Дисертації з теми "Knowledge management Australia"
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Brigg, Morgan James. "Asking after selves : knowledge and settler-indigenous conflict resolution /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2005. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18625.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKritikos, Vicky. "INNOVATIVE ASTHMA MANAGEMENT BY COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS IN AUSTRALIA." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/2064.
Повний текст джерелаExcerpt Chapter 2 - A review of the literature has revealed that asthma management practices in the Australian community are currently suboptimal resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. In adolescent asthma there are added challenges, with problems of self-image, denial and non-adherence to therapy where self-management skills assume a greater importance (Forero et al 1996, Price 1996, Brook and Tepper 1997, Buston and Wood 2000, Kyngäs et al 2000). In rural and remote areas in Australia, asthma management practices have been shown to be poorer and mortality rates from asthma are considerably higher compared to metropolitan areas (AIHW ACAM 2005, AIHW 2006). Limited access and chronic shortages of specialist services in rural areas are shifting the burden more and more towards the primary sector (AIHW 2006). It becomes paramount that people with asthma in rural settings become involved in self-management of their asthma and that community based health care providers be more proactive in facilitating these self-management behaviours by appropriate education and counselling. Health promotion activities, which are a broad range of activities including health education, have been acknowledged as having the potential to improve the health status of rural populations (National Rural Health Alliance 2002). Community pharmacy settings have been shown to be effective sites for the delivery of health promotion, screening and education programs (Anderson 2000, Elliott et al 2002, Cote et al 2003, Hourihan et al 2003, Watson et al 2003, Boyle et al 2004, Goode et al 2004, Paluck et al 2004, Sunderland et al 2004, Chambers et al 2005, Saini et al 2006). In the case of asthma, outreach programs have been shown to have beneficial effects in terms of reducing hospital admissions and emergency visits and improved asthma outcomes (Greineder et al 1995, Stout et al 1998, Kelly et al 2000, Legorreta et al 2000, Lin et al 2004). We proposed to extend the role of the community pharmacist beyond the traditional realm of the “pharmacy” into the community in rural Australia with the first asthma outreach programs designed for community pharmacy. The outreach programs were designed to include two health promotion strategies, the first targeting adolescents in high schools and the second targeting the general community. The project aimed firstly, to assess the feasibility of using community pharmacists to deliver two asthma outreach programs, one targeting adolescents and one for the wider community in a rural area and secondly, to assess the programs’ impact on adolescent asthma knowledge and requests for information at the community pharmacy. Excerpt Chapter 3 - Patient education is one of the six critical elements to successful long-term asthma management included in international and national asthma management guidelines, which have emphasised education as a process underpinning the understanding associated with appropriate medication use, the need for regular review, and self-management on the part of the person with asthma (Boulet et al 1999, National Asthma Council 2002, National Asthma Education and Prevention Program 2002, British Thoracic Society 2003, NHLBI/WHO 2005). The ongoing process of asthma education is considered necessary for helping people with asthma gain the knowledge, skills, confidence and motivation to control their own asthma. Since most health care professionals are key providers of asthma education, their knowledge of asthma and asthma management practices often needs to be updated through continuing education. This is to ensure that the education provided to the patient conforms to best practice guidelines. Moreover, health care professionals need to tailor this education to the patients’ needs and determine if the education provided results in an improvement in asthma knowledge. A review of the literature has revealed that a number of questionnaires have been developed that assess the asthma knowledge of parents of children with asthma (Parcel et al 1980, Fitzclarence and Henry 1990, Brook et al 1993, Moosa and Henley 1997, Ho et al 2003), adults with asthma (Wigal et al 1993, Allen and Jones 1998, Allen et al 2000, Bertolotti et al 2001), children with asthma (Parcel et al 1980, Wade et al 1997), or the general public (Grant et al 1999). However, the existing asthma knowledge questionnaires have several limitations. The only validated asthma knowledge questionnaire was developed in 1990 and hence, out of date with current asthma management guidelines (Fitzclarence and Henry 1990). The shortcomings of the other knowledge questionnaires relate to the lack of evidence of the validity (Wade et al 1997, Grant et al 1999, Bertolotti et al 2001), being outdated 81 with current concepts of asthma (Parcel et al 1980) or having been tested on small or inadequately characterised subject samples e.g. subject samples consisting of mainly middle class and well educated parents (Brook et al 1993, Wigal et al 1993, Moosa and Henley 1997, Allen and Jones 1998, Allen et al 2000, Ho et al 2003). Furthermore, most of the published asthma knowledge questionnaires have been designed to assess the asthma knowledge of the consumer (i.e. a lay person with asthma or a parent/carer of a person with asthma). There is no questionnaire specifically