Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Know The Introduction of 64 Districts of Bangladesh"

Arsenic contamination has been recognized as an acute national problem in Bangladesh. Tube wells, one of the most important source of drinking water in Bangladesh, are contaminated by arsenic in 61 districts out of a total of 64. Children who are exposed to high levels of arsenic in their drinking water are 7 to 12 times susceptible then adult. This study was conducted to know the arsenic concentration level in primary schools’ tube wells. Twenty seven schools were selected at Palashbari upazila of Gaibandha district under Rangpur division. Econo Quick test kit was used to measure arsenic concentration. Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to indicate the geographic location. Fifteen were Sallow Tube Well no. 06 and eleven were Deep Tube Well no. 06 among the examined tube wells. Arsenic concentration of these studied tube wells were ranged between 0 to 200?g/L. Except two all are below (0 to 10?g/L) the WHO maximum permissible level (50?g/L). Among these two one lies marginal level (50?g/L) and another crosses the level (200?g/L). Arsenic concentrations of these tube wells were not high. So, there could be considered as a safe source of drinking water for the pupils of these primary schools.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v4i2.10159 J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 4(2): 115-120, 2011

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic induced lockdown as prevention and control measure, forced people globally to limit their movements and to stay at home for extended period of time. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of lockdown on intimate partner violence in Bangladesh. Methods: We conducted a secondary research by employing a Poisson regression model to estimate the effect of pandemic-led lockdown policy on the change in the number of intimate partner violence-related calls during pandemic using national emergency helpline 999 call logs. Data from January 2019 to May 2020 for 64 districts produced 1088 district-month-year observations which had been used for the main analysis. Results: We found a 46% decrease in the incidence rate of intimate partner violence-related calls during the pandemic after adjusting for year, month, district fixed-effects—suggesting, non-reporting of the violence might have exacerbated during lockdown. Conclusion: While increasing rate of intimate partner violence is one side of issue, non-reporting of it has received less attention and during the lockdown non-reporting might grow large and have severe health impacts for women.

Abstract There is a well-recognized need for empirical study of processes and factors that influence scale up of evidence-based interventions in low-income countries to address the ‘know-do’ gap. We undertook a qualitative case study of the scale up of chlorhexidine cleansing of the umbilical cord (CHX) in Bangladesh to identify and compare facilitators and barriers for the institutionalization and expansion stages of scale up. Data collection and analysis for this case study were informed by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the WHO/ExpandNet model of scale up. At the national level, we interviewed 20 stakeholders involved in CHX policy or implementation. At the district level, we conducted interviews with 31 facility-based healthcare providers in five districts and focus group discussions (FGDs) with eight community-based providers and eight programme managers. At the community level, we conducted 7 FGDs with 53 mothers who had a baby within the past year. Expanded interview notes were thematically coded and analysed following an adapted Framework approach. National stakeholders identified external policy and incentives, and the engagement of stakeholders in policy development through the National Technical Working Committee for Newborn Health, as key facilitators for policy and health systems changes. Stakeholders, providers and families perceived the intervention to be simple, safe and effective, and more consistent with family preferences than the prior policy of dry cord care. The major barriers that delayed or decreased the public health impact of the scale up of CHX in Bangladesh’s public health system related to commodity production, procurement and distribution. Bangladesh’s experience scaling up CHX suggests that scale up should involve early needs assessments and planning for institutionalizing new drugs and commodities into the supply chain. While the five CFIR domains were useful for categorizing barriers and facilitators, additional constructs are needed for common health systems barriers in low-income settings.

Introduction: COVID-19 virus has become a highly contagious disease as pandemic in the current situation over the world. As a communicable disease, COVID-19 can be transmitted so rapidly from nurse to nurse, patient to nurse and nurse to other group of people. Health care workers should know knowledge about this communicable disease. This is why we have done this study. Methods: The cross sectional study was conducted in Sylhet Women’s Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh; from January to June 2021. Face to face data was collected. Data was collected by researcher themselves. Collected data were checked, coded and transferred into the SPSS V22.0 for analyzing data. Frequency, percentages, mean and t-test statistics were calculated. Results: Among the participants, the age mean of senior staff nurse and junior staff nurse is 24.34 year and 33.66 year. The result shows that among senior staff nurse 25.74% was male and 74.26% was female, on the other hand among junior staff nurse, there was 100% female and no male junior staff nurse in this study. Among 134 participants of SSN, 86.77% and 96.32% were answered “yes” against “COVID-19 is communicable disease” and “COVID-19 is virus” where among 64 participants of JSN, 59.38% and 89.06% were answered “yes” against same questions. In case of “Yes” result, SSN is answer better than JSN which is statistically significant (p value is 0.006366). Conclusion: There is comparably better knowledge about COVID-19 disease to SSN than JSN. Health care workers must gain knowledge about such pandemic disease. By gaining well knowledge; everybody can stop spreading infection of COVID-19 disease.

