Дисертації з теми "Jeu de la Confiance"
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Bissonnette, Luc. "Estimation non-paramétrique d'anticipations subjectives de variables aléatoires continues : une application au jeu de confiance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24328/24328.pdf.
Camilotto, Nicolas. "Trois essais sur la notion de confiance en économie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Côte d'Azur, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COAZ0031.
The examination of the social bond that unites individuals within a society is a broadand recurrent subject of research in the social sciences. Concepts such as interest, mutualassistance, law, sociability, and sympathy have traditionally influenced how scholars ineconomics, sociology, and political science perceive the social fabric. However, in recentdecades, the concept of trust has emerged as a dominant force, fundamentally transforming the discourse on this topic specially in economics. The study of trust has gained significant traction in the social sciences since the 1990s, resulting in a substantial an interdisciplinary body of literature. This thesis offers a history of these recent transformations, problematized around the tension between the desire to develop an economic approach to trust and the inherently interdisciplinary nature of this subject.The first chapter investigates the transition of the concept of trust from sociologyto economics during a seminar titled “Seminar on Trust and Social Change” which tookplace at King's College Cambridge, from 1985 to 1986. Organized by sociologist DiegoGambetta, this seminar acted as an interface for scientific exchanges and allowed tworesearch programs to exchange methods and objects so as to form an interdisciplinaryprogram on the notion of trust.The second article employs quantitative and computational tools to offer a concise andcomprehensive overview of the research domains related to trust. The analysis carried outallows us to conclude that the fields of research on trust do not fall into a disciplinary partitioning. Consequently, there is no “economics of trust” per se, but rather distinctresearch fields within economics, characterized in part by their varying interactions withother disciplines.The third and final chapter offer to blend historical and methodological perspectives toexamine the Trust Game. Since its publication in 1995 by Berg, Dickhaut, and McCabe, theTrust Game has become the standard methodology for investigating trust experimentallyin economics (as well as in psychology). We demonstrate that historically, the use of theTrust Game in economics is primarily situated at the core of two distinct approaches. Wethen analyze this duality from a methodological standpoint to reveal that it encompassesa divergence in the interpretation of the concept of validity concerning the results ofthe Trust Game. We assert that these validity criteria are overly constrictive to offer asatisfactory economic approach to trust based on the Trust Game
Dang, Quang Vinh. "Évaluation de la confiance dans la collaboration à large échelle." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0002.
Large-scale collaborative systems wherein a large number of users collaborate to perform a shared task attract a lot of attention from both academic and industry. Trust is an important factor for the success of a large-scale collaboration. It is difficult for end-users to manually assess the trust level of each partner in this collaboration. We study the trust assessment problem and aim to design a computational trust model for collaborative systems. We focused on three research questions. 1. What is the effect of deploying a trust model and showing trust scores of partners to users? We designed and organized a user-experiment based on trust game, a well-known money-exchange lab-control protocol, wherein we introduced user trust scores. Our comprehensive analysis on user behavior proved that: (i) showing trust score to users encourages collaboration between them significantly at a similar level with showing nick- name, and (ii) users follow the trust score in decision-making. The results suggest that a trust model can be deployed in collaborative systems to assist users. 2. How to calculate trust score between users that experienced a collaboration? We designed a trust model for repeated trust game that computes user trust scores based on their past behavior. We validated our trust model against: (i) simulated data, (ii) human opinion, and (iii) real-world experimental data. We extended our trust model to Wikipedia based on user contributions to the quality of the edited Wikipedia articles. We proposed three machine learning approaches to assess the quality of Wikipedia articles: the first one based on random forest with manually-designed features while the other two ones based on deep learning methods. 3. How to predict trust relation between users that did not interact in the past? Given a network in which the links represent the trust/distrust relations between users, we aim to predict future relations. We proposed an algorithm that takes into account the established time information of the links in the network to predict future user trust/distrust relationships. Our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on real-world signed directed social network datasets
Dang, Quang Vinh. "Évaluation de la confiance dans la collaboration à large échelle." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LORR0002/document.
Large-scale collaborative systems wherein a large number of users collaborate to perform a shared task attract a lot of attention from both academic and industry. Trust is an important factor for the success of a large-scale collaboration. It is difficult for end-users to manually assess the trust level of each partner in this collaboration. We study the trust assessment problem and aim to design a computational trust model for collaborative systems. We focused on three research questions. 1. What is the effect of deploying a trust model and showing trust scores of partners to users? We designed and organized a user-experiment based on trust game, a well-known money-exchange lab-control protocol, wherein we introduced user trust scores. Our comprehensive analysis on user behavior proved that: (i) showing trust score to users encourages collaboration between them significantly at a similar level with showing nick- name, and (ii) users follow the trust score in decision-making. The results suggest that a trust model can be deployed in collaborative systems to assist users. 2. How to calculate trust score between users that experienced a collaboration? We designed a trust model for repeated trust game that computes user trust scores based on their past behavior. We validated our trust model against: (i) simulated data, (ii) human opinion, and (iii) real-world experimental data. We extended our trust model to Wikipedia based on user contributions to the quality of the edited Wikipedia articles. We proposed three machine learning approaches to assess the quality of Wikipedia articles: the first one based on random forest with manually-designed features while the other two ones based on deep learning methods. 3. How to predict trust relation between users that did not interact in the past? Given a network in which the links represent the trust/distrust relations between users, we aim to predict future relations. We proposed an algorithm that takes into account the established time information of the links in the network to predict future user trust/distrust relationships. Our algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art approaches on real-world signed directed social network datasets
Constant, Thomas. "Éléments de game design pour le développement d'une attitude réflexive chez le joueur." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1139.
