Статті в журналах: "Knowledge projection"

1

Usery, E. Lynn. "Semantically Enabling Map Projections Knowledge." Kartografija i geoinformacije 19, no. 33 (June 30, 2020): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32909/kg.19.33.5.

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Map projections are an area of cartography with a firm mathematical foundation for their creation and display providing a basis for a knowledge representation. Using only variations on a single equation set, an infinite number of projections can be created, but less than 100 are in active use. Because each projection preserves specific characteristics, such as area, angles, global look, or a compromise of properties, classifications of map projections have been developed to aid in knowledge representation. These classifications are used for decision-making. They help select the correct projection for the map use. They assist users with determining the correct orientation, standard parallels and meridians. The classifications also inform the user how to adjust the selection based on size, extent, and latitude. Semantics can be used to automate map projections knowledge into a knowledge base that can be accessed by humans and machines. This work details a semantic representation of map projections knowledge and provides a simple example of a use case that exploits the knowledge base.

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Usery, E. Lynn. "A Semantic Representation of Map Projections Knowledge." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 19, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-376-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> A body of knowledge for cartography requires representing knowledge of the specific sub topics in the field. Map projections is a fundamental part of the knowledge base for cartography and a wealth of material exists on knowledge of map projections. Semantic organization of such knowledge is of primary importance to the access and use of map projections knowledge. This project builds a semantic representation for the fundamental parts of map projection knowledge. The semantics capture the concepts and relations between these concepts providing the user an easy method to access the knowledge and apply it to specific problems. The semantics represent classes of projections and the properties associated with those classes as well as the appropriate use. Such a representation can be accessed by humans or machines to arrive at appropriate selection and use of map projection theory.</p>

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3

Anwar, Azmat, Xiao Li, Yating Yang, and Yajuan Wang. "Constructing Uyghur Commonsense Knowledge Base by Knowledge Projection." Applied Sciences 9, no. 16 (August 13, 2019): 3318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9163318.

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Although considerable effort has been devoted to building commonsense knowledge bases (CKB), it is still not available for many low-resource languages such as Uyghur because of expensive construction cost. Focusing on this issue, we proposed a cross-lingual knowledge-projection method to construct an Uyghur CKB by projecting ConceptNet’s Chinese facts into Uyghur. We used a Chinese–Uyghur bilingual dictionary to get high-quality entity translation in facts and employed a back-translation method to eliminate the entity-translation ambiguity. Moreover, to tackle the inner relation ambiguity in translated facts, we made a hand-crafted rule to convert the structured facts into natural-language phrases and built the Chinese–Uyghur lingual phrases based on the similarity of phrases that corresponded to the bilingual semantic similarity scoring model. Experimental results show that the accuracy of our semantic similarity scoring model reached 94.75% for our task, and they successfully project 55,872 Chinese facts into Uyghur as well as obtain 67,375 Uyghur facts within a very short period.

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4

Hahn, Georg, Paul Fearnhead, and Idris A. Eckley. "BayesProject: Fast computation of a projection direction for multivariate changepoint detection." Statistics and Computing 30, no. 6 (August 1, 2020): 1691–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11222-020-09966-2.

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Abstract This article focuses on the challenging problem of efficiently detecting changes in mean within multivariate data sequences. Multivariate changepoints can be detected by projecting a multivariate series to a univariate one using a suitable projection direction that preserves a maximal proportion of signal information. However, for some existing approaches the computation of such a projection direction can scale unfavourably with the number of series and might rely on additional assumptions on the data sequences, thus limiting their generality. We introduce BayesProject, a computationally inexpensive Bayesian approach to compute a projection direction in such a setting. The proposed approach allows the incorporation of prior knowledge of the changepoint scenario, when such information is available, which can help to increase the accuracy of the method. A simulation study shows that BayesProject is robust, yields projections close to the oracle projection direction and, moreover, that its accuracy in detecting changepoints is comparable to, or better than, existing algorithms while scaling linearly with the number of series.

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5

Janovic, Nikola. "The society of the debacle: Triptych of the discourse of the university." Filozofija i drustvo 21, no. 2 (2010): 117–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1002117j.

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The main intention of this text is to present three inter-connected projections of the current global crisis of the postmodern capitalism: discursive, sociological and cultural/political. Discursive projection is considering the crisis of the postmodern capitalism through the perspective of the discursive paradigmatic restructuring (social link), sociological projection is giving interpretation of the postmodern social economy paradigm (society of knowledge), whilst the cultural/political projection is discussing the postmodern ideological forms of everyday life (cultural capitalism). In the last instance, all three are raising a question: Is there any good alternative?

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Lin, Lee-Yaw, Cheng-Ting Lin, Yung-Ming Chen, Chao-Tzuen Cheng, Hsin-Chi Li, and Wei-Bo Chen. "The Taiwan Climate Change Projection Information and Adaptation Knowledge Platform: A Decade of Climate Research." Water 14, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030358.

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Taiwan’s climate change projections have always presented a challenge due to Taiwan’s size and unique meteorological and geographical characteristics. The Taiwan Climate Change Projection Information and Adaptation Knowledge Platform (TCCIP), funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, is a decade-long climate research project with the most predominant climate data provider and national adaptation policymaking in the country. This paper outlines the evolution of the project. It describes the project’s major achievements, including climate projection arising from participation in the WCRP Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project (CMIP), dynamically and statistically downscaled data with resolutions up to 5 km grid, impact assessments of various themes, such as flooding, as well as the support of national policies through approaches including risk maps, climate data, and knowledge brokering.

