Дисертації з теми "Kinetic of combustion"
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Marsano, Flavio. "Chemical kinetic modelling of hydrocarbon combustion." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.402067.
Повний текст джерелаMartins, Ivana. "Redução sistemática de mecanismos cinéticos de combustão." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/35625.
Повний текст джерелаDetailed chemical kinetic mechanisms are routinely used to describe, at the molecular level, the transformation of reactants to products of combustion, which occurs via many elementary steps. Its use in computer models to simulate combustion processes can generate information to improve the fuel quality and performance of the combustion process, and to quantify the emissions from this process. Thus, to describe a process of oxidation, the computational effort becomes very large, requiring simplifications of the reaction mechanism. The development of reduced kinetic mechanisms for combustion processes aims to reduce the computational effort necessary for the numerical analysis. The reduced models can replace the differential equations of the intermediate species, which are considered to be in steady state, through algebraic relationships. In this way, this work develops a method for reducing the kinetics of combustion for hydrogen, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons C1-C7, using assumptions of steady-state. A detailed kinetic mechanism containing 439 elementary reactions was analysed and reduced mechanisms with up to 10 steps were developed. Comparisons between experiment and simulations for the reduced kinetic mechanism of methane and propane, show good agreement, validating these mechanisms, and consequently, increasing the reliability of the others mechanisms studied.
Honnet, Sylvie. "Detailed and reduced kinetic mechanisms in low-emission combustion processes /." Göttingen : Cuvillier, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98605528X/04.
Повний текст джерелаZANONI, M. A. B. "Smoldering Combustion In Porous Media Kinetic Models For Numerical Simulations." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/4161.
Повний текст джерелаTecnologias avançadas para a geração de energia usando combustíveis não convencionais xisto betuminoso e seu semi-coque, areias betuminosas, petróleo extra-pesado e biomassa proveniente de resíduos sólidos urbanos e de lodo de esgoto - têm em comum processos termoquímicos compostos de complexas reações químicas. Este trabalho trata da formulação e otimização de mecanismos químicos normalmente envolvidos na pirólise do xisto betuminoso e na combustão do xisto betuminoso e seu semi-coque. Problemas inversos (usando o algoritmo de Levenberg-Marquardt) foram empregados para minimizar o erro entre os valores estimados e os dados de termogravimétria para os mecanismos de reação de 3 passos para a pirólise do xisto betuminos, e mecanismos de 4 e 3 passos para o xisto betuminoso e seu semi-coque, respectivamente. Os parâmetros cinéticos, tais como ordem de reação, fator pré-exponencial, energia de ativação e os coeficientes estequiométricos que afetam a secagem, as reações de oxidação, pirólise e descarbonatação foram estimadas com sucesso. Além disso, os erros estatísticos e residuais foram avaliados, resultando em um valor razoável para todas as estimativas e o mecanismo cinético proposto e estimado para a combustão do semi-coque foi aplicado em um código em meios porosos. Um estudo paramétrico entre o perfil de temperatura e a velocidade do ar, e o perfil de temperatura e a concentração de carbono fixo foi desenvolvido. Este estudo mostra que o perfil de temperatura é extremamente influenciado por estes parâmetros, confirmando que a propagação da frente é controlada pela injeção de O2. Palavras-chave: Xisto Betuminoso, Semi-Coque, Pirólise, Combustão, Estimação de Parâmetros, Problemas Inversos, Levenberg-Marquardt, Meios Porosos.
Leung, Kai Ming. "Kinetic modelling of hydrocarbon flames using detailed and systematically reduced chemistry." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7760.
Повний текст джерелаFürst, Magnus. "Uncertainty Quantification and Optimization of kinetic mechanisms for non-conventional combustion regimes: Turning uncertainties into possibilities." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/307514/5/contratMF.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur et technologie
This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 643134, and from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 714605.
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Qureshi, Nafisa. "A kinetic study of Maya crude oil for in-situ combustion." Thesis, University of Salford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.484213.
Повний текст джерелаSOUZA, OBERDAN MIGUEL RODRIGUES DE. "PRESUMED PDF MODEL WITH TABULATED CHEMICAL KINETIC APPLIED FOR SPRAY COMBUSTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30283@1.
Повний текст джерелаCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE EXCELENCIA ACADEMICA
Neste trabalho, foi desenvolvida uma modificação do modelo para simulação de sprays Diesel com o método de PDF presumida e cinética química tabulada. Através do acoplamento entre a parte química e a parte turbulenta, avaliou-se os efeitos do spray com a metodologia flamelet. Onde o conceito flamelet trata a chama difusiva e transiente como um conjunto de chamas unidimensionais, utilizando o modelo de PDF presumida para a avaliação dos valores turbulentos. A validação do modelo foi realizada com dados experimentais do laboratório Sandia, em uma câmara a volume constante. A validação e a aplicação do modelo foram conduzidas em diferentes tipos de ensaios experimentais: avaliação e comparação para diferentes modelos de cinética química do n-heptano, validação do método para o modelo de turbulência K-epsilon na câmara de volume constante do Sandia para o n-heptano não reativo, validação e comparação do modelo para o spray reativo e aplicação de modelo para o estudo comprimento do ancoramento de chama e para o tempo de atraso de ignição do n-heptano para diferentes temperaturas ambientes. Em geral, a modelagem proposta tem demonstrado excelente capacidade de previsão para a combustão com spray Diesel numa vasta gama de aplicações e é um candidato altamente promissor para outras aplicações em motores Diesel.
