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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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1

Balagizi, Akonkwa, Ahouansou Montcho Simon, Nshombo Muderhwa, and Lalèyè Philippe. "Caractérisation De La Pêche Au Lac Kivu." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 13, no. 21 (July 31, 2017): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2017.v13n21p269.

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This study was focused on the description of fishing gears on Lake Kivu. Data were collected from March 2012 to February 2014 in Goma, Bukavu, and Kibuye fishing stations. The study findings indicate that gill nets, beach seine, lift net, trammel net composed of two panels of small and larger meshes (mosquito net attached to lift net parts), mosquito net, longline, single line, pots, and cast net were identified as fishing gears used on Lake Kivu. Longline was more selective (2 species) in terms of species selection. The lift net presented the best catch (19.4 ± 11 kg), while the trammel net showed the highest CPUE (7.9 ± 6.1 kg/h). The large dimensions of gears and the long netting duration characterized gillnets (1023.2 ± 620.1 m2 ) and longline (10.3 ± 4.6 hours) respectively. Cast-nets (20mm) showed the largest mesh size, while mosquito nets (1 ± 0.3 mm) were the smallest.

2

Marshall, B. E. "Pêche du sambaza au filet maillant dans le lac Kivu." African Journal of Aquatic Science 27, no. 2 (January 2002): 175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/16085914.2002.9626589.

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3

Onorato, W. T. "Potential Joint Development of the Methane Gas Reserves of Lac Kivu." ICSID Review 4, no. 2 (September 1, 1989): 310–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icsidreview/4.2.310.

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4

Cubaka Kabagale, Alfred, Légrand Cirimwami Bahimirwe, Henri Bora Uzima, Jospin Lwambo Kabolo, and Gabriel Baguma Balagizi. "Premiers inventaires de la diversité des macroinvertébrés aquatiques du lac Vert, Goma/Nord- Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo." Journal of Applied Biosciences 140, no. 1 (November 26, 2019): 14268. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v140i1.6.

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5

Kennardi, Gabriel, Maelita Moeis, and Andreas Andreas. "Operon Construction Containing alsS, ilvC, ilvD and kivd Genes in Esch-erichia coli for Isobutanol Production from Glucose." Jurnal Matematika dan Sains 25, no. 1 (September 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5614/jms.2020.25.1.3.

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Isobutanol is a biofuel considered to be a potential gasoline substitute. However, isobutanol production is difficult because there is no native organism that can produce isobutanol. A biosynthetic pathway to produce isobutanol had been designed to utilize pyruvate produced from glucose breakdown by glycolysis in Escherichia coli (E. coli). This biosynthetic pathway con-sists of acetolactate-synthase (ALS), ketol-acid reductoisomerase (KARI), dihydroxy-acid dehydratase (DHAD), alpha-ketoisovalerate decarboxylase (KDC) and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes. Since E. coli does not have ALS and KDC, the genes coding for the protein is needed to be cloned and overexpressed in E. coli. KARI and DHAD were overexpressed to increase the accumulation of keto acid to increase isobutanol production. Plasmid contains an operon controlled by lac pro-moter and lac operator consisting of alsS (coded ALS from Bacillus subtilis), ilvC (coded KARI from E. coli MG1655) and ilvD (coded DHAD from E. coli MG1655) genes, obtained from previous research, and operon sequences have been confirmed by DNA sequencing. kivd gene (coding KDC from Lactococcus lactis) was obtained from iGEM 2013 kit. kivd was amplified by PCR and inserted into pJET 1.2 blunt. kivd gene was then added into 3’ end of previous operon using restriction-ligation tech-nique. The plasmid constructed was then transfered into E. coli DH5α using heat shock. The recombinant genes were expressed using IPTG (isopropyl-β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) induction. The SDS PAGE results were inconclusive, however isobutanol was detected by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry – Selected Ion Monitoring (GC-MS-SIM) from 48 hours fermenta-tion culture at 30 oC (1,17%). An operon regulated by the lac promoter-operator containing four genes for the biosynthesis of isobutanol has been constructed and cloned in E. coli. The isobutanol production was not optimal due to weak expression and repression by glucose, which was used as substrate.

6

Ben-Ezra, Elisha. "Wer spricht Esperanto? Kiu parolas Esperanton? By Frank Stocker." Language 75, no. 1 (1999): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1999.0004.

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7

Breytenbach, Willie, Dalitso Chilemba, Thomas A. Brown, and Charlotte Plantive. "Conflicts in the Congo: From Kivu to Kabila." African Security Review 8, no. 5 (January 1999): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.1999.9627762.

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8

Washburn, Dorothy K. "Mesoamerican Antecedents of Sikyatki-Style Geometric Patterns on Textiles Depicted in Murals from the American Southwest." Latin American Antiquity 30, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/laq.2018.73.

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This paper uses plane pattern symmetries to describe the structural arrangement of motifs in Sikyatki-style patterns on textiles depicted in fourteenth and fifteenth century AD kiva murals from Awat'ovi and Kawaika'a in Arizona and Pottery Mound in New Mexico. The analysis reveals that these textiles have pattern structures in common with designs on textiles, ceramic artifacts, and architectural decorations in the Postclassic Mixteca-Puebla style. These shared patterns and pattern structures were introduced into the American Southwest woven on fabric structures of textiles brought north from Mesoamerica via trade and migration routes along the Mexican West Coast and through the Sierra Madre.

9

Dumont, Henri J. "The Tanganyika Sardine in Lake Kivu: Another Ecodisaster for Africa?" Environmental Conservation 13, no. 2 (1986): 143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900036742.

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10

Bahalaokwibuye, Christian Bahati. "Hybridation normative et institutionnelle dans les coopératives minières. Entre pluralisme juridique et ineffectivité du droit coopératif congolais." Canadian Journal of Law and Society / Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 32, no. 01 (March 14, 2017): 137–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cls.2016.40.

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Résumé Cette étude aborde les pratiques coopératives non officielles comme plombant l’effectivité du droit coopératif officiel ou une manière d’expression d’une normativité informelle au sein des coopératives minières du Sud-Kivu à l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo. Elle se fonde sur des entretiens et une observation des pratiques des exploitants miniers artisanaux relativement à la création et à la gouvernance de leurs coopératives minières. L’étude de l’organisation normative des coopératives contribue aux réflexions sur une réforme participative des politiques publiques afin d’améliorer la gouvernance du secteur minier en RDC.

11

Ndjadi, Serge S., Léonard E. Ahoton, Roger V. Kizungu, Aliou Saidou, Yannick Mugumaarhahama, Arsène C. Mushagalusa, Francine B. Safina, and Gustave N. Mushagalusa. "Évaluation de la durabilité des exploitations maraîchères au Sud-Kivu (Est de la République Démocratique du Congo)." Cahiers Agricultures 30 (2021): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cagri/2020050.