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7

Gordon, Marsha, and Dino Everett. "Dusting Off that Old Projector: Preservation through Projection." American Archivist 84, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17723/0360-9081-84.1.139.

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ABSTRACT “Dusting Off that Old Projector: Preservation through Projection” makes the case that institutions that hold film prints and projectors—especially rarities, one-offs, and nonstandard gauges—should consider projecting films in an effort to preserve and perpetuate knowledge about the history of film technology. The authors use the success of Home Movie Day as a model for considering preservation through projection and to question absolutist protective strategies. Their aim is to expand the way that archivists, scholars, and the general public think about the significance of unusual film formats and equipment in relation to film history.

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8

Nyerges, Timothy L., and Piotr Jankowski. "A Knowledge Base for Map Projection Selection." American Cartographer 16, no. 1 (January 1989): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304089783875622.

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9

Heitzler, Magnus, Hans-Rudolf Bär, Roland Schenkel, and Lorenz Hurni. "The Light Source Metaphor Revisited—Bringing an Old Concept for Teaching Map Projections to the Modern Web." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 4 (March 28, 2019): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8040162.

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Map projections are one of the foundations of geographic information science and cartography. An understanding of the different projection variants and properties is critical when creating maps or carrying out geospatial analyses. The common way of teaching map projections in text books makes use of the light source (or light bulb) metaphor, which draws a comparison between the construction of a map projection and the way light rays travel from the light source to the projection surface. Although conceptually plausible, such explanations were created for the static instructions in textbooks. Modern web technologies may provide a more comprehensive learning experience by allowing the student to interactively explore (in guided or unguided mode) the way map projections can be constructed following the light source metaphor. The implementation of this approach, however, is not trivial as it requires detailed knowledge of map projections and computer graphics. Therefore, this paper describes the underlying computational methods and presents a prototype as an example of how this concept can be applied in practice. The prototype will be integrated into the Geographic Information Technology Training Alliance (GITTA) platform to complement the lesson on map projections.

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10

Liu, Jun, Jun Xiang, and Chun Long Xu. "Plate Character Segmentation Algorithm Based on Projection Feature and Prior Knowledge." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 677–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.677.

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nfluenced by factors like mud, frame, rivet, space mark and plate slant, plate character segmentation tends to be inaccurate and even results in mistakes. In order to tackle these problems, this paper puts forward a plate character segmentation algorithm based on projection feature and prior knowledge. That is, firstly of all, to carry out horizontal coarse segmentation by horizontal projection, then use both vertical projection and prior knowledge to conduct vertical segmentation. At last, to carry out horizontal fine segmentation by local projection. The experiment demonstrates that such algorithm can solve the above mentioned problems accurately and practically with high-efficiency.

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11

Khan, Safeer Hussain, Timilehin Opeyemi Alakoya, and Oluwatosin Temitope Mewomo. "Relaxed Projection Methods with Self-Adaptive Step Size for Solving Variational Inequality and Fixed Point Problems for an Infinite Family of Multivalued Relatively Nonexpansive Mappings in Banach Spaces." Mathematical and Computational Applications 25, no. 3 (August 24, 2020): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca25030054.

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In each iteration, the projection methods require computing at least one projection onto the closed convex set. However, projections onto a general closed convex set are not easily executed, a fact that might affect the efficiency and applicability of the projection methods. To overcome this drawback, we propose two iterative methods with self-adaptive step size that combines the Halpern method with a relaxed projection method for approximating a common solution of variational inequality and fixed point problems for an infinite family of multivalued relatively nonexpansive mappings in the setting of Banach spaces. The core of our algorithms is to replace every projection onto the closed convex set with a projection onto some half-space and this guarantees the easy implementation of our proposed methods. Moreover, the step size of each algorithm is self-adaptive. We prove strong convergence theorems without the knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the monotone operator and we apply our results to finding a common solution of constrained convex minimization and fixed point problems in Banach spaces. Finally, we present some numerical examples in order to demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithms in comparison with some recent iterative methods.

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12

Lapaine, М., E. L. Usery, and M. V. Nyrtsov. "To the 20 anniversary of ICA Commission on Map Projections of the International Cartographic Association (2003–2023)." Geodesy and Cartography 963, no. 9 (October 20, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22389/0016-7126-2020-963-9-44-52.

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The Commission on Map Projections (CoMP) of the International Cartographic Association (ICA) was chartered and began aсting in 2003. The Commission has been active in promoting and distributing map projections research, education, and knowledge through its individual members, conferences and workshops of the ICA. Among the developments of the CoMP there are published papers of the workshops, conference sessions at the International Cartographic Conferences, and other international conferences in cartography and geoinformation. The CoMP has developed and maintained a public website with tutorial information on map projections, published research, decision systems to help in projection selection, news and announcements of the events, and an archive of the Commission’s activities. Among the publications of the CoMP there are research papers, conference proceedings, book chapters, and a book on Choosing a Map Projection. The CoMP are going to continue research and education activities, workshops, conferences, and publications to advance map projections with the 2019 to 2023 term.