developed to assess the asthma knowledge of health care professionals, who are key providers of asthma education. It is hence important to have a reliable and validated instrument to be able to assess education needs and to measure the impact of training programs on asthma knowledge of health care professionals as well. An asthma knowledge questionnaire for health care professionals might also be used to gauge how successful dissemination and implementation of guidelines have been. Excerpt Chapter 4 - Asthma self-management education for adults that includes information about asthma and self-management, self-monitoring, a written action plan and regular medical review has been shown to be effective in improving asthma outcomes (Gibson et al 1999). These interventions have been delivered mostly in a hospital setting and have utilised individual and/or group formats. Fewer interventions have been delivered in a primary care setting, usually by qualified practice nurses and/or general practitioners or asthma educators and, to date, their success has not been established (Fay et al 2002, Gibson et al 2003). Community pharmacy provides a strategic venue for the provision of patient education about asthma. Traditionally, patient education provided by community pharmacists has been individualised. However, group education has been shown to be as effective as individualised education with the added benefits of being simpler, more cost effective and better received by patients and educators (Wilson et al 1993, Wilson 1997). While small group education has been shown to improve asthma outcomes (Snyder et al 1987, Bailey et al 1990, Wilson et al 1993, Yoon et al 1993, Allen et al 1995, Kotses et al 1995, Berg et al 1997, de Oliveira et al 1999, Marabini et al 2002), to date, no small-group asthma education provided by pharmacists in the community pharmacy setting has been implemented and evaluated.
Preece, Michael. "Knowledge management : a residential aged care perspective." Thesis, Curtin University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/561.
Повний текст джерелаKennelly, Jason. "IT Management Consulting in Australia: A Major Issues Study." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2005. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16190/1/Jason_Kennelly_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKennelly, Jason. "IT Management Consulting in Australia: A Major Issues Study." Queensland University of Technology, 2005. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16190/.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Susan. "Regional development and telecommunications policy in Western Australia: accessing knowledge to inform policy through complexity and action research." Thesis, Wong, Susan (2006) Regional development and telecommunications policy in Western Australia: accessing knowledge to inform policy through complexity and action research. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/455/.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Susan. "Regional development and telecommunications policy in Western Australia : accessing knowledge to inform policy through complexity and action research /." Wong, Susan (2006) Regional development and telecommunications policy in Western Australia: accessing knowledge to inform policy through complexity and action research. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/455/.
Повний текст джерелаBurton-Jones, John Alan, and n/a. "A COMPARATIVE CASE STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE SUPPLY AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS." University of Canberra. School of Professional Communication, 2007. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20070814.114351.
Повний текст джерелаEtemadi, Ramtin. "Adoption of social media for professional knowledge sharing by construction professionals in Australia." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2019. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/127290/2/Ramtin_Etemadi_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOckwell, David G. "Knowledge claims and environmental policy : an interdisciplinary analysis of fire management in Cape York, Australia." Thesis, University of York, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.440982.
Повний текст джерелаChapman, Kelly. "Complexity and creative capacity : reformulating the problem of knowledge transfer in environmental management." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/696.
Повний текст джерелаO'Shea, Keith. "An examination of the theory and practice of project management knowledge and its transferability in Western Australia." Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2230.
Повний текст джерелаO'Shea, Keith. "An examination of the theory and practice of project management knowledge and its transferability in Western Australia." Curtin University of Technology, Curtin Business School, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21429.
Повний текст джерелаWalsh, Fiona Jane. "To hunt and to hold : Martu Aboriginal people's uses and knowledge of their country, with implications for co-management in Karlamilyi (Rudall River) National Park and the Great Sandy Desert, Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Plant Biology, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0127.
Повний текст джерелаDuczynski, Guy A. "To what extent can knowledge management systems build and reinforce consensus around initiatives for change?: A self-reflective analysis of professional practice." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1518.
Повний текст джерелаBeckett, Ronald C., University of Western Sydney, College of Law and Business, and School of Management. "Learning organisations in high technology industries." THESIS_CB_MAN_Beckett_R.xml, 2001. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/299.