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Le maraîchage est actuellement un secteur où certaines pratiques d’agriculture moderne comme la culture pure et l’utilisation des produits de synthèse se développent, mais sont de plus en plus questionnées. L’évaluation de la durabilité de ces pratiques n’a pas encore fait l’objet d’études dans les régions montagneuses du Sud-Kivu, à l’Est de la République démocratique du Congo. Pour y remédier, la durabilité de 368 unités de production maraîchère choisies de manière aléatoire et stratifiée a été évaluée grâce à l’outil « Indicateur de la durabilité de la production maraîchère » (IPDM). Les résultats obtenus font ressortir trois types d’exploitations dont 44 % sont de grande taille, 52 % de taille moyenne et 5 % de petite taille. Il a été constaté que, sur un maximum de 100 points possibles, les exploitations de petite taille obtiennent des scores de durabilité de 60 %, 53 % et 57 % sur les trois dimensions respectives de la durabilité : agroécologique, socio-territoriale et économique. Sur toutes ces dimensions, les grandes exploitations n’atteignent pas 50 %. Ces résultats montrent que les grandes exploitations, plus modernes, sont cependant moins durables. Afin de pérenniser le maraîchage au Sud-Kivu, il apparaît donc nécessaire de promouvoir l’intensification écologique, la diversification intégrée et la promotion des intrants locaux auprès des différents types d’exploitation, et en particulier des plus grandes, engagées dans des techniques intensives mais peu durables.

12

Gabriele, Chiara, Kelly Matheson, and Raquel Vazquez Llorente. "The Role of Mobile Technology in Documenting International Crimes." Journal of International Criminal Justice 19, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqab026.

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Abstract This article reflects on the landmark use of photo and video evidence in the Affaire Castro et Kizito. In 2018, a mobile military court in Kalehe, South Kivu, in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) tried two members of the Forces Démocratiques de Libération du Rwanda (FDLR) for crimes against humanity and war crimes. This case broke new ground not only in the DRC, but also globally. For the first time, a court of law admitted digital photography that had been captured with the eyeWitness app, a ready-for-court technology developed to streamline the documentation of international crimes. The authors of this article are legal advisers who were involved in the case and write from their own experience to illustrate how photo and video evidence can strengthen cases and advance justice for the gravest crimes.

13

Geenen, Sara. "Dispossession, displacement and resistance: Artisanal miners in a gold concession in South-Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo." Resources Policy 40 (June 2014): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2013.03.004.

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14

Kulimushi, Parent Zihalirwa, Géant Chuma Basime, Gustave Mushagalusa Nachigera, Philippe Thonart, and Marc Ongena. "Efficacy of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens as biocontrol agent to fight fungal diseases of maize under tropical climates: from lab to field assays in south Kivu." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 30 (June 9, 2017): 29808–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-017-9314-9.

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15

Simbeko, Guy, Paul-Martin Dontsop Nguezet, Haruna Sekabira, Mastewal Yami, Serge Amato Masirika, Krishan Bheenick, Deogratias Bugandwa, et al. "Entrepreneurial Potential and Agribusiness Desirability among Youths in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of the Congo." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010873.

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In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), entrepreneurship in the agriculture sector remains for youth a key pillar for income creation. However, few are attracted by agribusiness despite stakeholders’ efforts toward engaging youth in agriculture. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between entrepreneurial potential characteristics and youth desirability to start an enterprise in agriculture among 514 young people in Eastern DRC. This study revealed that youth in South Kivu have different entrepreneurship potential features and agribusiness desirability levels according to their gender and living area. Hence, the youth’s agribusiness desirability is motivated by an awareness of emerging agripreneurial activities, land ownership, parent involvement in farming activities as a role model, perceived agribusiness as an employment source, management-organizing and opportunistic competencies, market analysis, negotiating, and planning skills. Therefore, efforts to attract youth into agribusiness should focus on the use of media, the creation of awareness of available agribusiness initiatives in their area, and the setup of land policy. This is in addition to putting in place capacity-building programs on entrepreneurial and business skills through incubators, and the formalization of youth agribusiness groups that foster capitalizing experiences between new and accelerated agripreneurial enterprises, with the support of parents and financial institutions, focusing on gender sensitivity, in both rural and urban areas.

16

He, Miao, Zailin Guan, Guoxiang Hou, and Xiaofen Wang. "A Novel Parts-to-Picker System with Buffer Racks and Access Racks in Flexible Warehousing Systems." Sustainability 16, no. 4 (February 6, 2024): 1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16041388.

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With the tremendous development of the logistics industry, the global market of automated warehousing has been growing rapidly. Meanwhile, the warehousing industry shows drawbacks, such as low storage capacity and poor efficiency. By comparing and analyzing the shuttle-based storage and retrieval system (SBS/RS), miniload automated storage and retrieval system (AS/RS), and KIVA system, a novel efficient parts-to-picker approach in flexible warehousing systems is proposed. Among them, buffer racks and access racks, associated with the access of automated mobile robots (AMRs) and stackers are used. The results show that compared with other parts-to-picker systems (such as the KIVA system), this system provides a significant increase in storage capacity (more than three times), and the picking efficiency is also very high at various layout scales, where the picking efficiency is no less than the KIVA system when the number of AMRs reaches the max. The novel system is suitable for small-, medium-, and large-scale warehouses in terms of showing high capacity and producing excellent space utilization. More importantly, this system can easily compete with its traditional counterparts by using a layout of high density without much increase in cost. This sustainable improvement realizes the efficient utilization of spatial resources and provides important support for the construction of green supply chains.

17

Kilosho Buraye, Janvier, Nik Stoop, and Marijke Verpoorten. "Defusing the social minefield of gold sites in Kamituga, South Kivu. From legal pluralism to the re-making of institutions?" Resources Policy 53 (September 2017): 356–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2017.07.009.

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18

Thakur, Monika. "Demilitarising militias in the Kivus (eastern Democratic Republic of Congo)." African Security Review 17, no. 1 (March 2008): 51–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10246029.2008.9627459.

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19

Nyamuhirwa, Dieu-Merci Akonkwa, Bola Amoke Awotide, Doux Baraka Kusinza, Valery Kasereka Bishikwabo, Jacob Mignouna, Zoumana Bamba, and Paul-Martin Dontsop Nguezet. "A Comparative Analysis of Technical Efficiency and Profitability of Agribusiness and Non-Agribusiness Enterprises in Eastern DRC." Sustainability 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 8384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14148384.

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The purpose of this study was to determine whether agribusiness could be competitive compared to non-agribusiness employment opportunities in terms of technical efficiency and profitability. We used data collected on all seven operating cassava community processing centers (CCPCs) and 150 comparable non-agribusiness enterprises in South Kivu province. A Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), as well as cost–benefit ratios and net monthly revenue, were used to examine technical efficiency and profitability. Our results showed that agribusiness was more competitive than non-agribusiness in terms of technical efficiency and profitability. The cost–benefit ratio shows that every dollar invested in agribusiness earns investors US $2.8, while it earns investors in non-agribusiness US $2.1. Moreover, technical efficiency increases significantly with agribusiness. These results show that agribusiness can compete with other non-agribusiness activities, and it remains a solution to youth unemployment in the region.

