Дисертації з теми "Kardu"

This thesis deals about a digitizer design. The digitizer is part of air-band monitoring receiver. Requirement is digitalization of two audio signals. The device communicates with PC through USB interface and it provides reading and writing to SD card. The STM32F4DISCOVERY development board with processor STM32F407VGT6 was used for design and function testing. This development kit is supplemented with other peripherals on an extern board (input audio circuits and SD slots). The thesis describes briefly theory for each issue which this project deals with. One part is engaged to the hardware design. Then there is a description of the PC software for the device controlling. The main part of the thesis is about the development of the firmware for MCU, which manages AD conversion, formatting of the voice signal, USB communication (HID and Mass Storage class), recording and reading from the SD card and additional peripherals.

This thesis deals with the communication on the PCI bus and the design of controllers for the PCI card with FPGA circuit. The introduction shows the functionality and structure of FPGA circuits, followed by description of the principle of communication through the PCI bus. After an analysis of the PCI the thesis describes a design of controllers for a target card and lets the reader get acquainted with its different parts. In the process of implementation carefully examines the structure and operation of individual blocks of PCI controller. In the following part the thesis shows the process of implementation and testing of the final solution using the educational card with FPGA circuit.

Prigimtinėje būklėje žmogus perdavė savo teises Tautos atstovams, kurie geriausiai galėjo atstovauti jo nteresus, taip buvo įkurta įstatymų leidžiamoji valdžia. Visuomenės resursų valdymui bei sprendimų vykdymui buvo įkurta vykdomoji valdžia. Taigi, turėdamos skirtingą paskirtį visuomenės gyvenime, įstatymų leidžiamoji ir vykdomoji valdžios veikė išimtinai tik savo srityje, tokiu būdu galėdamos nešališkai, todėl geriausiai atstovauti Tautą bei dirbti jos labui. Tokia pagrindinė istorinio valdžių padalijimo principo prigimties idėja, kurią, įvairiai modifikuotą ar gryną, kaip demokratijos garantą, perėmė dauguma tiek labiausiai išsivysčiusių Vakarų Europos, tiek kitų žemynų valstybės. Pagal valdžių padalijimo principo pradininkų veikaluose išdėstytą doktriną, demokratinio valdymo šalyje turi būti trijų valdžių sąranga – įstatymų leidžiamoji, įstatymų vykdomoji bei teisminė. Minėta, kiekviena valdžios šaka turi tik jai priskirtus įgaliojimus ir jokiu būdu negali jų nei deleguoti, nei perimti iš kitos valdžios šakos, juo labiau negali būti valdžių susiliejimo. Tačiau valdžių atskyrimas nereiškia valdžių savitikslio savarankiškumo, - tai reiškia, kad valdžios bendradarbiauja ir įgyvendina tokį valdžių pusiausvyros lygį, kurio dėka nė viena valdžia neturėtų pranašumo prieš kitą. Tuo pačiu pagal šį principą turi būti nuolat atliekama parlamentinė kontrolė Vyriausybės atžvilgiu. Tik tokiu būdu bus tinkamai garantuotos Tautos teisės bei laisvės. Todėl, remiantis savo bei užsienio... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
Every human being living in the State of Nature had equal opportunities. Because of the growth of human race, this state altered and the interests of each individual person began to intersect, especially when talking about property. As a result, the rights and freedoms of each individual person were taken under threat. Therefore people began to organize themselves into societies in order to solve collective issues of society all together. When they had elected the most competent representatives, able to represent the interests of all Nation the best they could, people living in the State of Nature voluntarily waived their rights for handling particular issues in collective manner. The first aim of the representatives was the welfare of people. Thus the fundamental institute of the highest government was born. However, decisions taken in the name of all the people would have no power if they could not be enforced and would not reflect interests of the Nation. Seeking to implement supervision, the executive power was established which took care of the general welfare and the realization of all decisions. Thus, having a different purpose in society, legislature and executive authorities acted solely for their own sphere. Therefore, legislature and executive authorities could represent and work for the people as fair as possible. This is the basic idea of the historical division of powers which, variously modified or pure, as the security of democracy, was adopted by the majority... [to full text]

Orientadores: Armando Freitas da Rocha
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação
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Resumo: O Kards tem como objetivo ser um ambiente para programação inteligente de atividades em um ambiente especializado onde se utilize um conhecimento específico. Desenvolvido como um sistema para processamento de Linguagens Formais Nebulosas suportado pelo conceito de Sistema Distribuído, onde agentes primitivos se encarregam da implementação das propriedades básicas do sistema e agentes complexos são criados como equipes de agentes primitivos para processar uma Linguagem Formal Nebulosa. Esta Linguagem Formal Nebulosa é aquela requerida para implementar uma aplicação específica, isto é, aquela utilizada para processar o conhecimento especializado que define uma aplicação. As sentenças desta Linguagem Formal Nebulosa são armazenadas na base de dados sob uma sintaxe de redes. O sistema Kards possui ferramentas para: a) implementação e manuseio de bases de dados; b) representação do conhecimento especializado através de redes de processamento e redes de raciocínio; c) simulação do raciocínio especializado através da navegação das redes de raciocínio; d) aquisição sensorial de dados através de sistemas de conversão analógico-digital, scanner e mesa digitalizadora, e) reconhecimento sensorial de padrões através de paradigmas de aprendizado e reconhecimento sintático de padrões; f) aprendizado e processamento do jargão utilizado para comunicação em ambientes especializados; g) atuação inteligente no ambiente externo dentro dos paradigmas de controle nebuloso através do uso de conversão digital-analógico.O Kards é um sistema auto-referenciado, pois utiliza a própria sintaxe do sistema para descrever suas estruturas básicas. É apresentado um exemplo de aplicação na área de engenharia de petróleo
Abstract: KARDS provides a computational environment for intelligent programming of activities supported by expert knowledge. It is a tool for Fuzzy Formal Language processing using the paradigm of Distributed Processing Systems, where primitive agents are in charge of handling the basic system's basic rules and complex agents are created as teams of these primitive agents in charge of processing a given Fuzzy Formal Language. This language is the one required to implement the desired application, that is the one supporting the expert knowledge used in the application. The sentences of this Fuzzy Formal Language compose a Data Base and a network syntax is used for storing purpose. The systems provides tools for a) Data Base handling and implementation; b) knowledge representation by means of processing and reasoning networks; c) expert knowledge simulation by means of network navigation; d) sensory data acquisition from A/D devices, scanners and tablets; e) sensory pattern recognition by means of syntactical and network paradigms; f) learning and processing the restricted language (jargon) used in the expert environment, and g) intelligent action over the external environment using the paradigm of fuzzy control. KARDS is a self-referred system, because it takes profit of its own syntax to represent its basic structures. An example of application in the oil industry is presented.
