Дисертації з теми "Japan History Meiji period"
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1
Chen, Shuangli, and 陳霜麗. "Cultivating new ryōsai kenbo : St. Agnes' School in the Meiji period." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209473.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the contribution and influence that American Protestant missionary girls’ schools had on Japanese women’s education during the Meiji period. Between 1868 and 1912, over thirty missionary girls’ schools were established. These schools had the primary aim of introducing Christianity to Japanese female students. However, at the same time, they provided young women with opportunities for schooling outside of their families and played a pioneering role in promoting “Western enlightenment” inside and outside the classrooms. Set against the backdrop of Japan’s modernization efforts, this thesis uses as a case study St. Agnes’ School (Heian Jogakkō), one of the oldest missionary girls’ schools in the Kansai region, to consider how it cultivated new middle-class women through its education.
Under the slogan of ryōsai kenbo (good wife, wise mother), the Japanese government introduced primary school education for girls as a part of its initiative to build a modern nation. The government considered the home women’s proper sphere and showed little interest in developing women’s secondary and higher education in the first two decades. Therefore it was private schools including missionary girls’ schools like St. Agnes’ that stepped in and filled the void for secondary education. Furthermore, the school introduced advanced courses such as bungaku bu (Arts Division) and kasei bu (Home Economics Division) in 1895. The aim of bungaku bu was to cultivate women who could engage in work for the public benefit.
St. Agnes’ School was established by the Episcopal Church of the United States of America in 1875 in Osaka and later moved to Kyoto in 1895. The thesis explores the academics and practical skills St. Agnes’ taught in its classrooms, chapel, and dormitory. These included English language, Bible classes, science, physical training, and domestic science, including skills such as needlework and the concept of hygiene, which were considered important for American middle-class women. In addition, the school presented regulations on girl students’ decorum, provided a mentoring relationship between missionaries and students, and encouraged girl students to participate in charity and volunteer work such as raising funds for the poor, orphans, and disaster victims.
By using historical documents, including the letters of American Episcopal missionaries and students’ letters and essays in from the archives of St. Agnes’ School, the thesis argues that missionary girls’ schools like St. Agnes’ School cultivated new ryōsai kenbo and ultimately new middle-class womanhood. It presents a case study of its two star graduates: Ukita Fuku, a scholarship recipient who later became a teacher at her alma mater; and Izumi Sonoko, who successfully developed American cookie-baking skills into a family business and became one of the most successful businesswomen and philanthropists of her time. Through their missionary school education, they acted as new middle-class women who engaged in “socially sanctioned activities” such as teaching and charity services in the social sphere. The education helped to construct new norms for middle-class women who worked in both domestic and social spheres in modern Japan.published_or_final_version
Modern Languages and Cultures
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
2
Thouny, Christophe. "Mapping Tokyo : cartography and modernity in Japan in the early Meiji period." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33935.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies of the Early Meiji Period have until now been mainly articulated around the issue of continuity and discontinuity between the Edo and Meiji eras. Thus Tokyo has become the central locus of production of multiple discourses on Japanese modernity, urbanity and culture.This work adopts a discontinuist approach by considering each era as two entirely distinct, although related, historical assemblages. For this, I focus my study on the conditions of production of Tokyo as a modern urban space. The entry into modernity is the crossing of a threshold. As Edo is marked by the order of the general equivalent and the law of the sumptury, Tokyo is produced in abstract space. We shift from an essentially heterogeneous space to a homogeneous, fragmented and hierarchized space. Following Henri Lefebvre, I try to analyze the production of modern abstract space as it is associated with a new mode of control of social space through administrative policies, cartography and urbanism.
3
Wong, Kenneth Ka Kin. "The evolution of military justice system of the imperial Japanese army in the Meiji era, 1868-1912." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2018. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/494.