This thesis introduces the results of experiments testing specific game mechanics to help the players to develop reflective decision making. Our approach is, firstly, to bias the players’ judgment. Then, through the bias awareness, we want to help them to have a better understanding about their judgment processes. To do this, we try to place the player in an overconfident state while playing video games. To measure their behavior, the players must use an integrated tool to the game progression: a bet system through which they assess on their confidence in their chances of success. Two games were developed to measure the influence of the biases on the confidence of the player: one focusing on the effect of anchoring and confirmation biases, another one on the hard / easy effect
Constant, Thomas. "Éléments de game design pour le développement d'une attitude réflexive chez le joueur." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1139/document.
This thesis introduces the results of experiments testing specific game mechanics to help the players to develop reflective decision making. Our approach is, firstly, to bias the players’ judgment. Then, through the bias awareness, we want to help them to have a better understanding about their judgment processes. To do this, we try to place the player in an overconfident state while playing video games. To measure their behavior, the players must use an integrated tool to the game progression: a bet system through which they assess on their confidence in their chances of success. Two games were developed to measure the influence of the biases on the confidence of the player: one focusing on the effect of anchoring and confirmation biases, another one on the hard / easy effect
Gadbois, Jocelyn. "ETHNOLOGIE DU LOTTO 6/49. Esquisses pour une définition de la confiance." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29492/29492.pdf.
Vallée, Thibaut. "De la manipulation dans les systèmes multi-agents : une étude sur les jeux hédoniques et les systèmes de réputation." Caen, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CAEN2051.
In this thesis, we study the robustness of multi-agent systems to strategic behaviors, namely manipulations. We consider in this manuscript two families of systems, hedonic games and reputation systems, which have complementary properties that allow to adress a broad range of questions. In the domain of hedonic games, we propose an analysis metholody which consists in studying the necessary minimal conditions to implement manipulations in an efficient way. To this end, we identify three minimal manipulations based on false preference profiles and false identities, and we study their efficiency on three canonical solution concepts that satisfy individual rationality (Nash stability, individual stability and core stability). By both theoretical and empirical results, we proved that Nash stability is robust to manipulations, unlike individual and core stability. In the domain of reputation systems, we propose to model reputation systems and the associated decision problem with a multiarmed bandit. Firstly, we show by an empirical study that using multiarmed bandit policies with an exploration faction tuned with respect to the reputation system reduces interactions with malicious agents and increases the cost of manipulations. Secondly, we propose a new credibility assessment based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the estimation error of the agents that allow to detect and filter false feedbacks
Orvoen, Hadrien. "Expressions faciales émotionnelles et Prise de décisions coopératives." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017EHES0032/document.
For few decades, rational choice theories failed to properly account for cooperative behaviors. This was illustrated by social dilemmas, games where a self-motivated individual will be tempted to exploit others' cooperative behavior, harming them for his own personal profit. I will first detail how cooperation may rise as a reasonable --- if not rational --- behavior, provided that we consider social interactions in a more realistic context that rational choice theories initially did. From anthropology to neurobiology, cooperation is understood as an efficient adaptation to this natural environment rather than a quirky, self-defeating behavior. Because pertinent information is often lacking or overwhelming, too complex or ambiguous to deal with, it is essential to communicate, to share, and to trust others. Emotions, and their expression, are a cornerstone of humans' natural and effortless navigation in their social environment. Smiles for instance are universally known as a signal of satisfaction, approbation and cooperation. Like other emotional expressions, they are automatically and preferentially treated. They elicit trust and cooperative behaviors in observers, and are ubiquitous in successful collaborative interactions. Beside that however, few is known about how others' expressions are integrated into decision making. That was the focus of the experimental study I relate in this manuscript. More specifically, I investigated how decisions in a trust-based social dilemma are influenced by smiles which are either displayed along a cooperative or defective behavior (``congruently'' and ``incongruently'', resp.). I carried out two experiments where participants played an investment game with different computerized virtual partners playing the role of trustees. Virtual trustees, which were personalised with a facial avatar, could either take and keep participants investment, or reciprocate it with interests. Moreover, they also displayed facial reactions, that were either congruent or incongruent with their computerized ``decision'' to reciprocate or not. Even if the two experiments presented some methodological differences, they were coherent in that they both showed that participants were altered in remembering a virtual trustee's behavior if the latter expressed incongruent emotions. This was observed from participants' investments in game, and from their post-experimental explicit reports. If many improvements to my experimental approach remain to be done, I think it already completes the existing literature with original results. Many interesting perspectives are left open, which appeal for a deeper investigation of face-to-face decision making. I think it constitutes a theoretical and practical necessity, for which researchers will be required to unify the wide knowledge of the major cognitive functions which was gathered over the last decades
JOUAN, ANDRE. "Le "jeu schizophrenique" du jeu repete. . . Au jeu rejoue." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR25392.
