Статті в журналах: "Kinematic waves"

1

Forristall, George Z. "KINEMATICS IN THE CRESTS OF STORM WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.16.

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Uncertainty about kinematics in the crests of high waves has prevented random wave simulation from being accepted as a reliable method for computing wave forces for platform design. A theoretically defensible method of calculation for wave crest kinematics has been developed recently. The method produces a potential function which fits the kinematic boundary condition specified by second order wave theory and is thus named the Kinematic Boundary Condition Fitting (KBCF) method. KBCF agreed well with measurements of mechanically generated irregular waves made by a laser Doppler current meter in a wave tank. In order to obtain further data during high, short crested storm waves, instruments for the Fulmar Wave Crest Kinematics (FULWACK) experiment were installed in the North Sea early in November 1981. During a storm later in that month, good velocity measurements at heights up to 25 feet above mean water level were obtained in over 30 waves. For comparison with this data, KBCF was extended to three dimensions. Statistics of the velocities thus simulated agreed well with statistics of the measurements. KBCF has thus been verified as a accurate method for simulating the kinematics of natural storm waves.

2

Kim, Tae-in, Robert T. Hudspeth, and W. Sulisz. "CIRCULATION KINEMATICS IN NONLINEAR LABORATORY WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 20 (January 29, 1986): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v20.30.

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A weakly nonlinear solution is presented for the two-dimensional wave kinematics forced by a generic wavemaker of variable-draft. The solution is valid for both piston and hinged wavemakers of variable draft that may be double articulated. The second-order propagating waves generated by a planar wave board are composed of two components; viz., a Stokes second-order wave and a second-harmonic wave forced by the wavemaker which travels at a different speed. A previously neglected time-independent solution that is required to satisfy a kinematic boundary condition on the wavemaker as well as a mixed boundary condition on the free surface is included for the first time. A component of the time-independent solution is found to accurately estimate the mean return current (correct to second-order) in a closed wave flume. This mean return current is usually estimated from kinematic considerations by a conservation of mass principle.

3

Najd, Jamal, Enrico Zappino, Erasmo Carrera, Walid Harizi, and Zoheir Aboura. "A Variable Kinematic Multifield Model for the Lamb Wave Propagation Analysis in Smart Panels." Sensors 22, no. 16 (August 17, 2022): 6168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22166168.

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The present paper assessed the use of variable kinematic two-dimensional elements in the dynamic analysis of Lamb waves propagation in an isotropic plate with piezo-patches. The multi-field finite element model used in this work was based on the Carrera Unified Formulation which offers a versatile application enabling the model to apply the desired order theory. The used variable kinematic model allowed for the kinematic model to vary in space, thereby providing the possibility to implement a classical plate model in collaboration with a refined kinematic model in selected areas where higher order kinematics are needed. The propagation of the symmetric (S0) and the antisymmetric (A0) fundamental lamb waves in an isotropic strip was considered in both mechanical and piezo-elastic plate models. The convergence of the models was discussed for different kinematics approaches, under different mesh refinement, and under different time steps. The results were compared to the exact solution proposed in the literature in order to assess and further determine the effects of the different parameters used when dynamically modeling a Lamb wave propagating in such material. It was shown that the higher order kinematic models delivered a higher accuracy of the propagating wave evaluated using the corresponding Time Of Flight (TOF). Upon using the appropriate mesh refinement of 2000 elements and sufficient time steps of 4000 steps, the error between the TOF obtained analytically and numerically using a high order kinematics was found to be less than 1% for both types of fundamental Lamb waves S0 and A0. Node-dependent kinematics models were also exploited in wave propagation to decrease the computational cost and to study their effect on the accuracy of the obtained results. The obtained results show, in both the mechanical and the piezo-electric models, that a reduction in the computational cost of up to 50% can be easily attained using such models while maintaining an error inferior to 1%.

4

Baloga, Stephen. "Lava flows as kinematic waves." Journal of Geophysical Research 92, B9 (1987): 9271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/jb092ib09p09271.

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5

Pak, On Shun, Saverio E. Spagnolie, and Eric Lauga. "Hydrodynamics of the double-wave structure of insect spermatozoa flagella." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 9, no. 73 (February 2012): 1908–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2011.0841.

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In addition to conventional planar and helical flagellar waves, insect sperm flagella have also been observed to display a double-wave structure characterized by the presence of two superimposed helical waves. In this paper, we present a hydrodynamic investigation of the locomotion of insect spermatozoa exhibiting the double-wave structure, idealized here as superhelical waves. Resolving the hydrodynamic interactions with a non-local slender body theory, we predict the swimming kinematics of these superhelical swimmers based on experimentally collected geometric and kinematic data. Our consideration provides insight into the relative contributions of the major and minor helical waves to swimming; namely, propulsion is owing primarily to the minor wave, with negligible contribution from the major wave. We also explore the dependence of the propulsion speed on geometric and kinematic parameters, revealing counterintuitive results, particularly for the case when the minor and major helical structures are of opposite chirality.