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13

Mouza, Anna-Maria. "Estimation of the total number of hospital admissions and bed requirements for 2011: the case for Greece." Health Services Management Research 15, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 186–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/095148402320176837.

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In order to improve the existing situation in the Greek health sector, there is a pronounced need for flexible planning methods, together with the development of long-term perspectives on policy formulation. The team started with the collection of relevant data, since the first priority was to have a detailed knowledge of the current situation and conditions upon which projections of likely future developments can be based. The aim of this paper is to identify a reliable method for the estimation of future admissions to hospitals, by age groups and sex. These estimates have been used as the basis for projecting hospital bed requirements by the final year of the planning period (2011). Accurate knowledge and analysis of hospital bed requirements in the future would be a fundamental aid to health care planning given that the increase in the proportion of elderly people will lead to differences in the demand for health services. To reduce uncertainty, a main parameter has been introduced and used in all projections, with very limited total variation. Although all relevant studies resulted in a rigid, one estimation (projection) point, we have estimated upper and lower limits of projections, to make the corresponding plan more flexible.

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14

Peng, Hanchuan, Peng Xie, Lijuan Liu, Xiuli Kuang, Yimin Wang, Lei Qu, Hui Gong, et al. "Morphological diversity of single neurons in molecularly defined cell types." Nature 598, no. 7879 (October 6, 2021): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-021-03941-1.

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AbstractDendritic and axonal morphology reflects the input and output of neurons and is a defining feature of neuronal types1,2, yet our knowledge of its diversity remains limited. Here, to systematically examine complete single-neuron morphologies on a brain-wide scale, we established a pipeline encompassing sparse labelling, whole-brain imaging, reconstruction, registration and analysis. We fully reconstructed 1,741 neurons from cortex, claustrum, thalamus, striatum and other brain regions in mice. We identified 11 major projection neuron types with distinct morphological features and corresponding transcriptomic identities. Extensive projectional diversity was found within each of these major types, on the basis of which some types were clustered into more refined subtypes. This diversity follows a set of generalizable principles that govern long-range axonal projections at different levels, including molecular correspondence, divergent or convergent projection, axon termination pattern, regional specificity, topography, and individual cell variability. Although clear concordance with transcriptomic profiles is evident at the level of major projection type, fine-grained morphological diversity often does not readily correlate with transcriptomic subtypes derived from unsupervised clustering, highlighting the need for single-cell cross-modality studies. Overall, our study demonstrates the crucial need for quantitative description of complete single-cell anatomy in cell-type classification, as single-cell morphological diversity reveals a plethora of ways in which different cell types and their individual members may contribute to the configuration and function of their respective circuits.

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15

Manikar, Sagar Shenoy, Joël Jézégou, Pierre de Saqui-Sannes, Philippe Asseman, and Emmanuel Benard. "A hybrid approach of machine learning and expert knowledge for projection of aircraft operability." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1226, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1226/1/012046.

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Abstract Aircraft operational performance is a key driving factor to flight punctuality and airline profitability. The ability of a system to meet its operational requirements in terms of reliability, availability and costs is termed as ’Operability’. It is of high importance for aircraft manufacturers to project operability during the early stages of development of an aircraft in order to make trade-off studies. This paper proposes a hybrid approach of using machine learning and expert knowledge to aid the projection of aircraft operational performance during the early design stages. This approach aims to benefit from the huge amount of in-service data available from the current and past fleet of aircraft. Hence, machine learning techniques are used to learn how different technical issues and their associated maintenance activities impact aircraft operations. Expert knowledge is used to establish the default rules of the simulation model used for the operability projection. Results from machine learning are used to improve these rules allowing one to make holistic projections of the operational performance of future aircraft. This approach allows one to estimate the elapsed time in different operational states of an aircraft like flying, turn-around, etc. which can then be used to calculate different operability Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) like aircraft reliability and maintenance unavailability.

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16

Jankowski, Piotr, and Timothy Nyerges. "Design Considerations for MaPKBS-Map Projection Knowledge-Based System." American Cartographer 16, no. 2 (January 1989): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1559/152304089783875514.

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17

Passban, Peyman, Yimeng Wu, Mehdi Rezagholizadeh, and Qun Liu. "ALP-KD: Attention-Based Layer Projection for Knowledge Distillation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 35, no. 15 (May 18, 2021): 13657–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v35i15.17610.

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Knowledge distillation is considered as a training and compression strategy in which two neural networks, namely a teacher and a student, are coupled together during training. The teacher network is supposed to be a trustworthy predictor and the student tries to mimic its predictions. Usually, a student with a lighter architecture is selected so we can achieve compression and yet deliver high-quality results. In such a setting, distillation only happens for final predictions whereas the student could also benefit from teacher’s supervision for internal components. Motivated by this, we studied the problem of distillation for intermediate layers. Since there might not be a one-to-one alignment between student and teacher layers, existing techniques skip some teacher layers and only distill from a subset of them. This shortcoming directly impacts quality, so we instead propose a combinatorial technique which relies on attention. Our model fuses teacher-side information and takes each layer’s significance into consideration, then it performs distillation between combined teacher layers and those of the student. Using our technique, we distilled a 12-layer BERT (Devlin et al. 2019) into 6-, 4-, and 2-layer counterparts and evaluated them on GLUE tasks (Wang et al. 2018). Experimental results show that our combinatorial approach is able to outperform other existing techniques.