In this work, a modification of the model for the simulation of diesel sprays with the presumed PDF method and tabulated chemical kinetics was developed. Through the coupling between the chemical part and the turbulent part, the effects of the spray were evaluated for the flamelet methodology. Where the textit flamelet concept treats the diffusive and transient flame as a set of one-dimensional flames, using the presumed PDF model for the evaluation of turbulent values. The validation of the model was performed with experimental data from the Sandia laboratory, in a chamber at constant volume. The validation and application of the model were conducted in different types of experimental trials: evaluation and comparison for different chemical kinetics models of n-heptane, validation of the method for the turbulence model K-epsilon in the constant volume chamber of the Sandia for non-reactive n-heptane, validation and comparison of the model for the reactive spray and model application for the study of the flame anchoring length and for the ignition delay time of n-heptane at different ambient temperatures. In general, the proposed modeling has demonstrated excellent predictive capacity for diesel spray combustion in a wide range of applications and is a highly promising candidate for other applications in diesel engines.
Khan, Mohammad A. "Thermochemical kinetic studies of organic peroxides relevant to the combustion of hydrocarbons." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.290241.
Повний текст джерелаPhadungsukanan, Weerapong. "Building a computational chemistry database system for the kinetic studies in combustion." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648233.
Повний текст джерелаUddi, Mruthunjaya. "Non-Equilibrium Kinetic Studies Of Repetitively Pulsed Nanosecond Discharge Plasma Assisted Combustion." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1220625444.
Повний текст джерелаFry, Matthew Ryan. "Development of a generalised kinetic model for the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5333.
Повний текст джерелаIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 73-76).
The aim of this work is to find a generalised model for the combustion of hydrocarbons. Predicted temperature-time profiles can be obtained from detailed combustion kinetics, which can be used to derive a generalised model. If the generalised model can predict results from the detailed model it can be applied in computational fluid dynamics code where detailed kinetic mechanisms cannot.A generalised kinetic model is proposed, adapting the Schreiber model (Schreiber et al., 1994) to accurately predict the combustion behaviour of hydrocarbon fuels. The combustion behaviour is described through the characteristics of the temperature-time profiles and the ignition delay diagram, which include two stage ignition and the negative temperature co-efficient region. The Schreiber model is specifically adapted to improve the description of the very low temperature rise before and between ignitions and the auto-catalytic temperature rises during ignition. Using a Genetic Algorithm to optimise the prediction of the proposed model, the pre-exponent factor Ai and the activation energy Eai are the adjustable parameters which are optimised for each reaction in the model. These parameters have been optimised for three fuels: i-octane, n-heptane and methanol. The ignition delays of the pure fuels were accurately predicted. The temperature-time profiles in the instances of two stage ignition are relatively inaccurate. The temperature profiles are however an improvement on the temperature profiles predicted by the Schreiber model, particularly in terms of the slow temperature rise during the ignition delay andthe sharp temperature rise during ignition. The combustion of the binary blends of the three fuels have been predicted using model parameters which are found using the rate constants of each fuel, the blends composition and binary interaction rules. The binary interaction parameters were also optimised using a Genetic Algorithm. The binary interaction rules are based on the Peng-Robinson mixing rules. Overall the ignition delays of binary fuel blends were accurately predicted using binary interactions. However, when modelling the blends between methanol and n-heptane, where one fuel has extreme NTC behaviour and the other fuel has no NTC behaviour, the predictions were less accurate. These binary interaction rules are then used to model ternary mixtures. It is shown that the combustion behaviour of ternary mixtures of the three fuels can be accurately predicted without any further regression or parameter fitting. The accuracy of the ternary prediction is dependent on the accuracy of the binary predictions.
Vidal, Vargas Janeth Alina 1983. "Cinética de combustão de óleo pesado por calorimetria de taxa acelerada." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265511.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica e Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: O processo de combustão in situ (CIS) é um método térmico de recuperação melhorada que gera calor no reservatório, diminuindo a viscosidade e aumentando a mobilidade do óleo, pela combustão de uma parte do óleo in place. A frente de combustão é mantida pela injeção continua de ar enriquecido com oxigênio. O processo CIS depende basicamente das reações químicas de combustão que acontecem quando o óleo está em contato com o ar injetado. Portanto, o sucesso do processo CIS é determinado pelo conhecimento e compreensão do comportamento cinético destas reações. O objetivo deste trabalho é determinar os parâmetros cinéticos da reação de combustão de um óleo pesado brasileiro, através da realização de ensaios experimentais usando um calorímetro de taxa acelerada (ARC) com fluxo (sistema aberto). Os testes foram feitos com 2 g de amostra de óleo de 12°API, 20,4 atm (290 psi) de pressão, injeção continua de ar com fluxo de 40-60 ml/min e as amostras foram aquecidas até 550°C. Também se realizaram testes com misturas de óleo e areia, óleo e argila e óleo/areia/argila para simular melhor o comportamento das reações no reservatório. A temperatura de autoignição foi de 290°C para o óleo. Quando areia ou argila foram misturadas ao óleo na proporção 25/75, a temperatura de autoignição se reduziu a 170°C. Identificou-se a presença das reações OBT (oxidação de baixa temperatura) num intervalo de temperatura de 170 a 300 °C, as OMT (oxidação de media temperatura) entre 300 e 420°C e as OAT (oxidação de alta temperatura) de 420°a 550°C aproximadamente. Todos os testes apresentam uma zona de transição em 320°C. Também foram realizados testes com asfalteno/argila e malteno/argila na proporção 25/75, para os quais se identificaram temperaturas de autoignição de 180 e 170 °C respectivamente. A energia de ativação para a maioria das reações é da ordem de grandeza de 105[J/mol], e a ordem da reação entre 0 e 1