20

Muderhwa, Nshombo, and Lushombo Matabaro. "The introduction of the endemic fish species,Lamprichthys Tanganicanus(Poeciliidae), from Lake Tanganyika into Lake Kivu: Possible causes and effects." Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 13, no. 2 (May 28, 2010): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14634981003800733.

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21

Chuma, Géant Basimine, Jean Mubalama Mondo, Denis Jean Sonwa, Katcho Karume, Gustave Nachigera Mushagalusa, and Serge Schmitz. "Socio-economic determinants of land use and land cover change in South-Kivu wetlands, eastern D.R. Congo: Case study of Hogola and Chisheke wetlands." Environmental Development 43 (September 2022): 100711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2022.100711.

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22

Chuma, Géant Basimine, Jean Mubalama Mondo, Katcho Karume, Gustave Nachigera Mushagalusa, and Serge Schmitz. "Factors driving utilization patterns of marshlands in the vicinity of South-Kivu urban agglomerations based on Rapid Assessment of Wetland Ecosystem Services (RAWES)." Environmental Challenges 5 (December 2021): 100297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envc.2021.100297.

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23

Préat, Jean-Louis. "Justine Brabant, « Qu’on nous laisse combattre et la guerre finira », Avec les combattants du Kivu . Préface de Rony Brauman. La découverte, « Cahiers libres », 2016, 248 pages, 21 €." Études Juillet-Août, no. 7 (June 22, 2016): XXI. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etu.4229.0125u.

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24

Perissi, Daniele, and Karen Naimer. "Achieving Justice for Child Survivors of Conflict-related Sexual Violence in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Journal of International Criminal Justice 18, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 293–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jicj/mqaa008.

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Abstract In March 2015, the first major conference, or États Généraux, of the Congolese justice system was held in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The conference, the mandate of which was to evaluate the functioning of the judicial system and formulate recommendations about reforms and actions to be implemented, pledged to strengthen national investigations and prosecutions of international crimes as a matter of priority. This development was significant in a country where widespread impunity for perpetrators of mass crimes, in particular conflict-related sexual violence, is rampant and exacerbates the trauma suffered by survivors. Among the cases deemed a ‘priority’, the Kavumu case was especially important. In that case, the Military Court of South Kivu found that the accused were part of an armed group, controlled by provincial lawmaker Frédéric Batumike, and together they were responsible for the rape of over 40 young girls over a three-year period. After a long and complex process, in December 2017, a mobile military court convicted 11 militia members, including the parliamentarian, of rape as a crime against humanity and sentenced them to life. In July 2018, the High Military Court confirmed the verdict. This article will provide an overview of the Kavumu case as well as the main milestones of the proceedings. The article will then discuss three features of the case that exemplify innovations and best practices — as well as pending challenges — in the prosecution of conflict-related sexual violence, including the issue of domestic immunities for international crimes; the unique, interdisciplinary protections undertaken for child victims of sexual violence in legal proceedings; and the effective collaborations among the network of medical, legal, and civil society actors supporting national efforts to combat impunity. The Kavumu case aptly illustrates how national justice institutions, working alongside international and local partners, can lead the way in achieving progress and overcoming complex challenges to advance accountability and set important precedents in the fight against impunity for conflict-related sexual violence.

25

Bihehe, Dieudonné Masemo, Ahadi Birindwa Bwihangane, Jean-Paulin Mukonkole Mbo, Christian Tshongo Muhindo, Michel Hermans, and Philippe Bianga Katchunga. "Dynamics in the Prevalence of Insulin Resistance between 2005 and 2023 in Type 2 Diabetics in South Kivu in the East of the Democratic Republic of Congo: Cross-Sectional Studies." Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 14, no. 01 (2024): 28–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jdm.2024.141004.

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26

Bihehe, Dieudonne Masemo, Ahadi Birindwa Bwihangane, Jean-Paulin Mukonkole Mbo, Michel Hermans та Philippe Bianga Katchunga. "Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, Insulin Sensitivity and Islet <i>β</i>-Cell Secretory Function in Diabetic Patients from South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of Congo: Cross-Sectional Study". Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 14, № 02 (2024): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jdm.2024.142008.

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27

Mark, Karemire Deusdedit, Mbyemeire Patrick, Byabashaija Deusdedit, and Gimaddu Esther. "Methods of Teaching and Performance of Lecturers in Uganda." Scholars Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 10, no. 4 (April 29, 2022): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjahss.2022.v10i04.005.

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This study assessed the correlation between effective methods of teaching and performance of lecturers in Uganda. The study adopted a descriptive research design with quantitative and qualitative approaches. A sample of 210 respondents out of 3482 target population were selected using a table developed by Morgan & Kreijcie (1970). Data was collected using questionnaire and interview guide and analyzed using frequencies, percentages(Descriptive statistics) and Pearson linear correlation coefficient (Inferential analysis) for quantitative data and thematic analysis was used for analyzing qualitative data. The study findings established a significant relationship between effective methods of teaching and performance of lecturers, a case of Kampala International University (KIU) in Uganda. Professional development provides avenues for continued learning and growing scientifically. It enhanced lecturers’ capabilities to acquire more knowledge and skills which led to increased use of different teaching strategies and methods. This consequently boosted student’s performance since knowledge and skills were shared. It was therefore concluded that networks with other lecturing programs should be established to enable students listen to advice, support and encouragement for purposes of academic improvement. The study recommended that university management should establish a time for professional development so that all lecturers are able to attend lecture education courses to acquire appropriate methods of teaching as part of professionalism.

28

De Marinis, Pietro, Paolo Stefano Ferrario, Guido Sali, and Giulio Senes. "The Rapid and Participatory Assessment of Land Suitability in Development Cooperation." Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 13049. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013049.

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Development cooperation in agriculture aims to contribute to the achieving of a large part of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN 2030 Agenda, especially the first three, No Poverty (1), Zero Hunger (2), and Good Health and Well-being (3). Development cooperation in agriculture tries to help local communities to increase their awareness, participation, and skills about the management of land and environmental resources, in order to realize sustainable development. In this context, methods of participatory assessment of land suitability have been widely and successfully applied. The present research took place in the framework of a real development cooperation intervention in Nord Kivu (Democratic Republic of Congo) and aimed to implement a rapid participatory assessment of land suitability. In this context, where official and detailed data are not available, the study fostered the active involvement of local experts and used geographical information systems (GIS) to identify the most suitable crops to be supported in different zones of the study area. Toward this aim, the authors used a procedure based on the following steps: the identification of relevant land use types (LUTs), mapping capability factors, describing the responses of each LUT to the different capability factors, mapping potential land suitability for the LUTs, mapping accessibility, mapping land suitability for the LUTs. Resulting maps and tables were used to identify the most suitable areas for the different uses. Globally, forestry was the most suited use (99.6% of the study area is potentially highly suitable), followed by the cropping of manioc, sorghum, banana, oil palm, bean and cattle grazing in decreasing order (62.6% of the study area is potentially highly suitable for grazing). When accessibility is considered, forestry presents the largest decrease in the class of high potential suitability (−34.9% equal to a loss of 24,945.5 ha), while less adaptable uses, such as cattle grazing showed lower decreases in highly suitable class (−11.2%) and larger increases in scarcely suitable class (+9.5%). At a later stage, the comparison between computed suitability and actual land use helped with identifying the areas where forestry should be the only (or most) supported activity and the areas where to push integrated land uses. Our interpretation of the results allows us to recommend the adoption of agroforestry and intercropping as the main methodologies to integrate multiple aims such as the environmental conservation and the improvement of livelihoods.

