع قانونٍ يعوَّلُ عليه، ويصار في هذا الفنِّ إليه، فوضعت لذلك صدرَ هذا الكتاب، مُرْدِفًا له بقواعدَ نافعةٍ في علم الكتابِ، وسميتُه الإكسير في قواعد علم التفسير، فمن ألَّفَ على هذا الوضعِ تفسيرًا، صار في هذا العلمِ أوَّلاً وإن كان أخيرًا، ولم أضع هذا القانون لمن يجمدُ عند الأقوالِ، ويصمدُ لكلِّ من أطلق لسانَه وقال، بل وضعته لمن لا يغترُّ بالمحالِ، وعرف الرجالَ بالحقِّ، لا الحقَّ بالرجالِ)( ).School was founded Najaf by Sheikh Abu Ja'far al-Tusi (d. 460 AH) in the Abbasid period II, one of the masters of the commentators, is not surprising that Tptni this school on a school of Kufa, which began in the first round to build the foundations explanatory by the guardian Seal of the Prophets upon the prayers of Allah, The beam spread so enlightening to other Arab capitals.This is not inconsistent with the fact that the Prophet Muhammad may Allah bless him and his family is the interpreter first, as the interpretation was in a receptive, but the emergence of the role of foundation for the information of the interpretation by the Commander of the Faithful Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him, after his arrest the Prophet Muhammad may Allah bless him and his family became urgent need for the development of Islamic Sciences, and move the wheel of diligence in the era of personnel and beyond has been linked to the reality that synchronize this case a general crisis in the labor at the level of the axis of structural self-development movement theorizing systematic Islamic sciences to keep pace with the real practical and applied as a result of fundamental shifts at the level of structures, intellectual, social, cultural and political and economic, to make the standards and controls for those applications, progressive, Vthblor axis further consideration in the Multilateral Relations between the Islamic sciences and employment, as the science of interpretation of the breadth of the Islamic Sciences as the field can be represented by a picture of the integration between the Islamic sciences, however, the explanation is growing up, and then defineCommander of the Faithful Ali bin Abi Talib, peace be upon him was founded, were not the principles set in blogger special highlights among other sciences has its own principles and controls governing the performance of an interpretative, and where you can not say for sure an inventory of reasons tendencies Expositor tendencies sectarian certain or great discretionary it is based, with the possibility of Some verses to more than one meaning entails every sense of the rule is different on the implications of the meaning the other (), was centered theory to special rules of interpretation in blogger special only in the surprise of the sixth century AH and that by Raghib Isfahani (d. 502 AH) as a prelude to his book "Mosque of interpretations" ( It was the first intimations identify the foundations of the methodology for the interpretation of the Quranic text, and then followed by several attempts did not rise to the level theoretical required by the importance of interpretation and the sanctity of his material, as organized, inter ample of the principles of this foundation, has us under a lot of rules reinforced trial in the interpretation, applying the colleges particles work interpreter) (), and then comes after Suleiman bin Abdul strong toffee (d. 716 AH) in his book Elixir in the science of interpretation, which he presented the statement of a number of important principles of interpretation, however, the first detective rhetoric, the bulk of his attention, and that they sensed the need to do so, said toffee: (it still Itlgelj in my chest forms of exegesis, and I pass by those interpretations, I did not see none of them detected as written, not grammarians as grammarians, Vtkadtni self requesting an investigation, Nakpp on the coals the way; to pass a law reliable, and Issar in this art to him, placed so that was published this book, persisting in his rules useful in the science of the book, and toxicity Elixir in the rules of exegesis, it is A, this situation is an explanation, it has become in this science first and was finally, and did not put this law to those who freeze at the words, and hold each of the fired his tongue and said, but developed by those who do not be deceived by assignee, and the men knew the truth, not the right men)Then teamed science books Koran phrase many of the general principles of interpretation Kalprhan of Zarkashi (d. 791 AH), and proficiency for the resettlement (d. AH 911), as well as deposited commentators of these principles in the knives Mbageshm explanatory, but that these principles are still in need of great efforts to heal in the codes of an independent mature .Time still did not explain Mr. Sabzevari "the Jerusalem of his secret" Remember these lines in the introductions to interpretation, and so we find it may be mentioned briefly, but there are commentators who did not regimented to work as indicated in the grounds. Came to this research sheds light on this aspect in the "talent-Rahman" and, therefore, necessary to be as follows: definition of the grounds and the Book of talent A - definition of the merits, and a brief history of the foundations when the explanatory front.B - Introducing the Book of Rahman's talents.C - Introducing Mr. Sabzevari "Jerusalem".II: Foundations of interpretative referred to in the introduction, inter alia,:A - Linguistic Studies.B - Explanation of the Holy Qur'an.C - Explanation of the Holy Year.D - refer to the arbitrator in the interpretation of Like.E - objectivity and impartiality.III: Evidence on the bases in the explanatory book talent Rahman.Addressed some of the resources approved by the Sabzevari "Jerusalem" in interpretative performance knives.Conclusion Search Sources and references