Abstract: In situ combustion (ISC) is a thermal method of enhanced recovery that generates heat in the reservoir, to reduce viscosity and increase the mobility of the oil, after the combustion of a portion of the oil in place. The combustion front is maintained by the continuous injection of air enriched with oxygen. ISC depends basically on the chemical reactions of combustion that happen when the oil is in contact with the injected air. Therefore the success of ISC relies on the knowledge and understanding of the kinetic behavior of these reactions. The objective of this project is to determine the kinetic parameters of the combustion reaction of Brazilian heavy oil through accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) with flow (open system). The tests were made with 2 g of oil samples of a 12°API oil, at 20 bar pressure, continuous air injection at 40-60 ml/min flow rate and the samples heated up to 550°C. Tests were also carried out with mixtures of oil and sand, oil and clay and oil/sand/clay to better simulate the behavior of the reactions in the reservoir. The auto ignition temperature was of 290°C for the oil. When sand or clay had been mixed to the oil at a 1/3 ratio, the auto ignition temperature is reduced to 170°C. Presence of LTO (low-temp oxidation) reactions was identified in the temperature range of 170 to 300 °C, MTO (medium temperature oxidation) reactions in 300 to 420°C and the HTO (high temperature oxidation) reactions in 420° to 550°C approximately. All tests presented a transition zone at 320°C. Additional tests were carried with mixtures of asphaltene/clay and maltene/clay at a 1/3 ratio, for which auto ignition temperatures were identified at 170 and 180°C, respectively. The energy of activation for the majority of the reactions was the order of 105 [J/mol], and the order of the reaction between 0 and 1
Mestrado
Reservatórios e Gestão
Mestre em Ciências e Engenharia de Petróleo
Navarrete, Cereijo Germán 1988. "Modelagem simplificada e simulação da combustão de uma partícula de biomassa suspensa em escoamento unidimensional." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/265868.
Повний текст джерелаDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: Este trabalho objetivou o desenvolvimento de um modelo simples para a simulação numérica da combustão de uma partícula pequena de bagaço numa fornalha industrial. Com este fim foi feito um estudo das principais etapas na combustão de uma partícula de biomassa: secagem, devolatili- zação, gaseificação e combustão do carvão. Destaca-se os modelos cinéticos para cada etapa e os mecanismos de transferência de calor por radiação em gases e de massa por convecção. Também foi modelada a trajetória vertical da partícula baseando-se nas forças de empuxo, peso e a força de arrasto com o objetivo de desenvolver uma ferramenta para determinar quais partículas são quei- madas em suspensão, quais são queimadas na grelha e quais são arrastradas pelo escoamento de gases. Para a simulação foi desenvolvido um programa em Fortran 90 onde a resolução numérica das equações diferenciais governantes é feita utilizando o método de Runge-Kutta de quarta ordem. As equações governantes para as taxas de consumo da biomassa são determinadas a partir da cinética das reações e do transporte de massa por convecção. A devolatilização é modelada como uma pi- rólise cujo mecanismo de reação é modelado por uma equação cinética de primeira ordem baseada nos parâmetros de Arrhenius. A taxa de consumo de carvão é determinada por duas equações ciné- ticas de primeira ordem baseadas nos parâmetros de Arrhenius que representam a oxidação direta do carbono e a gaseificação do carbono utilizando como reagente o dióxido de carbono. As equa- ções governantes para a temperatura da partícula são determinadas a partir dos balanços de energia para cada etapa. A validação do modelo foi feita em base a outros modelos apresentados na literatura para par- tículas menores a 1 mm obtendo-se resultados consistentes. Nos resultados apresentam-se gráficos de massa, raio, composição e temperatura da partícula, fração molar de oxigênio na superfície da partícula, taxa de consumo da biomassa, e raio do frente de chama em função do tempo tanto para partículas esféricas como cilíndricas. Também apresentam-se gráficas da trajetória e velocidade da partícula variando a forma e tamanho desta e a velocidade do escoamento dos gases dentro da fornalha
Abstract: The aim of this work is to develop a simple model for the numerical simulation of the com- bustion of a small particle of bagasse in an industrial furnace. To this end a study of the main stages of the biomass particle combustion was carried out. Thats stages are: drying, devolatiliza- tion, char gasification and char combustion. Kinetics models for each stage and the mechanisms of heat transfer by radiation in gases and convective mass models are presented in details. Also, the vertical trajectory of the particle was modeled based on buoyant force, weight and drag force in order to develop a tool for determine which particles are burned in suspension, which are burned on the grate and which are dragged by the gas flow. It was developed a program in Fortran 90 where the numerical solution of the governing diffe- rential equations is done using a fourth order Runge-Kutta. The governing equations for the bio- mass consumption rates are determined by kinetics equations and convection mass transport. The devolatilization is modeled as a pyrolysis which reaction mechanism is modeled by a first order kinetic equation based on the Arrhenius parameters. The rate of coal consumption is determined by two first-order kinetics equations based on the Arrhenius parameters that represent the direct char oxidation and char gasification using as reagent carbon dioxide. The governing equations for the particle temperature are determined from the energy balance for each stage. Model validation is carried out by comparing the predictions with other models taken from the literature for particles smaller than 1 mm giving consistent results. The results are presented plotting the following variables as a function of time: particle mass, raio, composition and tempe- rature, oxygen concentration on the particle surface, consumption rate of biomass and flame front raio for both spherical and cylindrical particle. Also, graphics of the particle speed and trajectory are presented, varying particle¿s shape and size and gas flow velocity of gases inside the furnace
Mestrado
Termica e Fluidos
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
Håkansson, David. "Aerothermal and Kinetic Modelling of a Gas Turbine Dry Low Emission Combustion System." Thesis, KTH, Strömningsmekanik och Teknisk Akustik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-298477.
