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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Knee prosthesis design"

1

Bernal-Torres, Mario G., Hugo I. Medellín-Castillo, and Juan C. Arellano-González. "Design and Control of a New Biomimetic Transfemoral Knee Prosthesis Using an Echo-Control Scheme." Journal of Healthcare Engineering 2018 (2018): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8783642.

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Анотація:
Passive knee prostheses require a significant amount of additional metabolic energy to carry out a gait cycle, therefore affecting the natural human walk performance. Current active knee prostheses are still limited because they do not reply with accuracy of the natural human knee movement, and the time response is relatively large. This paper presents the design and control of a new biomimetic-controlled transfemoral knee prosthesis based on a polycentric-type mechanism. The aim was to develop a knee prosthesis able to provide additional power and to mimic with accuracy of the natural human knee movement using a stable control strategy. The design of the knee mechanism was obtained from the body-guidance kinematics synthesis based on real human walking patterns obtained from computer vision and 3D reconstruction. A biomechanical evaluation of the synthesized prosthesis was then carried out. For the activation and control of the prosthesis, an echo-control strategy was proposed and developed. In this echo-control strategy, the sound side leg is sensed and synchronized with the activation of the knee prosthesis. An experimental prototype was built and evaluated in a test rig. The results revealed that the prosthetic knee is able to mimic the biomechanics of the human knee.
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2

Eberly, Valerie J., Sara J. Mulroy, JoAnne K. Gronley, Jacquelin Perry, William J. Yule, and Judith M. Burnfield. "Impact of a stance phase microprocessor-controlled knee prosthesis on level walking in lower functioning individuals with a transfemoral amputation." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 38, no. 6 (October 17, 2013): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309364613506912.

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Анотація:
Background: For individuals with transfemoral amputation, walking with a prosthesis presents challenges to stability and increases the demand on the hip of the prosthetic limb. Increasing age or comorbidities magnify these challenges. Computerized prosthetic knee joints improve stability and efficiency of gait, but are seldom prescribed for less physically capable walkers who may benefit from them. Objective: To compare level walking function while wearing a microprocessor-controlled knee (C-Leg Compact) prosthesis to a traditionally prescribed non-microprocessor-controlled knee prosthesis for Medicare Functional Classification Level K-2 walkers. Study design: Crossover. Methods: Stride characteristics, kinematics, kinetics, and electromyographic activity were recorded in 10 participants while walking with non-microprocessor-controlled knee and Compact prostheses. Results: Walking with the Compact produced significant increase in velocity, cadence, stride length, single-limb support, and heel-rise timing compared to walking with the non-microprocessor-controlled knee prosthesis. Hip and thigh extension during late stance improved bilaterally. Ankle dorsiflexion, knee extension, and hip flexion moments of the prosthetic limb were significantly improved. Conclusions: Improvements in walking function and stability on the prosthetic limb were demonstrated by the K-2 level walkers when using the C-Leg Compact prosthesis. Clinical relevance Understanding the impact of new prosthetic designs on gait mechanics is essential to improve prescription guidelines for deconditioned or older persons with transfemoral amputation. Prosthetic designs that improve stability for safety and walking function have the potential to improve community participation and quality of life.
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3

Wang, Xiaoming, Qiaoling Meng, Zhewen Zhang, Jinyue Sun, Jie Yang, and Hongliu Yu. "Design and evaluation of a hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis on energy consumption." Mechanical Sciences 11, no. 2 (November 6, 2020): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ms-11-425-2020.

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Анотація:
Abstract. The existing lower limb prostheses with passive knees have disadvantages, causing an asymmetric gait and higher metabolic cost during level walking which is in contrast with a normal gait. However, most existing active knee prostheses need a significant amount of energy. In this paper, a novel hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis (HPAK) that allows passive and active operating modes is proposed, which contains an active motor unit and a novel hydraulic damper with an electrically controlled valve that adjusts the damping torque dynamically during each gait cycle. An energy consumption model was built to evaluate the energy consumption when walking on level ground in three different simulation conditions to, respectively, simulate the complete HPAK, an ordinary active prosthesis (AKP) and an ordinary passive prosthesis (PKP). The results show that, in a cycle, the HPAK consumes only 16.19 J, which is 3.6 times lower than the AKP (58.95 J), and the PKP consumes only 1.24 J due to the novel spring–hydraulic damper structure designed and presented in this paper. These results indicate that the proposed novel hybrid passive–active knee prosthesis can have a positive effect on reducing energy consumption and improving the approximation of healthy gait characteristics when walking on level ground, contrasting with active or passive knee prostheses.
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4

Sánchez Otero, John, Roque J. Hernández, and Jaime E. Torres S. "The mechanical design of a transfemoral prosthesis using computational tools and design methodology." Ingeniería e Investigación 32, no. 3 (September 1, 2012): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v32n3.35934.

