Дисертації з теми "Jeux de hasard – France – Sociologie"
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Martignoni-Hutin, Jean-Pierre. "Jeux, joueurs, espaces de jeu et formes ludiques : sociologie de certains jeux de hasard et d'argent (paris hippiques de chevaux, loteries, machines à sous ...)." Lyon 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO20007.
Повний текст джерелаAGames of chance and gambling ( such as backing horses, raffles, slot machines represent an important phenomen in our society. A sociological analysis which connects the objective data of socially discriminated gaming procedures with the connotations involved in the act of gambling shows that such games reactivate behaviours in which belief, specific rationalities and peculiar symbolizations intertwine. If indeed different types prevail among the range of the observed behaviours and representations ( notably the purpose of winning money, or the superstitions attitude towards chance) the gambler's conduct reveals a more essential quest which allows the link between the practice of ordinary game and that of the subject's existential game face to the world and the human condition. At the same time, if a historical approach forbids us to impute the present gaming inflation to strictly circumstantial causes, we are witnessing a particular setting up which brings about a new definition of the notion of game
Trespeuch, Marie. "Le secteur français des jeux d’argent à l’heure numérique : émergence et transformation d’un marché contesté." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011DENS0011.
Повний текст джерелаHistorically in France, PMU (Pari Mutuel Urbain), the casinos and Française des Jeux have exclusive rights to operate gambling and betting on horse racing and sports events. This dissertation thesis deals with both the moral justifications, the social structure and the fiscal devices that led to monopolies (part 1), but also with changes brought about by the arrival of Internet gambling (part 2). We show that some web entrepreneurs appeared in the 1990’s, have gradually contested the unstable equilibria constructed in the twentieth century. Building on the European Treaty, these actors have raised the question of the legitimacy of exclusive rights held by the incumbents, whom have had therefore to review their strategies to maintain their dominant position. The liberalization of the french online gambling sector in May 2010 - treated in the last part - came after a period of criticism of the role of the French state in managing the sector (by online challengers, the European Commission, public health concerned actors ...) and is the result of technological, legal and economic evolutions but also of a transformation of representations in respect of gambling. The dissertation tries to enlighten all these complex interactions to finally answer two main questions :- Market liberalization is it synonymous with a weakening of legal and moral rules that organize the market?- What role has played technology innovation in the transformation of the French gambling market?
Piedallu, Jeanne. "Le jeu sous contrôle : analyse sociologique des formes de régulations à l'oeuvre dans la pratique contemporaine du poker en France." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05H029.
Повний текст джерелаThe present dissertation offers an analysis of the various regulations at work in contemporary poker whilst it is currently undergoing profound transformations, both technical (expansion of internet playing since the 90’s) and legal (liberalization of the online gambling market in 2010). Through the notions of liberty and control, we endeavor to uncover and compare the different manners through which poker players, their representatives and institutions take part in the social regulation of a hobby related activity. We have identified and analyzed three different contexts of merchandised poker playing: underground “real-card” games; online and illegal games; and online and legal ones. Our principal aim is thus to investigate the evolution of a traditional form of hobby in the Internet era. Data has been gathered through a socio-anthropological approach, both inductive and qualitative. The results of the dynamic analysis of transgression and regulation mechanisms indicate that poker players (either individuals or groups) seek either to play with the rules – at a micro-social scale – or to play on the rules – at a macro-social scale. Moreover, our results show that the different forms of regulation (formal, informal, endogenous and exogenous) and their coexistence depend on both the legal (legal vs. illegal) and technical (online vs. offline) contexts of poker playing
Amadieu, Thomas. "Sociologie des jeux de hasard. Croyances et rationalité." Thesis, Paris 4, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA040187.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis intends to provide explanation to the consumption of gambling including its most extreme forms, in spite of the transgression of norms framing the uses of free time and money that contribute to the vision of the phenomenon as irrational and illegitimate. The research is based on interviews with gamblers in Paris (n=51), quantitative data and the analysis of gambling carriers of gamblers, treated in the Nantes addiction center (n=84). The ambition of this work is to show that gamblers conceive their activity as an alternative mean of enrichment in a context of restricted opportunities. Their actions are composed with voluntary risk-taking allowing to regain a sense of control over their future. Excessive consumptions, labeled nowadays as brain-diseases or weaknesses of will, are in reality the result of the shortening of time-perceptions due to precariousness and degradation of living conditions of the dependent person. The addicted gambler is driven into an attitude of a permanent seeker of short term solutions that allow him to gain access to wellness. Gambling appears to represent an escape from frustration or insecurity. This fact invalidates the psycho-medical conception that legitimates the gambling market by imposing new norms of “responsible” gambling
Valin, Audrey. "Le hasard en sociologie : autour des pratiques quotidiennes des jeux d'aléa." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA1024/document.