Повний текст джерелаEn växande medvetenhet kring klimatfrågan, har medfört stora förändringar i energibranschen. I och med detta behöver även gasturbinindustrin förbättra de nuvarande dry-low emissions systemen och göra det möjligt för gasturbiner att förbränna gröna bränslen som väte. Samtidigt måste också utsläppen av NOx hållas nere. För att kunna utforma dessa system behövs en fullständig förståelse för de aerotermiska och kinetiska processerna i en gasturbins förbränningskammare. Målet med detta examensarbete var att utveckla en endimensionell generell nätverksmodell för förbränningssystemet i Siemens Energys SGT-700. Modellen skulle noggrant kunna förutsäga tryckförluster, massflöden, viktiga temperaturer samt utsläpp. Tre modeller utvärderades och en kod som emulerade vissa aspekter av styrsystemet utvecklades också. Modellerna och koden utvärderades och jämfördes mot varandra och även mot testdata från tidigare testserier som utfördes på SGT-700 och SGT-600. Simuleringar utfördes också med väte som bränsle. Slutligen levererades en modell av SGT-700 förbränningskammaren till Siemens Energy. Modellen har verifierats för en rad olika lastfall, mot testdata och data som genererats av andra termodynamisk beräkningsprogram som utvecklats av Siemens Energy. Hur modellen uppförde sig när väte var introducerat in i olika lastfall jämfördes också mot testdata
Benezech, Laurent Jean-Michel Dimotakis Paul E. "Premixed hydrocarbon stagnation flames : experiments and simulations to validate combustion chemical-kinetic models /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2008. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05302008-113043.
Повний текст джерелаGonzalez, Calderon Juan David. "Molecular and Kinetic Modelling of the Ammonia Oxidation on Platinum." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/17683.
Повний текст джерелаJohansson, Åsa. "Laser diagnostic and kinetic modelling of reaction intermediate in catalytic combustion : thesis for the degree of doctor of phylosophy /." Göteborg : Chalmers university of technology, Göteborg university, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39297274m.
Повний текст джерелаDavidson, Jeffrey E. "Combustion Modeling of RDX, HMX and GAP with Detailed Kinetics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 1996. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6531.
Повний текст джерелаKazi, Rafiq Akhtar. "A high pressure kinetic study of the in-situ combustion process for oil recovery." Thesis, University of Salford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261611.
Повний текст джерелаBongartz, Dominik. "Chemical kinetic modeling of oxy-fuel combustion of sour gas for enhanced oil recovery." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/92224.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 135-147).
Oxy-fuel combustion of sour gas, a mixture of natural gas (primarily methane (CH 4 )), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S), could enable the utilization of large natural gas resources, especially when combined with enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Chemical kinetic modeling can help to assess the potential of this approach. In this thesis, a detailed chemical reaction mechanism for oxy-fuel combustion of sour gas has been developed and applied for studying the combustion behavior of sour gas and the design of power cycles with EOR. The reaction mechanism was constructed by combining mechanisms for the oxidation of CH4 and H2S and optimizing the sulfur sub-mechanism. The optimized mechanism was validated against experimental data for oxy-fuel combustion of CH4, oxidation of H2S, and interaction between carbon and sulfur species. Improved overall performance was achieved through the optimization and all important trends were captured in the modeling results. Calculations with the optimized mechanism suggest that increasing H2 S content in the fuel tends to improve flame stability through a lower ignition delay time. Water diluted oxy-fuel combustion leads to higher burning velocities at elevated pressures than CO 2 dilution or air combustion, which also facilitates flame stabilization. In a mixed CH4 and H2S flame, H25 is oxidized completely as CH4 is converted to carbon monoxide (CO). During CO burnout, some highly corrosive sulfur trioxide (SO3 ) is formed. Quenching of SO 3 formation in the combustor can only be achieved at the expense of higher CO emissions. The modeling of a gas turbine cycle showed that oxy-fuel combustion leads to SO 3 concentrations that are one to two orders of magnitude lower than in air combustion and will thus suffer much less from the associated corrosion problems. Slightly fuel-rich operation is most promising for achieving the low CO and oxygen (02) concentrations required for EOR while further minimizing SO 3. Carbon dioxide dilution is better for achiving low 02 in the EOR stream while H20 gives the better combustion efficiency.
by Dominik Bongartz.
S.M.
Eftekharzadeh, Nooshin 1965. "Simplified kinetic models describing the fate of coal nitrogen under fuel-rich combustion conditions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/278453.
Повний текст джерелаZimmer, Leonardo. "Modelagem da combustão de carvão em um forno de queda livre." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/61397.