29

Huynh, Huong Lan Thi, Anh Tien Do, and Trang Minh Dao. "Climate change vulnerability assessment for Can Tho city by a set of indicators." International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijccsm-01-2018-0003.

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Purpose The city of Can Tho, located on Vietnam’s Mekong Delta, has been identified as one of the nation’s most vulnerable sites for adverse climate change-induced impacts. Can Tho’s policymakers are faced with tackling these challenges but lack the necessary tools and funds to properly address the situation. The study aims to develop a set of indicators to assess the degree of climate change vulnerability so that policymakers can determine which of Can Tho’s districts are most in need of attention, and then propose the best options for climate change adaptation activities. Design/methodology/approach The indicators, including quantifications of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity, were categorized in three tiers, from 1 to 3, to reflect their importance with regard to the situation. The higher tier indicators comprised a number of lower tier indicators, which were developed based on real-life, practical situations at the local level. Findings The results showed that the Thoi Lai District, with a vulnerability indicator estimated at 0.59, is more vulnerable to the impacts of climate change than other districts because of its lower adaptive capacity and higher sensitivity. In contrast, Ninh Kieu District’s climate change indicator of 0.24 demonstrates it has higher resilience to climate change impacts. Originality/value This study showed that the set of indicators developed provides a promising approach for supporting local policymakers in Can Tho to actively respond to climate change-related challenges, and that this approach has the potential to be upscaled for other cities in Vietnam.

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Hebib, Mirza. "Prikaz knjige: Saccoccio, A.; Porcelli, S. (ur.), “Codice civile cinese e sistema giuridico romanistico”, Mucchi editore, Modena, 2021." Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 72, no. 3 (June 30, 2022): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3935/zpfz.72.3.09.

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Ugledna talijanska izdavačka kuća Mucchi iz Modene u rujnu 2021. godine, pod uredničkom palicom Antonija Saccoccija, redovitog profesora Sveučilišta La Sapienza u Rimu, i Stefana Porcellija, višeg istraživača Sveučilišta u Bresciji, objavila je znanstvenu monografiju pod nazivom Kineski građanski zakonik i rimski pravni sustav (Codice civile cinese e sistema giuridico romanistico). Riječ je o monografiji za kojom se, očekivano, javio veliki interes u romanističkim krugovima, ali i među širom zainteresiranom pravničkom javnošću. Naime, 1. siječnja 2021. godine u Narodnoj Republici Kini, najmnogoljudnijoj i jednoj od ekonomski najsnažnijih zemalja svijeta, stupio je na snagu novi Građanski zakonik (Codex iuris civilis sinicus, dalje: Zakonik), koji je 28. svibnja 2020. godine usvojio Državni narodni kongres Kine. Težnja za uređenjem pravnog sustava, poštujući princip vladavine prava u Kini, prisutna je posljednjih nekoliko desetljeća. U segmentu privatnog prava bili su prisutni veliki napori i različiti iskoraci u cilju uređenja mnogih pitanja značajnih za kinesko društvo u cjelini. Došlo je do usvajanja Zakona o dioničkim društvima, Zakona o ugovorima, Zakona o vlasništvu i stvarnim pravima itd. Pravni znanstvenici koji su pratili te izmjene, poput jednog od urednika predmetne monografije, Stefana Porcellija, ocijenili su kako su revizije ovih zakona bile prilično značajne i temeljite te su se ticale mnogih segmenata duboko vezanih s istinskim potrebama kineskog društva. Donošenje svih tih zakona te kontinuirani rad na modifikacijama unutar pravnog poretka dodijelio je novim zakonima središnju ulogu u kineskom društvu. Iako su nedvojbeno reformski procesi doprinosili jačanju vladavine prava, nastojeći uspostaviti vertikalni niz između kineske prošlosti, sadašnjosti i budućnosti, sve se izvjesnijom činila nužnost kodificiranja prava. Prijedlozi za izradu Zakonika spominjali su se još prije 20-ak godina, ali zauzet je opći stav kako društvo, ako se savinjistički izrazimo, još uvijek nije zrelo za cjelovitu reformu. I tako, nastavljen je niz donošenja novih zakona, što je zbog velike količine propisa uzrokovalo nužnost sustavnog usklađivanja kako bi se ti propisi mogli razumjeti i primijeniti. Zbog svega navedenog u listopadu 2014. godine Središnji odbor Komunističke partije Kine izrazio je želju da se izradi Nacrt građanskog zakonika za Narodnu Republiku Kinu. Radovi na izradi kodifikacije napredovali su velikom brzinom, a u tom procesu došlo je do snažne, u prvom redu akademske, suradnje kineskih i talijanskih pravnika. Na tom tragu rimsko pravo i moderne građanske kodifikacije, osobito talijanski Codice civile, poslužili su kao izvrsni modeli iz kojih se crpila pravnička inspiracija, a sve kako bi se, poštujući pravila o pravnoj transplantaciji, instituti i koncepti na adekvatan način inkorporirali u kinesku pravnu kulturu i omogućili joj daljnji gospodarski rast i razvoj, što je nedvojbeno u korelaciji s osiguranjem pravne sigurnosti. Zakonikom je postavljen cilj osiguravanja pravde kroz reguliranje građanskih, trgovačkih, a jednim dijelom i radnih odnosa, kroz sustavno pružanje jasnog pravnog okvira onima koji posluju ili žele poslovati na području Kine. Kako su sami urednici naglasili u uvodnoj studiji, forma i koncepti predmetne kodifikacije pokazuju kako je kineski zakonodavac i tamošnja pravna znanost prilikom izrade kodifikacije nastojala postići dijalog s rimskim pravnim sustavom, odnosno pravničkim poukama izgrađivanim u rimskoj pravnoj tradiciji posljednjih tisućljeća. Zbog toga, kako bi se istinski razumjeli opsezi primjene i izvorna značenja koncepata primijenjenih u Zakoniku, nužno je, u cilju razumijevanja sadržaja, dobro poznavati te konstantno proučavati rimski pravni sustav i njegov unutarnji razvoj.

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Vaitiekūnas, Petras, and Inga Jakštonienė. "ANALYSIS OF NUMERICAL MODELLING OF TURBULENCE IN A CONICAL REVERSE‐FLOW CYCLONE." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2010): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2010.37.