Повний текст джерелаChance is a classic and recurring theme in social sciences but does not really, by itself, constitute a sociological research topic. The term is generally used in the study of other subjects. For instance, fields such as the “sociology of risks” moved the issue of chance forward by using it in analyses, but these fields do not focus research on chance by itself. To understand the reasons for this, this study views chance as a sociological subject, and investigates it from its theoretical and empirical perspectives. The objective is to discover its usefulness in society, for the members and institutions which form that society, in order to expose the functions of chance.In order to achieve this, the first part of the study explores the different fields of knowledge which study chance in their respective theories, using a multidisciplinary logic (philosophy, mathematics, physics, biology, economics, anthropology and sociology.) Then, a specific field is selected to report ways of living this random and practice chance in everyday life. Because of their popularity, games of chance are studied in a second part of related investigations conducted in the three traditional sectors of games of chance in France: “Française des Jeux” (“French Games,”) casinos, and “Pari Mutuel Urbain” (“Urban Pari-Mutuel Betting.”) In going back-and-forth between theoretical and empirical research, the role of chance is finally understood: both in concept and as a motivation to act, chance is part of an imaginary dynamic that appears in its representations. A third section analyzes this process of creating and understanding the social world by linking the knowledge gained during the previous two parts. Finally, the place and the role of random in our contemporary society are better understood
Darracq, Jean-Baptiste. "L'Etat et le jeu : étude de droit français." Lyon 2, 2005. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2005/darracq_jb.
Повний текст джерелаThe definition of gambling implies the use of subjective criteria straight inspired by the judgement passed by the law on this particular form of speculation. Even if gambling and its exploitation are considered as socially useless, immoral, dangerous and possible source of crime, they are tolerated for public order reasons. So, gambling business is “moralized” by the State which guarantees its regularity and makes it contribute to the financing of public interest activities. Although the ECCJ considers that this system affects the economic freedoms guaranteed by the EC Treaty, the Court accepts it provided that the limitation of gambling supply and the safeguard of consumers are the real aims of the policy of the member States, the community financial interest being only an “incidental beneficent consequence” of that policy. Subjected to an “administrative special police” (police spéciale) system, gambling control (by the State) is carried out by several types of licences which enables the State to organize the gambling market and to set the gambling supply quantity given on the national territory. In that way, the State develops a close collaboration with gambling operators which makes all the specificity of their mission. Although the judge refuses to regard gambling organization as a civil service (service public), that is the only way to justify the possession of exorbitant prerogatives by some of theses private operators. That observation certainly does not change anything to the reality of law, which only depends here on the judge's regard, but it is a small step to see a forming unit of the French concept of civil service in the public morality
Prud'Homme, Lionel. "Les jeux des affinités et du hasard : quête d'identité ou quête de performance ?" Paris 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA020020.
Повний текст джерелаMehl, Jean-Michel. "Les jeux au royaume de France (13e siècle - début du 16e siècle) : étude d'anthropologie historique." Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100121.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is devoted to games practised in France at the end of the Middle Ages and at the beginning of the Renaissance (sport games, games of chance, intellectual games). It tries to make an inventory of those games, to specify their origins, to describe the instruments and equipments thez make use of, to restore their rules and to outline their typlogy. The second part concerns the world of players (age, social background) and brings out the play activities according to social groups. It tries to describe the time, the places resrved for those games as well as the stakes (financial or other). It ends with a study of the deviations of the games (cheating and violence). A third part considers those games in the face of mediaeval opinion, decribes the mechanisms of repression led by the governements as well as the methods used by those same governements to control the games. In a last part are analysed the different roles played by mediaeval games as well as the functions (symbolical and rituals) they have. The main conclusions bring out the play development (change from play to games), the meaning of those games and their combinations (extolling of sport games, more or less increasing tolerance as regards games of chance, pedagogical use of games). The procedures of external domestication of the games are to be remembered too (lease of the games, repression through taxation, intervention of governements in the organization of the games) as well as internal domestication (increasing complexity, codification of rules, organization). An alphabetical list of all games analysed is annexed
Vercher, Elizabeth. "La transformation des jeux de casino : industrialisation d'une pratique culturelle." Lyon 2, 2000. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2000/vercher_e.
Повний текст джерелаSince 1987, casino games and the general image of casinos have gone through a profond change. Where previously, this type of activity was stigmatized by the potential damage it could lead to, it has now become an individual or collective leisure, socially acceptable. The slot machines legalization in 1987 brought about an industrialisation of casinos and this underlined a turning point for these firms. They became places that develop a specific form of sociability. The casino layout is now organized using appropriate marketing techniques which can also be found in the recreation parks or clubs for example. These marketing techniques are building the casino as a new place for communication. But casinos represent high economic stakes and an important source of income for the public finances. This is the main reason why governements legalize them despite the moral and social objections. Last but not least, casino has become instrumental in local development as it is now part of the tourist industry ; Where more often they are considered as a means to promote the area where they are established
Dupont, Bernard. "L’ Etat et les casinos : imperturbable maintien du statu quo." Perpignan, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PERP0841.
Повний текст джерелаRoffe, Morgane. "Le droit et la police des jeux de hasard dans les Alpes-Maritimes aux XIXe et XXe siècles (1800-1954)." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AZUR0037.
Повний текст джерелаThe French normative history, just like the Sardian normative history shows a certain ambivalence when it comes to gambling games, as it’s expressed in repressive texts (the June 24th 1804 bill and the 410 and 475 articles from the 1810 criminal Code). The dominant repressive framework, through the laws of May 21st and July 18th 1836, reveals again that ambivalence. Indeed, the article 4 from the 1806’s bill and the 5 from the May 21st 1836’law, already translate a progressive tolerance of the games progression from the superior administration. Also, the prefectural authorities confirm a progressive tolerance about gambling games. Locally, some casinos are allowed, after the annexion to France in 1860, they bring up some controversial reactions from the press and the public opinion. However, because of the concurrence coming from a neighboring state (the principality of Monaco), the public authorities of the Alpes-Maritimes, encourage the game exploitation, because of their favorable impact on the urban development, generated by resorts then tourism. An empirical right to gambling games is then developing in the resort area of the department. The national reform of June, which legalized the casinos in the seaside, health and thermal stations is especially beneficial to the Alpes-Maritimes. From now on, the economic interests prevail on moral considerations. The gambling sphere becomes a much coveted domain. The financial attraction, especially from the communal tax on gambling games, shows a glimpse of the utilitarian law later confronted by the financial reform in 1953
Castanié, Sylvie. "Les positions des Français concernant les politiques de contrôle : alcool, tabac et jeux de hasard et d'argent." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20050.
