Дисертації з теми "Knot Floer"

Thesis advisor: John A. Baldwin
Contact geometry has played a central role in many recent advances in low-dimensional topology; e.g. in showing that knot Floer homology detects the genus of a knot and whether a knot is fibered. It has also been used to show that the unknot, trefoil, and figure eight knot are determined by their Dehn surgeries. An important problem in 3-dimensional contact geometry is the classification of Legendrian and transverse knots. Such knots come equipped with some classical invariants. New invariants from knot Floer homology have been effective in distinguishing Legendrian and transverse knots with identical classical invariants, a notoriously difficult task. The Giroux correspondence allows contact structures to be studied via purely topological constructs called open book decompositions. Transverse links are then braids about these open books, which in turn may be thought of as mapping tori of diffeomorphisms of compact surfaces with boundary having marked points, which we refer to as pointed monodromies. In the first part of this thesis, we investigate properties of the transverse invariant in knot Floer homology, in particular its behavior for transverse closures of pointed monodromies possessing certain dynamical properties. The binding of an open book sits naturally as a transverse link in the supported contact manifold. We prove that the transverse link invariant in knot Floer homology of the binding union any braid about the open book is non-zero. As an application, we show that any pointed monodromy with fractional Dehn twist coefficient greater than one has non-zero transverse invariant, generalizing a result of Plamenevskaya for braids about the unknot. In the second part of this thesis, we define invariants of Legendrian and transverse links in universally tight lens spaces using grid diagrams, generalizing those defined by Ozsvath, Szabo and Thurston. We show that our invariants are equivalent to those defined by Lisca, Ozsvath, Szabo and Stipsicz for Legendrian and transverse links in arbitrary contact 3-manifolds. Our argument involves considering braids about rational open book decompositions and filtrations on knot Floer complexes
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2019
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Mathematics

In this thesis we investigate the problem of defining an extension of sutured instanton Floer homology to give an instanton invariant for a tangle. We do this in three separate steps. First, we investigate the representation variety of singular flat connections on a punctured Riemann surface \(\Sigma\). Suppose \(\Sigma\) has genus \(g\) and that there are \(n\) punctures. We give formulae for the Betti numbers of the space \(\mathcal{R}_{g,n}\) of flat \(SU(2)\)-connections on \(\Sigma\) with trace 0 holonomy around the punctures. By using a natural extension of the Atiyah-Bott generators for the cohomology ring \(H^*(\mathcal{R}_{g,n})\), we are able to write down a presentation for this ring in the case \(g=0\) of a punctured sphere. This is accomplished by studying the intersections of Poincaré dual submanifolds for the new generators and reducing the calculation to a linear algebra problem involving the symplectic volumes of the representation variety. We then study the related problem of computing the instanton Floer homology for a product link in a product 3-manifold

\((Y_g, K_n) := (S^1 \times \Sigma, S^1 \times \{n pts\})\).<\p> It is easy to see that the Floer homology of this pair, as a vector space, is essentially the same as the cohomology of \(\mathcal{R}_{g,n}\), and so we set ourselves to determining a presentation for the natural algebra structure on it in the case \(g = 0\). By leveraging a stable parabolic bundles calculation for \(n = 3\) and an easier version of this Floer homology, \(I _*(Y_0, K_n, u)\), we are able to write down a complete presentation for the Floer homology \(I _*(Y_0, K_n)\) as a ring. We recapitulate somewhat the techniques in \([\boldsymbol{27}]\) in order to do this. Crucially, we deduce that the eigenspace for the top eigenvalue for a natural operator \(\mu^{ orb} (\Sigma)\) on \(I_* (Y_0, K_n)\) is 1-dimensional.Finally, we leverage this 1-dimensional eigenspace to define an instanton tangle invariant THI and several variants by mimicking the de nition of sutured Floer homology SHI in \([\boldsymbol{22}]\). We then prove this invariant enjoys nice properties with respect to concatenation, and prove a nontriviality result which shows that it detects the product tangle in certain cases.