6

NG, Felix, and Edward C. King. "Kinematic waves in polar firn stratigraphy." Journal of Glaciology 57, no. 206 (2011): 1119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/002214311798843340.

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AbstractRadar studies of firn on the ice sheets have revealed complex folds on its internal layering that form from the interplay of snow accumulation and ice flow. A mathematical theory for these fold structures is presented, for the case where the radar cross section lies along the ice-flow direction and where the accumulation rate and ice-flow velocity are time-invariant. Our model, which accounts for firn densification, shows how ‘information’ (the depth and slope of isochrones) propagates on the radargram to govern its layer undulations. This leads us to discover universal rules behind the pattern of layer slopes on a distance–age domain and understand why the loci of layer-fold hinges curve, emerge and combine on the radargram to form closed loops that delineate areas of rising and plunging isochrones. We also develop a way of retrieving the accumulation rate distribution and layer ages from steady isochrone patterns. Analysis of a radargram from the onset zone of Bindschadler Ice Stream, West Antarctica, indicates that ice flow and accumulation rates have been steady there for the past ∼400 years, and that spatial anomalies in the latter are coupled to surface topography induced by ice flow over the undulating ice-stream bed. The theory provides new concepts for the morphological interpretation of radargrams.

7

Arattano, M., and W. Z. Savage. "Modelling debris flows as kinematic waves." Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology 49, no. 1 (April 1994): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02594995.

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8

Tassev, Svetlin V., and Edmund Bertschinger. "Kinematic Density Waves in Accretion Disks." Astrophysical Journal 686, no. 1 (October 10, 2008): 423–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/591014.

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9

Wei, Xing. "Kinematic dynamo induced by helical waves." Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics 109, no. 2 (July 31, 2014): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03091929.2014.944517.

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10

Turner, G. A., and V. S. Vadke. "Kinematic waves in a liquefied paste." Journal of Sound and Vibration 104, no. 3 (February 1986): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-460x(86)90303-2.

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11

Tao, Aifeng, Jinhai Zheng, Botao Chen, Hui Li, and Ji Peng. "PROPERTIES OF FREAK WAVES INDUCED BY TWO KINDS OF NONLINEAR MECHANISMS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (December 28, 2012): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.waves.73.

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We investigate the dynamic and kinematic characteristics of freak waves using a direct phase-resolved nonlinear numerical method. The focus is on the understanding of the effects of different nonlinear wave-wave interactions on freak waves development and characteristics in the evolution process of modulated Stokes wave trains. Long time simulations of modulated Stokes wave trains, with different parameters, are obtained. Based on these simulations, we find that there are different kinds of freak waves in different time scales due to two kinds of different nonlinear mechanisms. One is the modulation instability and another related to the wave group interaction. Both the dynamic and kinematic characteristics of the different kinds of freak waves are distinct. Occurrence of freak waves (especially of large height) is usually correlated with broadband wave spectra.

12

Na, Byoungjoon, Kuang-An Chang, and Ho-Joon Lim. "COMPARISON OF FLOW DYNAMICS AND AIR ENTRAINMENT UNDER LABORATORY PLUNGING AND SPILLING BREAKING WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 37 (September 1, 2023): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v37.waves.13.

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Wave breaking plays a vital role in enhancing transfer of mass, momentum, and energy across the air-sea interface. Even though wave breaking has been intensively studied, a vast part of the air entrainment process is still poorly understood. One major reason is that multiphase approaches considering air-water mixture density variation have rarely been used. To quantify certain flow properties that involve air entrainment and fluid density variation, such as the mean and turbulent kinetic energy as well as potential energy under breaking waves, void fraction measurements are essential. In the present study, through combined velocity and void fraction measurements, flow kinematics, turbulence, void fraction, and the effects of void fraction to energy dissipation were investigated. The data uniquely characterize and compare kinematic and dynamic properties of the multiphase flow, including flow structure in the highly aerated region, under plunging and spilling breaking waves.

13

van de Wal, R. S. W., and J. Oerlemans. "Response of valley glaciers to climate change and kinematic waves: a study with a numerical ice-flow model." Journal of Glaciology 41, no. 137 (1995): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022143000017834.