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In 1868, the Meiji government decided to establish a military system that would improve not only the fighting capacity but also the military discipline of Japan's army. On the one hand the Meiji leaders rebuilt Japan's army with inspiration from Western models, initially the French. On the other hand they adopted from Western countries modern military justice system, that helped to shape gradually the Japanese navy and army in the 19th century.;This thesis delves deep into the introduction and evolution of the military justice system in the Meiji era, in an effort to explain how it helped reshape military discipline within the Imperial Japanese Army. Utilizing a range of primary sources, it studies the creation and enforcement of the military justice system from a military history rather than legal history perspective. It is hoped that this thesis reveals the crucial role that the military justice system played in Japan's military modernization during this period. The findings also explain why military discipline of the Imperial Japanese Army began to decline again after the Russo-Japanese War.
4
Walker, Brett L. "William Smith Clark: A Study in Education, Christianity, and American-Japanese Cooperation in the Nineteenth Century." PDXScholar, 1993. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4640.
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In March, 1990, I was hired to teach English in Japan at a small, private academy in Chitose, Hokkaido. The school was called the Academy of Clark's Spirit. My first day at work I was asked by my boss, Sato Masako: "So Mr. Walker, of course you know who Dr. Clark is?" I told Mr. Sato that I was sorry, but that I did not. "You said in your resume that you are a history student? We named this school after him. He's one of the most important people in Hokkaido's history," he said, looking disappointed. Mr. Sato explained that he wanted me to teach with the spirit of Clark in mind and bring to his classrooms what Clark brought to Hokkaido over a hundred years before. I nodded and asked to see my apartment. I began this study of William Smith Clark after my first stay in Hokkaido. It is the product of my interest in modern Japanese history, particularly Japan's relationship with the United States. The first leg of this project was started in Amherst, Massachusetts, where I met with Dr. John Maki. He directed me through the Clark collection at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst. I had several interviews with Maki during the week I was in Massachusetts and was given liberal access to the Clark collection under his influence. The second leg of my study was continued in Sapporo, Hokkaido. I met with Dr. Toshiyuki Akizuki at Hokkaido University and was shown through the Clark collection there. I lived in Hokkaido for about two years and have kept notes on the tribute paid to Clark and visible signs of his impact on the northern island. The focus of this study is to look at Clark's contribution to the development of Hokkaido by detailing his work in education, Christianity, and agriculture. By focusing on Clark's particular contribution to Hokkaido a larger historical trend, that is, the importation of foreign ideas in the history of Meiji Japan, is better understood. ~he results of this study conclude that Clark was an important figure in the history of Hokkaido's settlement, and to the development of nineteenth century Japan.,. ,Clark was also an important figure in the history of the relations between Japan and the United states., It is in lasting institutions like Hokkaido University and the Sapporo Independent Christian Church where Clark's impact is best illustrated. These institutions, particularly the university, were the nerve centers for Hokkaido's development, and Clark planted these seeds of enlightenment, under the direction of the Meiji government, in the fertile northern soil. I have gained a better understanding of Clark's stay in Hokkaido because of this project, but doubt that I could even now satisfy Mr. Sato's insistence that I teach with Clark's spirit. I do understand, however, why it was important to Mr. Sato that I try. Clark's phrase "Boys Be Ambitious" still embodies the spirit of many educators in Hokkaido and his success with Japanese students is one of the better examples of international exchange in any country. Clark is cherished by the people of Hokkaido as the spiritual pioneer of their island even though his stay
5
McArthur, Ian Douglas. "Mediating Modernity - Henry Black and Narrated Hybridity in Meiji Japan." University of Sydney. School of European, Asian and Middle Eastern Languages and Studies, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/518.