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This paper aims to analyse the problem of numerical modelling of the airflow in a conical reverse‐flow (CRF) cyclone with tangential inlet (equipment for separation of solid particles from gaseous fluid flow). A review of experimental and theoretical papers that describe cyclones with very complex swirling flow is performed. Three‐dimensional transport differential equations for incompressible turbulent flow inside a cyclone are solved numerically using finite volume‐based turbulence models, namely, the Standard k–ϵ model, the RNG k–ϵ model and the Reynolds stress model (RSM). The paper describes the numerical modelling of the airflow in the CRF cyclone, the height of which is 0.75 m, diameter ‐ 0.17 m, height of cylindrical part ‐ 0.255 m, height of conical part ‐ 0.425 m, inlet area is 0.085×0.032 m2. Mathematical model of airflow in a cyclone consisted of Navier‐Stokes (Reynolds) three‐dimensional differential equation system. Modelling results, obtained from the numerical tests when inlet velocity is 4.64, 9.0 and 14.8 m/s and flow rate is, respectively, 0.0112, 0.0245 and 0.0408 (0.0388) m3/s, have demonstrated a reasonable agreement with other authors’ experimental and theoretical results. The average relative error was ± 7.5%. Santrauka Nagrinejama duju aerodinamikos kūginiame grižtamojo srauto (KGS) ciklone (irenginys kietosioms dalelems atskirti iš oro srauto) su tangentiniu srauto itekejimu skaitinio modeliavimo problema. Trimates nespūdžiojo turbulentinio srauto ciklono viduje pernašos diferencialines lygtys skaitiškai sprestos baigtiniu tūriu metodu taikant standartini k–ϵ, RNG k–ϵ ir Reinoldso itempiu (RIM) turbulencijos modelius. Atliktas skaitinis oro srauto judejimo KGS ciklone modeliavimas. Ciklono aukštis – 0,75 m, skersmuo ‐ 0,17 m, cilindrines dalies aukšti ‐ 0,255 m, kūgines ‐ 0,425 m, itekejimo angos plotas 0,085×0,032 m2. Oro srauto judejimo ciklone matematinis modelis – Navje ir Stokso (Reinoldso) trimačiu diferencialiniu lygčiu sistema. Modeliavimo rezultatai, kai itekejimo greitis 4,64, 9,0 bei 14,8 m/s ir debitas – 0,0112, 0,0245 ir 0,0408 (0,0388) m3/s, neblogai sutapo su kitu autoriu eksperimentiniais rezultatais. Vidutine santykine paklaida ‐ ± 8 proc. Резюме Анализируется проблема аэродинамики газового потока в коническом возвратного потока (КВП) циклоне (оборудование для отделения твердых частиц от газового потока) с тангенциальной подачей газа. Произведен обзор экспериментальных и теоретических работ в циклонах такого типа, в которых образуется сложное вихревое течение потока. Для моделирования использованы трехмерные дифференциальные уравнения переноса, численно решаемые методом конечных объемов с использованием следующих моделей: стaндартной k–e, RNG k–e и рейнольдсовой модели турбулентности напряжений. Произведено численное моделирование движения потока воздуха в циклоне КВП, высота которого 0,75 м, диаметр – 0,17 м, высота цилиндрической части – 0,255 м, конической части – 0,425 м, площадь входного отверстия – 0,085×0,032 м 2 . Математическую модель движения потока воздуха в циклоне составила система трехмерных дифференциальных уравнений Навье-Стокса и Рейнольдса. Анализ результатов, произведенный при скоростях втекания в циклон 4,64, 9,0 и 14,8 м/с (дебит – 0,0112, 0,0245 и 0,0408 м 3 /c) и для модели рейнольдсовых напряжений, показал приемлемую согласованность с результатами других исследователей – со средней относительной погрешностью ± 7,5 проц.

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Ndabarushimana, Alexis, and Mutimanwa Dieudonné Mwenyemali. "https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/14429." European Scientific Journal ESJ 17, no. 20 (June 30, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2021.v17n20p199.

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La pêche au filet maillant joue un rôle considérable dans l’amélioration des conditions de vie des communautés riveraines du lac Kivu. L’introduction de cette technique de pêche au filet maillant est un mécanisme d'emploi et de survie pour au moins dix mille (10.000) personnes dont les pêcheurs, les femmes marchandes et leurs dépendants. Le présent article a pour objectif d'analyser l’impact de l'introduction du filet maillant sur les conditions de vie des communautés riveraines du lac Kivu. La technique documentaire a permis de consulter les études antérieures réalisées sur l’impact de l’introduction du filet maillant sur le lac Kivu au sein des communautés locales. Ainsi, le caractère empirique de l’étude a exigé l’usage de la technique de l’entretien pour collecter les informations d’ordre qualitatif. Le questionnaire administré à 89 enquêtés par la technique indirecte a permis de collecter les informations d’ordre quantitatif que nous avons analysées à l’aide du logiciel statistique pour les sciences sociales (SPSS). Les données qualitatives ont été codées pour la quantification du sens que les enquêtés donnent à l’importance du filet maillant. Ce sont les approches qualitative et quantitative qui ont été utilisées pour analyser l’impact socio-économique de l’introduction du filet maillant sur les conditions de vie des communautés riveraines du lac Kivu. En effet, les résultats obtenus montrent que la première retombée de l’introduction du filet maillant est la création d'emplois, l'augmentation de la production, l’amélioration de la sécurité alimentaire telle qu’affirmé respectivement par 91,01%, 82,2% et 74,15%. L'amélioration des conditions de vie et le renforcement de la cohésion sociale ont été affirmés, respectivement par 93,25% et 77,52% d’enquêtés. Ces affirmations ont été appuyées par le rapport final du projet pêche qui a également aidé les pêcheurs à se constituer en comités de pêcheurs. Du côté des femmes, les marchandes s'organisent en tontine où elles échangent entre elles et cherchent des solutions à leurs différends. Et en dernier lieu, c'est la création de plusieurs marchés de Limnothrissa Miodon qui a été évoquée par 79,77% et qui s'explique par la multiplication des unités de pêche qui sont à la recherche de lieux proches des populations afin d'écouler leurs produits. Toutefois, l’étude a révélé que l’insécurité affirmée par 60,67% d’enquêtés et le travail des enfants affirmé par 92,13% d’enquêtés sont les conséquences néfastes de l’introduction du filet maillant dans le lac Kivu.

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F.J., Nihoreye,, Nyongombe, U.N., Alunga, L.G., Akonkwa, B.D., Isumbisho, M.P., and Okitayela, O.F. "Reproductive performance of female Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus L. in South Kivu (DR Congo): comparison of two strains differing in origin and history of domestication." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 7, no. 08 (August 30, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v7i8.mp02.

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This study was conducted to evaluate the reproductive performance of females of Oreochromis niloticus originating from a strain of distant origin and extensively exploited in fish farming (Nyakabera strain) and a local strain recently removed from the natural environment (Lac Kivu strain). The experiment was carried out in triplicate with fry of 4.9 to 6.3 g placed in earthen ponds for a period of 6 months, at the Nyakabera fish station in South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo. The comparison of the two strains focused on the size of the first sexual maturity, gonado-somatic ratio, fecundity, egg diameter and condition factor. The results showed that under similar managed rearing conditions, the Nyakabera strain reaches sexual maturity earlier and is characterized by a higher gonado-somatic ratio and higher relative fertility, but a worse condition compared to the Lac Kivu strain. These differences, which indicate a better reproductive success of the Nyakabera strain, are related to the origin and the history of domestication, which are just as different from these two strains.