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AbstractA simple numerical flow model that couples mass divergence directly to basal shear stress as the only driving force is used to study kinematic waves. Kinematic waves that result from a perturbation of the ice thickness or mass balance are compared with the linear kinematic-wave theory of Nye/Weertman. The wave velocity is calculated as a function of the wavelength and amplitude of a perturbation. The modelled wave velocity is typically 6–8 times the vertically averaged velocity in the flow direction whereas linear theory predicts a factor of only 5.An experiment with the geometry of Hintereisferner, Austria, shows that the increase in the local ice velocity during a kinematic wave is about 10% but varies slightly depending on the position along the glacier and the amplitude of the kinematic wave. Kinematic waves are thus hard to detect from velocity measurements.The dynamics of simple continuity models are rich enough to support a variety of kinematic-wave phenomena. Such models are a useful tool to study the response of valley glaciers to climate change.

14

van de Wal, R. S. W., and J. Oerlemans. "Response of valley glaciers to climate change and kinematic waves: a study with a numerical ice-flow model." Journal of Glaciology 41, no. 137 (1995): 142–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/s0022143000017834.

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AbstractA simple numerical flow model that couples mass divergence directly to basal shear stress as the only driving force is used to study kinematic waves. Kinematic waves that result from a perturbation of the ice thickness or mass balance are compared with the linear kinematic-wave theory of Nye/Weertman. The wave velocity is calculated as a function of the wavelength and amplitude of a perturbation. The modelled wave velocity is typically 6–8 times the vertically averaged velocity in the flow direction whereas linear theory predicts a factor of only 5.An experiment with the geometry of Hintereisferner, Austria, shows that the increase in the local ice velocity during a kinematic wave is about 10% but varies slightly depending on the position along the glacier and the amplitude of the kinematic wave. Kinematic waves are thus hard to detect from velocity measurements.The dynamics of simple continuity models are rich enough to support a variety of kinematic-wave phenomena. Such models are a useful tool to study the response of valley glaciers to climate change.

15

Mitnitski, Arnold B. "Kinematic models cannot provide insight into motor control." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 20, no. 2 (June 1997): 318–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x97371441.

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In Plamondon & Alimi's target article, a bell-shaped velocity profile typically observed in fast movements is used as a basis for the “kinematic theory” of motor control. In our opinion, kinematics is a necessary but insufficient ground for a theory of motor control. Relationships between different kinematic characteristics are an emergent property of the system dynamics controlled by the brain in a specific way. In particular, bell-shaped velocity profiles with or without additional waves are a trivial consequence of shifts in the equilibrium state of the system as suggested, for example, in the λ-model of motor control.

16

Šugar, Danijel, Željko Bačić, and Iva Dasović. "Geodetic and seismological analysis of the CROPOS ZAGR station kinematics during the Zagreb 2020 ML 5.5 earthquake." Geofizika 38, no. 2 (January 24, 2022): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.15233/gfz.2021.38.10.

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The CROPOS’s ZAGR stations, one of 33 stations of the Croatian permanent GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) network CROPOS (Croatian Positioning System), is located in Zagreb’s city centre. For the first time, motion of one of the CROPOS stations (the ZAGR station) during an earthquake shake (the Zagreb 2020 ML5.5) was analysed by the PPK (Post-Processed Kinematic) method using all available GNSS signals (GPS – Global Positioning System, GLONASS – GLObalnaya NAvigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistem, Galileo, Bei-Dou) and seismologically interpreted. The ZAGR station is situated about 9 km to the south-southeast of the earthquake’s epicentre. The analysis showed that the station’s movements, i.e. combined surface and building motion, during the shake was far above the noise level and enabled the assessment of the station’s kinematics: movements in the range of approx. 13 cm in direction north–south (N–S) and approx. 6 cm in direction east–west (E–W). However, movements in the vertical direction were slightly above the noise level. Even though the ZAGR station kinematic behaviour was pronounced, no permanent displacement was identified. The seismological analysis showed that the ZAGR station recorded the onset of the SV-waves on the N–S component, surface waves on the N–S (predominantly Rayleigh waves) and E–W (mainly Love waves) components. The resolution of 1 s of the results of the PPK method have enabled a thorough analysis of the ZAGR station kinematics and pointed out the usefulness of the method in earthquake observations.

17

Leibig, Michael. "Pattern-formation characteristics of interacting kinematic waves." Physical Review E 49, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 184–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreve.49.184.

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18

Daganzo, Carlos F. "In traffic flow, cellular automata=kinematic waves." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 40, no. 5 (June 2006): 396–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2005.05.004.

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19

Nian, Ting Kai, Bo Liu, and Ping Yin. "Seafloor Slope Stability under Adverse Conditions Using Energy Approach." Applied Mechanics and Materials 405-408 (September 2013): 1445–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.405-408.1445.