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Henry Black was born in Adelaide in 1858, but arrived in Japan in 1864 after his father became editor of the Japan Herald. In the late 1870s, Henry Black addressed meetings of members of the Freedom and People�s Rights Movement. His talks were inspired by nineteenth-century theories of natural rights. That experience led to his becoming a professional storyteller (rakugoka) affiliated with the San�y� school of storytelling (San�yuha). Black�s storytelling (rakugo) in the 1880s and 1890s was an attempt by the San�y�ha to modernise rakugo. By adapting European sensation fiction, Black blended European and Japanese elements to create hybridised landscapes and characters as blueprints for audiences negotiating changes synonymous with modernity during the Meiji period. The narrations also portrayed the negative impacts of change wrought through emulation of nineteenth-century Britain�s Industrial Revolution. His 1894 adaptation of Oliver Twist or his 1885 adaptation of Mary Braddon�s Flower and Weed, for example, were early warnings about the evils of child labour and the exploitation of women in unregulated textile factories. Black�s kabuki performances parallel politically and artistically inspired attempts to reform kabuki by elevating its status as an art suitable for imperial and foreign patronage. The printing of his narrations in stenographic books (sokkibon) ensured that his ideas reached a wide audience. Because he was not an officially hired foreigner (yatoi), and his narrations have not entered the rakugo canon, Black has largely been forgotten. A study of his role as a mediator of modernity during the 1880s and 1890s shows that he was an agent in the transfer to a mass audience of European ideas associated with modernity, frequently ahead of intellectuals and mainstream literature. An examination of Black�s career helps broaden our knowledge of the role of foreigners and rakugo in shaping modern Japan.
6
Traganou, Georgia. "The transformations of the Tôkaidô from the Edo to the Meiji Period." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286123.
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7
李玉香 and Yuk-heung Li. "Women's education in Meiji Japan and the development of Christian girls' schools." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1993. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31233788.
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Okumura, Nao. "Japanese Dialect Ideology from Meiji to the Present." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3142.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The intent of this study is to examine the trajectory of ideology regarding standard Japanese and dialects from the historical perspective, and also to discuss the cause of the post-war shift of the ideology. Before the war, the government attempted to disseminate hyojun-go aiming at creating a unified Japan in the time when many countries were developing to be nation states after industrial revolution. After the Pacific war, the less strict-sounding term kyotsu-go was more often used, conveying an ideology of democratization. Yet despite the difference in the terms, speaking a common language continues to play a role of unifying the country.
Today there is great interest in regional dialects in Japan. Although kyotsu-go is the common language, most people, especially in urban areas, are familiar with (if not fluent in) kyotsu-go. Due to the development of media and mobilization there are few people who cannot understand kyotsu-go. However, until around the 1970s people were more likely to believe in the superiority of standard Japanese (hyojun-go). Standard language was believed to be superior as a result of language policy that had its origins in Meiji and lasted through WWII. This included education policy that required school children to learn hyojun-go. After the war, in a process of democratization there emerged greater acceptance of language variety: dialect. Thus, there has been a shift in language ideology in Japan, and the people's interests in dialects is one indicator of this. This shift is analyzed here from the perspective of Bourdieu's notion of social and linguistic capital, tying it to policy, historical events and societal change.
9
Deneckere, Mick. "Shimaji Mokurai (1838-1911) and the restoration of Shin Buddhism in bakumatsu and early Meiji Japan." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708910.
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Service, Jonathan. "Orchestrating Modernity, Singing the Self: Theories of Music in Meiji and Taisho Japan." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10381.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this thesis is to use the history of music theory to study cultural change in Japan. It has been said that “music is number” (Sima Qian), that it is the “organon of philosophy” (Schelling), that the discovery of the identity of certain simple mathematical ratios with the basic aural consonances—ascribed to Ling Lun in the East and Pythagoras in the West—is the inaugural instance of the “mathematization of reality.” It is this isomorphic relationship between mathematics and music that allows us to unlock the latter and all that it represents with the precision of the former. Indeed, it is my contention that music theory provides one of the crispest articulations of particular mentalités. This thesis is comprised of six chapters Chapter one outlines the history of music theory and shows how it applies to the history of modern Japan. Chapter two describes the way that music theory changed musical sensibility: music-theoretical ideas were imported by bureaucrats, actualized in school songbooks, and through these and other means suppressed the initially unfavorable reaction to Western music through a concerted effort to "hear through" the music to the ideas beneath. Chapter three looks at the way that the twelve tone equal division of the octave functioned analogously to Panofsky's perspectival "symbolische Form": a condition of possibility that rendered intellectually invisible other ways of organizing sound. Chapter four investigates the idea of a “natural scale” and traces attempts in Japan to provide rational, scientific justifications for Japanese scalar formations. Chapter five shows how a particular form of the pentatonic scale—one that both overlapped with the "universal" scale of pre-modernity and was compatible with the diatonic system—came to represent the “Japanese essence” within the constraints of the twelve tone system. Chapter six discusses the double nature of this pentatonic scale through a description of how it symbolized Japan’s entry into the “rationality” of the modern musical system while simultaneously objectifying “Japan” within that system as a specific lack.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
11
Andrews, Charles A. "From post station to post office communications in Tokugawa and early Meiji Japan /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3337274.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of East Asian Languages and Cultures, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 28, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-12, Section: A, page: 4833. Adviser: Richard Rubinger.