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Анотація:
Artificial limb replacement with lower limb prostheses has been widely reported in current scientific literature. There are many lower limb prosthetic designs ranging from a single-axis knee mechanism to complex mechanisms involving microcontrollers, made from many materials ranging from lightweight, high specific strength ones (e.g., carbon fibre) to traditional forms (e.g., stainless steel). However, the challenge is to design prostheses whose movement resembles the human body's natural movement as closely as possible. Advances in prosthetics have enabled many amputees to return to their everyday activities; however, such prostheses are expensive, some costing as much as $60,000. Many of the affected population in Colombia have scarce economic resources; there is therefore a need to develop affordable functional prostheses. The Universidad del Norte's Materials, Processes and Design Research Group and the Robotics and Intelligent Systems Group have been working on this line of research to develop modular prostheses which can be adjusted to each patient's requirements. This research represents an initial methodological approach to developing a prosthesis in which software tools have been used (the finite element method) with a criteria relationship matrix for selecting the best alternative while considering different aspects such as modularity, cost, stiffness and weight.
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5

Budaker, Bernhard, and Alexander Verl. "Design, Development and Realisation of an Active Driven Knee-Prosthesis with Bevel Helical Gearbox." Advanced Materials Research 907 (April 2014): 225–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.907.225.

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Анотація:
This paper presents the development of an active driven prosthesis for transfemoral amputees. At the beginning of the development process gait parameters are analyzed. Defined boundary conditions help to get the right technical parameters for a structured development process. During the following development process, different concepts for active driven knee prostheses are discussed. Essential components for active driven prosthesis systems are presented. The focus during the scientific work is the development of an active drive system for an active driven knee prosthesis. A first prototype of an active driven knee prosthesis is shown.
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6

Kesavapuram, Sreya Reddy, and M. Dhanalakshmi. "Design of transfemoral prosthesis for above the knee amputees." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2318, no. 1 (August 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2318/1/012032.

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Анотація:
Abstract Transfemoral amputation is a condition where the person above the knee area is amputated due to some infection, cancer or trauma. Due to this their mobility is eminently compromised, their lifestyle gets affected and also the individual’s self-confidence is distraught. The only way to aid this condition is to provide a prosthetic to provide support and mitigate easy movement. Usually, prosthetics are not selected due to high cost. In India there are around two lakh thirty thousand amputees in need of prosthetic care but are hesitant to opt for one, for the reason that they are expensive. Most of them go for cosmesis due to this demographic. In this work, we focus on developing a mechanical knee joint prosthesis where the pylon or the shank is replaced by a shock absorber in order to reduce the transient mechanical force acting on the artificial leg. By replacing the basic design with the shock absorber, it also enables the subject to perform other activities such as jumping and jogging with ease as the force is dispersed evenly on the prosthesis. In this we also perform von mises analysis, strain analysis and displacement analysis and carry through a comparative analysis between two commonly used materials in making the prosthetic against carbon fibre and prove the efficacy of carbon fibre.
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7

Liu, Ming, Philip Datseris, and He Helen Huang. "A Prototype for Smart Prosthetic Legs-Analysis and Mechanical Design." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 1999–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.1999.

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Анотація:
In this paper, we designed a prototype of powered above-knee prosthesis. Compared with other prototypes available in the literature, our designed prosthetic leg employs a redundant actuator concept to overcome the challenge faced by the single-motor transmission systems. The redundant actuator also enables the prosthesis to be partially functional when the prosthesis loses power. Finally, in order to provide optimal control parameters for designed above-knee prosthesis to perform a smooth level-ground walking task, an inverse dynamic model based on Kane’s method is constructed.
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8

Minnoye, Sander L. M., and Dick H. Plettenburg. "Design, Fabrication, and Preliminary Results of a Novel Below-Knee Prosthesis for Snowboarding: A Case Report." Prosthetics and Orthotics International 33, no. 3 (January 2009): 272–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03093640903089576.

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Анотація:
Snowboarding with a below-knee prosthesis is compromised by the limited rotation capabilities of the existing below-knee prostheses, which are designed for use in normal walking. Based on snowboarding range of motion analyses, a novel below-knee prosthesis was designed with the aim to achieve similar range of motions like able-bodied snowboarders. The new prosthesis allows for passive inversion/eversion, passive plantarflexion/dorsiflexion and additional ‘voluntary’ plantarflexion/dorsiflexion initiated by lateral or medial rotation of the upper leg and knee. A prototype was built and was subsequently tested on a single subject, a highly professional snowboarder and candidate for the Olympic Winter Games. The movements of the subject were recorded on video, analyzed and compared to the recorded movements of an able-bodied snowboarder, and a snowboarder with a traditional below-knee prosthesis. The results indicated an increased similarity of inversion/eversion and plantarflexion/dorsiflexion between the snowboarder with the new below-knee prosthesis and the able-bodied snowboarder, whereas the snowboarder with the traditional below-knee prosthesis and the able-bodied snowboarder differed considerably. These results indicate that snowboarding with the new prosthesis is more comparable to able-bodied snowboarding. On a subjective basis this is confirmed by the test subject who stated that: “snowboarding with the new prosthesis is like it was before the amputation!”.
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9

Sun, Yuanxi, Hao Tang, Yuntao Tang, Jia Zheng, Dianbiao Dong, Xiaohong Chen, Fuqiang Liu, et al. "Review of Recent Progress in Robotic Knee Prosthesis Related Techniques: Structure, Actuation and Control." Journal of Bionic Engineering 18, no. 4 (July 2021): 764–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s42235-021-0065-4.