Повний текст джерелаThe study of kinetic parameters for coal combustion occurs through use of laboratory equipment such as drop tube furnace (DTF). The present work shows the development and analysis of a one-dimensional numerical model of a DTF. The modeling is developed from literature works, and the discrete equations that characterize the flow, heat transfer and coal combustion are programmed in FORTRAN 90 language. The results are compared with a reference model and experimental data, and showed good agreement. A sensitivity study is performed to understand the behavior of coal combustion due to changes of some working parameters of the DTF. The sensitivity analysis showed the versatility of the model and thereby the experiment. From the variation of the O2 concentration, operating temperature and input flow rates a range of results can be obtained. Using the model presented here together with experimental results leads to a detailed study of the kinetic parameters of coal combustion.
Liu, Zhouyang. "Heterogeneous Catalytic Elemental Mercury Oxidation in Coal Combustion Flue Gas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1512045805884364.
Повний текст джерелаZhang, Xiaoxiang. "Numerical Study on Combustion Features of Gasified Biomass Gas." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-166252.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20150511
Balme, Quentin. "Etude paramétrique et optimisation d'un processus de combustion de charges organiques." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAI091/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe LPTI / CEA (Innovative Thermal Processes Laboratory) is developing a process for the incineration-vitrification of radioactive waste. The first step consists in the elimination of the organic charge (polymer) by incineration of the waste suspended in an oven. The objective of the work presented in this document is to study the operating parameters likely to modify the rate of degradation of the polymers, in order to optimize the incineration step.In this study, the degradation rate is measured by the mass loss of the compounds. A macro-thermobalance allowing to work with masses of polymer (polyethylene and neoprene) going from 5g to 65g was developed in order to carry out the parametric studies (mass of sample, temperature of the furnace, percentage of oxygen in gas, type of container) needed to evaluate the degradation rates of polyethylene and neoprene. These studies will then be extended to evaluate the kinetics of combustion of complex organic systems confined in different vectors.In parallel, two models were developped. The first describes the gas phase by CFD and the polymer by a "0D" model considering the homogeneous temperature in the sample, and the second is describing the two phases by CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic). The objective of these models, solved in transient mode, is to calculate the rate of degradation of the polyethylene during its combustion in the macro-thermobalance to describe the behavior observed experimentally.Experimental and modeling results show the importance of flame position and heat transfer in the polymer on its rate of degradation. For the neoprene whose degradation produces carboneous residues (char), it is shown experimentally that the stage of oxidation of the char is, at the study temperatures (> 600 ° C), limited by the transfer of oxygen in the solid residues
Nicol, David Gardner. "A chemical kinetic and numerical study of NOx and pollutant formation in low-emission combustion /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7033.
Повний текст джерелаZizin, Anton [Verfasser], and Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Riedel. "Development of a reduced chemical-kinetic combustion model for practical fuels / Anton Zizin. Betreuer: Uwe Riedel." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2014. http://d-nb.info/104804789X/34.
Повний текст джерелаLockett, R. D. "C.A.R.S. temperature measurements and chemical kinetic modelling of autoignition in a methanol-fuelled internal combustion engine." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17388.
Повний текст джерелаThe temperature inside the cylinder of a methanol-fuelled single-cylinder Ricardo E6 research engine running under knocking conditions, is measured by means of Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Spectroscopy (CARS), and the pressure is measured with a pressure transducer. In order to obviate any errors arising from deficiencies in the spectral scaling laws which are commonly used to represent nitrogen Q-branch spectra at high pressure, a purely experimental technique is employed to derive temperatures from CARS spectra by cross-correlation with a reference library of spectra recorded in an accurately calibrated high-pressure high-temperature optical cell. The temperature and pressure profiles obtained from the engine running under knocking conditions, are then used as input data for chemical kinetic modelling of end-gas autoignition. Five published mechanisms (Grotheer et al 1992, Grotheer and Kelm 1989, Norton and Dryer 1989, Dove and Warnatz 1983, .and Esser and Warnatz 1987) are used in the autoignition study, and the results for the different mechanisms are compared. A good qualitative understanding of the mechanism underlying end-gas autoignition in the engine is obtained, although the calculated autoignition points occur slightly earlier than the observed point. A sensitivity analysis of the methanol autoignition system is undertaken, and the importance of the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the hydroperoxyl chemistry is demonstrated. The discrepancies between the predicted results of the different mechanisms is shown to be caused by a small number of sensitive reactions for which there are conflicting data. Finally, a linear mode analysis from the geometric qualitative theory of differential equations is performed on the non-linear chemical rate equations. The equilibrium points in the generalised phase space of the non-linear chemical system are shown to be defined in terms of three regions. The equilibrium points are unstable improper nodes in the first region (T < ll00K), unstable focii in the second region ( 1100K
Rana, Shazadi. "Pressurized Chemical Looping Combustion of Natural Gas with Ilmenite for SAGD Application: An Oxidation Kinetic Study and Preliminary Air Reactor Model." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/37653.
Повний текст джерелаUrban, David Raymond. "A kinetic investigation of As and Se speciation within coal combustion flue gases using ab initio methods." Link to electronic thesis, 2006. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-042806-133423/.
Повний текст джерелаKONOPKA, THIAGO FABRICIUS. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DETAILED CHEMICAL KINETIC MODELS OF SOOT PRECURSORS FOR ETHYLENE/AIR AND METHANE/AIR COMBUSTION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=23399@1.