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18

Stanski, Adam, and Olaf Hellwich. "A Projection and Density Estimation Method for Knowledge Discovery." PLoS ONE 7, no. 10 (October 1, 2012): e44495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0044495.

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KAJIYAMA, Kiichiro. "Understanding of a Projection with Knowledge of the Coordinate System." Journal of Graphic Science of Japan 33, no. 2 (1999): 13–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5989/jsgs.33.2_13.

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20

Chen, Junfan, Jie Xu, Manhui Bo, and Hongwu Tang. "Augmenting Embedding Projection With Entity Descriptions for Knowledge Graph Completion." IEEE Access 9 (2021): 159955–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3132071.

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21

HAMACHEK, DON E. "The Dynamics of Projection: Its Use in Expanding Self-Knowledge." Journal of Humanistic Education and Development 26, no. 1 (September 1987): 2–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2164-4683.1987.tb00428.x.

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22

Gibson, C. G., and D. Marsh. "On the Geometry of Geared 5-Bar Motion." Journal of Mechanical Design 112, no. 4 (December 1, 1990): 620–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2912654.

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A new approach is adopted to study the geometry of the coupler curves associated to geared 5-bar motion. The key idea is to think of a configuration of the mechanism as a point in a higher - dimensional configuration space; the family of all configurations is then represented by an algebraic curve in that space. Coupler curves appear naturally as projections of this curve, so their properties can be deduced by projection, independent of any explicit knowledge of their equations.

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23

Ye, Yangbo, Hengyong Yu, and Ge Wang. "Exact Interior Reconstruction from Truncated Limited-Angle Projection Data." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2008 (2008): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2008/427989.

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Using filtered backprojection (FBP) and an analytic continuation approach, we prove that exact interior reconstruction is possible and unique from truncated limited-angle projection data, if we assume a prior knowledge on a subregion or subvolume within an object to be reconstructed. Our results show that (i) the interior region-of-interest (ROI) problem and interior volume-of-interest (VOI) problem can be exactly reconstructed from a limited-angle scan of the ROI/VOI and a 180 degree PI-scan of the subregion or subvolume and (ii) the whole object function can be exactly reconstructed from nontruncated projections from a limited-angle scan. These results improve the classical theory of Hamaker et al. (1980).

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Navaneet, K. L., Priyanka Mandikal, Mayank Agarwal, and R. Venkatesh Babu. "CAPNet: Continuous Approximation Projection for 3D Point Cloud Reconstruction Using 2D Supervision." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 8819–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33018819.

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Knowledge of 3D properties of objects is a necessity in order to build effective computer vision systems. However, lack of large scale 3D datasets can be a major constraint for datadriven approaches in learning such properties. We consider the task of single image 3D point cloud reconstruction, and aim to utilize multiple foreground masks as our supervisory data to alleviate the need for large scale 3D datasets. A novel differentiable projection module, called ‘CAPNet’, is introduced to obtain such 2D masks from a predicted 3D point cloud. The key idea is to model the projections as a continuous approximation of the points in the point cloud. To overcome the challenges of sparse projection maps, we propose a loss formulation termed ‘affinity loss’ to generate outlierfree reconstructions. We significantly outperform the existing projection based approaches on a large-scale synthetic dataset. We show the utility and generalizability of such a 2D supervised approach through experiments on a real-world dataset, where lack of 3D data can be a serious concern. To further enhance the reconstructions, we also propose a test stage optimization procedure to obtain reconstructions that display high correspondence with the observed input image.

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Buckwalter, Wesley. "FACTIVE VERBS AND PROTAGONIST PROJECTION." Episteme 11, no. 4 (August 27, 2014): 391–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2014.22.

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AbstractNearly all philosophers agree that only true things can be known. But does this principle reflect actual patterns of ordinary usage? Several examples in ordinary language seem to show that ‘know’ is literally used non-factively. By contrast, this paper reports five experiments utilizing explicit paraphrasing tasks, which suggest that these non-factive uses are actually not literal. Instead, they are better explained by a phenomenon known as protagonist projection. It is argued that armchair philosophical orthodoxy regarding the truth requirement for knowledge withstands current empirical scrutiny.

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Cherneyko, L. O. "The Concept of “Projection” and “Projective Meaning” in the Term System of Cognitive Linguistics." Critique and Semiotics 37, no. 2 (2019): 158–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2307-1737-2019-2-158-170.