Mathematics

Soit (Y; α) une 3-variété de contact et HF(Y ), ECH(Y; α ) respectivement les homologies de Heegaard Floer et de contact plongée associées. Dans une serie d’articles, Colin, Ghiggini et Honda prouvent qu’il existe un morphisme de chaînes qui induit un isomorphisme Φ* : HF(Y ) → ECH(Y;α) en homologie. Étant donné un noeud K dans Y , une version chapeau ECK(K; Y; α) de l’homologie de contact plongée pour les noeuds est définie dans [13] et un isomorphisme avec l’homologie de Heegaard Floer HFK(K; Y ) est conjecturé. Ces deux homologies peuvent être définies comme la première page de suites spectrales déterminées par des filtrations induites par K sur des complexes de chaînes pour ECH (Y; α) et HF(Y ). Le but de cette thèse est de fournir des indices sur la véracité de cette conjecture. On définie une version complète ECK de l’homologie\ECK et on généralise les définitions de ECK et ECK aux entrelacs. On calcule ensuite les caractéristiques d’Euler de ces homologies pour les noeuds et entrelacs dans les trois-sphères d’homologie (munies d’une forme de contact convenable) et on prouve que, dans S3, l’homologie ECK est une catégorification du polynôme d’Alexander à multivariables. Ce fait, associé à un résultat bien connu analogue en HFK, implique que la conjecture est vraie au niveau de caractéristiques d’Euler en S3. Finalement, nous montrons que, à homotopies de chaînes près, le morphisme Φ préserve les filtrations du noeud. Ceci peut être considéré comme la première étape d’une preuve de la conjecture pour les noeuds fibrés
Given a contact 3-manifold (Y; α), let HF(Y ) and \ECH(Y; ) be the associated Heegaard Floer and, respectively, embedded contact homologies. In a series of papers Colin, Ghiggini and Honda proved that there exists a chain map that induces an isomorphism : HF(Y ) → ECH(Y; α) in homology. Given a knot K in Y , in [13] a hat embedded contact knot homology ECK(K; Y; α) is defined and an isomorphism with the hat Heegaard Floer knot homology HFK(K; Y ) is conjectured. These two homologies can be defined as first pages of spectral sequences arising from filtrations induced by K on chain complexes for ECH(Y; α) and HF(Y ). The aim of this thesis is to provide some evidences about the veracity of this conjecture. We define a full ECK homology and we generalize the definitions of ECK and ECK to any link. We compute then the Euler characteristics of these homologies for knots and links in homology three-spheres (endowed with a suitable contact form) and we prove that in S3 the ECK homology is a categorification of the multivariable Alexander polynomial. This fact, together with a well known analogous result in HFK, implies that the conjecture is true at the level of Euler characteristics in S3. Finally we show that, up to chain homotopies, the chain map Φ preserves the knot filtrations. This can be considered as a first step of a proof of the conjecture for fibered knots

Thesis advisor: Julia E. Grigsby
"Ozsváth, Stipsicz and Szabó define a one-parameter family {ϒᴋ(t)}t∈[₀,₂] of Heegaard Floer knot invariants for knots K ⊂ S³ . We generalize ϒᴋ (t) to knots in any" "rational homology sphere. We study the ϒ−invariant of a fibered knot. We prove that the ϒ−invariant can never reach its minimum slope if the monodromy of the fibration is not right-veering
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Mathematics

Embedded contact homology is an invariant of closed oriented contact 3-manifolds first defined by Hutchings, and is isomorphic to both Heegard Floer homology (by the work of Colin, Ghiggini and Honda) and Seiberg-Witten Floer cohomology (by the work of Taubes). The embedded contact chain complex is defined by counting closed orbits of the Reeb vector field and certain pseudoholomorphic curves in the symplectization of the manifold. As part of their proof that ECH=HF, Colin, Ghiggini and Honda showed that if the contact form is suitably adapted to an open book decomposition of the manifold, then embedded contact homology can be computed by considering only orbits and differentials in the complement of the binding of the open book; this fact was then in turn used to define a knot version of embedded contact homology, denoted ECK, where the (null-homologous) knot in question is given by the binding. In this thesis we start by generalizing these results to the case of rational open book decompositions, allowing us to define ECK for