12
Schencking, J. Charles. "The political emergence of the Imperial Japanese Navy in Late Meiji and Early Taisho Japan, 1893-1921." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272586.
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13
Wu, Nan-Wei. "Architectonics of seismicity : building and colonial culture in Japan and Taiwan from the Meiji Period to the Second World War." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7602.
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Architectural tectonics and the relationship of structural expression to ornament has been one of the oldest and most consistent themes in western architectural theory. For instance, the discussions of architectonics can be seen in the foundational literature from the Classical period, is present in Neo-classical architectural styles, in debates associated with modernist architecture, and in the latest digital interpretations of architecture. Tectonics and the idea that architecture ought to draw its aesthetic effects from its structural and material composition has, as a consequence, become a normative aspect of architectural theory and practice. Yet, in many situation cultural and geographical contexts this position does not have such a normative status. This thesis examines the legacy of this theme in architectural theory and practice in the particular cultural and geographical context of Japan and Taiwan. It focuses on the colonial cultural relationship between these countries, and to the West, as well as considering the seismic conditions that govern the culture of building around the Pacific West coast – the Ring of Fire. The argument that I will propose is that although the discussion of tectonics in westernised Japan has been scanty, the attitude and strategies the Japanese adopted for designing architecture and considering the relationship between structures and architectural surfaces can be framed differently. The difference between the traditional Japanese approaches to these questions and conventional Western considerations, is, in part, related to the significance of earthquakes to Japanese culture. The two traditions are not isolated. Japan was famously quick to adopt Western technologies and knowledge in the early twentieth century. In the context of architecture and building, this relationship produced a complex hybrid architectural culture in which the Japanese developed their own construction system and their attitude to the relationship between the structures and architectural surfaces. The thesis examines a further layer to this technological and cultural hybrid by examining the relationship between Japan and its colony Taiwan. The thesis argues that Japan’s relationship to the West, and its adoption and hybridization of architectural culture is evident in a complex way through their own colonial relationship to Taiwan. Through reviewing debates on structure and ornament in architecture in the Far East, the thesis adopts the concept of skeuomorph into this theoretical frame. Locating the concept of skeuomorph in this frame and interpreting the Japanese and Taiwanese cases by this concept allows us to reconsider the normative status of architectonic principles in architectural theory, and contribute to an understanding of colonial architectural history in the East Asia.
14
Meyer, Laura M. "The Goryo cult in Heian period Japan: a study in history, religion, and culture." Thesis, Boston University, 2004. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/27722.
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15
Stark, Ken. "Wealth and power in Yayoi Period Northern Kyushu." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/29599.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is concerned with the analysis of grave goods, from Yayoi period cemetery sites in northern Kyushu, to test for the presence of status rivalry and competition between leaders of different . communities. The study consists of a test of two major hypotheses that were derived from a model that links economic and political success of chiefs with wealth display and the mortuary ritual. Hypothesis 1 stated that status rivalry was present in the development of social ranking within communities in northern Kyushu. The key pattern in this case is that change in political authority is indicated by change in patterns of wealth distribution and display. Since there was a trend toward a lack of change in the number of separate wealth rank levels among burials, meaning a lack of change in patterns of wealth distribution, the analysis results disproved Hypothesis 1. Hypothesis 2 stated that status rivalry and competition ensured short-term political success and fluctuations in patterns of wealth distribution between sites in a regional exchange hierarchy. As a result, major structural changes occurred in the organization of the existing wealth exchange network. Since the analysis revealed that regions with the most developed hierarchy experienced the greatest upheaval and change in organizational structure, Hypothesis 2 was not disproven. Overall, the results show that structural change in wealth exchange systems occurred on a regional scale more than change in internal rank ordering and wealth control within sites. If wealth possession was an indicator of power, political control in Yayoi period northern Kyushu was of a very precarious nature.Arts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
16
Padgett, Brian David. "The Bioarchaeology of Violence During the Yayoi Period of Japan." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1586549883443371.