Повний текст джерелаDoctor of Business Administration
Hughes, Vince. "An examination of facilitators and inhibitors to knowledge sharing in a policing environment : lessons from intelligence-led crime management units of the Western Australia Police Service." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2005. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/638.
Повний текст джерелаBuranaburivast, Vorapoj. "Applying social capital to electronic networks of practice : blog communities." UWA Business School, 2009. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0209.
Повний текст джерелаReynolds, Mary Elizabeth. "The Contribution of Knowledge Management to Learning : an Exploration of its Practice and Potential in Australian and New Zealand Schools." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/25994.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation (MEd)--University of Pretoria, 2006.
Curriculum Studies
MEd
Unrestricted
Yuan, Mei. "An integrated knowledge management framework for managing sustainability knowledge in the Australian infrastructure sector." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2011. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/46843/1/Mei_Yuan_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаFache, Élodie. "Impérialisme écologique ou développement ? : Les acteurs de la gestion des ressources naturelles à Ngukurr en Australie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3037.
Повний текст джерелаIn Northern Australia, a new category of Indigenous social actors emerged in the 1990s: “rangers”. Their jobs and programmes are based on the professionalization and formalization of “traditional” responsibilities for the land and sea. They are presented as natural resource management and biodiversity conservation mechanisms controlled by Indigenous communities and as a basis for local “development”.This thesis proposes a critical view of the ranger system, starting from the following question: is this system a form of “ecological imperialism”? The ethnography (2009-2010) of the social interactions at work in the activities of the Ngukurr community's ranger group (Arnhem Land, Northern Territory) is combined with a contextualization and an analysis linking local, regional and national levels with the international discourse.The ranger system reflects various endogenous and exogenous logics that go beyond its stated aims of environmental and socioeconomic resilience. It is based on complex power relations and negotiations between the different actors involved (including the Australian State), between “traditional ecological knowledge” and science, and between local and bureaucratic social relationships. This study reveals the bureaucratization process and the many external interventions and ambivalences inherent in this system which (re)produces social distinctions and tensions. It also highlights the mediator or broker role played by the rangers as well as the ambiguous position of the researcher in such a context
Antoniak, Edward Information Technology & Electrical Engineering Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "A study of organisational effectiveness : contingent coupling of human, structural and financial resources through knowledge management practices." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/39033.
Повний текст джерелаReynolds, Mary E. "The contribution of knowledge management to learning an exploration of its practice and potential in Australian and New Zealand schools /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07022005-062930/.
Повний текст джерелаLeavy, Brett A. "Australian Aboriginal virtual heritage." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2014. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/72790/1/Brett_Leavy_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWilson, Geoffrey David. "Strategies for designing and implementing knowledge management systems: An interpretive case study of two Western Australian house-building firms." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2006. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/406.
Повний текст джерелаNorman, Karma C. "Grasping Adubad : Badulgal management, tenure, knowledge and harvest within the marine environment of the Torres Strait /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6547.
Повний текст джерелаNasir, Uddin Mohammad. "Impact of knowledge management and inter-organizational system on supply chain performance : the case of Australian agri-food industry." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2621.
Повний текст джерелаWalker, Roz. "Transformative strategies in Indigenous education a study of decolonisation and positive social change." Click here for electronic access, 2004. http://adt.caul.edu.au/homesearch/get/?mode=advanced&format=summary&nratt=2&combiner0=and&op0=ss&att1=DC.Identifier&combiner1=and&op1=-sw&prevquery=OR%28REL%28SS%3BDC.Identifier%3Buws.edu.au%29%2CREL%28WD%3BDC.Relation%3BNUWS%29%29&att0=DC.Title&val0=Transformative+strategies+in+indigenous+education+&val1=NBD%3A.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from electronic document (viewed 15/6/10) Presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, University of Western Sydney, 2004. Includes bibliography.
Georgiou, Jonathan. "Exploring the benefits of attracting, recruiting and retaining mature age employees up to and beyond the traditional age of retirement: Perspectives from Western Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2015. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1632.