rationally null-homologous knots. In its most general form this is a bi-filtered chain complex whose homology yields ECH of the closed manifold. There is also a hat version of ECK in this situation which is equipped with an Alexander grading equivalent to that in the Heegaard Floer setting, categorifies the Alexander polynomial, and is conjecturally isomorphic to the hat version of knot Floer homology. The main result of this thesis is a large negative $n$-surgery formula for ECK. Namely, we start with an (integral) open book decomposition of a manifold with binding $K$ and compute, for all $n$ greater than or equal to twice the genus of $K$, ECK of the knot $K(-n)$ obtained by performing ($-n$)-surgery on $K$. This formula agrees with Hedden's large $n$-surgery formula for HFK, providing supporting evidence towards the conjectured equivalence between the two theories. Along we the way, we also prove that ECK is, in many cases, independent of the choices made to define it, namely the almost complex structure on the symplectization and the homotopy type of the contact form. We also prove that, in the case of integral open book decompositions, the hat version of ECK is supported in Alexander gradings less than or equal to twice the genus of the knot.

PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O presente estudo analisa como mulheres pobres - auxiliares de serviços gerais, em uma universidade privada no Rio de Janeiro – organizam suas experiências pessoais, familiares e de trabalho em narrativas de história de vida. Na contemporaneidade, é crescente, nas ciências humanas e sociais, o interesse pelo estudo da narrativa enquanto ação no mundo social, no processo de construção das identidades. Nesta dinâmica, os dados, gerados em situação de entrevista, à luz da metodologia qualitativa e interpretativista, foram analisados com base em uma perspectiva sociointeracional do discurso. A análise se dá a partir da utilização das categorias labovianas para identificação dos episódios narrativos, com foco nos recursos avaliativos. Observa-se também, a partir da performance narrativa/identitária, o sentido que é construído pelas entrevistadas ao (re)contar experiências passadas, situações correntes ou ainda projeções futuras e/ou hipotéticas. Assim, as narrativas estudadas permitiram observar algumas dimensões do mundo das entrevistadas em relação à família, ao estudo e ao trabalho. Nesse mundo, a experiência de vida é apresentada com pouco acesso à instrução escolar e ao apoio da estrutura familiar padrão, com consequentes reflexos nas construções identitárias. O papel da família é crucial no processo de organização de sentidos, no qual a figura dos filhos impulsiona essas mulheres a suportar a dureza e a humilhação no/do trabalho, sendo depositada na maternidade a base da construção de suas identidades e da esperança de melhores condições de vida.
This study analyses how poor women – working as cleaning ladies at a private university at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil – organize their life, social and work experiences in life story narratives. In recent times, the Humanities and Social Science have become increasingly more interested in narrative studies as action in the social world, in processes of identity construction. In this sense, the data, produced in interview situation, were analyzed based on a qualitative and interpretative methodology, from a socio-interactional discourse perspective. The analysis uses labovian categories in order to identify narrative episodes, focusing on evaluative resources, and observes, from the narrative/identity performances of the women interviewed, the meanings constructed in (re)telling past experiences, current situations or future or hypothetical projections. Thus, the narratives studied have made it possible to observe some dimensions of the world of the women interviewed and how they construct meanings and connections with regards to their lives (family and education) and jobs. In this world, the life experiences are presented with very little access to education and to the family support, which is reflected in the women’s identity constructions. The family’s role is crucial in the process of organizing meanings. Children help these women to tolerate the hardness and the humiliation in/from their job. Their identity constructions are based on their experiences of motherhood and the hope of a better life.