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The paper proposes a nontrivial approach to the study of the mechanism of associating meanings and words in speech, which allows us to consider not their equal connection, but the projection of the unknown and/or incomprehensible to the elements of experience – a collective, molded in usual compatibility of language units, or an individual that creates occasional compatibility. The purpose of the study is to provide a detailed theoretical justification for the use of the term “projection” in cognitive linguistics and in cognitive poetics as an emerging paradigm of knowledge about the artistic text, as well as the term “projective meaning”, which allows us to approach such traditionally distinguished paths as metaphor, comparison and metamorphosis from a single point of view. The theoretical basis of the research is the concept of grammaticality of abstract substantives with secondary predicates developed by the author, the method of modeling culturally developed and artistic ideas on the abstract phenomenon calculated in projective meanings, and the principles of linguistic modeling of the semantic structure of artistic text. The argument of the relevance of the term “projection” in linguistics is based on the scientific achievements of domestic and foreign linguists, but the historical perspective requires recognition of the priority in developing a method that later received the name “conceptual analysis of the word” for such domestic linguists as A. Bely and V. A. Uspensky. In the mathematical term “projection”, which is adopted by linguistics relevant for cognitive science, the idea of dependence of the unknown on the known in the process of its mental development, as well as the idea of the “picture plane”, which can be interpreted as applied to linguistic tasks as an object plane filled with the results of everyday experience. Projective meanings (projectives) are proposed to be considered as sensual and logical images of an abstract phenomenon, in which its meaningful cultural profiles (sides, aspects) are conceptualized and which guide the compatibility of its name, and the set of projectives is a verifiable model of the content of an abstract name. The article proposes the establishment of similarity (by projectivity) of cognitive metaphors and comparisons and their cognitive and structural differences: logical redundancy of comparison and the logical need for a cognitive metaphor for the discursive existence of abstract names. In comparison, as a kind of widely understood metaphor, there is a “form-building instinct” (O. Mandelstam), in which knowledge prevails over vision, metaphysics over physics, individual over universal.

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Jia, Xingang, Guanqun Zhu, Qiuhong Han, and Zuhong Lu. "The biological knowledge discovery by PCCF measure and PCA-F projection." PLOS ONE 12, no. 4 (April 11, 2017): e0175104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0175104.

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Belle, Vaishak. "On the projection problem in active knowledge bases with incomplete information." AI Matters 1, no. 2 (December 19, 2014): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2685328.2685332.

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Farrow, Neil A., and F. Peter Ottensmeyer. "Feasibility of the Common-Axis Method for Alignment Prior to 3D Reconstruction in Dark-Held Electron Microscopy." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 48, no. 1 (August 12, 1990): 472–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100181117.

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Dark field electron microscopy has allowed the atomic modelling of the 3D structure of a number of biological molecules from images of single molecules and protein complexes. A prerequisite for such determinations has been knowledge as to the projection directions yielding the various images. The determination of these directions has relied on either the correlation of the dark field images with known biochemical data or with structures determined by x-ray crystallography. The use of information from such sources allows orientation of the different dark field images relative to each other. It will often be the case however that no other information is available as to the structure of the molecule under investigation. It then becomes necessary to use the images alone to determine their orientation relative to each other prior to using 3D reconstruction techniques.A number of methods are available to determine projection directions from a set of images of a given object. Most notable among these methods are the method of moments and the common axis method. The common axis method uses the fact that any two views of the same object share a common line projection. Thus by comparing line projections of three images it is possible to orientate these images relative to each other in space.

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30

Joselit, David. "THE PROPERTY OF KNOWLEDGE." Nordic Journal of Aesthetics 28, no. 57-58 (June 21, 2019): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/nja.v28i57-58.114854.

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We can note three phases in the tradition of the readymade and appropriation since Duchamp’s Bicycle Wheel of 1913. First, they include early enactments in which the readymade posed an onto- logical challenge to artworks through the equation of commodity and art object. Second, practices in which readymades were de- ployed semantically as lexical elements within a sculpture, paint- ing, installation or projection. In a third phase, which most directly encompasses the global, the appropriation of objects, images, and other forms of content challenges sovereignty over the cultural and economic value linked to things that emerge from particular cultural properties ranging from Aboriginal painting in Australia to the ap- propriation of Mao’s cult of personality in 1990s China. This essay considers the most recent phase of the readymade in terms of its century-long history.

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Kerkovits, Krisztián, and Tünde Takáts. "Reference frame and map projection for irregular shaped celestial bodies." Abstracts of the ICA 2 (October 9, 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-2-42-2020.

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Abstract. Recent advancements of technology resulted in greater knowledge of the Solar System and the need for mapping small celestial bodies significantly increased. However, creating a good map of such small objects is a big challenge for the cartographer: they are usually irregular shaped, the usual reference frames like the ellipsoid of revolution is inappropriate for their approximation.A method is presented to develop best-fitting irregular surfaces of revolution that can approximate any irregular celestial body. (Fig. 1.) Then a simple equal-area map projection is calculated to map this reference frame onto a plane. The shape of the resulting map in this projection resembles the shape of the original celestial body.The usefulness of the method is demonstrated on the example of the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. This comet has a highly irregular shape, which is hard to map. Previously used map projections for this comet include the simple cylindrical, which greatly distorts the surface and cannot depict the depressions of the object. Other maps used the combination of two triaxial ellipsoids as the reference frame, and the gained mapping had low distortion but at the expense of showing the tiny surface divided into 11 maps in different complicated map projections (Nyrtsov et. al., 2018). On the other hand, our mapping displays the comet in one single map with moderate distortion and the shape of the map frame suggests the original shape of the celestial body (Fig. 2. and 3.).

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32

Comi, Alice, Nicole Bischof, and Martin J. Eppler. "Beyond projection: using collaborative visualization to conduct qualitative interviews." Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal 9, no. 2 (June 3, 2014): 110–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrom-05-2012-1074.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to argue for the reflective use of visual techniques in qualitative inter-viewing and suggests using visuals not only as projective techniques to elicit answers, but also as facilitation techniques throughout the interview process. Design/methodology/approach – By reflecting on their own research projects in organization and management studies, the authors develop a practical approach to visual interviewing – making use of both projective and facilitation techniques. The paper concludes by discussing the limitations of visualization techniques, and suggesting directions for future research on visually enhanced interviewing. Findings – The integration of projective and facilitation techniques enables the interviewer to build rapport with the respondent(s), and to elicit deeper answers by providing cognitive stimulation. In the course of the interview, such an integrative approach brings along further advantages, most notably focusing attention, maintaining interaction, and fostering the co-construction of knowledge between the interviewer and the interviewee(s). Originality/value – This paper is reflective of what is currently occurring in the field of qualitative interviewing, and presents a practical approach for the integration of visual projection and facilitation in qualitative interviews.