Повний текст джерелаMigdadi, Mahmoud Mohammad. "An integrative view and empirical examination of the relationships among knowledge management enablers, processes, and organizational performance in Australian enterprises." Access electronically, 2005. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20060511.153300/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаDean, Anthony Francis. "Australian universities in the information economy electronic commerce and the business of distance education /." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20050929.114913/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаLarkin, Devitt. "Aligning with the rapidly shifting technological goalposts : the review and update of the RIMPA technology survey." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2012. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/516.
Повний текст джерелаForbes, Sharon L. "The influence of individual characteristics, product attributes and usage situations on consumer behaviour : an exploratory study of the New Zealand, Australian, UK and US wine markets : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Marketing at Lincoln University /." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/901.
Повний текст джерелаAlgeo, CT. "How do project managers acquire and exchange knowledge? An action research study of project managers in Australia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10453/28074.
Повний текст джерелаThis research study is based on a concern in the project management community, and Australian industry in general, about intergenerational loss of project management knowledge because of a talent exodus, resulting in a loss of capability within organisations. The results of an investigation conducted to understand how knowledge is acquired and exchanged in the delivery of projects in Australia by project managers are presented in this thesis. Two primary research questions were formed for this investigation: 1. How do project managers acquire project management knowledge?; and 2. How do project managers exchange project management knowledge? A secondary research question was developed to identify the knowledge sources which project managers use to acquire and exchange project management knowledge. The research also aims to demonstrate how a project manager’s personal behaviour, and the environment, influence how they acquire and exchange knowledge. An approach was required to separate what transpired during the acquisition and exchange of knowledge from the act of managing projects. The experiential approach is also used to examine the rhetoric of project managers, compared to observing actual behaviour. In the context of being situated in the workplace, conducting the investigation using an interpretivist research paradigm allowed themes to emerge and contribute to theory. A review of contemporary project management literature and practice resulted in a research framework based on a review of project management training, education and competency, and the areas underpinning knowledge acquisition and exchange. To structure this approach, four clusters were constructed to allow for interpretation covering knowledge acquisition; knowledge exchange; knowledge environment; and knowledge drivers. As the research evolved, emerging information and related topics to address the research questions, could be accommodated within these clusters. To accommodate the research paradigm an action research methodology was selected for the study, which involved iterative cycles of interaction and reflection to examine the project manager’s situation. Within these cycles, changes were made in order to evaluate how project managers could exchange knowledge more effectively. Several spin-off cycles were also employed to generate timely input from an external reference group to augment the rigour of the investigation. To identify research participant led, themes a systematic process was designed to collect, transcribe, and analyse the data, while recording the researcher’s reflections for interpretation. The themes relating to how project managers acquire and exchange knowledge were compared to the literature to identify divergence or convergence, and compare theories of social exchange, action, and reasoned action. The evidence from the research indicates experienced project managers in Australia acquire knowledge primarily from workplace experiences and interaction with, and guidance from, work colleagues. Further, project managers in the study were observed using formal ways to exchange knowledge and did so in an impersonal manner. However, in the exchange of knowledge, inconsistencies existed between project managers’ observed behaviour, opinions of their work colleagues, and the project managers’ view of themselves, indicating different perspectives of practice. Findings from the research contribute to social, action, and reasoned action theory relating to project management, with opportunities to apply the action research methodology to project management research, and to embed knowledge acquisition and exchange in project management policy. The research advances the practice of project management by establishing how knowledge is exchanged at project manager level.
Smith, Annabel L. "Reptile dispersal and demography after fire : process-based knowledge to assist fire management for biodiversity." Phd thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/149596.
Повний текст джерелаChugh, Ritesh. "Knowledge ubiquity through the transfer of tacit knowledge in Australian universities." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/24840/.
Повний текст джерелаHamilton, Serena. "Modelling freshwater ecological systems under limited data and knowledge." Phd thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151053.
Повний текст джерелаGratani, Monica. "Promoting the inclusion of Indigenous knowledge in natural resource management: a case study from the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia." Thesis, 2015. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/43662/1/43662-gratani-2015-thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаKueh, Yee Cheng. "Modelling knowledge, attitudes, self-management, and quality of life in type 2 diabetes mellitus." Thesis, 2014. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/24836/.
Повний текст джерелаLazarow, Neil Sherman. "Managing and valuing coastal resources : an examination of the importance of local knowledge and surf breaks to coastal communities." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150598.
Повний текст джерелаKannan, Selvi. "Perspectives on knowledge retention and loss from expert attrition : an organisational case study." Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/34846/.