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Анотація:
AbstractAs the essential technology of human-robotics interactive wearable devices, the robotic knee prosthesis can provide above-knee amputations with functional knee compensations to realize their physical and psychological social regression. With the development of mechanical and mechatronic science and technology, the fully active knee prosthesis that can provide subjects with actuating torques has demonstrated a better wearing performance in slope walking and stair ascent when compared with the passive and the semi-active ones. Additionally, with intelligent human-robotics control strategies and algorithms, the wearing effect of the knee prosthesis has been greatly enhanced in terms of stance stability and swing mobility. Therefore, to help readers to obtain an overview of recent progress in robotic knee prosthesis, this paper systematically categorized knee prostheses according to their integrated functions and introduced related research in the past ten years (2010–2020) regarding (1) mechanical design, including uniaxial, four-bar, and multi-bar knee structures, (2) actuating technology, including rigid and elastic actuation, and (3) control method, including mode identification, motion prediction, and automatic control. Quantitative and qualitative analysis and comparison of robotic knee prosthesis-related techniques are conducted. The development trends are concluded as follows: (1) bionic and lightweight structures with better mechanical performance, (2) bionic elastic actuation with energy-saving effect, (3) artificial intelligence-based bionic prosthetic control. Besides, challenges and innovative insights of customized lightweight bionic knee joint structure, highly efficient compact bionic actuation, and personalized daily multi-mode gait adaptation are also discussed in-depth to facilitate the future development of the robotic knee prosthesis.
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10

Huang, Chun-Hsiung, Cheng-Kung Cheng, Jiann-Jong Liau, and Ye-Ming Lee. "MORPHOMETRICAL COMPARISON BETWEEN THE RESECTED SURFACES IN OSTEOARTHRITIC KNEES AND POROUS-COATED ANATOMIC KNEE PROSTHESIS." Journal of Musculoskeletal Research 04, no. 01 (March 2000): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218957700000069.

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Анотація:
In total knee replacement, a good match of the prosthesis to bone is very important. Most knees that require total knee replacement are deformed. However, most of the design parameters of knee prosthesis were based on the normal knee. In this series, the dimensions of the resected surfaces in 77 osteoarthritic knees were measured intraoperatively and compared with the corresponding surfaces of the porous-coated anatomic (PCA) (Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ, USA) knee prosthesis. The results showed that the medial femoral condyle was wider than the lateral femoral condyle (p < 0.05) in the resected surfaces. The intercondylar notch of the resected femur was wider than that of the prosthesis (p < 0.05). In the resected tibial plateau, the ratio of the anteroposterior length to the mediolateral width was larger than that of the prosthesis (p < 0.05). The length and width of the resected patella were greater than those of the implant (p < 0.05). According to the difference in morphometrical parameters between the resected surfaces and the knee prosthesis, we suggest that the dimensions of the resected surfaces of the osteoarthritic knee should be important design parameters in total knee prosthesis.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Knee prosthesis design"

1

Martinez, Villalpando Ernesto Carlos. "Design and evaluation of a biomimetic agonist-antagonist active knee prosthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/76513.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2012.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 92-96).
The loss of a limb is extremely debilitating. Unfortunately, today's assistive technologies are still far from providing fully functional artificial limb replacements. Although lower extremity prostheses are currently better able to give assistance than their upper-extremity counterparts, important locomotion problems still remain for leg amputees. Instability, gait asymmetry, decreased walking speeds and high metabolic energy costs are some of the main challenges requiring the development of a new kind of prosthetic device. These challenges point to the need for highly versatile, fully integrated lower-extremity powered prostheses that can replicate the biological behavior of the intact human leg. This thesis presents the design and evaluation of a novel biomimetic active knee prosthesis capable of emulating intact knee biomechanics during level-ground walking. The knee design is motivated by a mono-articular prosthetic knee model comprised of a variable damper and two series elastic clutch units spanning the knee joint. The powered knee system is comprised of two series-elastic actuators positioned in parallel in an agonist-antagonist configuration. This investigation hypothesizes that the biomimetic active-knee prosthesis, with a variable impedance control, can improve unilateral transfemoral amputee locomotion in level-ground walking, reducing the metabolic cost of walking at selfselected speeds. To evaluate this hypothesis, a preliminary study investigated the clinical impact of the active knee prosthesis on the metabolic cost of walking of four unilateral above-knee amputees. This preliminary study compared the antagonistic active knee prosthesis with subjects' prescribed knee prostheses. The subjects' prescribed prostheses encompass four of the leading prosthetic knee technologies commercially available, including passive and electronically controlled variable-damping prosthetic systems. Use of the novel biomimetic active knee prosthesis resulted in a metabolic cost reduction for all four subjects by an average of 5.8%. Kinematic and kinetic analyses indicate that the active knee can increase self-selected walking speed in addition to reducing upper body vertical displacement during walking by an average of 16%. The results of this investigation report for the first time a metabolic cost reduction when walking with a prosthetic system comprised of an electrically powered active knee and passive foot-ankle prostheses, as compared to walking with a conventional transfemoral prosthesis. With this work I aim to advance the field of biomechatronics, contributing to the development of integral assistive technologies that adapt to the needs of the physically challenged.
by Ernesto Carlos Martinez-Villalpando.
Ph.D.
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2

Zahradnik, Janet Laddie. "Design and study of a prototype above knee prosthesis with wheels." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14378.

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3

Ventresca, Alessandra. "Development of an instrumented customizable total knee prosthesis for experimental tests." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/11183/.