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The effects of ocean waves on the stability of seafloor slopes are of great importance in marine environment. The stability of a seafloor slope considering wave-induced pressure is analyzed using the kinematic approach of limit analysis combined with a strength reduction technique. A seafloor slope without waves is considered first. Furthermore, waved-induced pressure is considered to act on the surface of slope as an external load to analyze the effects on the stability of slope by waves. The results show that the adverse effect of waves on slope stability increases with an increase of the wave height as well as a decrease of the water depth.

20

Raichlen, Frederic, and Panos Papanicolaou. "SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF BREAKING WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 21 (January 29, 1988): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v21.26.

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In recent years there has been a surge in coastal engineering research devoted to various aspects of breaking waves including their kinematics at and after breaking. For a review of certain aspects of this field the interested reader is referred to Peregrine (1983) and Battjes (1988); in this discussion only certain publications pertinent to this investigation will be mentioned briefly. With the advent of laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV) a number of investigators have measured the internal velocities of waves both before, at, and after breaking. For example, Nadaoka (1986) measured the velocities in the shoaling region under periodic breaking shallow water waves. This extensive study of the nearshore regions resulted in vector diagrams which described very well several spatial aspects of the flow shoreward of breaking. Skjelbreia (1987) also used LDV techniques to define the kinematic characteristics of breaking solitary waves. Measurements were made of the water particle velocities under spilling and plunging breaking waves both very near breaking and after breaking, close to the water surface and to the bottom. A high degree of reproducibility was possible with the laboratory wave generation system used so experiments were conducted at different locations with essentially the same wave; this will be discussed more fully later. Skjelbreia (1987) also presented vector diagrams of the velocities under plunging and spilling solitary breakers. These measurements when compared to those of Nadoaka (1986) raise several questions regarding similarities and differences between breaking oscillatory waves and waves of translation. In addition to detailed kinematic measurements, a macroscopic view of shoaling solitary waves was also taken by Skjelbreia (1987) yielding results on the variation of the wave height with distance both before and after breaking. Although there has been a considerable amount of work along these lines in the past, observations of the changes in the wave at and after breaking are still quite useful in developing an overall understanding of the breaking process.

21

Zhang, H. M., and W. L. Jin. "Kinematic Wave Traffic Flow Model for Mixed Traffic." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1802, no. 1 (January 2002): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1802-22.

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The Lighthill-Whitham-Richards kinematic wave traffic flow model was extended to describe traffic with different types of vehicles, in which all types of vehicles are completely mixed and travel at the same group velocity. A study of such a model with two vehicle classes (e.g., passenger cars and trucks) showed that when both classes of traffic have identical freeflow speeds, the model (a) satisfies the first-in-first-out rule, (b) is anisotropic, and (c) has the usual shock and expansion waves and a family of contact waves. Different compositions of vehicle classes in this model propagate along contact waves. Such models can be used to study traffic evolution on long crowded highways where low-performance vehicles entrap high-performance ones.

22

Daganzo, Carlos F. "A variational formulation of kinematic waves: Solution methods." Transportation Research Part B: Methodological 39, no. 10 (December 2005): 934–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2004.05.003.

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23

Au, C. K., and Tony C. Woo. "Geometry of inhibition and activation in kinematic waves." Computer-Aided Design 36, no. 12 (October 2004): 1253–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2004.01.010.

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24

Zhang, Chao, Peng Deng, and Wenhai Ke. "Kinematic response of rectangular piles under S waves." Computers and Geotechnics 102 (October 2018): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.06.016.

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25

Alkahby, Hadi Yahya. "On viscous and resistive dissipation of Alfvén waves in an isothermal atmosphere." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 20, no. 3 (1997): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171297000823.

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In this article we will investigate reflection and dissipation of Alfvén waves, resulting from a uniform vertical magnetic field, in a viscous, resistive and isothermal atmosphere. It is shown that the atmosphere may be divided into two distinct regions connected by an absorbing and reflecting transition layer. In the transition layer the reflection, dissipation and absorption of the magnetic energy of the waves take place and in it the kinematic viscosity changes from small to large values. In the lower region the effect of the resistive diffusivity and kinematic viscosity changes from small to large values. In the lower region the effect of the resistive diffusivity and kinematic viscosity is negligible and in it the solution can be represented as a linear combination of two, incident and reflected, propagating waves with different wavelengths and different dissipative factors. In the upper region the effect of the resistive diffusivity and kinematic viscosity is large and the solution, which satisfies the prescribed boundary conditions, will behave as a constant. The reflection coefficient, the dissipative factors are determined and the conclusions are discussed in connection with solar heating.