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33

Williams, Mark, Keith Davids, Les Burwitz, and John Williams. "Cognitive Knowledge and Soccer Performance." Perceptual and Motor Skills 76, no. 2 (April 1993): 579–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.76.2.579.

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This study tested the proposition that experienced soccer players exhibit greater task-specific cognitive knowledge than novice players. 12 experienced and 12 inexperienced subjects viewed structured and unstructured soccer action sequences on a 3.65-m2 video projection screen. In recalling specific player positions following brief 10-sec. film clips, inexperienced players had larger recall of errors than the experienced players on structured trials only. This indicated that experienced players' cognitive knowledge permitted more meaningful associations between players' positions resulting in more efficient retrieval. When recognition of previously viewed film clips was examined, experienced subjects were more accurate in recognising structured trials only. Experienced soccer players seem to have a more complex and discriminating organisation of long-term memory which facilitates the encoding of task-specific information.

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34

Isard, W., and W. Dean. "The Projection of World (Multiregional) Trade Matrices." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 19, no. 8 (August 1987): 1059–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a191059.

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The various approaches that have been used to project trade-flows among nations and world regions are evaluated, particularly in the light of the knowledge base of regional science. A multimethod approach is developed to take into account the situations under which each existing approach has strength.

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35

Bayer, Tomáš. "Estimation of the Cartographic Projection and~its Application in Geoinformatics-habilitation thesis presentation." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 16, no. 1 (October 8, 2017): 17–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.16.1.2.

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<div class="abstract"><div class="abstract_item"><em>Modern techniques for the map analysis allow for the creation of full or partial geometric reconstruction of its content. The projection is described by the set of estimated constant values: transformed pole position, standard parallel latitude, longitude of the central meridian, and a constant parameter. Analogously the analyzed map is represented by its constant values: auxiliary sphere radius, origin shifts, and angle of rotation. Several new methods denoted as M6-M9 for the estimation of an unknown map projection and its parameters differing in the number of determined parameters, reliability, robustness, and convergence have been developed. However, their computational demands are similar. Instead of directly measuring the dissimilarity of two projections, the analyzed map in an unknown projection and the image of the sphere in the well-known (i.e., analyzed) projection are compared. Several distance functions for the similarity measurements based on the location as well as shape similarity approaches are proposed. An unconstrained global optimization problem poorly scaled, with large residuals, for the vector of unknown parameters is solved by the hybrid BFGS method. To avoid a slower convergence rate for small residual problems, it has the ability to switch between first- and second-order methods. Such an analysis is beneficial and interesting for historic, old, or current maps without information about the projection. Its importance is primarily referred to refinement of spatial georeference for the medium- and small-scale maps, analysis of the knowledge about the former world, analysis of the incorrectly/inaccurately drawn regions, and appropriate cataloging of maps. The proposed algorithms have been implemented in the new version of the <span style="font-family: monospace;">detectproj</span> software.</em></div></div>

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Lin, Lin, Jie Liu, Feng Guo, Changsheng Tong, Lizheng Zu, and Hao Guo. "ERDERP: Entity and Relation Double Embedding on Relation Hyperplanes and Relation Projection Hyperplanes." Mathematics 10, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 4182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10224182.

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Since data are gradually enriched over time, knowledge graphs are inherently imperfect. Thus, knowledge graph completion is proposed to perfect knowledge graph by completing triples. Currently, a family of translation models has become the most effective method for knowledge graph completion. These translation models are modeled to solve the complexity and diversity of entities, such as one-to-many, many-to-one, and many-to-many, which ignores the diversity of relations themselves, such as multiple relations between a pair of entities. As a result, with current translation models, it is difficult to effectively extract the semantic information of entities and relations. To effectively extract the semantic information of the knowledge graph, this paper fundamentally analyzes the complex relationships of the knowledge graph. Then, considering the diversity of relations themselves, the complex relationships are refined as one-to-one-to-many, many-to-one-to-one, one-to-many-to-one, many-to-one-to-many, many-to-many-to-one, one-to-many-to-many, and many-to-many-to-many. By analyzing the complex relationships, a novel knowledge graph completion model, entity and relation double embedding on relation hyperplanes and relation projection hyperplanes (ERDERP), is proposed to extract the semantic information of entities and relations. First, ERDERP establishes a relation hyperplane for each relation and projects the relation embedding into the relation hyperplane. Thus, the semantic information of the relations is extracted effectively. Second, ERDERP establishes a relation projection hyperplane for each relation projection and projects entities into relation projection hyperplane. Thus, the semantic information of the entities is extracted effectively. Moreover, it is theoretically proved that ERDERP can solve antisymmetric problems. Finally, the proposed ERDERP are compared with several typical knowledge graph completion models. The experimental results show that ERDERP is significantly effective in link prediction, especially in relation prediction. For instance, on FB15k and FB15k-237, Hits@1 of ERDERP outperforms TransH at least 30%.