Page, Christiane. "L'engagement dans le jeu en jeu dramatique : une base pour le jeu theatral." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030159.
In france, there are differnt ways of practicing dram in education and in training. The purpose of this thesis is to show, through a specific approach mainly developed by liguel demuynck, how this activity leads to a development of one's commitment in a game and thus becomes a possible basis of the discovery of drama as a group art. Basuic concept of the activity : the dramatic situation to which we refer is first of all the game. It applied to everyone, to children as well as to adults. It allows the player to explore and guild his own relation to game end reality thriough collective improvisations. In order ro accomplish this, drama relies on a concept the sources of which can be found at the beginning of the century in the "mouvement d'education nouvelle" and in drama research. These movements, influenced by the discoveries in human sciences, place the individual in the center of their preoccupations. Means used to attain the objective of the activity. The drama teacher sets up a plan of action which is divided into four stages : the preparation of the improvisation, the game, the exchanges, and again the game. He defines a space of "protected liberty" in which the players can experiment different places necessary to elaborate the drana proce
Bradai, Amira. "Secured trust and reputation system : analysis of malicious behaviors and optimization." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0019/document.
Reputation mechanisms offer a novel and effective way of ensuring the necessary level of trust which is essential to the functioning of any critical system. They collect information about the history (i.e., past transactions) of participants and make public their reputation. Prospective participants guide their decisions by considering reputation information, and thus make more informative choices. Online reputation mechanisms enjoy huge success. They are present in most e-commerce sites available today, and are seriously taken into consideration by human users. Existing reputation systems were conceived with the assumption that users will share feedback honestly. But, such systems like those in peer to peer are generally compromise of malicious users. This leads to the problem in cooperation, aggregation and evaluation. Some users want to use resources from network but do not want to contribute back to the network. Others manipulate the evaluations of trust and provide wrong estimation. We have recently seen increasing evidence that some users strategically manipulate their reports and behave maliciously. For proper protecting against those users, some kind of reputation management system is required. In some system, a trusted third entity exists and can aggregate the information. However, Peer-to-peer networks don’t have any central control or repository. Large size of distributed and hybrid networks makes the reputation management more challenging task. Hence reputation management system should perform all the tasks in distributed fashion. When these kinds of systems are implemented, peers try to deceive them to take maximum advantage. This thesis describes ways of making reputation mechanisms more trustworthy and optimized by providing defense mechanism and analysis. Different kinds of malicious behaviors exist and for each one, we present a complete analysis, simulation and a real use case example in distributed and non-distributed way
Moreau, Pierre-Etienne. "Programmation et confiance." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337408.
Cette approche, permettant de combiner différents formalismes est étudiée d'un point de vue formel.
Dans un deuxième temps, je me suis intéressé à la confiance que les programmeurs peuvent avoir dans les programmes qu'ils écrivent et dans les outils qu'ils utilisent.
Ces travaux m'ont amené à proposer des constructions de haut niveau (filtrage équationnel, anti-termes et stratégies) ainsi qu'à formaliser leur sémantique.
Nous présentons également une méthode originale qui permet certifier que le code produit par le compilateur Tom préserve bien la sémantique de ces constructions.
Jutant, Camille. "S'ajuster, interpréter et qualifier une pratique culturelle : Approche communicationnelle de la visite muséale." Phd thesis, Université d'Avignon, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00819239.
Kuty, Franklin. "L'impartialité du juge répressif: de la confiance décrétée à la confiance justifiée." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211136.
Le législateur a entendu que la confiance soit à la base de l’impartialité du juge. Les travaux préparatoires du Code d'instruction criminelle de 1808 et du Code de procédure civile de 1806 l’illustrent. Au début du dix-neuvième siècle, l’impression qui se dégage au premier coup d’œil est plus celle d’une confiance décrétée en l’impartialité que d’une confiance justifiée. Il existait en quelque sorte un mythe du juge irréprochable. Cette impression se déduit de la circonstance que le sentiment de confiance est posé en principe malgré l’efficacité limitée des garanties juridiques de l’impartialité qui sont offertes à cette époque. Il en va de même, par analogie, de l’impartialité qui apparaît tout autant décrétée.
L’institution de l’impartialité du juge répressif présentait ainsi un sérieux paradoxe. Il apparaissait normal que la confiance attendue de la nation dans ses juges et leur impartialité soit justifiée par de sérieuses garanties. Or, en 1808, la légitimité du juge reposait essentiellement sur un sentiment de confiance décrétée, de sorte qu’il pouvait s’en déduire que la justice n’avait pour seule légitimité que la volonté du pouvoir qu’il en soit ainsi.
Dès les années quatre-vingts, les justiciables se montrèrent de plus en plus critiques envers les représentants du Pouvoir judiciaire, au point que nombreux furent ceux qui réclamèrent la restauration et la justification de la confiance dans l’impartialité du juge. C’est ainsi que des garanties objectives, concrètes, vérifiables, s’avérèrent requises. La restauration de la confiance en l’impartialité nous paraît dépendre, pour une bonne part, du renforcement des règles de procédure et d’organisation judiciaire qui contribuent à l’impartialité du juge.