Introduction: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a disorder of the preocular tear film that results in damage to the ocular surface and is associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort. It may be helpful to know that “sicca” is part of the English word “desiccate.” The dry eye syndrome in which the eyes do not produce enough tears is also known as “Sjögren’s syndrome”. Objective: To assess the clinical profile of patients of dry eye. Methods: This was a prospective observational study was conducted at Department of Eye, Barind Medical College and Hospital, Rajshahi, Bangladesh from January to June 2022. Total 101 eyes of 51 patients with dry eye complaining of burning, itching, foreign body sensation, grittiness, redness and pain,. Dry eye diagnostic tests were done in all the patients. Results: There were 20 males and 31 females and the age group taken was 30 to 75 years. 15 patients belonged to the age group of 30 to 45 years, out of which 9 were males and 5 were females. 29 patients belonged to age group of 46 to 60 years, out of which 8 were males and 22 were females. 7 patients belonged to the age group of 61 to 75 years, out of which 2 were males and 5 were females. Most common presentation in dry eye patients is foreign body sensation in 38% patients followed by itching in 29% patients, burning sensation in 23% patients, redness in 6% patients and pain in 4% patients. Conclusion: Most common presentation of dry eye is foreign body sensation and itching followed by burning sensation. Dry eye diagnostic tests like Tear film break up time was positive in 64% patients and Schirmers test was positive in 52% of patients along with other dry eye diagnostic tests.

Introduction and Aims: Congenital malformations (CMs) are a worldwide public health problem. The adequate use of FA by Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) seeking conception or not excluding the possibility of a pregnancy resulted to be insufficient throughout the country. One of the presumed factors is awareness level and attitudes of healthcare professionals recommending FA and preconception counseling WRA. To date very few studies have been carried out to investigate healthcare professionals’ awareness about CMs and preventing measures. Materials and Method: The main aim of this research study was to assess the awareness level of healthcare professionals involved in preconception counseling for reducing CMs in Telangana state of India. A preliminary survey on a sample of 141 healthcare professionals was carried out in Hyderabad and Warangal districts of Telangana state, India. The instrument used for conducting the survey was a self-administrated questionnaire with 14 questions. Targeted populations were different healthcare professionals working in the private hospitals. Results: Majority of healthcare professionals identified smoking (64%), alcohol drinking (70%), rubella (94%), varicella and toxoplasmosis (97%) as risk factors for increased occurrence of CMs. Around 96% of the healthcare professionals know that intake of Folic Acid (FA) only from daily diet at Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) seeking pregnancy is insufficient, and 97.16% are well informed that additional supplementation should be taken. However only 60% of them are correctly informed on the appropriate time, when FA should be used as supplement. Conclusions: The awareness level of healthcare staff is almost at satisfactory level, and only few gaps were noticed, especially about recommendation of preventive measures and the right time to adopt them. To fill the identified gaps on specific aspects of healthcare professionals’ knowledge, there is a need for actions and training strategies to update the staff. However, these preliminary results make clear the fact that the healthcare professionals’ awareness level is not automatically translated into an effective transfer of information to women. Finally, further research studies are needed to advance in discovering the real causes of awareness predicting factors among women and modalities to increase it.