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Tyler, Christopher. "Rosetta Stone? Hockney, Falco and the Sources of “Opticality” in Lorenzo Lotto's Husband and Wife." Leonardo 37, no. 5 (October 2004): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/0024094041955971.

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In his book Secret Knowledge, David Hockney proposes that the “optical quality” of Flemish art arose around 1420, because artists such as van Eyck then began to use optical devices for accurate projection of subject images onto the canvas. Although Hockney describes Lotto's Man and Wife as the “Rosetta Stone” of his argument, the author's analysis reveals that its perspective structure is incompatible with the logic of local optical projection. Regions that should be geometrically coherent in an optical projection display pronounced distortions, while regions that should be incoherent show no such distortions. Such detailed evidence, as well as the inability of optical projection to capture the effect of windblown garments, is inconsistent with Hockney's claim.

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38

Feng, Xiang, Zhanfeng Zhao, Fengcong Li, Wenqing Cui, and Yinan Zhao. "Radar Phase-Coded Waveform Design with Local Low Range Sidelobes Based on Particle Swarm-Assisted Projection Optimization." Remote Sensing 14, no. 17 (August 25, 2022): 4186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14174186.

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In modern electronic warfare, cognitive radar with knowledge-aided waveforms would show significant flexibility in anti-interference. In this paper, a novel method, named particle swarm-assisted projection optimization (PSAP), is introduced to design phase-coded waveforms with multi-level low range sidelobes, which mainly considers the stability for randomized initialization under the unimodular constraint. Firstly, the mathematical problem corresponding to avoid the range sidelobe masking from multiple non-cooperative targets or interference is formulated by giving different threat levels. Then, based on the alternating direction decomposition idea, the original problem is divided into triple-variable ones where these non-linear approximations can be solved via alternating projections along with FFT. Furthermore, the PSAP method with swarm intelligence, learning factor, and particle-assisted projection could ensure the optimization convergence in a parallel way, which could relax the non-convex constraint and enhance the global exploiting performance. Finally, simulations for several typical scenarios and numerical results are all provided to assess the waveforms generated by PSAP and other prevalent ones.

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Liang, Zhiting, Yong Guan, Gang Liu, Xiangyu Chen, Fahu Li, Pengfei Guo, and Yangchao Tian. "A modified discrete algebraic reconstruction technique for multiple grey image reconstruction for limited angle range tomography." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 23, no. 2 (February 20, 2016): 606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577516000564.

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The `missing wedge', which is due to a restricted rotation range, is a major challenge for quantitative analysis of an object using tomography. With prior knowledge of the grey levels, the discrete algebraic reconstruction technique (DART) is able to reconstruct objects accurately with projections in a limited angle range. However, the quality of the reconstructions declines as the number of grey levels increases. In this paper, a modified DART (MDART) was proposed, in which each independent region of homogeneous material was chosen as a research object, instead of the grey values. The grey values of each discrete region were estimated according to the solution of the linear projection equations. The iterative process of boundary pixels updating and correcting the grey values of each region was executed alternately. Simulation experiments of binary phantoms as well as multiple grey phantoms show that MDART is capable of achieving high-quality reconstructions with projections in a limited angle range. The interesting advancement of MDART is that neither prior knowledge of the grey values nor the number of grey levels is necessary.

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40

UYSAL, İLHAN, and H. ALTAY GÜVENIR. "An overview of regression techniques for knowledge discovery." Knowledge Engineering Review 14, no. 4 (December 1999): 319–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026988899900404x.

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Predicting or learning numeric features is called regression in the statistical literature, and it is the subject of research in both machine learning and statistics. This paper reviews the important techniques and algorithms for regression developed by both communities. Regression is important for many applications, since lots of real life problems can be modeled as regression problems. The review includes Locally Weighted Regression (LWR), rule-based regression, Projection Pursuit Regression (PPR), instance-based regression, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) and recursive partitioning regression methods that induce regression trees (CART, RETIS and M5).

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41

Sanderson, Warren C. "Knowledge Can Improve Forecasts: A Review of Selected Socioeconomic Population Projection Models." Population and Development Review 24 (1998): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2808052.

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42

Benabdallah, Lina. "Explaining attractiveness: knowledge production and power projection in China’s policy for Africa." Journal of International Relations and Development 22, no. 2 (June 22, 2017): 495–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41268-017-0109-x.

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43

Battersby, Sarah E. "The Effect of Global-Scale Map-Projection Knowledge on Perceived Land Area." Cartographica: The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization 44, no. 1 (March 2009): 33–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/carto.44.1.33.

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44

Gvirsman, Shira Dvir. "Testing Our Quasi-Statistical Sense: News Use, Political Knowledge, and False Projection." Political Psychology 36, no. 6 (July 13, 2014): 729–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pops.12203.

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45

Tian, Fei, Bin Gao, En-Hong Chen, and Tie-Yan Liu. "Learning Better Word Embedding by Asymmetric Low-Rank Projection of Knowledge Graph." Journal of Computer Science and Technology 31, no. 3 (May 2016): 624–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11390-016-1651-5.

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46

Esse´n, H. "On the Geometry of Nonholonomic Dynamics." Journal of Applied Mechanics 61, no. 3 (September 1, 1994): 689–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2901515.