26

Park, Geunyeop, Jangho Yun, Changhoon Lee, and Hyun Wook Jung. "Effect of Material Parameter of Viscoelastic Giesekus Fluids on Extensional Properties in Spinline and Draw Resonance Instability in Isothermal Melt Spinning Process." Polymers 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13010139.

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The draw resonance instability of viscoelastic Giesekus fluids was studied by correlating the spinline extensional features and transit times of several kinematic waves in an isothermal melt spinning process. The critical drawdown ratios were critically dependent on the Deborah number (De, the ratio of material relaxation time to process time) and a single material parameter (αG) of the Giesekus fluid. In the intermediate range of αG, the stability status changed distinctively with increasing De, i.e., the spinning system was initially stabilized and subsequently destabilized, as De increases. In this αG regime, the level of velocity and extensional-thickening rheological property in the spinline became gradually enhanced at low De and weakened at high De. The draw resonance onsets for different values of αG were determined precisely using a simple indicator composed of several kinematic waves traveling the entire spinline and period of oscillation. The change in transit times of kinematic waves for varying De adequately reflected the effect of αG on the change in stability.

27

Menegaldo, Luciano Luporini, Stefano Panzieri, and Cassiano Neves. "Reconstruction of Riser Profiles by an Underwater Robot Using Inertial Navigation." Journal of Robotics 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/638394.

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This paper proposes a kinematic model and an inertial localization system architecture for a riser inspecting robot. The robot scrolls outside the catenary riser, used for underwater petroleum exploration, and is designed to perform several nondestructive tests. It can also be used to reconstruct the riser profile. Here, a realistic simulation model of robot kinematics and its environment is proposed, using different sources of data: oil platform characteristics, riser static configuration, sea currents and waves, vortex-induced vibrations, and instrumentation model. A dynamic finite element model of the riser generates a nominal riser profile. When the robot kinematic model virtually scrolls the simulated riser profile, a robot kinematic pattern is calculated. This pattern feeds error models of a strapdown inertial measurement unit (IMU) and of a depth sensor. A Kalman filter fuses the simulated accelerometers data with simulated external measurements. Along the riser vertical part, the estimated localization error between the simulated nominal and Kalman filter reconstructed robot paths was about 2 m. When the robot model approaches the seabed it assumes a more horizontal trajectory and the localization error increases significantly.

28

Itay, Uri, and Dan Liberzon. "Lagrangian Kinematic Criterion for the Breaking of Shoaling Waves." Journal of Physical Oceanography 47, no. 4 (April 2017): 827–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-16-0289.1.

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AbstractAn experimental study was conducted with the aim of validating the Lagrangian kinematic criterion (LKC) for the case of breaking of shoaling waves. Monochromatic wave trains were generated in a large wave flume and allowed to shoal and break naturally on an artificial inclination changeable shore, thus allowing inspection of a range of slopes. Instantaneous horizontal Lagrangian water surface velocity was measured by particle tracking velocimetry and compared to the instantaneous propagation speed of the crest on a verge of breaking, the latter calculated using time series produced by resistance-type wave gauges staged along the flume. The inception of a breaker was found to occur when the monotonically increasing horizontal water velocity on the crest, during the process of steepening, approached that of the slowing steep crest, thus confirming the LKC for shoaling conditions. In addition, an objective method of breaking detection was developed utilizing the phase–time method and wavelet analysis by recognizing a specific pattern in the instantaneous local frequency fluctuations. The two main expected contributions of this study are the formation of an applicable criterion for breaking occurrences in shoaling waves and development of a wave breaking detection method independent of human decision. Incorporation of the suggested criterion into existing waves prediction models can be a significant contribution to maritime projects efficiency, whereas the breakers detection method will be useful for conducting further experimental research on waves breaking both in laboratory installations and in the highly unstable environment of an open sea.

29

GAMA, R. M. S. "A NON-LINEAR PROBLEM ARISING FROM THE DESCRIPTION OF THE WAVE PROPAGATION IN LINEAR ELASTIC RODS." Latin American Applied Research - An international journal 49, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 61–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.52292/j.laar.2019.286.

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In this work it is presented the modeling and the simulation of the dynamics of an elastic rod, taking into account the kinematic constraint arising from the Classical Continuum Mechanics. The simulation involves shock waves that consists of contact shocks when the kinematic constraint does not need to be imposed.

30

Gamby, D., M. C. Lafarie-Frenot, and C. Henaff-Gardin. "Kinematic Waves and Nonuniform Damage Development in Composite Laminates." International Journal of Damage Mechanics 6, no. 1 (January 1997): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105678959700600105.