Повний текст джерелаIntroduction: Using a scenario-based technique, this study explored and charted, the positions of the French concerning policies to control tobacco, alcohol and gambling. Method: A sample of 344 adults (including health professionals and lawyers) were polled on the acceptability of the policies of control via a presentation of 54 cases. Each one of them aims at a policy of control relative to potentially addictive consumption (tobacco, alcohol or gambling), including preventive measures, regulation and sanctions. Results: As a result of the typological analysis, eight qualitatively different positions were found. They are presented on a continuum – from total rejection of any policy of control or weak regulation, to favouring strong regulation and severe sanctions. These eight positions are: never acceptable (9%), weak or moderate regulation (5%), moderate regulation associated with strong prevention (11%), moderate or strong regulation (11%), strong regulation with strong prevention (23%), moderate sanctions (9%), severe sanctions (9%) and always favourable (9%). Some participants (14%) are described as « undecided ». These positions were associated with the sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, their political opinions and their consumption habits of potentially addictive products. Conclusion: This study confirms that these practices - smoking, drinking alcohol, and gambling - are no longer considered private but rather have come to be seen as public issues. They are viewed as choices made by society, with implications for the overall social order. A majority of participants agree with the regulations currently applied in France. The type of measure preferred by respondents varies according to the product under consideration as well as the respondent's own consumption patterns (e.g. the more the respondent is a consumer of addictive products, the less favourable he / she is to strong control measures). The analysis of the results shows a convergence in the treatment of these areas of consumption. All participants are in favour of prevention, regardless of the product under consideration. In general, participants confirmed an acceptance of strong regulatory measures, especially for gambling, as well as severe penalties with respect to the consumption of alcohol
Laval, Marion. "Essai sur les contrats de jeux et paris." Toulouse 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012TOU10034.
Повний текст джерелаGambling has always been a controversial activity. Some consider it fun and attractive other find it devious and dangerous. This activity has been regulated by the Government because of this paradox. Therefore a system based on administrative authorizations was implemented giving exclusive rights to the three main actors of the sector : the ‘Pari mutual urbain’, the ‘Française des Jeux’ and casinos. As a result, the French gambling system is a monopolistic one. Because it is considered as a specific activity, the Government chose to limit legal actions by restricted civil right and to severely condemn infractions by a binding penal right. The recent evolution of gambling, mainly driven by the Internet usage, added to the European commission pressure, forced the legislator to intervene. In order to limit the proliferation of illegal gambling websites, he moved away from its initial politic and opened the gambling market to competition. The n°2010-476 law from the 12 of may 2010 appeared as a renewal of ancient rights whose rules were not adapted to modern times. Taking into consideration both players’ wishes and government’s interest, this law has a double ambition : to promote a secure and diversified market and to fight against illegal market players’ offer. If the law n°2010-476 from the 12 of may, relating to the gambling market opening to competition and its regulation, appears to mix new and past decisions, it is also giving us an opportunity, two yeas after its implementation, to analyze this sector before and after this law in order to appraise its benefits and its limits
Du, Peloux Marc. "L' influence des mécanismes promotionnels ludiques sur les attitudes et comportements du consommateur." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010065.
Повний текст джерелаBallin, Gérard. "Des jeux traditionnels au sport quilles et les mutations de la société Aveyronnaise." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR28412.
Повний текст джерелаEvrard, Barbara. "LA CÔTE D'ALBÂTRE COMME TERRAIN DE JEUX ? AMÉNAGEMENTS, ACTIVITÉS PHYSIQUES ET PAYSAGES VÉCUS." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00565235.
Повний текст джерелаTrespeuch, Marie. "Le secteur français des jeux d'argent à l'heure numérique : émergence et transformation d'un marché contesté." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618067/en/.
Повний текст джерелаCamillieri, Sébastien. "Les finances publiques et le jeu." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_camillieri_s.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSince the middle of the Seventies, the gambling games offer was considerably diversified in France. In this way, the gambling sector, wich represents a fully-fledged sector of French economy, directly or indirectly contributes to the public finance. Actually, this market, wich can be estimated in billions of euros, doesn't escape the tax and social security contributions. In 2004, « La Française des Jeux » contributed to the public finance wich 2. 33 billion euros for the state, sport and social finances whereas the « PMU » and casinos redistributed over 1 billion euros to the State, and more generally to the public sphere on the same year. Therefore, these contributions are linked to the public power policy concerning gambling
Caillon, Julie. "Jeu d’argent pathologique : évaluation et implications cliniques de la politique de jeu responsable menée en France : cas particulier des jeux de hasard et d’argent sur Internet." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100175.