Mestrado
Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: An estimated 34 million people worldwide are infected with HIV with 52% of them being women (UNAIDS, 2011), of this figure, an estimated 3.4 million are said to be children below the age of 15years. Sub Saharan Africa accounts for up to 90% of this burden in children. Nigeria, the most populous nation is Saharan African still contributes up to 30% of the global burden of mother to child transmission of HIV which is a major source of infection in children. According to the Federal ministry of health 2010 ANC survey report, the country has a prevalence of 4.1%. The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) where Karu village is located ranked 5th among the 36 states and Federal capital territory in Nigeria with a prevalence of 8.7%. Urban prevalence is 8.6% while the rural prevalence is 8.2%. An exploratory descriptive study was conducted among women of child bearing age (18 to 49years) living in Karu village, Abuja, FCT, North central Nigeria. A semi structured questionnaire designed to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV was administered by the researcher on 120 women of child bearing age living in Karu village after obtaining their consent. The study received an ethical review and approval from FCT human research ethics committee at the Health Department of the Federal capital development agency and Stellenbosch University, ethic committee. Findings from the 120 women who gave consent to participate showed that 28.33% had sufficient knowledge of how MTCT can occur with 77% having insufficient knowledge of how MTCT occur, 51.67% of them have sufficient knowledge of how PMTCT can be achieved while 48.33% do not. Of the participant surveyed, 89.17% of them have ever been pregnant while 24.17% were pregnant at the time of the survey, the bulk of the participants were between the ages of 18 to 34 with only 22.5% of them within the age of 35 – 49 years. From this study, women in Karu village were identified to have high level of general knowledge regarding MTCT and PMTCT of HIV but in-depth knowledge of both is still insufficient among a large group of women. Health workers and mass media were identified as key sources of information regarding MTCT and PMTCT of HIV and majority of women have favourable attitude towards PMTCT interventions but practices of these interventions is still relatively low.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Ongeveer 34 miljoen mense is wêreldwyd aangetas deur MIV, waarvan 52% vroue is (UNAIDS, 2011). Hiervan is ongeveer 3.4 miljoen na bewering kinders onder die ouderdom van 15 jaar. Tot 90% van hierdie infeksie by kinders kom in sub-Sahara-Afrika voor. Nigerië, die digsbevolkte staat in sub-Sahara-Afrika, dra tot 30% van die globale las van moeder-tot-kind-oordrag van MIV, wat ’n groot bron van infeksie onder kinders is. Volgens die Federale Ministerie van Gesondheid 2010 ANC-opnameverslag het die land ’n voorkomssyfer van 4.1%. Die Federal Capital Territory (FCT), waar die dorp Karu geleë is, is as 5de van die 36 state in Nigerië geklassifiseer met ’n voorkomssyfer van 8.7%. Die stedelike voorkomssyfer is 8.6% teenoor die landelike voorkomssyfer van 8.2%. ’n Ondersoekende, beskrywende studie is uitgevoer onder vroue van vrugbare leeftyd (18 tot 49 jaar) wat in die dorp Karu, Abuja, FCT, Noord-sentrale Nigerië, woon. ’n Halfgestruktureerde vraelys is ontwerp om die kennis, houdings en voorkomingspraktyke van moeder-tot-kind-oordrag (MTCT) van MIV te beoordeel. Dit is deur die navorser toegepas op 120 vroue van vrugbare leeftyd wat in die dorp Karu woon nadat hul toestemming daartoe verkry is. Die studie het ’n etiese oorsig en goedkeuring van die FCT mensenavorsing-etiekkomitee by die Departement van Gesondheid van die federale hoofstad se ontwikkelingsagentskap en die Universiteit Stellenbosch se etiekkomitee ontvang. Bevindings van die 120 vroue wat ingestem het om deel te neem het getoon dat 28.33% toereikende kennis gehad het van hoe MTCT kan voorkom, met 77% wat onvoldoende kennis gehad het van hoe MTCT voorkom. Van hulle het 51.67% genoegsame kennis gehad van hoe PMTCT verkry kan word, terwyl 48.33% nie oor hierdie kennis beskik het nie. Van die deelnemers wat waargeneem is, was 89.17% al swanger, terwyl 24.17% tydens die opname swanger was. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers was tussen 18 en 34 jaar oud, met slegs 22.5% wat in die ouderdomsgroep 35 – 49 jaar geval het. Uit hierdie studie het geblyk dat vroue van die dorp Karu geïdentifiseer is as mense wat ’n hoë vlak van algemene kennis omtrent MTCT en PMTCT van MIV gehad het, maar dieptekennis van albei sake is steeds ontoereikend by ’n groot groep vroue. Gesondheidswerkers en die massamedia is geïdentifiseer as sleutelbronne van kennis oor MTCT en PMTCT van MIV en die meeste vroue het ’n gunstige houding teenoor PMTCT-intervensies, maar die toepassing van hierdie intervensies is nog betreklik laag.