Повний текст джерелаEssa dissertação apresenta um estudo comparativo de quatro diferentes modelos de cinética química detalhada que envolvem as principais espécies químicas responsáveis pelo processo de formação e oxidação da fuligem, i.e., o oxigênio molecular, o radical hidroxila, o acetileno, o propargil, benzeno, fenil e pireno. Para este fim, considera-se a combustão de misturas de etileno/ar e metao/ar. Para analisar os modelos cinéticos são utilizados um reator perfeitamente misturado (PSR) e um reator parcialmente misturado (PaSR). No caso do reator perfeitamente misturado, um estudo sistemático da influência do tempo de residência e a riqueza da mistura sobre estas espécies químicas é apresentado. São discutidas as importantes discrepâncias obtidas, para o acetileno, o propargil, o benzeno, o fenil e o pireno, entre os modelos cinéticos analisados. As espécies oxidantes exibem menores discrepâncias dentre todas as espécies analisadas. No caso do reator parcialmente misturado, a razão entre o tempo de residência e o tempo de mistura é o parâmetro de análise. De modo geral, os resultados obtidos permitem avaliar o comportamento dos mecanismos cinéticos em uma situação representativa de combustão em escoamentos turbulentos.
In this dissertation a comparative study is presented of four different detailed kinetics models involving the main chemical species responsible for the soot formation and oxidation, i.e., the molecular oxygen, the hydroxyl, the acetylene, the propargyl, the benzene and the pyrene. To this purpose is considered the combustion of ethylene/air and metane/air. To analyze the kinetic models are used a perfect stirred reactor (PSR) and a partial stirred reactor (PaSR). In the case of a perfect stirred reactor a systematic study of the influence of the residence time and of the equivalence ratio on these chemical species is presented. Are discussed the important discrepancies obtained for acetylene, propargyl, benzene, phenyl and pyrene, between the kinetic models analyzed. The oxidizing species exhibit minor discrepancies only. In the case of the partially mixed reactor, the ratio between the residence time and the mixing time is the analysis parameter. Overall, the results obtained allow to evaluate the behavior of the kinetic mechanisms in situations representative of combustion in turbulent flows.
Agbro, Edirin Bruno. "Experimental and chemical kinetic modelling study on the combustion of alternative fuels in fundamental systems and practical engines." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17980/.
Повний текст джерелаLiu, Kun. "Thermodynamic and Kinetic Study of Carbon Dioxide and Mercury Removal from Flue Gas in Coal Combustion Power Plants." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1352402585.
Повний текст джерелаPICCINELLI, ELSA. "Environmental impact of industrial plants combustion processes: kinetic and formation/destruction mechanisms of PolichlorinatedDibenzo-p-Dioxins and PolichlorinatedDibenzoFurans." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/10060.
Повний текст джерелаHrbáček, Jan. "Proudění směsi ve spalovacím prostoru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-377465.
Повний текст джерелаMorin, Mathieu. "Gazéification de la biomasse en double lit fluidisé circulant : étude des réactions élémentaires de gazéification et de combustion du char et de reformage des goudrons." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017INPT0089/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe thermochemical conversion of biomass at high temperature (>700°C) in Fast Internally Circulating Fluidized Bed (FICFB) is a promising alternative route to fossil fuels (oil, coal) to produce syngas which can be used in several applications. The aim of the present work is to develop methodologies as well as theoretical and experimental tools for determining the intrinsic kinetic of biomass transformations (biomass pyrolysis, char gasification and combustion, cracking and reforming of tars). Firstly, a fluidized bed reactor has been designed and built at the Laboratory of Chemical Engineering (LGC). This reactor can operate for temperatures between 20 and 1000°C with a well-defined gas supply (N2, O2, H2, H2O and tars). A sampling and analysis gas system enables the continuous quantification of the non-condensable gases and tars molar fractions. A hydrodynamic and thermal study enabled the determination of the operating conditions for each experimental study. Secondly, the char gasification and combustion was performed in the fluidized bed reactor. The influence of the operating conditions (temperature and compounds partial pressure) led to the modelling of the different solid transformation kinetics. Besides, in the case of char combustion, a reaction scheme was proposed and the kinetic obtained in the fluidized bed was compared to that obtained in a thermogravimetric analyzer. Finally, a study on the tar reforming in a fluidized bed reactor highlighted the effect of the reactive atmosphere on the reaction scheme of toluene conversion over olivine and char
Sirjean, Baptiste. "Étude cinétique de réactions de pyrolyse et de combustion d'hydrocarbures cycliques par les approches de chimie quantique." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL093N/document.
Повний текст джерелаPetroleum fuels are the world’s most important primary energy source and the need to maintain their supply is a major actual challenge involving both economical and environmental features. Decreasing fuels consumption is one of the more efficient ways to reconcile the goals of energy price and environmental protection. Numerical simulations become therefore a very important tool to optimize fuels and motors. Detailed chemical kinetic models are required to reproduce the reactivity of fuels and to characterize the amount of emitted pollutants. Such models imply a very large number of chemical species and elementary reactions, for a given species, and the determination of thermodynamic and kinetic data is a critical problem. Nowadays, quantum chemistry methods are able to calculate accurately thermodynamic data for a large number of chemical systems and to elucidate the reactivity of these systems. In this work we have used quantum chemistry to study the unimolecular reactions (initiation, molecular reactions, ß-scissions, cyclic ethers formations) involved in the decomposition of monocyclic and polycyclic hydrocarbons. From the results of quantum chemical calculations, a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism of the pyrolysis of a polycyclic alkane has been developed and validated against experimental data
Michelon, Nicola. "Modelling and experimental investigation of microkinetic in heterogeneous catalysis: hydrogen combustion and production." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424703.