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Анотація:
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has revolutionized the life of millions of patients and it is the most efficient treatment in cases of osteoarthritis. The increase in life expectancy has lowered the average age of the patient, which requires a more enduring and performing prosthesis. To improve the design of implants and satisfying the patient's needs, a deep understanding of the knee Biomechanics is needed. To overcome the uncertainties of numerical models, recently instrumented knee prostheses are spreading. The aim of the thesis was to design and manifacture a new prototype of instrumented implant, able to measure kinetics and kinematics (in terms of medial and lateral forces and patellofemoral forces) of different interchangeable designs of prosthesis during experiments tests within a research laboratory, on robotic knee simulator. Unlike previous prototypes it was not aimed for industrial applications, but purely focusing on research. After a careful study of the literature, and a preliminary analytic study, the device was created modifying the structure of a commercial prosthesis and transforming it in a load cell. For monitoring the kinematics of the femoral component a three-layers, piezoelettric position sensor was manifactured using a Velostat foil. This sensor has responded well to pilot test. Once completed, such device can be used to validate existing numerical models of the knee and of TKA and create new ones, more accurate.It can lead to refinement of surgical techniques, to enhancement of prosthetic designs and, once validated, and if properly modified, it can be used also intraoperatively.
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4

Lau, Jacky H. (Jacky Homing). "Design of test bench apparatus and preliminary weight reduction strategy for an active knee prosthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68848.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2011.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 32).
This thesis presents the design and structural analyses of an experimental test bench for the characterization of an active biomimetic knee prosthesis currently being developed by the Biomechatronics research group at MIT Media Laboratory. Finite element analysis (FEA) is conducted to determine the maximum stress and material deflections of three principle components of the test bench and to verify their structural integrity. In addition, FEA is performed on the chassis of the active knee prosthesis when subjected to the expected loads associated with walking. The simulation results verify that the active prosthetic do not expect structural failure during level ground walking trials with above knee amputee participants. Finally, an empirical weight reduction strategy for the active knee is proposed and analyzed. This strategy aims to reduce distal leg mass which contributes to the overall energetic demands of amputee walking. FEA on the modified active knee prosthesis chassis validate the strategy modifications while maintaining the original design feature constraints.
by Jacky H. Lau.
S.B.
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5

Mooney, Luke Matthewson. "The use of series compliance and variable transmission elements in the design of a powered knee prosthesis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92190.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-73).
Compared to non-amputees, above knee amputees expend significantly more metabolic energy. This is a result of the passive nature of most knee prostheses, as the development of clinically successful powered knee prostheses has remained a challenge. The addition of powered elements, such as electric motors, allow prosthetic knees to more closely emulate natural knee biomechanics. However, the addition of powered elements presents a new challenge of creating energy efficient devices that do not require frequent charging or excessively large batteries. In this thesis, a general optimization routine was developed to simulate and evaluate the electrical economy of various actuator architectures. Advanced actuators utilizing variable transmissions with elastic elements were compared to direct drive actuators, series elastic actuators, and two novel mechanisms known as the continuously-variable series-elastic actuator (CV-SEA) and the clutchable series-elastic actuator (CSEA). The CV-SEA is similar to a traditional series-elastic actuator (SEA), but uses a controllable continuously-variable transmission (CVT) in between the series-elastic element and the motor. The CSEA included a low-power clutch in parallel with an electric motor within a traditional series-elastic actuator. The stiffness of the series elasticity was tuned to match the elastically conservative region of the knees torque-angle relationship during early stance phase knee flexion and extension. During this region of the gait cycle, the clutch was engaged and elastic energy was stored in the spring, thereby providing the reactionary torque at a substantially reduced electrical cost. The optimization routine showed that the electrical economy of knee prostheses can be greatly improved by implementing variable transmissions in series with elastic elements. The optimization routine also estimated that a CSEA knee prosthesis could provide an 83% reduction in electrical cost, when compared to an SEA knee prosthesis. Although the variable transmission actuators were predicted to be more electrically economical than the CSEA knee, their design complexity limits their current feasibility in a knee prosthesis. Thus, a fully autonomous knee prosthesis utilizing the CSEA was designed, developed and tested. The CSEA Knee was actuated with a brushless electric motor; ballscrew transmission and cable drive as well as commercial electrical components. The knee was lighter than the 8th percentile and shorter than the 1st percentile male shank segment. The CSEA Knee was tested in a unilateral above knee amputee walking at 1.3 m/s. During walking, the CSEA Knee provided biomechanically-accurate torque-angle behavior, agreeing within 17% of the net work and 73% of the stance flexion angle produced by the biological knee during locomotion. Additionally, the process of locomotion reduced the net electrical energy consumed of the CSEA Knee. The knees motor generated 1.8 J/stride, while the electronics consumed 5.4 J/Stride. Thus the net energy consumption was 3.6 J/stride, an order of magnitude less electrical energy consumption than previously published powered knee prostheses. Future work will focus on a custom, power-optimized embedded system and the expansion of the CSEA architecture to other biomechanically relevant joints for bionic prosthesis development.
by Luke Matthewson Mooney.
S.M.
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6

Jessiman, Alexander William. "Further study of the feasibility of a wheeled above-knee prosthesis and design of a lightweight prototype." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/14595.

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7

Campbell, Neil. "Design of a knee simulator for the testing of total knee prostheses." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3228.

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8

Van, den Heever David Jacobus. "Development of patient-specific knee joint prostheses for unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR)." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17942.