Повний текст джерелаOnline gambling is more addictive compared with offline gambling. Thus, among the Internet gamblers in 2017, 13% were problem gamblers which were superior to offline practices. We also observed an increase in new online gambling practices such as internet trading. To prevent risks associated with online gambling, French jurisdiction regulates the gambling market and proposes a responsible gambling policy to protect the most vulnerable gamblers. Several harm reduction measures have been put in place such as the introduction of self-exclusion strategies or self-limitations. Despite the importance of these responsible gambling strategies, there is very little scientific evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of this policy.The objective of our work was to discuss the responsible gambling policy conducted in France, focusing in particular on the prevention of online gambling addiction and the effectiveness of harm-minimization tools. The studies presented demonstrated that gambling moderators as a temporary self-exclusion of gambling site could be effective in limiting gambling behavior by modifying cognitive distortions and craving. The effectiveness of harm-minimization tools seems to vary according to the gambler status (at-risk or excessive gambler) and the type of gambling. However, results indicated that gambling moderators were underused by gamblers. Moreover, many internet practices such as trading did not fit into the current regulatory framework. Changes in the responsible gambling policy in France must be discussed. It is essential that the discussions are based on scientific researches in order to guide the responsible gambling strategy with effectiveness
Loyer, Frédéric. "La lutte en France : histoire d’une sportification contrariée." Caen, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CAEN2030.
Повний текст джерелаIt is usual to consider sport as the out come of play motor function. And jet, as regards the number of members Olympic wrestling, unjustly called “greco roman”, is superseded by Breton “gouren”. Trough a diachronic and synchronic approach we’ll be concerned with showing the workings of a thwarted “sportification”. The research is to be made through the deciphering of historical documents and the analysis of game sheets referring to the inner logic of two types of wrestling. Born from the show business, then borrowed by “catch” wrestling, the inner logic of “greco roman” has progressively got more strict as it became “sportification”. Sport competition is now its only form of expression. It goes trough a violence just as symbolic (violation of private space through the playing on the floor) as real (the important degree of shocks when falling), making a gap with the process of habits and ways getting wilder. By keeping its play tonality, the “gouren” is of a more flexible nature, and more open to a larger public, women and children can resort to it as an activity for leisure. Even in its competition form the “gouren” keep its strong regional identity. As regards the wrestling aspect of it, this sport is probably not the best there is when playing is concerned
Borzakian, Manouk. "Géographie ludique de la France. Approche spatiale des pratiquants et des fédérations des jeux institutionnels." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Sorbonne - Paris IV, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00548097.
Повний текст джерелаGlorieux, Gérard. "L'instabilité sociale et la prise de risques dans le jeu de hasard, les droites parallèles d'un labyrinthe comportemental." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210047.
Повний текст джерелаNous croyons que les prises de risques dans les activités ludiques ne sont pas plus déviantes, répréhensibles ou particulières que celles d’un simple quotidien mais qu’elles sont simplement situées dans un environnement différent. Au terme de notre travail théorique, nous pouvons dire qu’en ce qui concerne la prise de risques, que l’expérience favorise l’acuité d’évaluation du gradient risque. D’autre part, certains individus sont plus prédisposés à prendre d’initiative des risques, alors que d’autres restent soit timorés ou y sont mêmes averses. Cette recherche de sensations stimulantes que certains aiment trouver d’une part, et la réserve des autres ne constituent pas une dichotomie en classes significatives qui permettraient de dresser un profil type du preneur, et non preneur, de risques. Chacun réagit en fonction de son anamnèse particulière, de son état émotionnel du moment, et de ses limitations cognitives d’analyse de la situation.
Par ailleurs, l’illusion de contrôle de la situation accentue la prise de risques. Une idée générale veut que chacun croit faire de meilleurs choix dans ses risques préférentiels, que le voisin. Cette position est erronée, les choix personnels de tout un chacun n’étant pas meilleurs que ceux du prochain mais ils correspondent mieux à celui qui les a posés. La prise de risques est un changement de mode opératoire de nos comportements obligataires. En l’exerçant, nous tentons de surpasser ce que nous croyons être les limites de l’instant ;dépassement de soi illusoire qui fait immédiatement découvrir de nouvelles frontières restrictives de notre potens.
Par ailleurs, tout comme nous avons énoncé qu’il y avait deux formes de jeux de hasard (égocentré et altruiste), il y a deux approches à considérer dans la prise de risques. Les prises de risques, tant sociale que ludique, qui relèvent des prises de risques en tant que jeu d’affirmation et de recherche des limites personnelles, et celles spécifiques aux jeux de hasard qui outre le justificatif précédent, considèrent de plus, le but de la prise de risques ludiques comme le véhicule d’un chemin substitutif aux revenus du labeur. Il y a aussi deux formes d’instabilité :l’instabilité sociale qui confine les individus dans une situation d’état communautaire non associatif et précaire, et l’instabilité émotionnelle qui réduit le ressenti personnel au sentiment d’injustice. Quelle que soit la cause de l’état d’instabilité, qu’elle soit imputable aux manquements de l’individu, ou le résultat du hasard, cet état ressemble souvent à un labyrinthe du désespoir dont l’accès à la sortie impose une énergie et des opportunités qui sont rarement à portée des candidats à un renouveau. Repartir exige de parcourir successivement deux chemins :celui du retour à l’état initial d’équilibre puis celui du nouveau départ vers des objectifs futurs.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ginsbourger, Thomas. "Exister dans le monde de la santé : Sociologie des jeux de savoir et de pouvoir des experts « activité physique et cancers » en France." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30175.