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The present dissertation investigates the conversion process of current and former PCC members to the Pentecostalism, in the Eastern area of São Paulo City. Our approach is to analyze a case study, through the journey of Kadu , brother in the church and also brother in the PCC party. The conversion trajectory of Kadu to the Pentecostalism will be seen through a new religious conversion paradigm. In that approach, the conversion is the result of a slow, gradual and not-immediate process, accompanied by numbers of crisis, as shown by a great deal of the religious conversion writings. Kadu´s conversion was not followed by the rupture/asceticism binomial; on the opposite, we could verify continuities along the former network, the PCC. This dual brotherhood is the main focus point of the research. Kadu also open some doors for the analyses of engaging networks existing in the Vila Leste neighborhood and its moral entrepreneurs. In the region of Vila Leste, Pentecostalism and PCC are entangled, and this reality will be analyzed in this work
A presente dissertação investiga o processo de conversão de membros e ex-membros do PCC ao pentecostalismo, no extremo Leste de São Paulo. Nossa proposta é realizar um estudo de caso a partir da trajetória de Kadu, irmão da igreja e também irmão do PCC. A trajetória da conversão de Kadu ao pentecostalismo será observada a partir de um novo paradigma de conversão religiosa. Nesta, a conversão é resultado de um processo lento, gradual e não imediato, e acompanhado de crises conforme mostrará boa parte da literatura sobre sua conversão religiosa. A conversão de Kadu não foi acompanhada pelo binômio rupturas e ascetismo; pelo contrário, verificamos continuidades com a rede anterior, o PCC. Essa sua dupla irmandade é o objeto central desta pesquisa. Kadu também nos abre as portas para analisarmos as redes de engajamento existentes na Vila Leste e seus empreendedores morais. Na Vila Leste, pentecostais e PCC interpenetram-se, e essa realidade será analisada neste estudo

This thesis is about the life and language of kardu kigay – young Aboriginal men in the town of Wadeye, northern Australia. Kigay have attained some notoriety within Australia for their participation in “heavy metal gangs”, which periodically cause havoc in the town. But within Australianist linguistics circles, they are additionally known for speaking Murrinh Patha, a polysynthetic language that has a number of unique grammatical structures, and which is one of the few Aboriginal languages still being learnt by children. My core interest is to understand how people’s lives shape their language, and how their language shapes their lives. In this thesis these interests are focused around the following research goals: (1) To document the social structures of kigay’s day-­‐to-­‐day lives, including the subcultural “metal gang” dimension of their sociality; (2) To document the language that kigay speak, focusing in particular in aspects of their speech that differ from what has been documented in previous descriptions of Murrinh Patha; (3) To analyse which features of kigay speech might be socially salient linguistic markers, and which are more likely to reflect processes of grammatical change that run below the level of social or cognitive salience; (4) To analyse how kigay speech compares to other youth Aboriginal language varieties documented in northern Australia, and argue that together these can be described as a phenomenon of linguistic urbanisation. I will show that the “heavy metal gangs” are an idiosyncratic local subculture that uses foreign heavy metal bands as group totems. Social connections and loyalties are formed on the basis of peer solidarity, as opposed to the traditional iv totemic system, which is structured around ancestry. Lives are now shaped by the dense (and often conflict-­‐riven) town environment, as opposed to bush life, which was inseparable from the land. Kigay’s in-­‐group language is a “slang” variety of Murrinh Patha (MP), which deploys new words and phrases by borrowing and reinterpreting English vocabulary. It is also characterised by substantial lenitions and deletions in the pronunciation. The MP grammatical system still underlies this speech, but some of its more complex morphosyntactic forms are restricted to the “heavy” speech of older people, and there are various mergers and reconfigurations occurring in the verb morphology. This thesis adds to the growing body of work describing how language contact and changing sociolinguistic dynamics are radically restructuring the linguistic repertoire of Aboriginal communities in northern and central Australia. At the same time, it is one of very few studies providing sociolinguistic description of a polysynthetic language, and is therefore an innovative study in polysynthetic sociolinguistics.