La thèse s’articule en trois parties. La première s’attache à l’étude des garanties de l’exigence d’impartialité personnelle ou subjective du juge répressif. Nous envisageons, outre la définition de la notion d’impartialité personnelle (titre I), les garanties de nature procédurale qui renvoient à la notion de confiance légitimée (titre II) et les garanties instituées en cas de doute quant à l’impartialité personnelle du juge qui correspondent à la notion de confiance préservée (titre III). La seconde partie concerne les garanties de l’exigence d’impartialité fonctionnelle ou organique. Après avoir défini ce que recouvre cette notion (titre I), nous entendons définir la théorie de la séparation des fonctions de justice répressive, qui renvoie à la notion de confiance impossible (titre II). Nous clôturerons cette seconde partie par l’étude du principe du cumul d’interventions à l’occasion de l’exercice d’une même fonction de justice répressive, qui exprime un sentiment de confiance intact dans l’impartialité du juge (titre III). La troisième partie est consacrée à l’étude de trois questions de portée générale relatives à l’exigence d’impartialité :la renonciation au droit à un tribunal impartial qui dénote un sentiment de confiance indiscutable (titre I), la recevabilité du moyen qui soulève le défaut d’impartialité dans le chef du juge une fois la décision prononcée, qui renvoie à la notion de confiance protégée (titre II), et la sanction du défaut d’impartialité enfin, qui évoque la notion de confiance restaurée (titre III).
Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lepelletier, Patrice. "Sur les régions de confiance : amélioration, estimation d'un degré de confiance conditionnel." Rouen, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ROUES017.
We consider confidence sets for a location parameter in the framework of spherically symmetric distributions. For usual confidence sets, two topics are tackled: their domination by confidence sets centered at the positive part James-Stein estimator and the estimation of their confidence statement. We establish a robustness result showing that this domination is guaranteed, in presence of a residual vector, for any spherically symmetric distribution. Next we consider the problem of estimating the confidence statement of the usual confidence set of the mean of a p-variate normal distribution with identity covariance matrix. We formally establish the domination over the usual estimator 1 - α, the confidence coefficient, of a competitive estimator 1 - α + s. We extend this result to the spherically symmetric distributions including the previous problem in the problem of estimating a general function of a quadratic function. This domination relies on a partial differential inequality involving the Laplacian DELTAs through a Green formula. Finally we establish an appropriate version of a Green formula needed in the estimation problem of a general function of a quadratic function
Wehlmann, Oliver. "Jeu de cartes d'Igor Stravinsky : un jeu de clefs d'analyses." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UEFL2043.
My doctoral thesis is about „The Card Party“ of Stravinsky. I'm dealing with concepts such as analytic models, game theory, or the possible relationships between a literary text and a music score. Its interest lies in the analysis of the ways you may obtain information from a score, not in the results themselves. During the first section I'm applying a series of traditional analytic methods to the first round of the „Card Party“. The second section constructs a synthetic analytical situation where, thanks to a kind of game phenomenology, Stravinsky's second round is supposed to deliver the scenic action of the ballet. In the third section a text from Heinz-Klaus Metzger about Stravinsky and necrophilia is put in contact with the third round as an analytic agent, raising questions as to how to comment murder musically.Instead of resuming results in a conclusive section, I prefer to present a balance about analytical methods. Stravinsky's score is employed as a pretext to discuss the relation between analytical projects and their resulting conclusions
Askari, Muniza. "Risques, confiance et l'éducation." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010043.
Chaulet, Johann. "La confiance médiatisée : la confiance et sa gestion au sein des communications médiatisées." Toulouse 2, 2007. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01252308.
This thesis is about the usages of mediated communication devices. Its aim is to understand how their generalization renews the way people “equip” and deal with their trust relationships. This interest for the notion of trust leads us to place the questions of information, availability, commitment and surveillance in the center of our analysis. Due to the pertinence of this broadening the study of “close relationships” has been complemented by relations centered around a specific goal (via the study of internet connecting websites) and contractual relationships in very equipped work places (in call centers). The diversity of these situations allows us to examine the confrontation of the two main concepts of mediation and trust. It seems that, if these mediations don't change the main grounds of trust, they do modify some aspects of relations to others and the uncertainty they imply. Our findings document the hypothesis of growing rationalization of communication and relational practices based, mainly, on new information that those always more numerous mediations produce
Dementhon, Agathe. "De la confiance aux représentations sociales : un nouvel éclairage théorique du concept de confiance : le cas de la confiance dans l'achat industriel." Paris 10, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA100013.
DARDANNE, MARTINE. "Du jeu au je ? : le jeu, indice de structure chez l'enfant ?" Angers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990ANGE1082.
Reilles, Antoine Kirchner Claude. "Réécriture et compilation de confiance." S. l. : S. n, 2006. http://www.scd.inpl-nancy.fr/theses/2006_REILLES_A.pdf.
Crocquesel, Cyril. "Contrôle supervisé, confiance et dialogue." Télécom Bretagne, 2012. http://www.telecom-bretagne.eu/publications/publication.php?idpublication=12920.