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17
Nakatsu, Masaya. "Les missions militaires françaises au Japon entre 1867 et 1889." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC299.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Depuis l’inauguration de relations diplomatiques avec les pays étrangers entre 1854 et 1858, le Japon cherche à rattraper son retard, cumulé pendant toute la période fermeture de l’archipel, dans divers domaines, par rapport aux pays occidentaux et, pour atteindre cet objectif, les Japonais n’hésitent pas à avoir recours aux experts étrangers qui ont pour mission de transmettre leurs connaissances et d’aider à la modernisation du Japon. La France est un de ces pays contributeurs, et la collaboration franco-japonaise est fortement marquée dans le domaine militaire sous la forme de l’envoi au Japon de missions militaires entre 1867 et 1889. L’envoi de ces missions françaises s’inscrit dans l’histoire de la coopération entre les deux pays. Elles ont pour objectif d’instruire des officiers et soldats japonais suivant la méthode française et d’établir l’ensemble des systèmes permettant de gérer une armée moderne sur le modèle français. La présence des militaires français sur le sol japonais doit être également considérée comme un des éléments clefs de la diplomatie française dans un Japon qui, au cours des années 1860, est fragilisé par la passation de pouvoir du shôgun à l’empereur et une guerre civile opposant les troupes des deux camps, et dont les nouveaux dirigeants cherchent, après la restauration de Meiji, à établir un Etat capable de rivaliser avec les puissances occidentales. Ainsi, les missions militaires françaises marquent non seulement l’étroitesse des relations entre ces deux pays, mais aussi l’aspiration de la France, à travers sa politique extrême-orientale, à être reconnue comme puissance globaleAfter Japan established diplomatic relations with foreign countries between 1854 and 1858, it tried to make progress in various areas following its isolationist period in an attempt to catch up to Western nations. To reach this goal, the Japanese encouraged visits from foreign experts who came to share their knowledge and to contribute to the modernization of the country in the second half of the 19th century. France was one of these international partners, and French-Japanese collaboration was strong in terms of military efforts through several French military missions to Japan between 1867 and 1889. The history of the cooperation between the two states often mentions these missions because French military instructors aimed to educate Japanese officers and soldiers following the French method, and the French officers founded a whole system that allowed Japan to manage its army based on the French model. Furthermore, the French military’s presence in Japan was a key element of French diplomacy in Japan in the 1860s, made possible by the transfer of power from the shogun to the emperor after the Meiji Restoration, whereby political leaders wanted to Westernize Japan. French military missions during this era not only represented the close relationship between the two countries, but also France’s goal of becoming a great global power
18
Brockman, Brittany. "Spirit Possession, Exorcism, and the Power of Women in the Mid-Heian Period." Wittenberg University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wuhonors1338405581.
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19
Funaiole, Matthew. "History and hierarchy : the foreign policy evolution of modern Japan." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/5843.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the foreign policy evolution of Japan from the time of its modernization during the mid-nineteenth century though the present. It is argued that infringements upon Japanese sovereignty and geopolitical vulnerabilities have conditioned Japanese leaders towards power seeking policy objectives. The core variables of statehood, namely power and sovereignty, and the perception of state elites are traced over this broad time period to provide a historical foundation for framing contemporary analyses of Japanese foreign policy. To facilitate this research, a unique framework that accounts for both the foreign policy preferences of Japanese leaders and the external constraints of the international system is developed. Neoclassical realist understandings of self-help and relative power distributions form the basis of the presented analysis, while constructivism offers crucial insights into ideational factors that influence state elites. Social Identity Theory, a social psychology theory that examines group behavior, is integrated to conceptualize the available policy options. Surveying Japanese foreign policy through this framework clarifies the seemingly irreconcilable shifts in Japan's foreign policy history and clearly delineates between political groups that embody distinct policy strategies and norms. Consequently, the main contribution of this thesis lies in the development of a theoretical framework that is uniquely positioned to identify historical trends in foreign policy. Owing to the numerous shifts in modern Japan's foreign policy history, this research identifies and examines three distinguishable Japanese “states”: Meiji Japan (1868 - 1912), Imperial Japan (1912 - 1945), and postwar Japan (1945 - present).