This thesis which is called "The Paderborn epic of Charlemagne" aims especially at translating the epic poem, whose author is medieval poet Angilbert (750 - 814 AD). The work consist of 536 hexametric verses and has not yet been translated to Czech. The thesis is divided into two main parts - the historical and the literáty one. The first part pays attention to the main character of the epic - Charlemagne - including his private life, political career and in particular his role as a ruler. The second part, apart from translating the work, aims at identifying and analyzing literary sources, which Angilbert used as his inspiration. The peculiarities of Angilbert´s metre are also discussed here.

碩士
國立中山大學
資訊管理學系研究所
89
It is no doubt that the Internet has transformed the way enterprises doing business fundamentally. People even pointed that e-commerce is the next Industrial Revolution. How to take the advantages of the Internet has propagated all over the whole world. Facing the intensely competitive environment and the getting higher turnover rate of the sales representatives, KaoDu Motor, Ltd. is exploring the solutions. Due to the prosperous growth of e-commerce, the issue of how to fully take the advantages of the Internet has become very critical to KaoDu Motor Ltd. This purpose of this research is to explore what e-commerce strategies and applications that KaoDu should develop in order to get more competitive advantages by taking the advantages of the Internet. After reviewing the automobile industrial environment, the SWOT analysis was done for KaoDu. Through SWOT analysis, the weakness, strength, opportunities and threats that KaoDu has were summarized. Giving KaoDu’s goals, seven e-commerce strategies were developed based on the results of SWOT analysis. For each strategy, many e-commerce applications have been identified. In addition, in order to let the e-commerce strategies and applications be realized successfully, several other strategies, such as alliance, business process reengineering and on-job training, have been identified too. So far, part of the strategies and applications has been implemented and there are several positive results reported.

The Mesosaurus Inland Sea covered, in the Late Paleozoic, vast areas (~5 Mio km2) of the SW-Gondwanan continental interior. Major depocentres are represented by the Karoo basins of SW-Africa and the Paraná Basin in South America. These areas were interconnected prior to the break-up of Gondwana and the subsequent opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. In Namibia and South Africa deposits of the Mesosaurus Inland Sea are preserved in the successions of the glacial Dwyka Group and the postglacial Ecca Group (Karoo Supergroup). These deposits comprise the major part of a 60-70 Ma depositional cycle and are the main focus of this study. The large-scale transgressive part of this cycle started in the Late Carboniferous with continental glacial deposits followed by marine glacial and postglacial inland sea deposits. During the Early Permian the Mesosaurus Inland Sea reached its greatest extent, which was accompanied by widespread deposition of Corg-rich sediments. The large scale regressive part is recorded by successions ranging from deep water offshore pelites and turbidite sandstones to shallow water shoreface and deltaic sandstones, deposited in a brackish environment. Shallow water inland sea sediments are in turn overlain by fluvio-lacustrine deposits, which are assigned to the Beaufort Group and form the upper part of the cycle. This successive change in the depositional environment from marine to brackish to freshwater is also reflected in the fossil record. During Dwyka times a marine association of the Gondwana faunal province was able to colonize parts of the Mesosaurus Inland Sea. Later, during lower Ecca times, the connection to the Panthalassan Ocean became insufficient to retain normal marine conditions, leading to strong faunal endemism in an isolated and brackish inland sea environ¬ment. The most well-known and widespread representatives of this endemic fauna are mesosaurid vertebrates and megadesmid bivalves. Numerous altered tuffs occur as interlayers within argillaceous sediments of the Dwyka and Ecca Group of southern Namibia. The vast majority of these altered tuffs are represented by soft and crumbly to hard and indurated, clay-mineral-rich, bentonitic layers. Another, much rarer type is represented by very hard, chert-like tuff layers, which are predominantly albitic in composition. Furthermore, tuff layers within the Gai-As Formation of the Huab area are rich in potassium feldspar and have a porcelain-like appearance. The diagenetically modified matrix is mainly crypto- to microcrystalline. Polished tuff specimen show, in some tuffs, plane lamination or bedding with two or more subunits forming a tuff layer. Some display a weakly developed lamination. Only in very rare cases were structures reminiscent of sedimentary micro-cross lamination observed. The sedimentary textures and structures of the tuffs indicate that they have been deposited mainly as distal ash-fall layers by suspension settling in water. Some may have also been deposited or modified under the influence of weak bottom currents. The primary, pyroclastic macro-components of the tuffs are mainly represented by crystals of quartz, plagio¬clase, and biotite. In some thin sections pseudo¬morphs after pyroxene or hornblende were observed. Euhedral zircon and apatite crystals were observed in almost every tuff. Vitric or formerly vitric macro-components are very rare. The matrix of the majority of the investigated tuffs is predominantly composed of clay minerals. However, the matrix of the tuffs originally consisted most probably of fine vitric ash particles. Soon after deposition the volcanic ash was diagenetically altered to smectitic clay minerals. At a later stage smectite was progressively replaced