I ett samhälle med allt större fokus på miljön och användning av förnybara resurser så har efterfrågan på trä som material ökat. En ökad efterfrågan på material kan i sin tur leda till att det kan bli svårt att få tag i material och då gäller det att företagen kan utnyttja sina resurser på bästa sätt och på det viset även kunna minska sina kostnader. Trä är ett organiskt material och har därmed egenskaper som inte förekommer hos andra material. Egenskaperna varierar mellan olika trädslag, inom varje trädslag samt inom varje enskilt träd. Detta beror bland annat på cell och kviststrukturen samt hur träden har växt. Med materialutnyttjande i fokus växte detta examensarbete fram för att kartlägga en produktionslina för golvstommar. Syftet var även att studera möjligheterna att minska materialförlusterna genom att limma ihop materialet två och två innan de gick vidare i processen. För att studera detta genomfördes först en bakgrundsstudie kring trä som material samt limfogning av trä. Därefter genomfördes ett antal fallstudier för att kunna beräkna materialförlusterna i produktionen. Det följdes av en praktisk studie i en testmiljö där det studerades möjligheten att minska materialförlusterna genom att sammanfoga materialet med lim innan sönderdelning till lameller. Resultatet visade att det blev materialförluster både i form av sågspån, som är svårt att göra något åt, samt material som faller sönder till följd av främst kvistar. Materialförlusterna på grund av kvistar finns det möjlighet att minska på genom, vilket de partiska testerna av att sammanfoga materialet med lim innan sönderdelning visade. Att studera sina processer och dess materialutnyttjande är relevant för alla träförädlande företag så att råvaran utnyttjas på bästa möjliga sätt. Det går inte att eliminera alla materialförluster men en åtgärd för att minska materialförlusterna kan i detta fall vara att sammanfoga materialet innan sönderdelning.
In a society with an ever-growing focus on the environment and renewable recourses, the demand for wood as a material will increased. An increase in demand can, however, lead to a shortage in materials. This in turn puts pressure on companies to utilize their resources optimally to both conserve materials and to minimize the costs. Wood is an organic material which gives it unique properties compared to other materials. These properties are not however uniform and can change based on the type of wood. Differences in properties might occur between trees of the same wood species, and even in singular trees. This variety depends on the tree’s cellular and knots structure in addition to how it was grown. The focus of this bachelor thesis was the use of materials in a production line of flooring frames. The aim of this study was also to see if it was possible to minimize the loss of materials by gluing together two pieces of material before processing. The first step in completing this study was to perform a background study which focused on wood as a material and the usage of bonding agents for wood. The background study was then followed by a number of case studies where the loss of materials in the production line was calculated. The case studies were then in turn followed by a practical study performed in a test environment concerning the ability of minimizing material losses by adhering two pieces of material before processing them into lamina. The result showed a loss of materials in form of sawdust and materials breaking after processing, mainly due to knots. The sawdust is difficult to avoid but as the practical study showed, it was possible to reduce the loss of materials caused by knots, by adhering material together before processing it. To study the production and its use of materials is relevant for all wood manufacturing industries to ensure the optimal usage of the material. It is not possible to eliminate all material losses but one possible way to minimize it could be, in this case, to adhere material before it is processes.