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31

Lee, Joo Sung, Hyun Wook Jung, Hyun-Seob Song, Kwan-Young Lee, and Jae Chun Hyun. "Kinematic waves and draw resonance in film casting process." Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics 101, no. 1-3 (November 2001): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0377-0257(01)00155-0.

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32

Meier, G. E. A., A. Klöpper, and G. Grabitz. "The influence of kinematic waves on jet break down." Experiments in Fluids 12, no. 3 (January 1992): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00188256.

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33

Griffin, Owen M., Rodney D. Peltzer, Henry T. Wang, and William W. Schultz. "Kinematic and dynamic evolution of deep water breaking waves." Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans 101, no. C7 (July 15, 1996): 16515–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/96jc00281.

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34

van der Veen, C. J. "California Traffic Has Been Making Kinematic Waves since Fifties." Physics Today 50, no. 10 (October 1997): 140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.881947.

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35

Jung, Hyun Wook, Hyun-Seob Song, and Jae Chun Hyun. "Draw resonance and kinematic waves in viscoelastic isothermal spinning." AIChE Journal 46, no. 10 (October 2000): 2106–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690461021.

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36

Wu, Chih-Hua, Tin-Kan Hung, and Bang-Fuh Chen. "Kinematic, dynamic and energy characteristics of swirling sloshing waves." Ocean Engineering 272 (March 2023): 113875. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2023.113875.

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37

Samanta, Arghya. "Shear-imposed falling film." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 753 (July 21, 2014): 131–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.351.

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AbstractThe study of a film falling down an inclined plane is revisited in the presence of imposed shear stress. Earlier studies regarding this topic (Smith, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 217, 1990, pp. 469–485; Wei, Phys. Fluids, vol. 17, 2005a, 012103), developed on the basis of a low Reynolds number, are extended up to moderate values of the Reynolds number. The mechanism of the primary instability is provided under the framework of a two-wave structure, which is normally a combination of kinematic and dynamic waves. In general, the primary instability appears when the kinematic wave speed exceeds the speed of dynamic waves. An equality criterion between their speeds yields the neutral stability condition. Similarly, it is revealed that the nonlinear travelling wave solutions also depend on the kinematic and dynamic wave speeds, and an equality criterion between the speeds leads to an analytical expression for the speed of a family of travelling waves as a function of the Froude number. This new analytical result is compared with numerical prediction, and an excellent agreement is achieved. Direct numerical simulations of the low-dimensional model have been performed in order to analyse the spatiotemporal behaviour of nonlinear waves by applying a constant shear stress in the upstream and downstream directions. It is noticed that the presence of imposed shear stress in the upstream (downstream) direction makes the evolution of spatially growing waves weaker (stronger).

38

Kurkina, Oxana, Tatyana Talipova, Tarmo Soomere, Ayrat Giniyatullin, and Andrey Kurkin. "Kinematic parameters of internal waves of the second mode in the South China Sea." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 24, no. 4 (October 19, 2017): 645–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-24-645-2017.

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Abstract. Spatial distributions of the main properties of the mode function and kinematic and non-linear parameters of internal waves of the second mode are derived for the South China Sea for typical summer conditions in July. The calculations are based on the Generalized Digital Environmental Model (GDEM) climatology of hydrological variables, from which the local stratification is evaluated. The focus is on the phase speed of long internal waves and the coefficients at the dispersive, quadratic and cubic terms of the weakly non-linear Gardner model. Spatial distributions of these parameters, except for the coefficient at the cubic term, are qualitatively similar for waves of both modes. The dispersive term of Gardner's equation and phase speed for internal waves of the second mode are about a quarter and half, respectively, of those for waves of the first mode. Similarly to the waves of the first mode, the coefficients at the quadratic and cubic terms of Gardner's equation are practically independent of water depth. In contrast to the waves of the first mode, for waves of the second mode the quadratic term is mostly negative. The results can serve as a basis for expressing estimates of the expected parameters of internal waves for the South China Sea.

39

Marvi, Hamidreza, Jacob Bridges, and David L. Hu. "Snakes mimic earthworms: propulsion using rectilinear travelling waves." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 84 (July 6, 2013): 20130188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0188.