by illite under prograde conditions. Nowadays the matrix of the bentonitic tuffs is strongly illite-dominated and only in the softer tuff layers a minor smectite content can be detected. Both the primary macrocrystic components as well as the geochemistry of the altered tuffs indicate that their source magmas were mainly of intermediate composition. The abundance of splintery quartz and feldspar crystal fragments within the tuffs hints at a highly explosive plinian or phreatoplinian eruption style of the source volcanoes, which were most probably located within a subduction-related volcanic arc region along the southern margin of Gondwana. New single zircon U-Pb SHRIMP datings of tuff layers provide a much more reliable age control of the investigated sedimentary succession. U-Pb SHRIMP ages for tuff layers from the glaciogenic Dwyka Group in southwestern Africa range from 302.0 ± 3.0 to 297.1 ± 1.8 Ma. The basal part of the early post-glacial Prince Albert Formation is dated at around 290 Ma. SHRIMP ages for tuff layers from the upper part of the Prince Albert Formation, the Whitehill Formation, and the middle part of the Collingham Formation indicate that the Mesosaurus Sea reached its greatest extent at around 280 Ma
Während des Spätpaläozoikums waren riesige Areale (~5 Mio km2) Südwest-Gondwanas vom Mesosaurus Inlandmeer bedeckt. Die Karoo Becken Südwest-Afrikas sowie das Paraná Becken Südamerikas stellen dabei die Hauptablagerungsbereiche dar. Diese Gebiete waren vor dem Auseinanderbrechen Gondwanas und der darauf folgenden Öffnung des Südatlantiks miteinander verbunden. In Namibia und Südafrika sind die Ablagerungen des Mesosaurus Inlandmeeres in den Abfolgen der glazialen Dwyka Gruppe und der postglazialen Ecca Gruppe überliefert. Diese Sedimente umfassen den größten Teil eines etwa 60-70 Ma langen Ablagerungszyklus. Der transgressive Teil dieses Zyklus begann im späten Karbon mit der Ablagerung von kontinentalen Glazialsedimenten, auf die marine Glazial- und Post-Glazialablagerungen des Mesosaurus Inlandmeeres folgten. Während des frühen Perms erreichte dieses Inlandmeer seine größte Ausdehnung. Der regressive Teil ist durch Abfolgen gekennzeichnet, die von Tiefsee-Peliten und Turbiditen zu Küsten- und Delta-Sandsteinen reichen, welche in einem brackischem Milieu abgelagert wurden. Auf die Flachwasser-Sedimente dieses Inlandmeeres folgen fluvial-lakustrine Ablagerungen, die in die Beaufort Gruppe gestellt werden und die den oberen Teil des Ablagerungszyklus bilden. Diese Wechsel in den Ablagerungsmilieus von Salzwasser über Brackwasser zu Süßwasser spiegeln sich auch in den Fossilfunden wider. Zur Zeit der Dwyka konnten marine Vertreter der Gondwana-Faunenprovinz Teile des Mesosaurus Inlandmeeres besiedeln. Später, während der frühen Ecca-Zeit, konnten die marinen Bedingungen aufgrund der stark eingeschränkten Verbindung zum Panthalassischen Ozean nicht aufrecht erhalten werden, was schließlich zu einem ausgeprägten Faunen-Endemismus in einem nahezu abgeschnittenen Brackwasser-Inlandmeer führte. Die bekanntesten Vertreter dieser endemischen Fauna sind mesosauride Wirbeltiere und megadesmide Muscheln. In der Dwyka und Ecca Gruppe treten im südlichen Namibia zahlreiche alterierte Tuffe als Zwischenlagen auf. Die überwiegende Anzahl dieser Tuffe bilden tonmineralreiche, bentonitische Lagen. Sie können sowohl weich und bröckelig als auch stärker verfestigt und härter ausgebildet sein. Ein viel seltenerer Typ ist durch harte, chert-artige, albitische Tufflagen gekennzeichnet. Desweiteren treten in der Gai-As Formation des Huab Gebietes porzellanartige, weiße Tufflagen auf, die reich an Kalifeldspat sind. Die diagenetisch veränderte Matrix der Tuffe ist hauptsächlich krypto- bis mikrokristallin. Polierte Handstücke lassen in einigen Fällen Horizontal-Schichtung oder eine oft undeutliche Lamination erkennen. Die Sedimentgefüge der Tuffe lassen darauf schliessen, daß diese hauptsächlich subaquatische Suspensionsablagerungen distalen Aschenfalls darstellen. Einige wenige können auch unter dem Einfluss schwacher Bodenströmungen ab- oder umgelagert worden sein. Quarz-, Plagioklas- und Biotitkristalle bilden den Hauptteil der primären, pyroklastischen Makrokomponenten der Tuffe. In einigen Dünnschliffen konnten auch Pseudomorphosen nach Pyroxen oder Hornblende beobachtet werden. Idiomorphe Zirkon- und Apatitkristalle wurden in nahezu jedem Tuff beobachtet. Glasige oder entglaste Makrokomponenten sind dagegen sehr selten. Die Matrix der meisten untersuchten Tuffe ist überwiegend aus Tonmineralen aufgebaut. Ursprünglich setzte sich die Matrix der Tuffe jedoch wahrscheinlich aus feinkörnigen, glasigen Aschenpartikeln zusammen, die schon bald nach Ablagerung diagenetisch zu smektitischen Tonmineralen umgewandelt wurden. Zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt wurde dann Smektit zunehmend von Illit unter höhergradigen Bedingungen verdrängt. Heute ist die Matrix der bentonitischen Tuffe stark Illit-dominiert und nur in den weicheren Tufflagen lassen sich noch geringe Smektitgehalte nachweisen. Sowohl die primär-pyroklastischen Makrokristallkomponenten als auch die Geochemie der alterierten Tuffe weisen darauf hin, daß ihre Ursprungsmagmen hauptsächlich von intermediärer Zusammensetzung waren. Das zahlreiche Auftreten von splittrigen Quarz- und Feldspat-Kristallfragmenten weist auf einen hochexplosiven, plinianischen oder phreatoplinianischen Eruptionsstil der Herkunftsvulkane hin, die höchstwahrscheinlich in einer vulkanischen Bogenregion am Südrand Gondwanas gelegen waren. Neue U-Pb Einzelzirkon SHRIMP-Datierungen von vulkanischen Aschenlagen ermöglichen nun eine wesentlich verlässlichere Alterskontrolle der untersuchten Sedimentabfolge. U-Pb SHRIMP-Alter für Tufflagen aus der glazialgeprägten Dwyka Gruppe aus Südnamibia und SW-Südafrika reichen von 302.0 ± 3.0 to 297.1 ± 1.8 Ma. Der Basalbereich der früh-postglazialen Prince Albert Formation ist auf etwa 290 Ma datiert. SHRIMP-Alter von Tufflagen im oberen Bereich der Prince Albert Formation, innerhalb der Whitehill Formation und im mittleren Teil der Collingham Formation belegen, daß das Mesosaurus Inlandmeer seine größte Ausdehnung vor etwa 280 Ma erreichte