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Zirirane, Dieudonné N., J. G. M. Majaliwa, B. J. B. Muhigwa, N. G. Mushagalusa, K. Karume, and M. Bagalwa. "Efficacité de rétention des polluants par les marais Ciranga et Kabamba du Lac Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo." VertigO, Volume 15 Numéro 1 (May 12, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/vertigo.16027.

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Lutala, Prosper M., Claude M. Kasereka, Eric K. Kasagila, John B. Inipavudu, and Suleiman I. Toranke. "Quality assurance of malaria case management in an urban and in sub-rural health centres in Goma, Congo." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 3, no. 1 (October 7, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v3i1.225.

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Background: Every year, up to three million deaths throughout the world occur as a result of malaria, 90% of which occur in Africa. Despite training providers in malaria case management and the availability of appropriate medical suppliers, there are still weaknesses in the management chain of malaria.Objectives: Our aim was to assess the quality of malaria case management in two primary health care centres in the Goma health district. Specific objectives were the assessment of quality accuracy in the dosage, the duration of treatment, the intervals between administrations, and the routes of administration of anti-malarial medication in two health centres, as well as the subsequent comparison of those two sites. Method: A descriptive retrospective study was conducted using the malaria register’s review to assess two health centres in the Goma health district. Socio-demographical and clinical data were recorded and the quality was assessed against the national guidelines. Descriptive statistics with percentages and Chi-square values were computed. Results: Under-dosage was more common in CCLK (Centre Chrétien du Lac Kivu [Lake Kivu Christian Centre]) with 55 patients (62.5%; 95% CI, 52% – 71.8%) patients, whilst the over-dosage was present in 64 patients (80%; 95% CI, 69.9% – 87.2%) in CASOP (Caisse de Solidarité Ouvrière et Paysanne [Fund of Solidarity Workers and Peasants]). The duration of treatment was shorter in CCLK in 15 patients (93.7%; 95% CI, 71.6% – 98.8%); CASOP had a high rate of inappropriate intervals between the administration of drugs in 14 patients (82.3%; 95% CI, 58.9% – 93.8%). Intravenous administration rates were high in both sites with respectively 102 patients in CASOP (62.5%; 95% CI, 54.9% – 69.6%) and 61 patients in CCLK (37.4%; 95% CI, 30.3% – 45.0%). Significant differences were found between the two sites with regard to intervals of administration (χ2 = 7.11, p = 0.007), duration of treatment (χ2 = 8.51, p = 0.003), dosage (χ2 = 3.91, p = 0.05). The routes of administration were used in a similar manner, however, in the two sites (χ2 = 0.78, p = 0.37).Conclusion: Abnormalities in dosage, in the duration of treatment, in the intervals between administration and in the routes of administration were found in both sites. Consequently we conclude that success in guidelines implementation is a complex process and cannot be based only on scientific evidence, but certain contextual factors must be considered.

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Ngila Kikuni, Ibrahim, and Florent Munenge Mudage. "Protecting disabled people during armed conflict in North Kivu: Challenges and perspectives." International Review of the Red Cross, November 7, 2022, 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383122000911.

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Abstract This study analyses the situation of persons with disabilities caught up in armed conflict in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, in particular in North Kivu Province. The study goes beyond the few statistics available – which show the vulnerability of persons with disabilities during humanitarian crises – to identify the obstacles to taking persons with disabilities into account in humanitarian action in North Kivu. As a result, the study provides practical recommendations to overcome these obstacles, fill in the gaps in humanitarian action and improve the situation of persons with disabilities by ensuring efficient and effective protection in times of armed conflict.

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Zeldes, Benjamin, Anja Poehlein, Surbhi Jain, Christoph Baum, Rolf Daniel, Volker Müller, and Mirko Basen. "DNA uptake from a laboratory environment drives unexpected adaptation of a thermophile to a minor medium component." ISME Communications 3, no. 1 (January 11, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43705-022-00211-7.

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AbstractDNA uptake is widespread among microorganisms and considered a strategy for rapid adaptation to new conditions. While both DNA uptake and adaptation are referred to in the context of natural environments, they are often studied in laboratories under defined conditions. For example, a strain of the thermophile Thermoanaerobacter kivui had been adapted to growth on high concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO). Unusual phenotypes of the CO-adapted strain prompted us to examine it more closely, revealing a horizontal gene transfer (HGT) event from another thermophile, Thermoanaerobacter sp. strain X514, being cultured in the same laboratory. The transferred genes conferred on T. kivui the ability to utilize trehalose, a trace component of the yeast-extract added to the media during CO-adaptation. This same HGT event simultaneously deleted a native operon for thiamine biosynthesis, which likely explains why the CO-adapted strain grows poorly without added vitamins. Attempts to replicate this HGT by providing T. kivui with genomic DNA from Thermoanaerobacter sp. strain X514 revealed that it is easily reproducible in the lab. This subtle form of “genome contamination” is difficult to detect, since the genome remains predominantly T. kivui, and no living cells from the original contamination remain. Unexpected HGT between two microorganisms as well as simultaneous adaptation to several conditions may occur often and unrecognized in laboratory environments, requiring caution and careful monitoring of phenotype and genotype of microorganisms that are naturally-competent for DNA uptake.

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Molima Bameka, Christelle. "Narrowing the Gap in the Access to Justice for Child Victims in Postconflict Societies: An Analysis Stemming from the Construction of Child Soldiers in International Law and Policy." International Journal of Transitional Justice, March 11, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijtj/ijad006.

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ABSTRACT∞ A controversial approach characterizes international law and policy on children affected by armed conflict: it is much more concerned with child soldiers’ victimization than with their victims’ situation. This approach leads to (1) the prioritization of the former over the child victims of their crimes before judicial and non-judicial mechanisms and (2) a significant disparity in how international law and policy respond to the victimization of war-affected children in the presence of those categorized as ‘child soldiers.’ To narrow this gap, this article explores the potential of defining child soldiers as victims who victimize during trials. It does so by discussing the practice observed in local juvenile courts in the North and South Kivu provinces in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

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Jabłońska-Bonca, Jolanta. "„Wciskanie kitu”(w rozumieniu H.G. Frankfurta) na temat prawa w mediach. Z problematyki komunikacji erystycznej." Krytyka Prawa 13, no. 2 (June 15, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.7206/kp.2080-1084.460.

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Akayezu, Providence, Laban Musinguzi, Vianny Natugonza, Richard Ogutu-Ohwayo, Ken Mwathe, Christopher Dutton, and Marc Manyifika. "Using sediment fingerprinting to identify erosion hotspots in a sub-catchment of Lake Kivu, Rwanda." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 192, no. 12 (December 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-020-08774-5.