20
Racel, Masako N. "Finding their Place in the World: Meiji Intellectuals and the Japanese Construction of an East-West Binary, 1868-1912." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Meiji era (1868-1912) in Japanese history was characterized by the extensive adoption of Western institutions, technology, and customs. The dramatic changes that took place caused the era’s intellectuals to ponder Japan's position within the larger global context. The East-West binary was a particularly important part of the discourse as the intellectuals analyzed and criticized the current state of affairs and offered their visions of Japan’s future. This dissertation examines five Meiji intellectuals who had very different orientations and agendas: Fukuzawa Yukichi, an influential philosopher and political theorist; Shimoda Utako, a pioneer of women's education; Uchimura Kanzō, a Christian leader; Okakura Kakuzō, an art critic; and Kōtoku Shūsui, a socialist. Also considered here are related concepts such as "civilization (bunmei)," "barbarism," and "imperialism." Close examination of the five intellectuals' use of the East-West binary reveals that, despite their varied goals, they all placed Japan as the leader of the Easternworld. Collectively, Meiji intellectuals’ use of the East-West binary elevated both East and West, while largely deemphasizing the middle part of Eurasia and "South," such as Africa and South America.
21
Zhao, Hui. "Rethinking Constitutionalism in Late 19th and Early 20th Century China." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10631.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the tenets of Western political science, “limited government” is usually seen as the touchstone of modern constitutionalism. Yet significant issues can arise when one applies this framework to East Asia. By studying the origin of constitutionalism in China and Japan, my dissertation reexamines the idea that “limited government” is the core of modern constitutionalism. I argue that constitutionalism, as it was introduced in Meiji Japan and late Qing China, focused on strengthening the government rather than limiting it. Many might feel this affirms the popular belief in an inherent affinity for authoritarianism in the Chinese mind, but this dissertation disagrees, finding such a conclusion to be unfairly reductive, and dangerous to achieving a true cross-cultural understanding. It argues instead that Chinese constitutionalism’s desire to strengthen the state was not the manifestation of a cultural predisposition toward authoritarianism, but was instead consciously adopted and constructed in response to the chaotic realities of late 19th and early 20th century China. By studying the constitutional thought of Aristotle, Cicero, Machiavelli, Hobbes, the early English constitutionalists, Locke, Montesquieu, the American founding fathers, and others, I shine light on a dilemma that was as critical to late Qing China constitutionalism as it was to Aristotle’s ancient Greece, Machiavelli’s Renaissance Florence, and Lincoln’s splitting 19th century America: to achieve the delicate balance between a strong state and the limiting principles of a Republic. My argument calls for a reevaluation not only of Chinese constitutional thought, but also of current liberal constitutional theory, which tends to define the goal of constitutionalism simply as the limiting of governmental power. My research shows that the essential goal of constitutionalism, whether it takes place in the East or the West, in the present or the past, is not to move closer to one pole of authoritarianism or the other of limited government, but to strike an ideal balance between the two, depending on the specific context of a state’s time and place in history.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
22
Mizuno, Norihito. "Japan and its East Asian neighbors: Japan's perception of China and Korea and the making of foreign policy from the seventeenth to the nineteenth century." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1101744928.