Trust in automation is an essential characteristic of supervised control. Indeed, counter performance of man-machine duo caused by poor trust level (overtrust or undertrust) can lead to material or human damage. It is therefore necessary to assess the trust of the man to anticipate such situations and prevent their realization. Therefore, in this thesis, we propose an evaluation model of trust. For this, we defined two models. The first is a model of dialogue based on the theory of grounding and specific for supervised control. The second is an evaluation model of trust which describes the relationship between user trust and observation of his strategy dialogue obtained trough the first model. The theoretical contribution is accompanied by two experiments. They are contextualized in the field of multi-UAV control and more specifically for patrol and interception missions. The first experiment, with exploratory purposes, highlights the existence of a link between trust and dialogue. The second checks our evaluation model of trust. This thesis therefore provides the basis for an objective assessment of trust with the observation of man-machine dialogue
Reilles, Antoine. "Réécriture et compilation de confiance." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL084N/document.
Most computer processes involve the notion of transformation, in particular the compilation processes. We interest in this thesis in providing tools and methods, based on rewriting, giving the opportunity to increase the confidence we can place into those processes. We develop first a framework used to validate the compilation of matching constructs, building a formal proof of the validity of the compilation process along with a witness of this proof, for each run of the compiler. Then, in order to allow one to write safely complex transformations, we propose a tool that generates an efficient data structure integrating algebraic invariants, as well as a strategy language that enables to control the application of transformations. Those results can be seen as a first step towards the constitution of generic and safe methods for the development of trustworthy transformations
Reilles, Antoine. "Réécriture et compilation de confiance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006INPL084N.
Most computer processes involve the notion of transformation, in particular the compilation processes. We interest in this thesis in providing tools and methods, based on rewriting, giving the opportunity to increase the confidence we can place into those processes. We develop first a framework used to validate the compilation of matching constructs, building a formal proof of the validity of the compilation process along with a witness of this proof, for each run of the compiler. Then, in order to allow one to write safely complex transformations, we propose a tool that generates an efficient data structure integrating algebraic invariants, as well as a strategy language that enables to control the application of transformations. Those results can be seen as a first step towards the constitution of generic and safe methods for the development of trustworthy transformations
Bertin, Pascal. "Jeu d'espace, espace de jeu : Philosophie et genèse hausdorffienne des espaces topologiques." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCC073.
Our research project questions the issue of the link between philosophy and mathematics. Such an issue is of course very general and runs throughout the history of these two processes, but it started to acquire new meaning ever since the so-called “foundational crisis of mathematics” (end of the 19th century and first half of the 20th century). More specifically, this project aims at assessing the role of philosophical speculations in the elaboration of topology. If we decided to focus on the latter theory, it is not only because of its intrinsic value (which is to be found significantly in the light it sheds on extremely rich philosophical questions, and namely that of “continuity”), but also because it is dependent, in a way that needs to be clarified, on the fact that the complete works of its founders are defined by a prolific philosophical output. We refer here namely to Hausdorff, who initiated the axiomatization of the theory, of the very notion of “topological space”, and whose “Kanto-nietzschean” epistemology can be a source of perplexity. If we have otherwise mentioned the foundational crisis in mathematics, it’s because the elaboration of topology, albeit largely contemporary and depending on the latter (inasmuch as the Cantorian works on point-sets and order types opened a research area covered by some of the first topologists) is nevertheless different in its particular orientations. More than pertaining to the foundationalist frame, the early works on topology are more of a reappropriation, on their own terms, of a certain “technical luggage” given by or causing the crisis.The genesis of topology thus sheds an original light on the question of the types of dialogue between philosophy and mathematics. And in this respect, the case of Hausdorff, who, under the name of Paul Mongré, had created a “literary double” (philosopher, poet, playwright and essayist), plays a major role –and is properly the subject of our study. This double identity, which partly explains the separation line traced in the general works between the purely mathematical production and philosophical speculations (both unpublished in French and having very distinct posterities) is at the starting point of an intriguing one-voice dialogue between a name famous in the field of mathematics and its philosophical “moniker”. The thematics they both deal with are often “connected”: the reflexions, related to the notion of “continuity”, on time and space, as well as the conception (quite original at that time since “logical empiricism” was yet to be created) of a formalism as element of true empiricism, obviously play a positive role- to be defined as such- for the elaboration of general topology. On the other side, a conception of mathematics as a critical tool applied to philosophy begins to take shape. More specifically, certain texts such as the Raumproblem and the conferences of 1903-1904 (unpublished), are true junction points between the two “sections” of the works. Finally, Hausdorff’s original stance on the first set-theoretic questionings has -downstream- manifest roots in philosophy and accounts for –upstream- how the mathematician could have led the Cantorian theory on new research fields
Lévy-Tadjine, Thierry. "L'interaction entre jeu interne et jeu externe dans la dynamique de l'entreprise." Paris 9, 1994. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1994PA090001.
Brougère, Gilles. "Jeu et éducation : le jeu dans la pédagogie préscolaire depuis le romantisme." Paris 5, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA05H079.
This thesis is both an enquiry into the relationship between play and education and a contribution to plotting their relationship correctly. To this end, it analyses past and present texts which deal with the relationship of play and education, in order to understand the logic of their being linked. Initially the thinking of those writers begin the intellectual debate on the educationnal value of play is examined. This is followed by its practice in the world of schools as exemplified the French nursery school by looking at official and semi-official pronouncements from this institution. Contemporary evidence is taken from research, in questionnaire and interview form conducted with the appropriate teachers. The reality behind pronouncements linking play and education is taken from different contexts, through statements to the various regulations. All these data lead to a proposed global analysis of the relationship between play and education, including the constant paradox of the frivolous and the serious set face to face
Attigui, Patricia. "Jeu, transfert et psychose." Paris, EHESS, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989EHES0301.