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Анотація:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2011.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The knee is the largest, most complicated and incongruent joint in the human body. It sustains very high forces and is susceptible to injury and disease. Osteoarthritis is a common disease prevalent among the elderly and causes softening or degradation of the cartilage and subcondral bone in the joint, which leads to a loss of function and pain. This problem can be alleviated through a surgical intervention commonly termed a “knee replacement”. The aim of a knee replacement procedure is to relieve pain and restore normal function. Ideally, the knee replacement prosthesis should have an articulating geometry similar to that of the patient’s healthy knee, and must allow for normal motion. Unfortunately, this is often problematic since knee prostheses are supplied in standard sizes from a variety of manufacturers and each one has a slightly different design. Furthermore, commercial prostheses are not always able to restore the complex geometry of an individual patient’s original articulating surfaces. This dissertation shows that there is a significant variation between knee geometries, regardless of gender and race. This research aims to resolve the problem in two parts: Firstly by presenting a method for preoperatively selecting the optimal knee prosthesis type and size for a specific patient, and secondly by presenting a design procedure for designing and manufacturing patient-specific unicompartmental knee replacements. The design procedure uses mathematical modelling and an artificial neural network to estimate the original and healthy articulating surfaces of a patient’s knee. The models are combined with medical images from the patient to create a knee prosthesis that is patient-specific. These patient-specific implants are then compared to conventional implants with respect to contact stresses and kinematics. The dissertation concludes that patient-specific implants can have characteristics that are comparable to or better than conventional prostheses. The unique design methodology presented in this dissertation introduces a significant advancement in knee replacement technology, with the potential to dramatically improve clinical outcomes of knee replacement surgery.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die knie is die grootste, mees komplekse en mees ongelyksoortige gewrig in die liggaam. Osteoarthritis is ’n siekte wat algemeen by bejaardes voorkom en die versagting of agteruitgang van die kraakbeen en subchondrale bene in die gewrig tot gevolg het, wat tot ’n verlies van funksionering en pyn lei. Hierdie probleem kan verlig word deur ’n chirurgiese ingryping wat algemeen as ’n “knievervanging” bekend staan. Die doel van ’n knievervangingsprosedure is om pyn te verlig en normale funksionering te herstel. Ideaal gesproke behoort die knievervangingsprostese ’n gewrigsgeometrie te hê wat soortgelyk aan die pasiënt se gesonde knie is, en normale beweging moontlik maak. Ongelukkig is dit dikwels problematies aangesien knieprosteses in standaardgroottes en deur ’n verskeidenheid vervaardigers verskaf word, wat elkeen se ontwerp effens anders maak. Verder kan kommersiële prosteses nie altyd die komplekse geometrie van ’n individuele pasiënt se oorspronklike gewrigsoppervlakke vervang nie. Hierdie proefskrif wys dat daar ’n betekenisvolle variasie tussen knieafmetings is, afgesien van geslag en ras. Hierdie navorsing is daarop gemik om die problem op tweërlei wyse te benader: Eerstens deur ’n metode aan te bied om die optimal knieprostesetipe en -grootte vir ’n spesifieke pasiënt voor die operasie uit te soek, en tweedens om ’n ontwerpprosedure aan te bied vir die ontwerp en vervaardiging van pasiëntspesifieke unikompartementele knievervangings. Die ontwerpprosedure gebruik wiskundige modellering en ’n kunsmatige neurale netwerk om die oorspronklike en gesonde gewrigsoppervlakke van ’n pasiënt se knie te bepaal. Die modelle word met mediese beelde van die pasiënt gekombineer om ’n knieprostese te skep wat pasiëntspesifiek is. Hierdie pasiëntspesifieke inplantings word dan met konvensionele inplantings vergelyk wat kontakstres en kinematika betref. Daar word tot die slotsom gekom dat die pasiëntspesifieke inplantings oor eienskappe kan beskik wat vergelykbaar is met of selfs beter is as dié van konvensionele prosteses. Die unieke ontwerpmetodologie wat in hierdie proefskrif aangebied word, stel beduidende vordering in knievervangingstegnologie bekend, met die potensiaal om die kliniese uitkomste van knievervangingsoperasies dramaties te verbeter.
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9

Doan, Thuan D. "A novel torsional spring design for knee prostheses and exoskeletons." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103842.

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Анотація:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (page 55).
In this thesis, a novel torsion spring design for use in knee prostheses and exoskeletons is presented and analyzed. The planar spring design features an outer hub and an inner hub, which are connected by slender beams and store torsion energy in beam bending. The beams are fixed to the outer hub on one end and attached to the inner hub by a pin and slot on the other. The modeled spring design is capable of deflecting ± [pi]/6 radians, higher than any existing planar torsion spring designs, and is capable of providing 100 N-m of torque. The maraging steel spring is predicted to have a total diameter of 0.112 meters, width of 0.005 meters, and mass of 98 grams. With this form factor, the planar spring design provides a more compact alternative to elastic elements currently used in series elastic actuators. From the presented models, the design dimensions, material, and slot geometry can be parametrized to design springs that meet specific requirements for different applications. In addition to quantifying performance, the models presented provide the foundation for further weight, efficiency, and performance optimization.
by Thuan D. Doan.
S.B.
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10

Reynolds, David. "The computer aided design of below-knee prosthetic sockets." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309971.

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Книги з теми "Knee prosthesis design"

1

Morris, Alan Robert. Design of a pædiatric endoskeletal above-knee running prosthesis through gait simulation. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1993.

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2

Andrysek, Jan. Design of a paediatric prosthetic knee joint. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 2000.