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23
Morris, James Harry. "Rethinking the history of conversion to Christianity in Japan, 1549-1644." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15875.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis explores the history of Christianity and conversion to it in 16th and 17th Century Japan. It argues that conversion is a complex phenomenon which happened for a variety of reasons. Furthermore, it argues that due to the political context and limitations acting upon the mission, the majority of conversions in 16th and 17th Century Japan lacked an element of epistemological change (classically understood). The first chapter explores theories of conversion suggesting that conversion in 16th and 17th Century Japan included sorts of religious change not usually encapsulated in the term conversion including adhesion, communal and forced conversion. Moreover, it argues that contextual factors are the most important factors in religious change. The second chapter explores political context contending that it was the political environment of Japan that ultimately decided whether conversion was possible. This chapter charts the evolution of the Japanese context as it became more hostile toward Christianity. In the third chapter, the context of the mission is explored. It is argued that limitations acting upon the mission shaped post-conversion faith, so that changes to practice and ritual rather than belief became the mark of a successful conversion. The fourth chapter explores methods of conversion, the factors influencing it, and post-conversion faith more directly. It argues that Christianity spread primarily through social networks, but that conversion was also influenced by economic incentive, other realworld benefits, and Christianity's perceived efficacy. Building on Chapter Three, the final chapter also seeks to illustrate that the missionaries were not successful in their attempts to spur epistemological change or instil a detailed knowledge of theology or doctrine amongst their converts.
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Kimura, Masami. "Cultures of Modernity in the Making of the United States-Japan Cold War Alliance." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/305865.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation explores the cultural and intellectual factors in the remaking of US-Japan relations which transformed as the two countries transitioned from enemies to allies after 1945. Diverging from the traditional approaches of diplomatic and political history that, focusing on state actors, describe policymaking processes, I comparatively study public discourses in 1940s-early 1950s America and Japan where various groups and actors - politicians, bureaucrats, journalists, scholars, and intellectuals - participated and created. Both peoples shared a similar discourse concerning modernization and, indeed, developed parallel ideas about modern Japanese history and the causes of Japanese militarism, the postwar democratization of Japan, and the making of a postwar Asian peace. They believed in the European progressive view of history, variously interpreted, and judged Japan to be "underdeveloped," compared with the "advanced West," having become an unlawful aggressor nation in the 1930s. Such views of a "failed" modernity and subsequent war rationalized Allied occupation and democratization reforms in post-surrender Japan. The more influenced by Marxian theories, the more critical they were of Japan's incomplete modernization, and the more enthusiastic for Allied - or American - intervention in postwar reforms. American and Japanese discourses on the reform of Japan's political organization, namely constitutional revision, show similar reformist plans from reconstruction of the constitutional monarchy to republican options. Those adopting Marxist analyses found the root cause of Japan's undemocratic and aggressive nature in the emperor system called for its elimination; those who did not believe that democratization required the overthrow of monarchy suggested reforming Japan's imperial institution to make democratic government function better. In addition, both Americans and Japanese shared the Wilsonian idea of internationalism, and they expected Japan to reenter the postwar Asia-Pacific as a totally demilitarized, democratic, and pacifist country that could contribute to peace and development of the region. With the Cold War, the US policies for Asia and Japan altered. So did the internationalist visions, causing political debates in the United States and Japan. My work ultimately shows such parallel and intersecting cultures where US-Japan relations were rehabilitated in the immediate-postwar years.
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Hagen, Lindsay M. "Exemplifying the Modern Spirit: Japanization and Modernization in the Ceramic Art of Miyagawa Kozan (1842-1916), Shirayamadani Kitaro (1865-1948), and Itaya Hazan (1872-1963)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337717171.
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Shapiro, Jonathan Chira. "Hyphenated Japan: Cross-examining the Self/Other dichotomy in Ainu-Japanese material culture." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1494762526392067.
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Brightwell, Erin Leigh. ""The Mirror of China"| Language selection, images of China, and narrating Japan in the Kamakura period (1185-1333)." Thesis, Princeton University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3626441.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
"Kara kagami" (The Mirror of China) is something of an enigma—only six of an original ten scrolls survive, and there is no critical edition with comprehensive annotation or previous translation. A work composed for Imperial Prince-cum-Shogun Munetaka by the scion of a distinguished line of Confucian scholars, Fujiwara no Shigenori, on a topic of pressing interest in the thirteenth century—the fate of Continental China—it embodies many of the characteristic concerns of Kamakura Japan. Tensions between privatization and circulation of learning, imperial and warrior authority, Japan's envisioning of China and her relations thereto, as well as a larger cosmological narrative all run through the work. Yet they do so ways that challenge now long-held ideas of language, stance towards the Continent and its traditions, and narratives of generic development and resistance.