The Karku unconformity-type uranium deposit is located in the Proterozoic Pasha-Ladoga Basin in western Russia. The deposit is located in basinal sandstones near a reverse fault that offsets the unconformable contact with underlying graphite-bearing biotite schist basement rocks. Meteoric water-sourced diagenetic fluids altered sandstones outside mineralized zones, producing clay assemblages of interstratified illite-smectite with minor dickite and Fe-rich chlorite, and fluid isotopic compositions of d18O = 3.3‰ to 6.0‰ and dD = -55‰ to -44‰ at 130°C. Altered sandstones within zones of mineralization include a clay mineral assemblage of Fe-rich chlorite with minor illite, and fluid isotopic compositions of d18O = 6.0‰ to 12.7‰ and dD = -8‰ to -4‰ at 210°C, caused by seawater-derived fluids related to ore formation. In addition, a Mg-chlorite occurring with uraninite in the mineralized lenses was identified. Dating of Karku uraninite using U/Pb isotope systematics from LA-MC-ICP-MS, LA-HR-ICP-MS, and SIMS gave upper-intercept ages of 1467 ± 39 Ma, 1459 ± 74 Ma, and 1302 ± 150 Ma respectively. The lower-intercept age of all methods was around 300 Ma. A formation model for the Karku uranium deposit is proposed based on the results of this study and incorporating previously published. Early, low-temperature diagenesis resulted in cementation of distal, basin-marginal sandstones by mixed-layer illite-smectite clays, preventing later, higher-temperature diagenetic alteration in this unit. Sandstones towards the centre of the basin allowed the circulation of higher-temperature basinal fluids that later flowed along the unconformity to the graphitic schist unit. A fault intersecting this unit facilitated the mixing of basement and basinal fluids, causing uraninite to precipitate at the unconformity.
Thesis (Master, Geological Sciences & Geological Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2012-09-12 17:10:28.124

The aim of the dissertation is to analyze the system of providing and financing social services and to assess to what extent the introduction of a voucher system through social systems cards contribute to the effectiveness of the financing of social services. To achieve this objective we chose a combination of three sociological methods - qualitative research method based on secondary data analysis, questionnaire survey among persons with dependent children who have been granted an allowance for care and in-depth interviews with experts from amongst the selected branches of labor offices, regional and municipal authorities and from the field of social services providers. The theoretical part is devoted to the characterization of the financing of social services in our country. Based on the analysis of available statistical data, it is demonstrated that the current system of providing and financing social services is inefficient and it is therefore necessary to find new elements that would contribute to the stabilization especially in the area of financing in order to create the necessary to create conditions for ensuring the optimal form of security needs of the person relies on the provision of social services. It indicates (based on the characteristics of foreign experience) that one of the ways to increase the effectiveness of the financing of social services is the introduction of a voucher system. In relation with the implementation of social reforms after 2008, our country decided to introduce a social systems card, which can be understood as an electronic payment voucher, i.e. as a tool, which leads to expansion of yet provided services in social benefits and to increase user comfort. A similar system has been introduced in the past and is still used in many European countries such as Italy, the UK or Finland. Currently, the Czech Republic is the only country in Europe where care allowance is paid only in cash and care allowance is not often used to provide the necessary social services. One way to prevent this is a transition into non-cash benefits payment. One of these options is to use the voucher system, which ensures that the funds earmarked for the provision of social services, will also be in this area actually inserted. The form of benefit payment for care has changed within the implementation of social reforms. Since its payment by postal order was, in early 2012, accede to payment under the cashless payment cards through social systems. This form of distribution, however, wasn't met with a positive response, and it was subsequently decided to cancel the card and return to the original form of payment of the allowance for care and all non-insurance social benefits. This has led to the fact that the original goal of my work - to assess to what extent the introduction of a voucher system through cards social systems contribute to the effectiveness of the financing of social services - failed to fully implement. In summary, it is clear that the current system of financing social services is inefficient, and therefore it will be necessary - particularly in relation to expected demographic trends - to fundamentally change it. Re-introduction of non-cash forms of benefit payment for care can be regarded as one of the tools that could enhance the efficiency of provision and funding of social services. However, it is necessary to learn from the mistakes that have been implemented in the past period of time, emphasis on timely, quality and positive information campaign with an emphasis on explaining the benefits of the new system of social benefits, correct timing of the various steps of the solution and in advance of this solution to acquaint the general population.