Si la sueur fraîchement émise par le corps humain est inodore, la dégradation de celle-ci par la flore bactérienne cutanée produit des composés volatils malodorants, responsables des odeurs de transpiration. Les odeurs de transpiration apparaissent également sur les vêtements au cours de leur utilisation, particulièrement sur les textiles réalisés en fibres synthétiques. Ce travail a pour but d’améliorer la compréhension du phénomène d’émanation d’odeurs en étudiant l’effet du sujet testé, l’effet de la flore bactérienne et l’effet du textile sur les émissions de composés volatils malodorants.L’intérêt de ce travail réside dans l’approche globale de la problématique des odeurs de transpiration et dans la diversité des méthodes de mesure mises en place, tant dans l’étude de la flore microbiologique que dans les méthodes de mesures des composés odorants émis.Dans un premier temps, le dénombrement simultané de la flore bactérienne sur la peau et sur le vêtement a été réalisé sur un échantillon de 15 sujets à l’issue d’un exercice physique. Cette expérimentation a permis d’évaluer le taux de transfert bactérien moyen lors d’une activité sportive et d’étudier son rôle dans l’émission d’odeurs. Ensuite, afin d’affiner ces résultats, une méthode basée sur la biologie moléculaire a été mise en place pour réaliser le suivi qualitatif de la stabilité de la flore commensale axillaire d’un sujet pendant 3 mois. Le transfert bactérien spécifique entre la peau du testeur et le vêtement a été étudié pour 4 matières textiles sélectionnées (dont le coton et le PET). Ceci a permis de déterminer le rôle du transfert bactérien spécifique dans l’émission des odeurs à partir de textile.Enfin, le dernier chapitre est consacré à l’étude de l’émission de composés volatils et odorants à l’aide de mesures olfactives et d’un nez électronique au cours du temps par 8 composants textiles sélectionnés. Après traitement statistique par analyse en composante principale et étude détaillée des mesures, 9 composés chimiques ont été identifiés comme indicateurs d’un comportement textile malodorant. Ces derniers pourraient être utilisés dans la mise en place d’une méthode ciblée de mesure physico-chimique des mauvaises odeurs.Ce travail a permis de déterminer l’impact de chacun des facteurs sujet, flore bactérienne et textile dans l’émission d’odeurs. En outre, ce travail ouvre des perspectives sur l’étude des contaminations bactériennes par contact, mais également dans l’étude des odeurs, sur les phénomènes de désorption de molécules volatiles à partir de différentes matrices textiles et sur les solutions pouvant être envisagées pour limiter les émissions odorantes à partir de textiles
Fresh human sweat is odorless. Odoriferous volatile compounds are produced by the metabolism of bacteria living on the skin, generating strong malodor. Sweaty body odors do also appear on clothes during use, and especially on synthetic fabrics. The aim of this document is to improve understanding of odor emission by investigating subject effect, microbiota effect and fabric effect on the emission of odoriferous volatile compounds.Odors of perspiration are hereby globally approached with a wide use of methods and experimental devices, for microbial flora study as well as for odoriferous volatile compounds emission study.First, microflora enumeration has been simultaneously processed on the skin and on the fabric after exercise for 15 subjects. This experiment allowed an evaluation of the average bacterial transfer yield during physical activity and the beginning of the investigation of its effect on odor emission.A molecular biology methodology has then been developed in order to refine these results. Monitoring of qualitative composition of the microbiota has been performed to study the stability of the armpit’s ecosystem on a subject during 3 months. Specific microbial transfer from subject’s skin to clothe has been performed for 4 textile fabrics (including cotton and PET). This leaded to characterize the effect of specific bacterial transfer on odor emission from fabric.The last chapter is dedicated to the study of the emission of odoriferous volatile compounds over time using olfactory measurements and electronic nose for 8 selected fabrics. Principal component analysis targeted 9 chemical compounds that have been selected as malodorous behavior indicators for a given fabric. Those 9 compounds could be used for setting up a fitted physicochemical method of malodor.To conclude, this study helped to understand the effect of 3 factors in odor perception from a fabric after sport : subject, microbial flora and fabric. Perspectives have been charted on contact microbial contamination, but also on odor, and especially on desorption of odoriferous volatile molecules from a textile or knitted matrix. The solutions that could be used to limit malodorous emission from fabrics have also been discussed

With the goal of better understanding the connections between knot homology theories arising from categorification and from Heegaard Floer homology, we present a self-contained construction of knot Floer homology in the language of HOMFLY-PT homology. Using the cube of resolutions for knot Floer homology defined by Ozsváth and Szabó, we first give a purely algebraic proof of invariance that does not depend on Heegaard diagrams, holomorphic disks, or grid diagrams. Then, taking Khovanov's HOMFLY-PT homology as our model, we define a category of twisted Soergel bimodules and construct a braid group action on the homotopy category of complexes of twisted Soergel bimodules. We prove that the category of twisted Soergel bimodules categorifies the Hecke algebra with an extra indeterminate and its inverse adjoined. The braid group action, which is defined via twisted Rouquier complexes, is simultaneously a natural extension of the knot Floer cube of resolutions and a mild modification of the action by Rouquier complexes used by Khovanov in defining HOMFLY-PT homology. Finally, we introduce an operation Qu to play the role that Hochschild homology plays in HOMFLY-PT homology. We conjecture that applying Qu to the twisted Rouquier complex associated to a braid produces the knot Floer cube of resolutions chain complex associated to its braid closure. We prove a partial result in this direction.