Повний текст джерелаPhysical activity is a topical issue in the field of public health, especially regarding cancer prevention. Indeed, it has many benefits such as reducing the risks of cancer or their recurrences as well as improving the quality of life. The issue of the relationship between physical activity and cancer emerged in France in the 90's, at a time when a series of health crises, the increasing mobilisation of patients, the criticism of a cold and technical medicine and the global concept of health promoted by the WHO, seemed to give non-medical actors the opportunity to invest a world of health which had so far been dominated by physicians. So, we tried to find out who are the experts recognized as legitimate to tell the truth about the relationship between physical activity and cancer. We then noticed that these experts feel a lack of consideration in the world of health and experience difficulties for existing compared to conventional medicine, believing that what they do is for example 'looked down', 'not a priority' or 'downgraded'. We have updated - beyond the finding of the grip of preventive on curative in our health system - the possible reasons that these experts feel like belonging to a 'small village of indomitable Gauls'. Finally, we were interested at the debates that animate these experts when participating in collective expert assessments - where there are especially representatives of the biomedical and human and social sciences - and their ways to conciliate or not their arguments and interests. This allowed us to understand how they manage to exist compared to conventional medicine and how they work together
Sempé, Gaëlle. "Le sport carcéral en France et au Canada : entre contraintes et libertés, un espace au coeur des (en)jeux de pouvoir." Rennes 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007REN20012.
Повний текст джерелаBased on a franco-canadian comparative approach, this sociological investigation attempts to analyze the prison environment by using the analysis filter of sport. The study tends to question this political disposition of sentence development through institutional strategies for each country. To better define the power stakes which structure this sports space, the study also makes out the structural constraints and the domination games which delimit freedom margins of actors. Finally, it permits to reconsider overall the international penal system and its management. Our empirical approach relies on a qualitative approach in several prisons in France and federal penitentiaries in Canada. Results of this study first show a significant difference on the prisoners autonomy into the sports organization. On one hand, in France, prisoners are relieved from aIl sports responsibilities. Sports instructor is the central actor who deals with prisoner' s limited negotiations. On the other hand, the canadian system opted for a sports space self-managed by prisoners employed in this sector. Ln a fust time, the prisoner seems to take full advantage of this policy contibuting to socialize him at the image of the external realities. However, this system also contains loopholes since it reproduces inequalities and increases the ratio of strength between dominant and dominated prisoners into prison space. At last, in both countries, the study shows that if sport is instrumentalized by administration as an efficient tool to control people, it may also be explained by the fact that it reDresents a Dfecious Dledge of freedom and resistance for Drisoners
Bouchet-Valat, Milan. "Les rouages de l’amour et du hasard : homogamie et hypergamie dans la France et l’Europe contemporaines : dimensions socioéconomique et d’éducation, variations et mécanismes." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015IEPP0036/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe persistance of social homogamy is regularly observed; the tendency to form couples in which the woman occupies a lower position than her partner – female hypergamy – is also well documented: love is far from blind to social distinctions. Yet, it was concluded somewhat too fast from this major result that these phenomena have remained stable over time. This thesis shows, based on large-scale survey data, that education, social class and social class of origin homogamy has significantly weakened over the last forty years in France. This trend goes beyond what changes in the population structure would have implied (relative homogamy): the composition of couples has become closer to a random mating situation. Hypergamy has also clearly diminished, and has even reversed regarding education; females hold higher qualifications than their partners since the year 2000. As a consequence, the higher celibacy rate of women with a high social status, in particular that of the higher educated, which stemmed from their unfavorable position on the conjugal market, has converged to that of other groups. The variations of these two dimensions of partner choice over 64 regions of Europe in the 2000s are also sizable. Educational homogamy is higher than socioeconomic homogamy; hypergamy is the most frequent situation, but it is not an absolutely general pattern. The degree of cultural liberalism and of social openness appears as the strongest determinant of these two phenomena. They are negatively correlated with female labor force participation, but their relationship with economic inequalities is ambiguous
Erckert, Guillaume. "La "médiatisation anticipative" des jeux olympiques de Pékin : une sociologie du traitement journalistique des événements futurs." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAG002/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe future events, non actual and still unknown, are often similar to meaningless phenomena on a rational and well-founded way. Nevertheless, written press journalists regularly report the big current events to come in the national dailies. It means that many political, sports and cultural events, which are media scheduled, have not yet occurred. Bearing this in mind, this doctoral thesis depicts the process of " proactive mediatisation ", which aims at understanding how some journalists from Le Monde, Le Figaro and Libération objectively succeed in giving a meaning to the Beijing Olympic Games several years before their staging. A qualitative and comprehensive study, built on theoretical tools from phenomenology based sociology, has been carried out. It enables us to analyse the social and cognitive logics leading the journalists in their prediction, which reveals that the anticipation of this big sports event is the result of a argued journalistic process built on three intermingled schema. The first one contextualizes the event from cases observed in the present time. The second schema identifies this event in facing other past events typically similar. The last schema interprets the Beijing Olympic Games by forecasting a likely future
Corbeau, Jean-Pierre. "Formes de la convivialité et de l'ordinaire alimentaire dans les villes et les campagnes du centre de la France depuis 1918 à travers les normes et les manières de table, contribution à une sociologie de l'imitation : essai de reconstruction utopique des formes et des jeux du manger." Paris 7, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA070035.