Повний текст джерелаMcLaughlin, Karen. "Asthma and pregnancy: a qualitative descriptive study of midwives' current knowledge about asthma in pregnancy and their perceived role in antenatal asthma management in Australia." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/1051134.
Повний текст джерелаAsthma continues to be one of the most common potentially serious conditions that can complicate pregnancy. At least 12% of pregnant women in Australia are affected by asthma. Many studies have examined the link between poorly controlled asthma and increased exacerbations during pregnancy with increased foetal and maternal morbidity. Despite asthma management guidelines advocating a collaborative approach to antenatal asthma management among health professionals, the role of the midwife in antenatal asthma management has not previously been examined. This study set out to explore what midwives currently know about asthma in pregnancy and their perceived role in antenatal asthma management. A qualitative descriptive design was used and data were collected via face-to-face interviews with 13 midwives who consented to participate in the study. Data collected from these interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed using qualitative content analysis. The findings from these data are as follows: that midwives’ current knowledge about asthma in pregnancy varies among the sample group with some participants having an awareness of possible changes in asthma symptoms during pregnancy but few participants knowing the range of potential consequences of poor asthma management for both mother and baby. The perceived role of midwives in antenatal asthma management also varies with some midwives stating that they feel their role is to educate women regarding their asthma and others stating that their role is to refer women to other health professionals. Barriers to providing antenatal asthma management were also identified by the midwives. Participants also offered suggested solutions to the barriers that were identified. Overall, there was found to be no uniform approach to the antenatal asthma management being undertaken in the facility in which this study took place. The development of an antenatal asthma clinical pathway could help to change current clinical practice regarding asthma management of pregnant women, and make that process more uniform. Increasing opportunities for asthma education for those who provide antenatal asthma management could also help determine the role of the midwife when caring for a pregnant woman with asthma. The findings of this study also have implications for further research into the role of the midwives working with women who have complex needs during the antenatal period.
Sood, Hitu. "Exploring Open Innovation in the Biotechnology Industry: A Qualitative Study." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/41807/.
Повний текст джерелаLigtermoet, Emma. "People, place and practice on the margins in a changing climate: Sustaining freshwater customary harvesting in coastal floodplain country of the Alligator Rivers Region, Northern Territory of Australia." Phd thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/164233.
Повний текст джерелаLarkin, Roslyn. "Human resource management and knowledge transfer in Australian subsidiaries of MNE's operating in the international hospitality industry." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.13/932645.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was to examine the influences of Human Resource Management (HRM) practices on knowledge transfer between Australian subsidiaries of an International hotel chain. Generally, the research enabled understanding of the organisations commitment to knowledge transfer within and between its subsidiaries, the organisations use of knowledge transfer mechanisms including Information Technology Communication systems and socially constructed mechanisms, and the effects of HRM practices on each within the context of the organisations strategic and operating environments. The research used Gupta and Govindarajan’s (2000) knowledge transfer dimensions to establish a framework for analysis thereby incorporating both motivational and ability aspects of knowledge transfer behaviours. The research used a qualitative, single complex case study approach which was chosen due to its ability to capture both human and situational influences impacting on the social phenomena. This approach was called for by commentators, for example Litteljohn (1997) in order to capture the complexity of the increasing internationalisation and geocentric nature of the hotel sector. Refer to Appendix 1 for the ‘mix’ of research constructs investigated in this study. Data collection involved interviews with 32 respondents from 3 primary groups. These were regional or executive management, site or hotel general managers and site, regional or state regional HR staff and managers. Primarily, the findings demonstrated that a number of HR practices clearly influenced knowledge transfer across the organisations subsidiaries. Further, most practices were identified as influential to knowledge transfer across a number of dimensions. In many cases however, the key factor separating the influences was the actual transfer mechanism, that is, either Information Technology Communications or social systems. In all cases, the usefulness of the HR practice was either further facilitated or moderated by the organisations contextual factors and decision making processes, many of which were as a result of the decentralised HR system. Aside from the findings that were established through the application of the framework, this study offers additional insight across a number of areas as a xiii consequence of the research. These findings included the need to consider the effect of HR practices on knowledge transfer as an interrelated system of practices, the potential negative effects of the organisations competitive or market strategy on knowledge transfer outcomes, and the requirement for purposeful integration of both knowledge transfer mechanisms when seeking to understand organisational knowledge transfers.