The thesis shows the image of the Commonwealth during the first three free elections through the eyes of diplomacy of Philip II of Habsburg (1573-1589). Political events related to the Spanish involvement in the first free elections are only a background of the work. The aim is to present the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in a wider perspective than ever before. As a whole system, in its social, structural and civilization dimension. Therefore, the adopted approach is related to cultural studies than history, as it creates more opportunities to show the vision of the Other. On a bases of Spanish diplomatic correspondence the process of perceiving and the image is being analyzed. The emphasis was put on feelings and judgments associated with a different political culture and its values. The choice of the Spanish vision was due to the fact that their picture is special because of the way of seeing and the circumstances in which they had to operate. It was a group of diplomats, professionals, mostly without previous experience in dealing with the Commonwealth, unexpectedly they had to deal with the Polish-Lithuanian reality. As the elite of the Spanish monarchy they were aware of the existence of many cultures and socio-political orders as well. For nearly twenty years, Spanish officials in Madrid and in various diplomatic posts in Europe tried to see and recognize the reality of the noble republic. For this reason, their characteristics of the Commonwealth puts an important light on the place of the Republic in Europe and the practical consequences of its differences from the other European states. The thesis has an unusual structure and questionnaire. In 5 problems - chapters shows 5 perspectives of perceiving. Gradually, from the headquarters in Madrid, the European space to the Republic, until the final civilizational image. In each chapter are showed: the tools of Spanish diplomacy to get information concerning the Commonwealth; Spanish political strategy towards Commonwealth; different forms of contacts of the Spanish diplomats with Polish and Lithuanian citizens; reconstruction of the Commonwealth based on diplomats feelings, judgments; at the end - the civilizational image of the Republic as well as it criteria. In addition, each chapter and subchapter has a chronological order. To check whether the Spaniards changed their opinions, with each experience, or on the contrary, they were repeating the same conclusions that were leading to the construction of the stereotype of the Commonwealth. The work resigns from the study of Spanish-polish relations at the state convention, bilateral, and limited to one area of research. Conclusions resulted from the adoption of such a perspective differ from the opinions known in humanities so far. Philip II and his officials saw the world from the perspective of the empire. Philip II had the whole world in his mind. He operated with big units, not the state categories, especially to the remote Republic, not connected in any way with Spain. It was a vision of a ruler who felt himself a missionary of Christianity in the world. He divided the world into spheres of influence, infidel enemies and allies. Equal to him, he considered a powerful Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. The Commonwealth as a smaller unit, was not an object of his interest in itself, but a half-measure at achieving larger goals, the fulfillment of earthly mission of Philip II. As a result of such a perspective Philip II and his diplomats did not take a trouble to understand the specifics of the Commonwealth. They saw it through their mentality and their own criteria for assessing the socio-political system. In a consequence clasched two political cultures and distinct systems of values. The court political culture and the republican one, kings subjects and free citizens. Nearly twenty years of struggles to gain the Commonwealths throne had led the to the belief that it was a country without its own statehood, an anarchy deliberately maintained by the Turks. A different civilization, not Turkish, but on the Turkish sphere of influence. From their perspective nobles were enslaved and intimidated by the Sultan. The rejection of the candidature of the Archduke Ernest, was understood as a rejection of the proposal to join to a block of free, catholic countries. During the first election adopted Turkish candidacy - Henry Valois, on the next they selected Turkish vassal, the Stefan Batory The choice of a Swedish prince also ensured the status quo on the territory of Central and Eastern Europe. The consequences of this image were wider and more extensive in time than the analyzed period. It is difficult to say when, or if, this image changed. This requires further research. The presented approach explains, however, the state of Spanish-Polish relations in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, both political and cultural (recovery of the Neapolitan sums, a plan to block a grain trade in the Baltic, antiswedish alliance of Vasa with the Habsburgs, the image of the Republic in the works of Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Calderon). It also put in another light the understanding of the partitions of the Commonwealth by the western powers. The consequences of the image of the Commonwealth as a foreign civilization, an alien sphere of influence, can be seen even nowadays as western academics do not include this to their works on international relations and above all they do not see its differences and specifics.