Повний текст джерелаQuesta tesi investiga sia la combustion che la produzione di idrogeno, con particolare attenzione verso aspetti fondamentali della ossidazione catalizzata da platino e la reazione di steam reforming del metano su catalizzatori a base di nickel. Per quanto riguarda il primo aspetto, siamo partiti dall’osservare ed approfondire discrepanze sulla struttura e sui risultati di modelli cinetici di reazioni superficiali presenti in Letteratura, per la reazione di H2 e O2 su Pt. I confronti quantitativi sono stati fatti utilizzando un Modello di reattore chiuso ben mescolato con le superfici interne catalitiche. Le differenze nelle perizie dei diversi modelli sembrano discendere da differenze nei dati sperimentali su cui sono stati calibrati. Il fatto che se non state utilizzate diverse configurazioni sperimentali, e probabilmente strutture delle superfici di Pt , ci ha stimolato a intraprendere una campagna sperimentale per ottenere dati propri, utilizzando superfici di platino planari in opportuni reattori. Un nuovo reattore di laboratorio, a flusso stagnante, per indagare reazioni su Pt in forma di dischi e stato progettato sulla base di una` modellazione dettagliata e realizzato in laboratorio. I risultati sperimentali hanno dimostrato che l’attivita del Pt può variare enormemente. Pretrattamenti con H2 o O2 Hanno chiarito il meccanismo della competizione per siti superficiali e la possibilita di ristrutturazione la superficie. Sono state misurate trasformazioni di lunga durata, soprattutto dopo pretrattamenti con O2, che non trova una spiegazione in nessuno dei modelli cineticidettagliati di letteratura. Mediante misure in rampa di temperatura si e studiato` l’innesco di miscele povere di H2 in aria. Il confronto con dati di letteratura suggerisce una plausibile interpretazione della discrepanza dei dati riportati. Successivamente simulazioni transitorie della combustione di idrogeno in canali rivestiti di platino e stato utilizzato per valutare il comportamento della`reazione eterogenea con e senza reazione omogenea. L’effetto delle proprieta`del supporto del catalizzatore sono stati confrontati, considerando leghe Fe-Cre cordierite. Le implicazioni pratiche per l’operativita di questi reattori sono state`delineate. Per quanto riguarda la produzione di idrogeno abbiamo studiato sia dal punto di vista teorico che sperimentale la reazione di reforming di gas naturale mediante7 vapore. Abbiamo identificato intervalli significativi da un punto di vista industriale per le variabili operative, per studiare la cinetica dei catalizzatori. Abbiamo progettato un reattore di laboratorio mediante regole di scala rispetto a un impianto modello industriale di riferimento, con l’obiettivo di studiare la reazione a pressioni elevate (10bars). Abbiamo confrontato tre catalizzatori basati su Nickel con formulazioni diverse, modificando rapporto vapore/carbonio in alimentazione, per avvicinarsi alle condizioni stechiometriche. Si sono raccolti numerosi ,dati sia di attivita cataliticha che di formazione di carbone, utili per uno sviluppo di modelli` cinetici dettagliati della reazione superficiale.
Gul, Kiymet Gizem. "Thermal Characterization And Kinetic Analyis Of Sara Fractions Of Crude Oils By Tga And Dsc Methods." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613614/index.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаC/min) under air atmosphere. Same gas flow rate and same pressure were applied to all samples. The aim is to determine the kinetic analysis and combustion behavior of crude oils and their fractions and also determining the effect of heating rate on all samples. For all samples two main reaction regions were observed in thermogravimetry (TG), differential thermogravimetry (DTG) and DSC curves due to the oxidative degradation of crude oil components. It was deduced that the free moisture, volatile hydrocarbons were evaporated from the crude oils, light hydrocarbons were burned and fuel was formed in the first reaction region. The second reaction region was the main combustion region where the fuel was burned. From the TGA curves, it was detected that the heavier fraction, resins, lost considerable amounts of their initial mass, approximately 35%, while saturates lost only approximately 3% of their initial mass in the second reaction region. DSC curves of the samples were also examined and observed that as the sample got heavier, the heat of the reaction increased. Saturates, lightest part of the crude oil fractions, gave minimum heat of reaction. As the heating rate increased, shift of peak temperatures to high values and higher reaction regions were observed. The kinetic analysis of crude oils and their fractions were also performed using different kinetic methods. Activation energies (E), mean activation energies (Emean) and Arrhenius constants were found for crude oils and fractions. It was deduced that the resins gave the highest activation energy and Arrhenius constant for both reaction regions. Moreover, it was encountered that heating rate has no effect on activation energies.
Calisesi, Federico. "The analysis of the injection of hydrogen-oxygen mixtures in gasoline-powered internal combustion engines." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15553/.
Повний текст джерелаHan, Jinyi. "Kinetic and Morphological Studies of Pd Oxidation in O2-CH4 mixtures." Digital WPI, 2004. https://digitalcommons.wpi.edu/etd-dissertations/219.