In this dissertation we prove that if an n-stranded pretzel knot K has an essential Conway sphere, then there exists an Alexander grading s such that the rank of knot Floer homology in this grading, [mathematical equation], is at least two. As a consequence, we are able to easily classify pretzel knots admitting L-space surgeries. We conjecture that this phenomenon occurs more generally for any knot in S³ with an essential Conway sphere. We also exhibit an infinite family of knots, each of which admits a nontrivial genus two mutant which shares the same total dimension of knot Floer homology, while being distinguished by knot Floer homology as a bigraded invariant. Additionally, the genus two mutation interchanges the [mathematical symbol]-graded knot Floer homology groups in [mathematical symbol]-gradings k and -k. This infinite family of examples supports a second conjecture, namely that the total rank of knot Floer homology is invariant under genus two mutation.
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This thesis provides a partial classification of all 3-stranded pretzel knots K=P(p,q,r) with unknotting number one. Scharlemann-Thompson, and independently Kobayashi, have completely classified those knots with unknotting number one when p, q, and r are all odd. In the case where p=2m, we use the signature obstruction to greatly limit the number of 3-stranded pretzel knots which may have unknotting number one. In Chapter 3 we use Greene's strengthening of Donaldson's Diagonalization theorem to determine precisely which pretzel knots of the form P(2m,k,-k-2) have unknotting number one, where m is an integer, m>0, and k>0, k odd. In Chapter 4 we use Donaldson's Diagonalization theorem as well as an unknotting obstruction due to Ozsv\'ath and Szab\'o to partially classify which pretzel knots P(2,k,-k) have unknotting number one, where k>0, odd. The Ozsv\'ath-Szab\'o obstruction is a consequence of Heegaard Floer homology. Finally in Chapter 5 we explain why the techniques used in this paper cannot be used on the remaining cases.
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Thesis (M. Agric. (Plant Protection)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019
Plant extracts exhibited broad spectrum of activities against root-knot (Meloidogyne species) nematodes and had long been considered as an attractive alternative due to their being biodegradable and posing limited risk hazards to the environment, animal and human health. Additionally, the materials had been dubbed as being of low-input costs and had been viewed as being easy to apply in agricultural systems. The objective of the current study was to investigate the efficacy of paint-brush flower (Kleinia longiflora) either as fermented or granular formulations on suppression of M. javanica and their related effects on growth of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants under field and greenhouse conditions. Fermented crude extracts were applied at 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and 64%, whereas granular materials were applied at 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 g. Regardless of the product, the treatments were arranged in randomised complete block design (RCBD), with 12 replications. Kleinia longiflora plants were collected from the wild, chopped into pieces, oven-dried at 52⁰C and fermented in effective microorganisms (EM) for 14 days, whereas the remained were retained for use as granular formulation. Tomato seedlings cv. ꞌFloradadeꞌ were used as test plants inoculated with 2500 eggs and second-stage juveniles (J2) of M. javanica. At 56 days after the treatments, nematode and plant variables were collected, prepared using appropriate methodologies and subjected to analysis of variance using Statistix 10.0 software to generate means. Plant variables were subjected to the Curve-fitting Allelochemical Response Data (CARD) computer-based model to generate appropriate biological indices. Nematode and mineral elements variable means were subjected to lines of the best fit. Findings showed second-stage juveniles (J2) in roots, J2 in soil, eggs and Pf under increasing concentration were highly significant and exhibited negative quadratic relationship. The model explained the associations by 82, xvii 81, 74 and 76%, respectively. In granular formulation, the product had no significant