Повний текст джерелаThis study apprehends the multifarious places of forms and games related to eating: a place of egotism rekindled by social crises and an individualization process, a place of social revenge and exorcism, a place not only of rites and habits but also of invention and utopia; and eventually a place meant for communication and symbolic sharing. The "eating context" is analysed in terms of a conjunction between "centrifugal" forces (passions, fantasy, ego interactions) and "centripetal" forces (civility, corporal aesthetics, dietary, commercial constraints, social contexts and soon). Two metonymies are built up to apprehend the "actors", its networks and the global social phenomena. The conjunction between centrifugal and centripetal forces is grasped in a diachronic and synchronic way (which justifies considering a definite ground, the centre of France) from several points of view, alterning a "comprehensive vision" and objectivising one. Eventually, utopic reconstructions (ethos) of "food contexts" (four points typology, anomy crisis, socializing alteration of testes and bodily images) are suggested. At the end of the analysis, we actualize anew the concept of imitation from the viewpoint of a dynamic sociology
Brody, Aymeric. "Apprendre à jouer le jeu : une ethnographie réflexive auprès des joueurs amateurs de poker." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD042.
Повний текст джерелаThis study focuses on the community of amateur poker players in France. Who are they? What do their practices of the game consist in? How do they picture poker? How do they learn to play the game? And what do they learn as they play? Although these research questions mostly refer to practicing and learning the game itself, they do ultimately aim at questioning the learning associated with this practice in the players’ everyday lives. But answering this question involved a previous deconstruction of the idea that the game is an activity apart from everyday life. That was what the first chapter of this dissertation has been about. Based on how the question had been addressed in the history of ideas, we first turned to the socio-anthropological definitions promoting this key idea of a separation between game and everyday life. Then a critical analysis was needed to place the game in the economy of everyday practices. In the second chapter we dealt with how the question of gambling was handled in scientific literature, looking into the way poker was studied there. Unlike various studies approaching the practice of this gambling game from the standpoint of addiction or deviance, our own research with amateur poker players led us to study this practice from the standpoint of the game itself. Thus, in the third chapter, we examined the history of poker to find out how the game had gradually built up its own mythology, culture, media, etc., until it became a mass entertainment for hundreds of thousands of players, especially in France. After this journey deep into the history of the game, in the second part of the dissertation we have set out the process through which our survey with amateur poker players was conducted. As a reflexive ethnography we first went back to the exploratory survey we had performed in 2006-07 with players we knew (chapter 4) at a time when we would play poker ourselves. Then we have successively shown the two surveys we did in 2010-11 about on-line poker sites as well as during a large-scale poker tournament (chapter 5). The third part of the dissertation is based on an analysis of the empirical data from the latter survey in an effort to describe the population of players we met in the field (chapter 6). Through an in-depth analysis of their learning trajectories and accounts of practice we have gradually tried to answer our research questions wondering how these amateur players learn playing poker on the one hand (chapter 7) and what they are gaining from it in their everyday lives on the other hand (chapter 8). Finally our findings led us to challenge the definitions of the game as set out in the first part of the dissertation and to offer a new theoretical framework for considering the practices and learning of the game
Nahas, Imad. "Le jeu et le pari en droit." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020017/document.
Повний текст джерелаGames of chance were known and practiced by man since the earliest civilizations. But all the way since the greco-roman antiquity, these games have attracted the ire of moralists, clergymen and legislators, each for their own motives. Strict laws were enacted by the Antiquity legislators, laws that were later upheld by canonists and jurists of the Old law, as well as the civil Code editors, in order to eliminate, or at least confine this recreational practice. But the human desire to enjoy these games of chance was stronger than these laws, and the practice survived. Over the course of the 20th century, and while certain States around the world chose absolute prohibition, others, like France, opted for a controlled authorization under the auspices of the State. Thus was created the prohibition-monopoly-exception triptych, under which gambling grew considerably. And when the technological development allowed games of chance to be provided through the internet, the gambling industry reached in France and around the world, limits never known before in the course of the human history. But this exceptional development has brought new challenges along, mainly in the finance and security areas, but also at the European legal level where the French monopoly model was criticized. To take up these challenges, new laws were enacted in recent years. But all fell short of the challenges scale. The task was initiated, but most of the work remains to be done
Pellen, Nadine. "Hasard, coïncidence, prédestination… et s’il fallait plutôt regarder du côté de nos aïeux ? : analyse démographique et historique des réseaux généalogiques et des structures familiales des patients atteints de mucoviscidose en Bretagne." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS004S.
Повний текст джерелаThe population at the root of this study is composed of patients clinically diagnosed as suffering from cystic fibrosis and having lived in Brittany some time in the course of the past fifty years. Their ancestry was traced back with the help of genealogy centres and brought together more than 250 000 kinspeople. The resulting data base, built up from these patients’ genetic and genealogical characteristics, was then used to study how the demographic patterns of the past could explain the frequency and geographical distribution of cystic fibrosis as it appears in today’s Brittany. The carriers who share the same CF mutation are kindreds. The mapping of their common ancestors’ living places shows a differential distribution, depending on specific CF mutations. These genetic relatednesses enable us to trace back the route followed by the CF gene. At the ancestors’ level, we observed marital unions at an early age, particularly for women, and frequent remarriage, particularly for men. As a consequence, married couples were prolific, thus allowing more genetic transmissions. And the geographical stability that prevailed at the time of the wedding does not seem to produce genetic diversity. Moreover, we reckoned that in terms of life expectancy there might be some selective advantage to being a healthy carrier. Inbreeding - a cause frequently referred to as an explanation for the large number of CF affected patients in Brittany - was in no way a key factor in this study. Only 0,8 % were born from first or second cousin unions. At the ancestors’ level, we must go back to the 7th generation to see a higher proportion of close kinship. Therefore, more often than consanguinity, endogamy tends to carry on a certain degree of genetic homogeneity. CF frequency of occurrence and its Breton distribution today can be accounted for by the presence of a harmful gene combined with high fertility, a relatively settled population with a limited availability of possible partners, and the selective advantage this harmful gene was for healthy carriers. This study helps to increase historical, geographical and social knowledge of CF throughout successive generations. Lt enables us to have a collective more than individual approach of the CF mutation. Lt also has t a prospective effect as a tool for the testing center and the staff
Jahn, Sandra. "Le jeu d'argent en France : de la condamnation à la banalisation (1836 - années 1960)." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO30072/document.