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3

Sculco, Thomas P., and Ermanno A. Martucci. Knee Arthroplasty. Springer London, Limited, 2012.

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4

(Editor), Thomas P. Sculco, and Ermanno A. Martucci (Editor), eds. Knee Arthroplasty. Springer, 2002.

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Частини книг з теми "Knee prosthesis design"

1

Rupar, Miljan, Adisa Vučina, and Remzo Dedić. "Knee and Ankle Powered Above-Knee Prosthesis Design and Development." In IFMBE Proceedings, 625–29. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-9038-7_116.

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2

Goodfellow, John W., and John O’Connor. "The Mechanics of the Knee and Prosthesis Design." In LCS® Mobile Bearing Knee Arthroplasty, 3–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59347-5_2.

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3

De la Mora Ramirez, T., M. A. Doñu Ruiz, I. Hilerio Cruz, N. López Perrusquia, and E. D. García Bustos. "Topological and Contact Force Analysis of a Knee Tumor Prosthesis." In Engineering Design Applications, 291–304. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-79005-3_20.

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4

Colombo, Giorgio, Giancarlo Facoetti, and Caterina Rizzi. "Automatic Below-Knee Prosthesis Socket Design: A Preliminary Approach." In Digital Human Modeling: Applications in Health, Safety, Ergonomics and Risk Management, 75–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-40247-5_8.

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5

Berdugo, L., and M. Suffo. "Prototype-Oriented Design Methodology Used in Knee Prosthesis Development." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 303–12. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20325-1_24.

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6

Gotman, Irena. "Biomechanical and Tribological Aspects of Orthopaedic Implants." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 25–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_2.

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AbstractOrthopaedic and dental implant treatments have allowed to enhance the quality of life of millions of patients. Total hip/knee arthroplasty is a surgical replacement of the hip/knee joint with an artificial prosthesis. The aim of joint replacement surgery is to relieve pain improve function, often for sufferers of osteoarthritis, which affects around a third of people aged over fifty. Nowadays, total hip and knee replacement (THR) surgeries are considered routine procedures with generally excellent outcomes. Given the increasing life expectancy of the world population, however, many patients will require revision or removal of the artificial joint during their lifetime. The most common cause of failure of hip and knee replacements is mechanical instability secondary to wear of the articulating components. Thus, tribological and biomechanical aspects of joint arthroplasty are of specific interest in addressing the needs of younger, more active patients. The most significant improvements in the longevity of artificial joints have been achieved through the introduction of more wear resistant bearing surfaces. These innovations, however, brought about new tribocorrosion phenomena, such as fretting corrosion at the modular junctions of hip implants. Stiffness mismatch between the prosthesis components, non-physiological stress transfer and uneven implant-bone stress distribution are all involved in premature failure of hip arthroplasty. The development of more durable hip and knee prostheses requires a comprehensive understanding of biomechanics and tribocorrosion of implant materials. Some of these insights can also be applied to the design and development of dental implants.
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7

Íñiguez-Macedo, Saúl, Fátima Somovilla-Gómez, Rubén Lostado-Lorza, Marina Corral-Bobadilla, María Ángeles Martínez-Calvo, and Félix Sanz-Adán. "The design of a knee prosthesis by Finite Element Analysis." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 447–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45781-9_45.

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8

Akagi, Masao, Eiichi Kaneda, Toshihiro Mata, Taiyo Asano, and Takashi Nakamura. "The Bisurface Total Knee Prosthesis: A New Design with Posterior Stabilization." In Arthroplasty 2000, 219–25. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68427-5_25.

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9

Shaikh, Salman, and Akshay Malhotra. "Adaptive Output Feedback Control System Design for Low-Cost Electronic Knee Prosthesis." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 537–47. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2517-1_52.

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10

Masri, Bassam A., Christopher P. Beauchamp, and Clive P. Duncan. "Evolution and Design Rationale of the PROSTALAC Knee System in the Management of the Infected Total Knee Prosthesis." In Surgical Techniques in Total Knee Arthroplasty, 473–90. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-21714-2_62.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Knee prosthesis design"

1

DiAngelo, Denis J., and Charles E. Evans. "Design of a Sports Knee Prosthesis." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0494.

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Abstract Typical walking prostheses maintain stability during stance with a knee locking mechanism; i.e., a frictional device (mechanical brake) or free rotating knee joint (single pinned or multi-link system) held in a hyper-extended orientation (de Vries, 1995). Attempts to jog with a walking prosthesis are difficult and unsafe. A previous gait study of a “pogo-stick” A/K jogging prosthesis found that the device provided alternating periods of support and non-support between the amputated and non-amputated sides, but required greater energy expenditure from the intact limb and induced larger impact loads (DiAngelo et al., 1989). A computer modeling technique was used to design a multi-link above-knee (A/K) prosthesis that provided continuous, controlled knee flexion during weight bearing and free knee rotation during swing. Aspects of the design were improved energy expenditure, symmetrical gait, and reduced impact loading. Biomechanical data for the computation model was obtained from a gait study of an A/K amputee jogger. The objective of the study was to develop prosthetic knee that provided continuous knee flexion throughout weight bearing and free rotation during swing.
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2

Srinivasan, Sujatha, and Steven Kramer. "Design of a Knee Mechanism for a Knee Disarticulation Prosthesis." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0288.