effects on nematode population densities. The fermented crude extracts significantly affected and exhibited positive quadratic relations for dry fruit mass, chlorophyll content, dry shoot mass, number of flowers, plant height, number of fruit and stem diameter of tomato plants. The model explained the relationship by 97, 94, 95, 96, 94, 97 and 96%, respectively. In contrast, in granular formulation, the product had significant effects and positive exhibited quadratic relations on Chlorophyll content under field and greenhouse, plant height, dry root mass and dry shoot mass. The model explained the relationships by 52, 45, 56, 47 and 59%, respectively. Plant variables and increasing concentration of the products exhibited density-dependent growth patterns for both formulations, with overall sensitivity (∑k) values of 1 and 11, respectively. In fermented liquid and granular formulations, the Mean Concentration Stimulation Point (MCSP) values were derived at 1.97% and 2.84 g, respectively. The increasing concentration of fermented K. longiflora also had significant effects and exhibited negative quadratic relations on the accumulation of K, Na and Zn in leaf tissues of tomato plants. The model explained the associations with 87, 94 and 94%, respectively. In conclusion, the findings in the current study suggested that the nematicidal chemicals in K. longiflora could not be released through irrigation water but could be released into solution through microbial degradation. Also, at low concentration suitable for use without inducing phytotoxicity, the products in either formulation could improve the accumulation of certain nutrients in leaf tissues of tomato plants.

碩士
國立中興大學
園藝學系所
101
Abstract Numerous explants from Paphiopedilum species for tissue culture present greatly tissue browning and necrosis resulted from wounding ethylene and media constituents. The aims of this study were to investigate (i) the effect of α-aminoisobutyric acid, AIB, act as an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor, on ovary based flower bud excised from two flowering stages (S1and S3) of Paphiopedilum Maudiae type and (ii) the effect of potassium nitrate, KNO3 original MS medium 1/3 KNO3, and 1/3,2/3,1 × supplement and activated charcoal supplementation on root growth of Paphiopedilum hybrid ‘97100’ in vitro plantlets. In addition, the effect of culture conditions such as light spectrum including four light-emitting diode, LED on Paphiopedilum hybrid ‘9291’ and nutrient supplementation thiamine on two Paphiopedilum venustum×sib ‘7580’ and Paphiopedilum hybrid ‘9751’ explants of flask plantlets was examined. In Paphiopedilum Maudiae type, only explants from S1 stage flower bud remained yellow greenish tissues in culture media with 200-400 mg∙l-1 AIB; whereas those explants from S1 and S3 stage became largely browning or necrosis after 4 months. In vitro plantlets of Paphiopedilum hybrid ‘97100’ had more root number (3.57) with abnormal root formation in original culture media containing KNO3 at 1900 mg∙l-1. Addition of activated charcoal promoted plantlet root length and normal root growth but not increased root number. The leaf growth of Paphiopedilum hybrid ‘9291’ explants flask plantlets was no dissimilarity under four LED. The highest total chlorophyll contents of those plantlets were under blue light (3.54 OD A480/g F. W.), the lowest ones were under blue and red light combination LED. Besides, plant which under white light their root activities were the higher than under single red or blue light. Thiamine also known as Vitamin B1 has an effect on root growth and development of new plants. Use of thiamine (2 g∙l-1 ) in Paphiopedilum venustum×sib ‘7580’ explants flask plantlets not only markedly increased leaf length and width, but also improved the chlorophyll contents, particularly irrigated 0.5 g∙l-1 of thiamine had the higher level than the other treatments. However, there was no significantly effect on root activity and no new root formation after transferring in pots for 45 days. In Paphiopedilum hybrid ‘9751’, explants flask plantlets had new root formation but not enhanced their growth after 45 days. In fact, addition of thiamine promoted their chlorophyll contents and root activities, especially irrigated 1 g∙l-1 of thiamine had the higher root activity (1.22 OD A480/g F. W.) than the other treatments.