Повний текст джерелаMoney games are today the center of the attention through a burning public debate. They are usually depicted as the origin of many vices and therefore stimulate a lot of worrying from society, thus the increasing broadcasting in the major medias of their incriminated connection to addiction diseases.Addiction has been growingly associated to gambling since the 1980’s : the money games are indeed more and more denunciated for being a real threat to the individuals who excessively enjoy this special hobby.This point of view is not new and is closely connected to the Old Regime’s widely spread opinions. Nevertheless, at this specific time period, money games were mainly rejected for their social and moral downsides : not only they stood for family issues but they were also incriminated as inviting the players to neglect valuable work and/or the established society rules and habits. There has been an in-between situation between the today’s widely spread gambling activities and the prosecution from the Old Regime. Indeed the government has repeatedly issued regulations to widen the gambling activities from 1836 when there was a law against money games till 1954 when the Tiercé was offcially created. This thesis work focuses on analysing the money games activities between these 2 milestones. The main point is to study the regulations variations about the money games and the reasons behind them. An other important aspect is to analyse the social usages of the time spent on money games through their various shapes and identities
Ghaemi, Azadeh. "La médiation entre acteurs politiques, administratifs et sociaux, pour la gestion des demandes d’asile. Une analyse des jeux d’acteurs autour de la situation des demandeurs d’asile afghans en France." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAL037/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this research, we study the mediation between political, administrative and social actors to manage asylums requests. Then we analyze the actions around the situation of the Afghan asylum seekers in France, via the sociology of translation.The theory of Sociology of translation gives us an explanatory model of action, problems of organization between different actors of a sector in different situations. Based on this theory, our research aims ultimately to see how actors of the networks for asylum seekers find a convergence.In the network of actors through the meaning of the sociology of translation, after demonstrating that there is a mediation, we analyze the nature. Then, our research develops on the networking between the theories of social representations (and intercultural) and a sociological survey that includes questionnaires, interviews and direct and participatory observation to understand communicational issues of actors in the context of asylum in France around reform since 2013 until today. Finally, we analyze the communication challenges of the reform of asylum through the concept of public space, then we call the theory of translation to find a convergence model. With this theoretical framework, we will emphasize the role of the Ministry of the Interior: as mediator or translator within the meaning of the sociology of translation, it took on reform of the law of asylum and made the connection between the actors of the network from 2013
Fouqueray, Timothée. "Adaptations aux incertitudes climatiques de long terme : trajectoires socio-écologiques de la gestion forestière française." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLA029.
Повний текст джерелаAdapting forest management to climate change (CC) is a key issue, as forests are crucial for mitigation policies and the provision of many ecosystem services (ES). Understanding the magnitude of the progress made in this respect can help shape further adaptation developments and avoid the putative maladaptive side effects of forest management evolutions. Here, I aim to bridge the knowledge gap of adaptation implementation in French forests.Chapter 1: Based on semi-structured interviews with foresters, my findings highlight unprecedented aspects of adaptations: (i) a focus on productive ES at the expense of other essential services such as water supply or natural habitats; (ii) adaptations rely on technical changes in forest management and do not deal with climate impacts through organizational or economic tools; and (iii) envisaging ecological processes through adaptations is instrumental and limited to small spatial and temporal scales. My results also extend the existing body of knowledge to the framework of forest management: (i) CC is not the main driver of forestry changes; (ii) extreme events are windows of opportunity to stimulate adaptive changes; and (iii) proactive adaptation to unexperienced hazards is very weak.Chapter 2: Assessment of the diversity of research projects in the forest sciences focusing on CC. I categorized projects according to discipline and main focus, using data from the online description of French public calls for proposals and from selected projects. Since 1997, mitigation research has gradually given way to adaptation. Despite pledges for the inclusion of social sciences, research rarely draws on the social sciences and focuses on ES of economic interest. Biomass production is paramount, being addressed either directly or through projects on tree species of industrial interest. Hence, instead of a diverse search for adaptation strategies, climate research is geared toward a few ES. Without denying the need for timber and biofuel production, I encourage public funders to complement current calls for proposals with more diverse approaches beneficial for both biomass production and other ES.Chapter 3: I study how multiple mechanisms for the mitigation of CC have been developed, drawing on a combination of reducing and offsetting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. While mechanisms are mandatory for certain economic sectors, some business that are not required to mitigate their GHG emissions would nevertheless like to do so. I examine two study cases in France to analyze how public and private foresters seized this opportunity to obtain complementary funding from such companies for forestry operations. I focus on offset contracts issued by associations linking public sector forestry agencies, forest landowners, and offset funders. Carbon mitigation was a reason shared by all contractors to commit to the agreement, although it concealed multifarious motivations. Hence, I argue that voluntary offset contracts act like a Trojan horse by enabling foresters to dialogue with entities that would otherwise not be interested in supporting forest management. Regional embedding was crucial to overcoming the mitigation challenges.Chapter 4: To gain insight on how can socio-economic adaptive tools complement technical evolutions of forestry, I designed Foster Forest, a participatory simulation of forest management. It combines a role-playing game, an agent-based model, and a scenario of CC with high uncertainties. Drawing from multiple applications in French regions, I show that climate change is not a short-term matter of concern for private and public foresters. I analyze the emergence of socio-economic changes (mainly payment for carbon storage) in the provision of ES, and participants’ negotiations to spontaneously change the simulation rules. I also highlight how collective adaptive action was steered by stakeholders with a public interest role
Lee, Chang-Hoon. "Le slogan publicitaire, dynamique linguistique et vitalité sociale : la construction d'une esthétique sociale à travers la communication publicitaire." Phd thesis, Université Paul Valéry - Montpellier III, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00985351.