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Abstract A new knee mechanism has been designed which is a significant improvement over existing designs used in knee disarticulation (K/D) prostheses. These are prostheses used when the amputation is performed through the knee joint as opposed to amputation performed above the knee. The new four-bar mechanism has a more desirable locus of instant centers thereby improving the gait for K/D amputees. In this paper, the design process involving the kinematics is discussed. A prototype has been made and is currently undergoing testing with a prosthetist.
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3

Lenzi, Tommaso, Marco Cempini, Levi Hargrove, and Todd Kuiken. "Hybrid Actuation Systems for Lightweight Transfemoral Prostheses." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3398.

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Lower-limb amputation affects the ambulation ability and quality of life of about 600,000 individuals in the United States alone1. Individuals with transfemoral amputation typically walk slower, expend more energy, and have a higher risk of falls than able-bodied individuals2. Ambulation activities such as climbing ramps or stairs or standing up from a seated position are much more difficult than for able-bodied persons. Advances in prosthetic technologies are needed to improve the ambulation ability of above-knee amputees. Passive knee prostheses are lightweight, robust, and quiet, but can only perform activities with dissipative dynamics. Powered prostheses3 overcome this limitation by motorizing the prosthetic joints throughout the entire day, thus enabling the achievement of more activities. However, the prosthesis actuator must then accommodate a wide range of speed and torque to support the various activities, plus provide power over the course of the entire day. Consequently, powered prostheses provide the ability to perform more tasks at the expense of substantial weight, noise, and battery life, which in turn affect their acceptability and clinical viability. To address these shortcomings, we propose a hybrid actuation design for prosthetic knees. The proposed hybrid actuation system uses a motor, transmission, and control only for those activities requiring net-positive mechanical energy, such as climbing on stairs and ramps or performing sit-to-stand transfers. For non-positive mechanical energy tasks, such as standing and walking, the motor and transmission are mechanically disconnected, and passive knee components are used alone, thus achieving improved joint dynamics, and avoiding any electrical energy consumption.
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4

Bernal-Torres, Mario G., Hugo I. Medellín-Castillo, and Juan C. Arellano-González. "Development of an Active Biomimetic-Controlled Transfemoral Knee Prosthesis." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-67211.

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Commercial available knee prostheses are still limited because most of them comprise passive elements that store and deliver energy during the gait cycle, but without providing additional energy. This inability to provide additional energy affects the performance of passive prostheses, which in some cases demands up to 60% of additional metabolic energy to perform a gait cycle. Recent research works have focused on the design of active knee prostheses, including the development and implementation of control strategies such as electromyographic (EMG) signals. However, the results of such implementations reveal that these control strategies are still limited because of the relatively long time response and inaccurate movements. This paper presents the design of a new biomimetic-controlled knee prosthesis for transfemoral amputation. The aim is to contribute to the development of simple and effective active knee prostheses. The proposed prosthesis consists of a polycentric mechanism obtained from the body-guidance kinematics synthesis of a four bar linkage. This synthesis is based on the natural movements of the human knee, taking into account the shortening effect of the leg during the walking process to avoid trips. The prosthetic knee mimics the human motion of the healthy leg by means of an echo-control strategy. An experimental prototype has been implemented and tested on a workbench. The experimental results have demonstrated the usability of the proposed biomimetic active knee prosthesis.
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5

Narang, Yashraj S., and Amos G. Winter. "Effects of Prosthesis Mass on Hip Energetics, Prosthetic Knee Torque, and Prosthetic Knee Stiffness and Damping Parameters Required for Transfemoral Amputees to Walk With Normative Kinematics." In ASME 2014 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2014-35065.

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We quantify how the hip energetics and knee torque required for an above-knee prosthesis user to walk with the kinematics of able-bodied humans vary with the inertial properties of the prosthesis. We also select and optimize passive mechanical components for a prosthetic knee to accurately reproduce the required knee torque. Previous theoretical studies have typically investigated the effects of prosthesis inertial properties on energetic parameters by modifying both mass and mass distribution of the prosthesis and computing kinetic and energetic parameters only during swing. Using inverse dynamics, we determined the effects of independently modifying mass and mass distribution of the prosthesis, and we computed parameters during both stance and swing. Results showed that reducing prosthesis mass significantly affected hip energetics, whereas reducing mass distribution did not. Reducing prosthesis mass to 25% of the mass of a physiological leg decreased peak stance hip power by 26%, average swing hip power by 74%, and absolute hip work over the gait cycle by 22%. Previous studies have also typically optimized prosthetic knee components to reproduce the knee torque generated by able-bodied humans walking with normative kinematics. However, because the prosthetic leg of an above-knee prosthesis user weighs significantly less than a physiological leg, the knee torque required for above-knee prosthesis users to walk with these kinematics may be significantly different. Again using inverse dynamics, it was found that changes in prosthesis mass and mass distribution significantly affected this required torque. Reducing the mass of the prosthesis to 25% of the mass of the physiological leg increased peak stance torque by 43% and decreased peak swing torque by 76%. The knee power required for an above-knee prosthesis user to walk with the kinematics of able-bodied humans was analyzed to select passive mechanical components for the prosthetic knee. The coefficients of the components were then optimized to replicate the torque required to walk with the kinematics of able-bodied humans. A prosthetic knee containing a single linear spring and two constant-force dampers was found to accurately replicate the targeted torque (R2=0.90 for a typical prosthesis). Optimal spring coefficients were found to be relatively insensitive to mass alterations of the prosthetic leg, but optimal damping coefficients were sensitive. In particular, as the masses of the segments of the prosthetic leg were altered between 25% and 100% of able-bodied values, the optimal damping coefficient of the second damper varied by 330%, with foot mass alterations having the greatest effect on its value.
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6

Wu, Molei, Md Rejwanul Haque, and Xiangrong Shen. "Sit-to-Stand Control of Powered Knee Prostheses." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3507.