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Bužinskienė, Diana, and Tomas Poškus. "Nėščiųjų ir gimdyvių hemorojus: dažnis, rizikos veiksniai, įtaka moterų gyvenimo kokybei, gydymas. Literatūros apžvalga." Lithuanian Obstetrics & Gynecology 23, no. 1 (March 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37499/lag.37.

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Santrauka. Šio straipsnio tikslas – apžvelgti neščiųjų ir gimdyvių išangės patologijos dažnį, rizikos veiksnius, gydymo metodus bei šių ligų įtaką moterų gyvenimo kokybei. Išangės ligos (hemorojus ir išangės įplėša) tiek nėštumo metu, tiek laikotarpiu po gimdymo yra dažna patologija, kuriai vis dar stinga tiek koloproktologų, tiek akušerių-ginekologų dėmesio. Labai svarbu ištirti ir įvertinti šių ligų paplitimą ir rizikos veiksnius, jų ryšį su nėštumo ir gimdymo veiksniais, laiku šias ligas diagnozuoti ir gydyti bei atrasti priemonių, kaip jų išvengti, taip pagerinant moterų gyvenimo kokybę ne tik nėštumo ir gimdymo metu, bet ir laikotarpiu po gimdymo. Metodai. Mokslinės literaturos apžvalga, Europos ir JAV hemorojaus gydymo rekomendacijos. Rezultatai ir išvados. Nėštumo laikotarpiu hemorojaus simptomai atsiranda arba paūmėja iki 40 proc. moterų. Dažniausiai (daugiau nei 90 proc.) pasireiškia hemorojus. Dažniausiai hemorojus atsiranda trečiąjį nėštumo trečdalį ir 1–2 parą po gimdymo. Pagrindiniai hemorojaus rizikosveiksniai: išangės ligos buvusio nėštumo ir gimdymo metu, vidurių užkietejimas nėštumo laikotarpiu, instrumentinis gimdymo būdas (vakuumine vaisiaus ekstrakcija ir replės), pailgejusi stangų laikotarpio trukmė bei stambus naujagimis. Išangės ligos pablogina neščiųjų ir gimdyvių gyvenimo kokybę. Perianalinė trombozė ir vidinis trombuotas (įstrigęs) hemorojus yra dažnos neščiųjų išangės ūminės būklės. Abi ligos pasireiškia gana intensyviu, staiga prasidedančiu skausmu ir priverčia pacientes greitai ieškoti gydytojo pagalbos. Šias pacientes rekomenduojama gydyti konservatyviai, skiriant adekvatų skausmo malšinimą, geriamuosius ir vietiškai vartojamus flavonoidų preparatus. Vienas dažniausiai vartojamų preparatų – tribenosido ir lidokaino derinys. Vaistas vartojamas tiesiosios žarnos kremo Tribenosidum 5 proc./Lidocainum 2 proc. ir žvakuciu Tribenosidum 400 mg/Lidocainum 40 mg pavidalo (http://www.vvkt.lt). Nėštumo laikotarpiu jis gali būti vartojamas nuo 4-ojo nėštumo mėnesio, vaistas neturėtųbūti vartojamas pirmąjį nėštumo trečdalį (http://www.vvkt.lt). Preparatą galima vartoti po gimdymo ir žindymo laikotarpiu (http://www.vvkt.lt). Visais atvejais rekomenduojama dozė negali būti viršyta. Vaistą reikėtų vartoti rytą ir vakare tol, kol ūminiai ligos požymiai išnyks, paprastai 7–10 dienų. Po to dozę galima sumažinti – vartoti vieną kartą per dieną ne ilgiau kaip tris savaites. Greta šio vaisto rekomenduojamos šiltos sėdimos vonelės, kurios, sumažindamos vidinio išangės rauko tonusą, gerina išangės audinių kraujotaką bei mažina skausmą. Išimtiniais perianalinės trombozės atvejais, jeigu mazgas labai didelis, galima atlikti trombektomija, tačiau dauguma chirurgijos vadovų šios intervencijos nerekomenduoja. Taip pat nerekomenduojamos chirurginės intervencijos esant vidiniohemorojaus trombozei, nes tuomet didėja išangės rauku pažeidimo bei išangės stenozės rizika. Nesant ūminiu buklių, neščiųjų hemorojaus (kaip ir daugumos kitu chirurginių ligų) chirurginis gydymas atidedamas po nėštumo ir gimdymo, o dažniausiai – iki laktacijos periodo pabaigos.

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Bahati Shamamba, Dieudonné, Bosco Bashangwa Mpozi, Andrew Ogolla Egesa, and Espoir Bisimwa Basengere. "Adaptation to land scarcity among small-scale farming households in South Kivu in the Democratic Republic of the Congo." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 7 (December 14, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1277031.

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Rural farming households in Sub-Saharan Africa, facing limited land access, engage in land purchase, rental, and other land access practices. However, the highly unregulated land markets expose these farmers to wide-ranging vulnerabilities. In this study, we investigated the land access mechanisms and the related constraints among the small-scale farmers in the densely populated Eastern part of The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). We randomly selected 240 consenting farmers for inclusion in the study and collected data using semi-structured interviews to obtain data on land access characteristics. Then, the data was subjected to descriptive statistics to obtain measures of central tendency and dispersion on the responses and correlation statistics to understand the patterns and relations of factors affecting the land access and strategies used to cope with the limited land situation in the South Kivu province of DRC. Our results showed an insecure land tenure system among smallholder farmers. Most of the farmers in the study purchased and leased land to cope with poor land access and, in so doing, faced high price-related limitations that were unsustainable to these farmers; they also faced highly restrictive leasehold contracts. Given the limited access to financial resources and support, improving regulations of land markets and resource support interventions could promote land access among these smallholder farmers. We conclude that the challenges of land access and the current methods farmers use to obtain additional land among the smallholder farming households in the south Kivu province of DRC are precarious and unsustainable and continue to pose a food insecurity and poverty risk among these farmers. We recommend developing and implementing measures to support resource access by these farmers, such as finance, farmer-focused cooperative societies, and better land policy reforms and tenure systems to improve access to land among these farmers and farmers facing similar scenarios in other parts of sub-Saharan Africa.

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Depicker, Arthur, Liesbet Jacobs, Nicholus Mboga, Benoȋt Smets, Anton Van Rompaey, Moritz Lennert, Eléonore Wolff, et al. "Historical dynamics of landslide risk from population and forest-cover changes in the Kivu Rift." Nature Sustainability, August 19, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00757-9.

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Bacigale, Samy Bashizi, Rodrigue Basengere Ayagirwe, Valence Bwana Mutwedu, Yannick Mugumaarhahama, Janvier Zirhumana Mugisho, Zabron Nziku, Mamadou Fofana, Patchimaporn Udomkun, and Jacob Mignouna. "Assessing milk products quality, safety, and influencing factors along the dairy value chain in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 7 (March 27, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2023.1105515.