Повний текст джерелаAnderlohr, Jörg-Michel. "Modélisation de la combustion et des polluants dans la ligne d'échappement d'un moteur." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPL100N/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD thesis is the development of a predictive numerical model capable of simulating hydrocarbon postoxidation in an IC engine exhaust line. The model should reproduce the auto-ignition of hydrocarbons, as well as the evolution of pollutants and combustion products under postoxidation conditions. For this purpose, a detailed kinetic reaction model was developed. It should be valid at low temperatures and under highly diluted conditions. The model should also take into account the effects of the major components of engine exhaust gas on hydrocarbon postoxidation. These are CO2, H2O, and N2, acting as diluting species, but also CO and NOx, which even in small amounts, may strongly impact hydrocarbon oxidation kinetics. These species must hence be considered for postoxidation modelling.In order to gather chemical and physical effects such as turbulence and mixing, the chemical kinetic mechanism was coupled with a turbulent combustion model designed for CFD 3D engine computations. An a priori tabulation methodology was developed, minimizing computational effort and the developed tabulation technique was validated under postoxidation conditions in an IC-engine exhaust line. The coupled chemical kinetics tabulation and turbulent mixing model was implemented in the CFD code IFP-C3D. Simulations were performed on a configuration representative of the physical phenomena characteristic of hydrocarbon postoxidation in exhaust lines. Results improved the understanding of postoxidation phenomena in an IC-engine exhaust line and propose technical solutions for an enhanced postoxidation control
Zouaoui, Nabila. "Etude expérimentale et théorique des paramètres régissant la combustion du noir de carbone au cours d'une analyse thermogravimétrique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Mulhouse, 2009. https://www.learning-center.uha.fr/.
Повний текст джерелаCombustion of carbon black (CB) in the crucible of a thermobalance is controlled by both carbon reactivity and oxygen transport from the oxidizing flux to the surface of the bed and within the porous bed.The experiments conducted by changing the mass of CB showed that the oxygen concentration can fall to zero before the bottom of the bed. Thus, at a given time, only a part of the bed is burning. This mass, called critical mass (mc), depends to temperature. It went from 35 mg at 570°C to 17.5 mg at 650°C.An oxygen gradient is thus established in the bed. The Modelling of the internal transport of oxygen showed that the Fick diffusion is a good approximation to represent the transport.Advices to correctly extract a kinetic constant using thermogravimetric experiments are given. The procedure is adjusted depending to the precision desired.Thus, the use of low masses to best reduce the mass and exothermic reaction effects is strongly recommended. The influence of stagnant gas can be reduced by using crucibles with very low height, or by placing the sample closest to the mouth of the crucible by filling the bottom of the crucible with an inert material
Njapha, Delani. "Determination of the kinetic models and associated parameters for the low temperature combustion and gasification of high-ash coal chars / D. Njapha." Thesis, North-West University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/170.
Повний текст джерелаJans, Elijah R. "Laser Diagnostics for Kinetic Studies of Nonequilibrium Molecular Plasmas and High-Speed Flows." The Ohio State University, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1618850427972453.
Повний текст джерелаMay-Carle, Jean-Baptiste. "Ethanol et moteur Diesel : mécanismes de combustion et formation des polluants." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843644.
Повний текст джерелаZellagui, Sami. "Pyrolyse et combustion de solides pulvérisés sous forts gradients thermiques : Caractérisation de la dévolatilisation, des matières particulaires générées et modélisation." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH9599/document.
Повний текст джерелаCoal is the most economically attractive fossil fuel and the main resource used for electricity production. However, the main issue with coal combustion is the greenhouse gas as well as other gases and particulates matter leading to environmental and human concerns. In order to reduce the environmental impact of coal utilization, researches are conducted to improve the combustion process and to use other carbon-based fuels. The first approach includes the oxy-fuel combustion that can be coupled with Carbon Capture and Storage process (CCS). The second approach promotes the partial substitution of coal by carbon-neutral fuels, such as biomasses, which are promising fuels.For the evaluation of the application of these technologies, an experimental device was developed. This device is a drop tube furnace (DTF) in which high particle heating rate (approximately 104–105 K s−1) has to be achieved in order to characterize solid fuels under conditions similar to those taking place in power plant furnaces. DTF allowed to investigate pyrolysis reaction involving coal and/or biomass particles at different temperatures (600-1400 °C). The comparison between the oxy-combustion and the conventional air combustion process starts with the investigation of the pyrolysis step. The impact of N2 (for conventional air combustion) and CO2 (for oxy-fuel combustion) atmospheres during pyrolysis of different coals at different temperatures was investigated. Results showed that the coal devolatilization is influenced by the gas under which the fuel devolatilization is carried out (N2 or CO2) only at high temperatures (>1200 °C). The influence of different operating conditions on PM2.5 emission were experimented for coals or biomass, including combustion atmosphere (air or oxy-fuel conditions), particle residence time and temperature. A kinetic study of the pyrolysis was carried out and the corresponding kinetic parameters were determined by modeling from several kinetic reaction schemes
Li, Can. "Simultaneous Removal of Elemental Mercury and NO over Modified SCR Catalyst in Coal Combustion Flue Gas." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin161374169547422.
Повний текст джерелаTaddeo, Lucio. "Énergie recyclée par conversion chimique pour application à la combustion dans le domaine aérospatial (ERC3)." Thesis, Bourges, INSA Centre Val de Loire, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ISAB0002/document.
Повний текст джерелаRegenerative cooling is a well-known cooling technique, suitable to ensure scramjets thermal protection. The development of regeneratively cooled engines using an endothermic propellant is a challenging task, especially because of the strong coupling between fuel decomposition and combustion, which makes the definition of an engine regulation strategy very hard. An experimental study, aiming at identifying the effect of fuel mass flow rate variations on a fuel cooled-combustor in terms of system dynamics has been carried out. A remotely controlled fuel-cooled combustor, designed by means of CDF calculations and suitable for the experimental analysis of combustion-pyrolysis coupling, has been used. In order to improve tests results analysis, a parametric study to characterize fuel decomposition has also been realized. The pyrolysis has been modeled by using a detailed kinetic mechanism (153 species, 1185 chemical reactions)