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Standing from a seated position is a common, yet dynamically challenging task. Due to the vertical ascent of the body center of gravity, sit-to-stand (STS) transition requires high torque output from the knee. As a result, STS transition poses a major barrier to the mobility of individuals with lower-limb issues, including the transfemoral (TF, also known as above-knee) amputees. A study showed that unilateral TF amputees suffer from high asymmetry in ground reaction forces (53∼69%) and knee moments (110∼124%), while the asymmetry for healthy controls is less than 7% [1]. Note that, although a powered TF prosthesis (Power Knee™) was used in this study, it generated resistance in the STS and thus produced similar results as the passive devices. The inability of existing prostheses in generating knee torque and regulating the torque delivery in the STS seriously affects the mobility of TF amputees in their daily life. Motivated by this issue, researchers have developed numerous powered TF prostheses (e.g., Vanderbilt powered TF prostheses [2]). These devices are able to generate torque and power for challenging tasks such as STS transition. Making full use of such capability, however, requires an effective controller. Currently, walking control for powered prostheses has been well established, but STS control is much less investigated. Varol et al. developed a multi-mode TF prosthesis controller, in which STS is treated as a transitional motion between sitting and standing states [2]. However, no details were provided on the rationale of the STS controller structure or the determination of the control parameters. In this paper, a new prosthesis control approach is presented, which regulates the power and torque delivery in the STS process. Inspired by the biomechanical behavior of the knee in the STS motion, the new controller provides two desired functions (gradual loading of the knee at the beginning, and automatic adjustment of the knee torque according to motion progress) with a single equation. Combined with a simple yet reliable triggering condition, the proposed control approach is able to provide natural STS motion for the powered knee prosthesis users.
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Martinez-Villalpando, Ernesto C., Jeff Weber, Grant Elliott, and Hugh Herr. "Biomimetic Prosthetic Knee Using Antagonistic Muscle-Like Activation." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67705.

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The majority of commercial prosthetic knees are passive in nature and therefore cannot replicate the positive mechanical work exhibited by the natural human knee in early and late stance. In contrast to traditional purely dissipative prosthetic knees, we propose a biomimetic active agonist-antagonist structure designed to reproduce both positive and negative work phases of the natural joint while using series elasticity to minimize net energy consumption. We present the design and implementation of the active knee prosthesis prototype.
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Barbu, Daniela Mariana. "A total knee prosthesis CAD design." In 2017 E-Health and Bioengineering Conference (EHB). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ehb.2017.7995473.

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9

Waycaster, Garrett, Sai-Kit Wu, and Xiangrong Shen. "A Pneumatic Artificial Muscle Articulated Knee Prosthesis." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19536.

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This paper describes the mechanical design and control approach for an above-knee (AK) prosthesis actuated by pneumatic artificial muscle. Pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) affords great potential in prosthetics, since this type of actuator features a high power density, and similar characteristics to human muscles. However, there is no application of PAM in AK prosthetics in existing literature to the best knowledge of the authors. In this paper, a design of the prosthesis is presented, which provides sufficient actuation torque for the knee joint in energy consuming locomotive functions such as fast walking and stair climbing. The corresponding control approach is developed to mimic the human motor control in locomotive functions, which includes a lower-level equilibrium-point hypothesis-inspired motion controller, and a higher-level joint-behavior-based motion planner.
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10

Wu, Molei, Saroj Thapa, Md Rejwanul Haque, and Xiangrong Shen. "Toward a Low-Cost Modular Powered Transtibial Prosthesis: Initial Prototype Design and Testing." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3504.

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In human walking, the ankle plays an important role of supplying power needed for the forward motion [1]. However, traditional transtibial (TT, a.k.a. below-knee, BK) prostheses are passive, lacking the ability of generating power output in the prosthetic ankle. Consequently, amputees fitted with such prostheses suffer from multiple issues (asymmetric gait, greater metabolic energy expenditure, etc.). To address such issues, researchers have explored various technical approaches to develop powered TT prostheses. Hydraulics and pneumatics have been attempted, leveraging the high power density with these actuators (e.g. [2]). Electromagnetic actuators were used more extensively with its technological maturity and convenience in packaging. Typical examples include the multiple prototypes developed by the MIT Biomechatronics Group (e.g., [3]), the SPARKy project, and the Vanderbilt Transtibial Prosthesis. The TT prostheses mentioned above all include powered ankle joints to provide power for the users’ locomotion. However, cost and complexity are often given lower priority than performance in the development of such devices. Powered TT prosthesis is a typical low-volume product from a commercial perspective, and the resulting high cost is a major hurdle for the large-scale adoption among amputee users. General robotic components (motors, gearsets, etc.), in contrary, are produced in large quantities with relatively low prices. Such contrast is the major inspiration for this work: the goal is to develop a modular powered TT prosthesis based on low-cost commercial robotic components while minimizing the complexity in manufacturing and assembly.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Knee prosthesis design"

1

Hollerbach, K., and A. Hollister. Prosthetic knee design by simulation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15002379.

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