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In rectilinear locomotion, snakes propel themselves using unidirectional travelling waves of muscular contraction, in a style similar to earthworms. In this combined experimental and theoretical study, we film rectilinear locomotion of three species of snakes, including red-tailed boa constrictors, Dumeril's boas and Gaboon vipers. The kinematics of a snake's extension–contraction travelling wave are characterized by wave frequency, amplitude and speed. We find wave frequency increases with increasing body size, an opposite trend than that for legged animals. We predict body speed with 73–97% accuracy using a mathematical model of a one-dimensional n -linked crawler that uses friction as the dominant propulsive force. We apply our model to show snakes have optimal wave frequencies: higher values increase Froude number causing the snake to slip; smaller values decrease thrust and so body speed. Other choices of kinematic variables, such as wave amplitude, are suboptimal and appear to be limited by anatomical constraints. Our model also shows that local body lifting increases a snake's speed by 31 per cent, demonstrating that rectilinear locomotion benefits from vertical motion similar to walking.

40

Lin, Chang, Ming-Jer Kao, James Yang, Rajkumar Venkatesh Raikar, Juan-Ming Yuan, and Shih-Chun Hsieh. "Similarity and Froude Number Similitude in Kinematic and Hydrodynamic Features of Solitary Waves over Horizontal Bed." Processes 9, no. 8 (August 16, 2021): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9081420.

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This study presents, experimentally, similarity and Froude number similitude (FNS) in the dimensionless features of two solitary waves propagating over a horizontal bed, using two wave gauges and a high-speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV). The two waves have distinct wave heights H0 (2.9 and 5.8 cm) and still water depths h0 (8.0 and 16.0 cm) but identical H0/h0 (0.363). Together with the geometric features of free surface elevation and wavelength, the kinematic characteristics of horizontal and vertical velocities, as well as wave celerity, are elucidated. Illustration of the hydrodynamic features of local and convective accelerations are also made in this study. Both similarity and FNS hold true for the dimensionless free surface elevation (FSE), wavelength and celerity, horizontal and vertical velocities, and local and convective accelerations in the horizontal and vertical directions. The similarities and FNSs indicate that gravity dominates and governs the wave kinematics and hydrodynamics.

41

Robinson, P. A. "Kinematic and temperature restrictions on the electron cyclotron maser instability." Journal of Plasma Physics 36, no. 1 (August 1986): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800011582.

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The ranges of temperature T, harmonic number s and wave propagation angle θ in which the loss-cone-driven electron cyclotron instability can exist are found to be limited by opposing contributions to the growth rate from adjacent harmonics. For waves with refractive index n ⋍ 1 it is found that instability is possible only if T and s satisfy saT ≲ C with a = 2 − 2·5 and where the constant C is determined by θ and the form of the distribution function. It is argued that the corresponding restrictions for waves with very large or very small n are less severe. Instability is found to be forbidden for waves propagating outside a range |θ − 90°| < φ(s), except if θ ⋍ 0, where π(s) is independent of temperature and sin2φ(s) ⋍ s−1; this restriction limits the range of potentially unstable frequencies at a given harmonic.

42

Yamashita, Kei, Taro Kakinuma, and Keisuke Nakayama. "NUMERICAL ANALYSES ON PROPAGATION OF NONLINEAR INTERNAL WAVES." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (February 1, 2011): 24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.24.

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A set of nonlinear surface/internal-wave equations, which have been derived on the basis of the variational principle without any assumptions concerning wave nonlinearity and dispersion, is applied to compare numerical results with experimental data of surface/internal waves propagating through a shallow- or a deep-water region in a tank. Internal waves propagating over a submerged breakwater or a uniformly sloping beach are also simulated. The internal progressive wave shows remarkable shoaling when the interface reaches the critical level, after which physical variables including wave celerity become unstable near the wave-breaking point. In the case of the internal-wave trough reflecting at the vertical wall, the vertical velocities of water particles in the vicinity of the interface are different from that of the moving interface at the wall near the wave breaking, which means that the kinematic boundary condition on the interface of trough has been unsatisfied.

43

Ke, Wenhai, Chao Zhang, and Peng Deng. "Kinematic Response of Single Piles to Vertical P-Waves in Multilayered Soil." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami 09, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431115500049.

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A rigorous mathematical formulation for the kinematic response of single piles embedded in multilayered soil subjected to vertically incident P-waves is proposed based on the modified Vlasov model. The governing equations and boundary conditions of the soil–pile system are obtained by using Hamilton's principle. The soil–pile interaction and the physical properties of the layered soils are taken into consideration in the proposed model. The accuracy of the proposed method is validated by the comparison of the proposed solution results with some existing solutions. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effects of the soil inhomogeneity on the kinematic response of single piles. The results reveal that: as for the two-layered case, the thickness of the upper soft layer has a significant influence on the kinematic response of single piles; as for the three-layered case, the soil–pile interaction is very sensitive to the thickness and Young's modulus of the middle layer.