Introduction: Vector-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted by arthropods or invertebrates and caused by different microorganisms in human. These diseases accounts for almost 20% of the diseases and disability suffered globally. More than 50% the global population at present projected to be at risk of diseases transmitted by arthropod or invertebrate vectors. Knowledge on the existing perception and practices on transmission of vector borne diseases among rural community would be beneficial to provide a need-based health care delivery system to them. Objective: To know about the perception and practices regarding vector borne diseases in rural community. Materials and Methods: This observational type of crosssectional study was conducted by non-probability purposive sampling method in 474 respondents of Dhamrai and Saturia Upazila from August 2019 to February 2020. Data were analyzed by using Microsoft office packages and calculator and presented in the form of tabulation and diagrams. Results: Findings of this study showed that 76% respondents were Muslims and 35% respondents were above 50 years old. Among 474 respondents, 88% and 78% stated mosquitos and houseflies as vectors responsible for transmitting various diseases, after that 35% Itch mite, 34% Louse and 42% Sandflies. Respectively 72% and 85% respondents stated Malaria and Dengue is transmitted by arthropod vectors, followed by 54% Chikungunya, 35% Kala azar, 13% Filariasis and 33% Typhoid fever. Though, 64%, 67%, 86% and 22% respondents stated bite of mosquito as mode of transmission of malaria, chikungunya, dengue and filariasis correspondingly. In particular, 95%, 87%, 1% and 17% respondents stated personal protection measures, removal of water collection, fogging and spraying as the control measures for mosquito and other vector associated diseases respectively. However, 91%, 74% and 78% respondents used mosquito net, mosquito coil and screening of windows as their frequently used methods for preventing vector borne diseases. Conclusion: Knowledge about arthropod vectors and vector borne diseases at rural level requires improvement. A fair percent of respondents having satisfactory information regarding the name of arthropod vector and illnesses transmitted by them, their mode of transmission in addition to distinct control measures for the prevention of vector borne diseases. Community oriented health education modules should be adopted by the government to boom the knowledge of the village people concerning name of precise vectors and the sicknesses transmitted by means of them. JAFMC Bangladesh. Vol 17, No 2 (December) 2021: 33-38

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The study was designed to know the existing stocks under subsistence farming conditions to a specific area in Sylhet districts. Keeping this mind Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute initiated a baseline survey, awareness build-up through training programme and proper technical advisory services during July 2015 to June 2016 in Jaintapur and Balaganj upazilas under Sylhet district. For doing this, a total 200 respondents from two upazilas were randomly selected and interviewed face to face interview of every family in the village through pre-tested questionnaire for collection of information. A focus group discussion was also carried out to supplement the surveyed covering to assess the household asset possession, existing livestock production potentiality, available feed resources and disease prevalence situation as well as to find out the constraints prevailed at farmers level. After completing the base line survey, one hundred beneficiaries were selected randomly from two upazillas (50 from each upazilla) and were given training and demonstration of farm management activities and side by side proper technical advisory services also for creating awareness. The findings of baseline survey information indicated irrespective of the land, manpower, livestock resource and other input that are always being considered as social and economical up-liftman indicator for and specific area, the studied area is not exceptional. Any technology when introduce for specific area for specific purpose most of cases found remarkable improvement. So the scope and opportunity that is prevail in the studied area, being nourished through respective technological intervention for livestock development could be achieved. In this regard especially for livestock development, BLRI developed suitable technological intervention and awareness build-up programme is needed to a large area in different parts of the country to increase the overall existing livestock productivity to a great extent. Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 21-25: 56-64, 2018

Abstract Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted maternal and newborn health services in Bangladesh, exacerbating the large gaps in service utilization that existed prior to the pandemic. As part of its response, Bangladesh initiated remote antenatal and postnatal care telemedicine services led by midwives in 36 sub-district hospitals across five of Bangladesh’s 64 districts. Gender-based violence screening and referral were integrated into the service to address a reported rise in violence following the country’s pandemic lockdown. Methods Mixed-methods implementation research was used to develop an intrinsic case study describing the design and implementation of the telemedicine program. Qualitative analysis comprised document review, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions. Quantitative analysis employed an interrupted time series analysis with segmented multi-variate regression to compare maternity care service use trends before and after implementation. Poisson regression analysis was used to examine the trend in number of gender-based violence remote screenings, sessions held, and cases identified. Results A statistically significant change in trend for onsite antenatal and postpartum care as well as women seeking care at the hospital as a result of postpartum hemorrhage arising in the community was observed following the introduction of telemedicine. Facility births and cases of eclampsia appropriately identified and managed also had significant increases. In addition, over 6917 women were screened for GBV, 223 received counseling and 34 referrals were made, showing a statistically significant increase in frequency over time following the implementation of the telemedicine program. Challenges included that not all midwives adopted GBV screening, some women were reluctant to discuss GBV, there was an unanticipated need to introduce a patient visit scheduling system in all intervention hospitals, and many women were not reachable by phone due to lack of access or network coverage. Conclusions Maternal health and gender-based violence telemedicine led by midwives was an effective, low-cost intervention in Bangladesh for addressing pandemic and pre-pandemic gaps in service use. Other low and middle-income countries planning to implement remote maternal health interventions via midwives should consider whether a patient visit scheduling system needs to be introduced, as well as limitations around mobile phone access and connectivity. Future research should include care quality oversight and improvement, and a more well-informed strategy for facilitating effective GBV screening.