This research work on transference and counter-transference originated in theatrical experiments carried out with psychotic patients from a day-care unit. To elicit a "play-field" within psychosis appeared as a necessity not only because it considerably upsets the psychotic's terrifying need to stay within bounds but also because it provides him with a vital breathing space in his attitude towards law. Identifying with a character seems to usher in psychic restructuring. Laughter, humour and derision allow the subject to "tame his insanity" and to show others a different face. Appealing to emotions, to memories through play, gives the subject an opportunity to reshape his view of the world through niew experiences. Thus, being able to start anew, the mechanisms of defence and the symbolic function seem to be restored. The theatrical stage may and should become the medium fostering communication from unconscious to unconscious. Out of this process the stage-directing therapist, integrating what is revealed by his patient, is given an insight into himself and the other. The therapeutic effect thus depends on this interaction between the therapist and the patient on the one hand, the stage-director and the actor on the other hand. Therefore, theses experiments may enable us to comprehend more fully the very nature pf the psychotic phenomenon
Dior, Julie. "Visage, masque et jeu." Paris 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA030185.
This thesis begins with the idea of a certain reciprocity between the face and the masque. This idea is contained in the greek word prosopon, which designates the face as well as the mask and thus indicates that the two are in an inseparable couple-relationship. By introducing a separate word for "face", the romans fatally altered this concept. Topology, the science of variations and invariables, confirms ancient greek thought on the mask : the mask is simply the most exagger ated example of the transformations of a face which is itself in a perpetual state of change or becoming. More profondly , all subjects for lacan, and all languages for jakobson, are a construction of or a play between metaphore and metonymy. The subject is a pure signifier, deprived of essence-- a series of masks-- which lacan illustrated by means of topolog ical figures and the mask itself. Deleuze, serres and badiou have, each in their own manner, incorporated this concept in discourses that are, however, very different one from the other. After its initial exposition, this theory of masks i s articulated in several contexts : baroque court festivities using arcimboldo's paintings as a point of departure, pira ndello and the calling into question of identity, the image in the mirror and the double in theatre, the cinematographic c lose-up as mask, as well as a selection of contemporary mises en scene. The final chapter introduces the category of r eal, or that which resists all attempts at formalization and which is thus radically distinct from symbolical (metaphorical) and imaginary (metonymical). A reflection follows on what the topological concept of identity signifies f or the mask and the face in theatre
Oberlé, Dominique. "Créativité et jeu dramatique." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608512p.
Hebert, Camille Quentel Jean-Claude. "Du jeu au Je." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=17981.
Solinski, Boris. "Ludologie : jeu, discours, complexité." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0129.
Considering play as an act is assigning it intent and purpose. Its problem is less its identification as play, obvious to everyone, that a problem of communicating the idea of what is being played: « So, what is play ? If no one asks me, I know; but if I want to explain when people ask me, I do not know anymore. » (L. Wittgenstein). More than play, this is a rethoric which is the topic of our research, that is to say this dynamics that involves the act of playing and makes human a player belongs to the intermediate area of experience (D. Winnicott). A rethoric at the interface between human rethoric of play and play rethoric about human, a playful rethoric of the ludic way : a ludology.Approaching play as it express itself, from implicit to explicit, from mythology to literature or epistemic thought about play, leads to focus on the values that play conveys and through it can be recognized, since play is not a form but a modalization: « what we believe is happening » (E. Goffman).From the functions of play, it is possible to organize the playful rethoric and, beyond the simple field of study, to develop a framework of ludologic understanding. This framework no more favours a rethoric over another nor the creation of a new rethoric, but definitely the articulation of the rethorics of play, not emphasizing components but the consistency of their dialogue (S. Genvo), consequence of the dynamics of the ludic way. Indeed, from a complex perspective (E. Morin), all theses rethorics of play do not contradict but complement and fertilize each other, provided we consider them potentially, for what each is likely to point out from the other.As rethoric of play rethoric, ludology is its homothetic, at the interface of human and his play, narration and simulation, time and space where the potentiality that play opens to human is realized in the choice that does not belong entirely to one or to the other, but whose interaction finally makes possible « the exercise of possibilities » (J. Henriot), providing the play, with the accomplishment of human, its condition as its purpose: its playful feature as synonymous with fun.So, undertaking play from a communicational and semiotic point of view makes possible to identify the specificity and scope of human play that embodies the ludic way. Ludology is this rethoric of the rethoric of play as a prospective, projective, creative and experiential way of knowledge that enriches human and social sciences
Solinski, Boris. "Ludologie : jeu, discours, complexité." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0129/document.