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The formulation and derivation of equations of motion for finite degree-of-freedom nonholonomic systems, is discussed. The starting point is Newton’s equation of motion in the 3K-dimensional unconstrained configuration space of K particles. Constraints represent knowledge that motion is only possible along some directions in the local tangent spaces. Only projections of the 3K-dimensional vector equation onto these allowed directions are of interest. The formalism is essentially that of Kane-Appell cast into an abstract form. It is shown to give the same equations as Hamel’s generalization of Lagrange’s method. The algorithmic advantage of the Kane-Appell projection approach is stressed.

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Davidović, Brankica, Ljiljana Bjelović, Igor Radović, Bojana Davidović, Svjetlana Janković, and Smiljka Cicmil. "Analysis of anatomy and configuration of the canal system of the maxillary second premolar in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina." Биомедицинска истраживања 12, no. 1 (2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bii2101009d.

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Introduction. Successful endodontic treatment depends upon the clinician's knowledge and ability to recognize and diagnose the presence of anatomical and morphological variations of the root and canal system. The aim of this study was to establish the number of roots and root canal configurations of the maxillary second premolar in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methods. The study sample was comprised of 150 maxillary second premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic or prosthetic reasons. Endodontic drills were used for trepanation of cavum dentis, and the number and patency of each root canal were determined by Kexpander # 15. Then, the samples were decalcified, made transparent and colored, to enable 3D viewing of the canal system. Decalcified teeth were observed from two projections (clinical and approximal) and analyzed in detail with a magnifying glass under 3 × and 5 × magnification in order to determine the number of roots, number of canals, root canal configuration using Vertucci's classification and number of anastomoses between canals. Statistical significance was obtained using Chi-square test. Results. The results obtained by decalcification of the teeth showed that, by radiographic analysis from the clinical projection, all the teeth had a single root. While, by the analysis from the approximal projection, 94.0% had one, 6.0% two roots. From the approximal projection, 70.7% with a single root canal and 29.3% with two root canals are visualized. The most common type of root canal configuration in the maxillary second premolars was Type I in both clinical (87.9%) and approximal projection (40.7%). Conclusion. These results emphasize the importance of knowing the variations in root canal morphology, because excluding the possibility of morphological variations can lead to failure of endodontic therapy

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Duan, Yanliang, Xinhua Yu, Lirong Mei, and Weiping Cao. "Low-Complexity Robust Adaptive Beamforming Based on INCM Reconstruction via Subspace Projection." Sensors 21, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 7783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21237783.

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Adaptive beamforming is sensitive to steering vector (SV) and covariance matrix mismatches, especially when the signal of interest (SOI) component exists in the training sequence. In this paper, we present a low-complexity robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) method based on an interference–noise covariance matrix (INCM) reconstruction and SOI SV estimation. First, the proposed method employs the minimum mean square error criterion to construct the blocking matrix. Then, the projection matrix is obtained by projecting the blocking matrix onto the signal subspace of the sample covariance matrix (SCM). The INCM is reconstructed by replacing part of the eigenvector columns of the SCM with the corresponding eigenvectors of the projection matrix. On the other hand, the SOI SV is estimated via the iterative mismatch approximation method. The proposed method only needs to know the priori-knowledge of the array geometry and angular region where the SOI is located. The simulation results showed that the proposed method can deal with multiple types of mismatches, while taking into account both low complexity and high robustness.

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Chmielewski, Tadeusz Jan, Szymon Chmielewski, and Agnieszka Kułak. "Percepcja i projekcja krajobrazu: teorie, zastosowania, oczekiwania = Perception and projection of the landscape: theories, applications, expectations." Przegląd Geograficzny 91, no. 3 (2019): 365–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.7163/10.7163/przg.2019.3.4.

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The human species transforms the landscape to meet its needs, but landscape resources and valuable features at the same time affect wellbeing in the context of human activity. In these mutually conditioned interactions, two processes playing a key role are the so-called landscape perception and landscape projection. This article presents: (1) a review of theories playing a key role in the development of knowledge on landscape perception; (2) the basis for landscape projection as a logical and creative continuation of perception processes; (3) an outline of the theory of physiognomic landscape structure and of possibilities for it to gain practical application; (4) the results of the first Polish research into the public’s expectations where quality of the landscape is concerned. Perception of the landscape entails the receipt of stimuli from surrounding space with the help of the senses. It serves primarily in knowledge-based transformation of landscape systems, in a manner that meets ever-more exacting requirements on the part of society when it comes to living in an environment of the highest quality. Only a little scientific work has been devoted to the process of landscape projection. This is therefore a new research field, just opening up, which has the potential to give rise to a group of space-projection theories.

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Dutta, Aritra, Filip Hanzely, and Peter Richtàrik. "A Nonconvex Projection Method for Robust PCA." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 1468–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33011468.

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Robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is a well-studied problem whose goal is to decompose a matrix into the sum of low-rank and sparse components. In this paper, we propose a nonconvex feasibility reformulation of RPCA problem and apply an alternating projection method to solve it. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper proposing a method that solves RPCA problem without considering any objective function, convex relaxation, or surrogate convex constraints. We demonstrate through extensive numerical experiments on a variety of applications, including shadow removal, background estimation, face detection, and galaxy evolution, that our approach matches and often significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art in various ways.

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