Повний текст джерелаGaubert, Vincent. "Du football aux foot-ball : étude comparative de la géographie des cultures sportives « balle au pied »." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040142.
Повний текст джерелаThere are some lessons that can be taken out from discussions between a football game participants: no game is a sure thing, there are no small teams anymore, and you can’t underestimate the value of your opponents. If football was a player, he wouldn’t dismiss these aphorisms. Not anymore, because the time has passed when it could rely on its supremacy to turn away from these truths. As a pioneering sport, football has moved along with the early stages of globalisation and has heavily influenced the geography of worldwide and national football codes today: in terms of possession, football reigns over its competitors. However, the diversity of the field of sports, impacted by the variety of its activities and their organisations brings new contenders or strengthen its former challengers. In this way, geography finds an easy subject to discuss. With its concepts, methods and tools, geography decides on the final result. This contest is heightened by actions, big chances or plays which turned into expansion, location and geomarketing strategy of football, futsal, beach soccer and five-a-side football. These sporting cultures don’t play everywhere, neither do they play in the same place: their fields don’t collide. On a smaller scale, that of a city, the game’s tension reaches its climax. Focussed on metropolitan Lille, this study will support differentiated, ranked and segmented football codes in geographic space
Beauregard, Valérie. "Des jeux de hasard et d'argent en détention? L'état de la situation dans les pénitenciers fédéraux du Québec." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8939.
Повний текст джерелаBasically, gambling is a pleasant pastime for the vast majority of people. It is indeed associated with leisure, since it fills almost the same needs, including curiosity, entertainment, relaxation, socialization and recognition (Chevalier, 2003; Chevalier & Papineau, 2007; Paradis & Courteau, 2003). However, it still involves a risk of excess. Although no one is truly immune to addiction, scientific papers show that certain groups have been found to be particularly at risk. In addition to people with mental disorders and addictions (Walters, 1997), members of the correctional population are among those most likely to present pathological gambling problems (Abbott, McKenna, & Giles, 2005; Ashcroft, Daniels, & Hart, 2004; Lahn, 2005). And yet, while several studies examine pre-incarceration gambling habits of men sentenced to prison, few report on what happens to this practice in detention facilities. Although gambling is formally prohibited by correctional services, its presence in prison is nevertheless acknowledged (Abbott et al., 2005; Lahn & Grabosky, 2003; Nixon, Leigh, & Grabosky, 2006; Williams, Royston, & Hagen, 2005; Lahn, 2005). However, studies too often content themselves with drawing a purely descriptive portrait of the types of games and bets. A better understanding of gambling in prison is essential, if we consider the non negligible proportion of inmates struggling with such an addiction. The objective of this thesis is therefore to improve our understanding of gambling in Quebec’s federal detention facilities, based on the opinions and experience of 51 male inmates. Qualitative interviews were conducted in French with male inmates over 18 years of age from Quebec, serving a minimum prison sentence of 24 months. The thematic analysis results were divided into three scientific articles. The first article describes the conduct of gambling within the walls and analyzes the influence of prison settings on access to these activities and their significance. Contrary to our expectations, the regulation prohibiting betting is not a central obstacle to this practice. Participation is restricted more by factors related to the correctional context and the sentence. The availability of gambling and the usual benefits derived, such as pleasure and excitement, are far more limited than those generally provided by this activity in free society. The second article examines the potential consequences of gambling, as well as the inmates’ reactions to them. Basically, the fact alone that this activity necessarily involves an exchange of money, valuable items or services rendered puts all players at risk of incurring debts. However, a dynamic analysis shows that some frictions related to gambling are better explained by characteristics of the prison environment. The last article addresses the reasons why members of the correctional population do or do not gamble during their incarceration. It takes into account the gambling habits of non-gamblers, recreational gamblers and problem gamblers over the 12 months prior to detention. For most inmates, gambling serves as a recreational alternative to boredom, but some use it also for the purpose of integrating, or even protecting themselves indirectly. Even more interesting is the fact that, despite the presence of gambling addicts among the men interviewed, none of the motivations generally associated with pathological gambling was given as a reason for gambling in prison. In summary, gambling generally remains without consequence in Quebec’s detention facilities, since very few inmates appear to exceed their limits and incur debts. Conflicts related to this activity consist mostly in arguments stemming from doubts concerning a player’s integrity or an unaccepted defeat. Violent events, such as settlings of accounts due to unpaid debts, were found to be the exception. The results of this thesis show also that, despite having the opportunity to gamble, some pathological gamblers quit or abstain from betting during their incarceration. This new information enables us to reflect on the concept of addiction and on promising avenues for treating incarcerated problem gamblers.