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Dairying is one of the new promising economic sectors in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), but still not explored enough to ensure consumers' safety. This study aimed to assess the health risks and nutritional profile of milk products along the value chain in South-Kivu and Tanganyika provinces. A total of 288 milk actors, including 160 producers, 35 collectors and 93 vendors, were concerned for interview and milk samples collection. A total of 302 milk samples (159 raw, 44 pasteurized, 76 fermented and 19 white cheese so-called “Mashanza”) were collected for physicochemical [pH, fat, non-fat dry matter (NFDM), lactose, protein, freezing point, density] and microbiological (total Aerobic Mesophilic Flora, Escherichia coli, Total Coliforms, Fecal Coliforms, Salmonella and Staphylococci) analyses. Results revealed that the physicochemical characteristics of the milk mostly varied according to the type of milk and the regions. The pasteurized milk from Tanganyika presented the best physicochemical parameters [crude protein (CP) = 4.36%, Fat = 4.06%, NFDM = 12%, lactose = 5.4%, density = 1.02 and pH = 6.59] compared to other types of milk. For microbiology, no E. coli was recorded but Salmonella and Staphylococci were found in all the milk types with the values not exceeding 3 × 104 CFU ml−1 and 3 × 103 CFU ml−1, respectively. This implies a long-term consumers' health issue if appropriate measures are not taken by milk actors along the value chain. The microbiological quality was influenced by the ecologies of production axis (representing the production zones) and by handling methods and infrastructures used by the actors involved along the value chain. Factors related to animal husbandry, milking method, milk processing and packaging had no significant effect on the physicochemical parameters under study. These results indicated that health risks for milk consumers are accrued by production practices and handling by milk actors due to shortage of required skills and appropriate equipment along the milk value chain. Observance of hazard analysis critical control point (HACCP) measures is carefully required along the milk value chain nodes to improve the quality of milk produced and sold and thus reduce the risks among consumers in South-Kivu and Tanganyika provinces.

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Marijsse, Simon, and Thierry Munga Mwisha. "Taming air and water: The fight against shimoke in artisanal and small-scale gold mining in South Kivu." Extractive Industries and Society, October 2022, 101168. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exis.2022.101168.

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46

Depicker, Arthur, Liesbet Jacobs, Nicholus Mboga, Benoȋt Smets, Anton Van Rompaey, Moritz Lennert, Eléonore Wolff, et al. "Author Correction: Historical dynamics of landslide risk from population and forest-cover changes in the Kivu Rift." Nature Sustainability, September 22, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00788-2.

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Mushagalusa Balasha, Arsene, Wivine Munyahali, John Tshomba Kulumbu, Augustin Nge Okwe, Jules Nkulu Mwine Fyama, Emery Kasongo Lenge, and Alex Nyumbaiza Tambwe. "Understanding farmers’ perception of climate change and adaptation practices in the marshlands of South Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo." Climate Risk Management, December 2022, 100469. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2022.100469.

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Bisimwa, Arthur Mubwebwe, Fabrice Muvundja Amisi, Célestin Maando Bamawa, Bamba Bukengu Muhaya, and Alidor Busanga Kankonda. "Water quality assessment and pollution source analysis in Bukavu urban rivers of the Lake Kivu basin (Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo)." Environmental and Sustainability Indicators, April 2022, 100183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indic.2022.100183.

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49

Lwamushi, Samuel Makali, Hermès karemere, Robert Banywesize, Christian Molima Eboma, Pacifique Mwene-Batu, Corneille Lembebu, Giovanfrancesco Ferrari, Elisabeth Paul, Ghislain Bisimwa Balaluka, and Philippe Donnen. "Adaptive Mechanisms of Health Zones to Chronic Traumatics Events in Eastern DRC: A Mul-tiple Case Study." International Journal of Health Policy and Management, October 4, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2023.8001.

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Background: The Eastern part of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been affected by armed conflict for several years. Despite the growing interest in the impact of these conflicts on health service utilisation, few studies have addressed the coping mechanisms of the health system. The purpose of this study is to describe the traumatic events and coping mechanisms used by the health zones (HZs) in conflict settings to maintain good performance. Methods: This multiple case study took place from July to October 2022 in four HZs in the South Kivu Province of DRC. HZs were classified into "cases" according to their conflict profile: accessible and stable (Case 1), accessible but remote (Case 2), unstable (Case 3), and intermediate (Case 4). Eight performance indicators and the amount of funding provided to the HZs by non-governmental organizations (NGOs) were recorded. A graph was created to compare their evolution from 2013 to 2018. A thematic analysis of qualitative data from individual interviews with selected health workers was conducted. Results: Both battle-related events (war and its effects) and non-battle-related events (epidemics, disasters, strikes) were recorded according to the case conflict-profile. Although the cases (3 and 4) most affected by armed conflicts occasionally performed better than the stable ones (1 and 2), their operational action plan was poorly carried out. The coping mechanisms developed in cases 3 and 4 were the deployment of military nurses in preventive and supervisory activities, the solicitations of subsidies from NGOs, the relocation of health care facilities and the implementation of negotiation strategies with the belligerents. Conclusion: Armed conflict results in traumatic events that disrupt the execution of the operational action plan of HZs. The HZs’ management team expertise, its strong leadership, and substantial financial support would enable this system to develop reliable and sustainable adaptive mechanisms.

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Mashe, Tapfumanei, Gaetan Thilliez, Blessmore V. Chaibva, Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon, Matt Bawn, Moses Nyanzunda, Valerie Robertson, et al. "Highly drug resistant clone of Salmonella Kentucky ST198 in clinical infections and poultry in Zimbabwe." npj Antimicrobials and Resistance 1, no. 1 (June 16, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s44259-023-00003-6.

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AbstractA highly multidrug-resistant strain of Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky (S. Kentucky) of sequence type (ST)198 emerged in North Africa and has since spread widely. To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationship of S. Kentucky in Zimbabwe and identify potential sources of infection, the whole-genome sequence of 37 S. Kentucky strains isolated from human clinical infections and from poultry farms between 2017 and 2020 was determined. Of 37 S. Kentucky isolates, 36 were ST198 and one was ST152. All ST198 isolates had between six and fifteen antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, and 92% carried at least ten AMRs. All ST198 isolates harbored the Salmonella genomic island K-Israel variant (SGI1-KIV) integrated into the chromosome with aac(3)-ld, aac(6)-laa, aadA7, blaTEM-1, sul1, and tetA genes, with occasional sporadic loss of one or more genes noted from five isolates. All ST198 isolates also had mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA and parC genes. The blaCTX-M-14.1 and fosA3 genes were present in 92% of the ST198 isolates, conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and fosfomycin, respectively, were present on an IncHI2 plasmid with the aadA2b, aadA1, aph(3’)-Ib, aph(6’)-Id, cmlA1 and sul3 AMR genes. S. Kentucky ST198 isolates from Zimbabwe formed a closely related phylogenetic clade that emerged from a previously reported global epidemic population. The close genetic relationship and population structure of the human clinical and poultry isolates of ST198 in Zimbabwe are consistent with poultry being an important source of highly resistant strains of S. Kentucky in Zimbabwe.