Considering play as an act is assigning it intent and purpose. Its problem is less its identification as play, obvious to everyone, that a problem of communicating the idea of what is being played: « So, what is play ? If no one asks me, I know; but if I want to explain when people ask me, I do not know anymore. » (L. Wittgenstein). More than play, this is a rethoric which is the topic of our research, that is to say this dynamics that involves the act of playing and makes human a player belongs to the intermediate area of experience (D. Winnicott). A rethoric at the interface between human rethoric of play and play rethoric about human, a playful rethoric of the ludic way : a ludology.Approaching play as it express itself, from implicit to explicit, from mythology to literature or epistemic thought about play, leads to focus on the values that play conveys and through it can be recognized, since play is not a form but a modalization: « what we believe is happening » (E. Goffman).From the functions of play, it is possible to organize the playful rethoric and, beyond the simple field of study, to develop a framework of ludologic understanding. This framework no more favours a rethoric over another nor the creation of a new rethoric, but definitely the articulation of the rethorics of play, not emphasizing components but the consistency of their dialogue (S. Genvo), consequence of the dynamics of the ludic way. Indeed, from a complex perspective (E. Morin), all theses rethorics of play do not contradict but complement and fertilize each other, provided we consider them potentially, for what each is likely to point out from the other.As rethoric of play rethoric, ludology is its homothetic, at the interface of human and his play, narration and simulation, time and space where the potentiality that play opens to human is realized in the choice that does not belong entirely to one or to the other, but whose interaction finally makes possible « the exercise of possibilities » (J. Henriot), providing the play, with the accomplishment of human, its condition as its purpose: its playful feature as synonymous with fun.So, undertaking play from a communicational and semiotic point of view makes possible to identify the specificity and scope of human play that embodies the ludic way. Ludology is this rethoric of the rethoric of play as a prospective, projective, creative and experiential way of knowledge that enriches human and social sciences
Visconti, Jean-François. "Risque moral, confiance et culture : validité et déterminants socio-démographiques du construit de confiance générale." Paris, ENSAM, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENAM0044.
We present two empirical studies about the cultural determinants of the general trust attitude and its influence on consumer behavior. A survey conducted between 1999 and 2003 on a sample of 103 persons shows the validity of two general trust scales (General Trust and Turst in People) and their abiblity to evaluate an individual's propension to buy on the internet. The data from the World Value Survey (1990-1993), wich includes the Trust in People scale, show that nationality has a stronger influence on trust then socio-demographic variables (sex, age, eduction level, income, size of town, marital status and religion). We also find that trust is strongly correlated with the cultural dimensions of individualism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance and masculinity (trust is higher in scandinavian and english-speaking countries than in continental Europe and South America). Finally, we show that trust levels are strongly correlated with an index of electronic commerce development. We conclude that general trust is a cultural variable and that this partly explains with electronic commerce grows at a difference speed in different countries
Lamoureux, Marie-Ève. "Confiance interethnique : le cas de l’Afrique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/9563.
Edel, Vincent. "La confiance en droit des contrats." Montpellier 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MONT1023.
Pourtallier, Odile. "Étude d'un jeu dynamique en information incomplète : le jeu du chasseur et du lapin." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4417.
Al-Assouad, Nabil. "Le jeu et le comédien." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA030075.
This work tries to analyse the playing part of the actor's work. This analysis is done in the playing area constituted by a specific space and a specific time wich is no more than the performance itself. The players activity is regulated by a number of rules wich determine the construction of the character. The character is considered a transitional object
Duflo, Colas. "Le jeu : une approche philosophique." Besançon, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BESA1025.
Ferrari, Vincent. "Perception dynamique au jeu d'échecs." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10085.
AKIKI, ROLAND. "Jeu et mystique chez nietzsche." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20055.
Could nietzsche be a mystic ? this question has been the point of departure of our research. To be a mystic one single thing matters : experience. One had to demonstrate , justify and defend this thesis. Nietzsche did have the experience ; he expressed himself in mystical ways in most of his writtings and notably in this is how zarathoustra spoch. The central issue around this experience of self is the dionysiac question, the cosmic dance which leaves man and "his body" to rise toward the sublime. If the body is characterised by his vulnerability in face of all sorts of diseases, in the dance that calls for the originating music or appeals to the tragic silence, nietzsche has given man the possibility to surmount and reach the superhuman, not only to purify an instinct and refine a primitive passion, but also to combat nihilism, the century's disease, and the criticism against christianity, morality, and idealism in general. In comparison with rumi, the founder of the (whirling) dervishes, we have tried to discover where the dance leads : while playing rhythm of the cosmos, man, as a traveller, and dancer, meets the absolute, i. E. , the highest power in order to confirm his ability of reaching the ultimate status, and pass from the obedient dependence to the creative paternity exhaling the aroma of bliss which is the twin sister of "christic" love. The issue concerning the "nietzschean mystique" seems to be mainly a matter of metaphysics and ontology, posing the problem of human metamorphosis as well as man, as an entity in himself, as a travelling being, a dancer, and religious creature by definition
Leblanc, Marie-Cécile. "Jeu de rôle et engagement." Paris ; Budapest ; Torino : l'Harmattan, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38924749p.
Bibliogr. p. 323-331.
Vance, Anthony Osborn. "Faire confiance aux artefacts technologiques : Analyse de l'influence de la confiance sur l'utilisation des technologies de l'information." Paris 9, 2008. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2008PA090067.