44

Chen, Xiao Jian, Fei Wu, and Jia Mei Jin. "Precision Machining Based on Elastic Waves in Solids." Advanced Materials Research 669 (March 2013): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.669.161.

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A grinding tool without kinematic pairs, of compactness and low cost, based on the defect that it is difficult to improve the precision of kinematic pairs of traditional grinding methods, is presented in the paper. The operating principle based on elastic waves was analyzed. The grinding tool would realize the ultra-precision machining theoretically and experimentally. Components of the prototype were manufactured, assembled, and tested for the grinding performance to validate the concepts of the precision machining and confirm the simulation results of modal and harmonic analysis. The test results show that the performance of the proposed grinding tool can meet the requirements of the precision grinding. It is confirmed that this prototype can realize the accurate ultra-low-stress and the removal of material under ultra-low-stress circumstance. The research is aimed at exploring new methods and new theories of ultra-precision surface machining and giving a new solution to the problem of ultra-precision surface machining.

45

Clausse, A., K. Chetty, J. Buchanan, R. Ram, and M. Lopez de Bertodano. "Kinematic stability and simulations of the variational two-fluid model for slug flow." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 4 (April 2022): 043301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0086196.

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The two-fluid short-wave theory (TF-SWT) mode of the one-dimensional two-fluid model (TFM) [A. Clausse and M. Lopez de Bertodano, “Natural modes of the two-fluid model of two-phase flow,” Phys. Fluids 33, 033324 (2021)] showed that the incompressible kinematic and Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities are the source of the long-standing ill-posed question. Here, the stability of the short wave mode is analyzed to obtain an unstable incompressible well-posed TFM for vertical slug flow, where inertial coupling and drag play the key role. Then, a computational method is implemented to perform non-linear simulations of slug waves. Linear stability analyses, i.e., characteristics and dispersion, of a variational TF-SWT for vertical slug flows are presented. The current TFM is constituted with a lumped-parameter model of inertial coupling between the Taylor bubble and the liquid. A characteristic analysis shows that this conservative model is parabolic, and it provides a base upon which other models can be constructed, including short-wave damping mechanisms, like vortex dynamics. The dispersion analysis shows that depending on the interfacial drag, the problem can be kinematic unstable. A new kinematic condition in terms of the inertial coupling and the interfacial drag is derived that is consistent with previous theoretical and experimental results. The material waves, which are predicted by linear stability theory, then develop into nonlinear slug waveforms that are captured by the numerical simulations. These and the horizontal stratified flow waves of previous research illustrate the TFM capability to model interfacial structures that behave like waves. Otherwise, when the physics of the TF-SWT waves is ignored, the model is ill-posed.

46

Cairns, Iver H. "Fundamental plasma emission involving ion sound waves." Journal of Plasma Physics 38, no. 2 (October 1987): 169–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377800012496.

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The theory for fundamental plasma emission by the three-wave processes L ± S→T (where L, S and T denote Langmuir, ion sound and transverse waves, respectively) is developed. Kinematic constraints on the characteristics and growth lengths of waves participating in the wave processes are identified. In addition the rates, path-integrated wave temperatures, and limits on the brightness temperature of the radiation are derived.

47

Grimshaw, R. "The modulation of short gravity waves by long waves or currents." Journal of the Australian Mathematical Society. Series B. Applied Mathematics 29, no. 4 (April 1988): 410–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0334270000005919.

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AbstractThe modulation of short gravity waves by long waves or currents is described for the situation when the flow is irrotational and when the short waves are described by linearised equations. Two cases are distinguished depending on whether the basic flow can be characterised as a deep-water current, or a shallow-water current. In both cases the basic flow has a current which has finite amplitude, while in the first case the free surface slope of the basic flow can be finite, but in the second case is small. The modulation equations are the local dispersion relation of the short waves, the kinematic equation for conservation of wave crests and the wave action equation. The results incorporate and extend the earlier work of Longuet-Higgins and Stewart [10, 11].

48

Ben-Edigbe, J. "Traffic Kinematic Waves at Road Hump Zone: Perceptions and Analysis." British Journal of Applied Science & Technology 4, no. 7 (January 10, 2014): 1109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2014/7621.

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49

Zheng, Changjie, George Mylonakis, George Kouretzis, and Lubao Luan. "Kinematic seismic response of end-bearing piles to S-waves." Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering 163 (December 2022): 107547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107547.

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50

Jech, Jiří, and Ivan Pšenčík. "Kinematic inversion forqP- andqS-waves in inhomogeneous hexagonally symmetric structures." Geophysical Journal International 108, no. 2 (February 1992): 604–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1992.tb04639.x.

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