W rozprawie pokazano Rzeczpospolitą okresu pierwszych trzech wolnych elekcji oczami dyplomacji Filipa II Habsburga (1573-1589). Wydarzenia polityczne związane z zaangażowaniem Filipa II w pierwsze wolne elekcje, są tylko tłem pracy. Celem jest przedstawienie państwa polsko-litewskiego w wymiarze szerszym niż dotychczas, jako całość ustrojowo-społeczną i cywilizację. Z tego względu przyjęto perspektywę kulturoznawczą pracy. Stwarza ona szerokie możliwości przedstawienia widzenia Innego. Na podstawie hiszpańskiej korespondencji dyplomatycznej zbadano sposobu widzenia i proces powstawania wyobrażenia. Nacisk położono na analizę odczuć i sądów związanych z odmienną kulturą polityczną i tworzącymi ją wartościami. Wybór Hiszpańskiej wizji Rzeczpospolitej wynikał z faktu, że ich obraz jest szczególny z powodu sposobu patrzenia i okoliczności, w których działali. To grupa dyplomatów, profesjonalistów, na ogół bez doświadczenia we wcześniejszych kontaktach z Rzeczpospolitą, nie skażeni sąsiedzkimi stereotypami, nieoczekiwanie zderzają się z rzeczywistością polsko-litewską. Poza tym jako elita monarchii hiszpańskiej mieli świadomość istnienia wielu kultur i porządków ustrojowo-społecznych. Przez blisko dwadzieścia lat, hiszpańscy urzędnicy w Madrycie oraz w różnych placówkach dyplomatycznych Europy próbowali zobaczyć i rozpoznać rzeczywistość Rzeczypospolitej szlacheckiej. Z tego powodu ich charakterystyka Rzeczpospolitej rzuca istotne światło na miejsce Rzeczpospolitej w Europie i na praktyczne konsekwencje jej odmienności ustrojowo-społecznej. W pracy zastosowano nietypową konstrukcję pracy i kwestionariusz pytań. W 5 problemach - rozdziałach, przeanalizowano 5 płaszczyzn widzenia. Stopniowo, od centrali w Madrycie, przez przestrzeń Europejską do Rzeczpospolitej, aż do finałowego wyobrażenia cywilizacyjnego. Zbadano różne płaszczyzny obiegu informacji poświęconych Polsce w systemie dyplomatycznym Hiszpanii; przedstawiono jako interes polski plasował się na tle celów strategicznych polityki Filipa II. Prześledzono stopnień rzeczywistego poznania mieszkańców Rzeczpospolitej i jaki sposób w jaki próbowano do nich dotrzeć; na podstawie zestawu cech najbardziej podkreślanych przez Hiszpanów zrekonstruowano wyobrażony świat Rzeczpospolitej; tytułem zakończenia przedstawiono wyobrażenie państwa polsko-litewskiego w kontekście różnic cywilizacyjnych Rzeczpospolitej od świata znanego dyplomatom Filipa II. Dodatkowo każdy rozdział i podrozdział ma układ chronologiczny. Wnioski z przyjęcia takiej perspektywy są odmienne od przyjętych dotychczas w nauce. Filip II i jego urzędnicy postrzegali świat z perspektywy imperium. Taki sposób widzenia świata, polegał na tym, że Filip II obejmował cały świat. Operował wielkimi jednostkami, nie kategoriami państwowymi. To widzenie władcy, który czuł się powołany do krzewienia chrześcijaństwa w świecie. Dzielił świat na strefy wpływów, niewiernych wrogów i sojuszników. Równym sobie widział potężnego sułtana imperium tureckiego. Rzeczpospolita, jako mniejsza jednostka, nie stanowiła przedmiotu zainteresowania samego w sobie, lecz półśrodek do osiągniecia większych celów, wypełnienia ziemskiej misji Filipa II. W związku z takim sposobem patrzenia dyplomaci Filipa II nie podejmowali trudu zrozumienia specyfiki Rzeczpospolitej. Postrzegali ją przez pryzmat swojej mentalności i własnych kryteriów oceny społeczno-ustrojowej. Doszło do zderzenia ludzi dwóch kultur politycznych i odrębnych systemów wartości. Kultury dworu i republiki; poddanych króla i wolnych obywateli. Blisko dwudziestoletnie doświadczenia elekcyjne utwierdzały Hiszpanów w przekonaniu, że to kraj bez własnej państwowości, anarchia celowo utrzymywana przez Turka. Kraj obcy cywilizacyjnie. Nie turecki, ale w tureckiej strefie wpływów. Z perspektywy hiszpańskiej szlachta była zniewolona i zastraszona przez sułtana. Odrzucanie kandydatury arcyksięcia Ernesta, rozumiano jako odrzucanie oferty znalezienia się w bloku państw wolnych, katolickich. Podczas pierwszej elekcji przyjęto turecką kandydaturę – Henryka Walezego, podczas drugiej – wybrano lennika tureckiego, Stefana Batorego, podczas trzeciej znów nie udało się zmienić przynależności cywilizacyjnej Polski. Wybór księcia szwedzkiego również gwarantował status quo na terytorium Europy środkowo-wschodniej. Konsekwencje tego wyobrażenia były dużo szersze i rozleglejsze w czasie, niż analizowany okres pierwszych elekcji. Trudno powiedzieć kiedy i czy w ogóle zmienia się taki wizerunek Rzeczpospolitej. To wymaga badań. Zaprezentowane ujęcie tłumaczy fiasko hiszpańsko-polskich planów politycznych w XVI i XVII stuleciu, a także wizerunek Rzeczpospolitej w utworach Cervantesa, Lope de Vegi, Calderona. W innym świetle stawia też rozumienie rozbiorów Rzeczpospolitej przez mocarstwa zachodnie. Być może konsekwencje widzenia Rzeczpospolitej jako obcej cywilizacyjnie strefy wpływów są widoczne współcześnie, w pracach hispanistów zachodnich, którzy nie dostrzegają jej w badaniach europejskich relacji międzynarodowych, tym bardziej jej odmienności i specyfiki.