Colin, Olivier. "L'enfant autiste en-jeu, joue-t-il un jeu ludique ? : évaluation du niveau ludique du jeu chez 5 enfants autistes et 5 enfants témoins." Montpellier 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996MON11107.
Chabot, Alexandre. "Capacité de mentalisation et jeu de l'enfant : proposition d'une méthode d'évaluation par l'observation du jeu." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5875.
Bénézech, Marine. "Serious games : le jeu en tension, rencontres entre jeu (vidéo), intention sérieuse et univers narratif." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU20081/document.
This thesis’ purpose is an exploration and study of narrative serious games’ writing modalities from the audiovisual research field point of view. Those tools have both a playful goal and a serious intention, tending also to reach narrative undertakings. The joint between play, seriousness and narrative is the main basis of this PhD research.This thesis’ stake can be defined as the need of understanding how play can be discern in serious games, as the approach of the way the serious intention is set forth and the determination of the reasons why a narrative dimension is setted.Our research is based on a 42 serious games’ corpus, which we have analyzed relying on semio-pragmatic.We had first seek to identify their cultural influence. We aimed to define objects which serious games inherited. Then we aimed to establish the « Playfull Based Act » of serious games and to highlight the major presence of « game pragmatic markers ».The playfull experience is however often felt as restricted especially because of challenges based on gaming lures or illusions. So we explored the reasons of the playfull obstruction and established the importance of writing in serious games. We have been able to define two types of narrative serious games structures from those previous elements : in alternance and in association. In the alternance structure, users are successively confronted to playfull, serious and narrative dimensions, which never be melted or crossed.In the association structure, those three dimensions answer to each other.We have developped a « real shot » serious game for general practioners in parallel,in order to train them to communication.The thoughts and researches conducted during scenario writing and the two prototypes' making and analysis have led us to emphasize the constraint aspect of the « alternance mode » of some of the games, but also its power of emphasize the serious intention of serious games, in the contrary of « association structure » which minore it
Bradai, Amira. "Secured trust and reputation system : analysis of malicious behaviors and optimization." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0019.
Reputation mechanisms offer a novel and effective way of ensuring the necessary level of trust which is essential to the functioning of any critical system. They collect information about the history (i.e., past transactions) of participants and make public their reputation. Prospective participants guide their decisions by considering reputation information, and thus make more informative choices. Online reputation mechanisms enjoy huge success. They are present in most e-commerce sites available today, and are seriously taken into consideration by human users. Existing reputation systems were conceived with the assumption that users will share feedback honestly. But, such systems like those in peer to peer are generally compromise of malicious users. This leads to the problem in cooperation, aggregation and evaluation. Some users want to use resources from network but do not want to contribute back to the network. Others manipulate the evaluations of trust and provide wrong estimation. We have recently seen increasing evidence that some users strategically manipulate their reports and behave maliciously. For proper protecting against those users, some kind of reputation management system is required. In some system, a trusted third entity exists and can aggregate the information. However, Peer-to-peer networks don’t have any central control or repository. Large size of distributed and hybrid networks makes the reputation management more challenging task. Hence reputation management system should perform all the tasks in distributed fashion. When these kinds of systems are implemented, peers try to deceive them to take maximum advantage. This thesis describes ways of making reputation mechanisms more trustworthy and optimized by providing defense mechanism and analysis. Different kinds of malicious behaviors exist and for each one, we present a complete analysis, simulation and a real use case example in distributed and non-distributed way
Benamour, Yasmine. "Confiance interpersonnelle et confiance institutionnelle dans la relation client-entreprise de service : une application au secteur bancaire français." Paris 9, 2000. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2000PA090029.
Ebende, Kouedi Sandrine Sara. "Le rôle de la confiance initiale dans la phase d'établissement de la relation consommateur-marque." Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0050.
This doctoral research aims to investigate the role of initial trust in the establishment phase of the relationship between consumer and brand. We first conducted an exploratory qualitative study with a sample of 24 subjects. In this study, we opted for a new brand for the interviewees, since it is precisely in this case that the initial trust should be more difficult to establish for the brand. The results of this exploratory study reveal an initial consumer trust towards a new brand which refers to a presumption by the consumer that the new brand is reliable and honest. It is formed from four types of factors: factors related to the brand, to third parties, to individual consumer and to risk perception. In addition, it generates two outcomes that are intention to buy and intention to recommend the brand. We then conducted an online survey among a sample of 421 women to test our research hypotheses. This is done through a questionnaire preceded by a scenario focused on a new brand of anti-wrinkle cream which is designed for research purposes. The results of this study show that: (1) the initial trust towards a new brand is one-dimensional and not two-dimensional concept; (2) some factors positively influence initial trust towards a new brand: the positive perception of word of mouth, point of sale, country of origin and packaging of this brand; (3) other factors negatively influence the initial trust towards a new brand (the perceived high price of this brand) or have no effect on the latter (positive perception of the brand advertising, the propensity to trust, and openness of the consumer); (4) the perceived risk associated with the product category has a moderating effect on the relationship between positive perception of signals emit by companies (the price, country of origin, point of sale, packaging and advertising) and third (word of mouth) on the one hand, and initial trust towards a new brand on the other hand; (5) the initial trust towards a new brand is a determinant of intention to buy and intention to recommend this brand.Keywords: trust, initial trust, brand