This dissertation explores the ways in which "The Mirror of China" defies familiar-yet-passé conceptions of medieval Japan. It examines afresh how three issues in medieval discourse—language selection, portrayals of China, and narrating Japan—are refracted in "The Mirror of China" in order to better understand text-based claims of political, cultural, and philosophical authority. "The Mirror of China"'s linguistically diverse manuscripts invite question of the worldviews or allegiances of identity a multilingual text can intimate. Its depiction of China and the implied narratives such a vision creates likewise differ markedly from those of contemporary works. And lastly, the linguistic and thematic innovation it brings to the Heian genre of "Mirror" writing marks a previously obscured turning point in medieval historiographic writing, one that allows an appreciation of the genre as a medieval experiment in crafting histories as legitimating narratives. Drawing on multiple understudied works in addition to better-known writings, this dissertation provides a new understanding of how medieval thinkers exploited languages, images, and traditions in order to create their own visions of authority.
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De, Groot Henk W. K. "The Study Of The Dutch Language In Japan During Its Period Of National Isolation (ca. 1641-1868)." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Japanese, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the middle of the seventeenth century until 1853, the Japanese shogunal government virtually isolated Japan from the rest of the world. Only the Chinese and the Dutch were allowed to maintain a trading post in the harbour of Nagasaki. All dealings with the Dutch traders were subject to strict controls, and the interpreters that were trained to liaise with them had to swear a blood oath to secrecy. Nevertheless, information regarding the scientific and technological advances that were made in the West during this period managed to penetrate this barrier, and eventually grew, to some extent with official sanction, into a popular branch of scholarship known as rengeku, literally 'Dutch learning'. Since nearly all of the academic knowledge that reached Japan from the West arrived in written Dutch, the Dutch language became the language of science in Japan during this period, and a necessary subject of study for allrangaku scholars. This thesis is the first study in English that examines the development of the study of the Dutch language in Japan during the period through an analysis of the textbooks and dictionaries that were produced in Japan. The works selected for this study are those considered to be representative of, or significant to, the development of the study of Dutch and attendant increase of awareness of Western linguistic concepts, many of which were imposed, for better or worse, on the Japanese language. Other, less influential documents, are occasionally also discussed, to demonstrate the false trails and misunderstandings that can emerge when a foreign language is presented to students without the benefit of demonstrated current and practical usage. Initially Dutch language study was restricted to the development of skills among the Dutch interpreters in Nagasaki, who compiled word lists for personal use. These lists developed from primitive and limited glossaries into relatively sophisticated Chinesestyle lexicons and finally evolved into the large-scale Haruma dictionaries of the early nineteenth century. Early attempts at understanding the structures of the Dutch language, both by interpreters and academics, failed to provide practical insights. An important i breakthrough was achieved when retired interpreter Shizuki Tadao (1760-1806) began to produce translations of Nederduytsche Spraakkonst('Dutch Grammar') by William Sewel, and applied Western linguistic concepts to the Japanese language. This new understanding gave rise to a consistent structural approach to the study of Dutch, as a result of which language study became more consistent and translations more sophisticated. Although the end of national isolation in the middle of the nineteenth century meant that the study of Dutch was soon abandoned in favour of other European languages, many words in the Japanese language, particularly in relation to science and technology, are of Dutch origin. More importantly, many of the principles and terminology the Japanese use to define the structures of their language stem from the insights into Western linguistics gained during those final decades of the period of national isolation.
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Kovacic, Mateja. "Technologies and paradigms of vision: from the scientific revolution of the Edo period to contemporary Japanese animation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/317.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis is mainly concerned with uncovering the meanings and associations embedded in the field of popular culture production in Japanese and European sociocultural contexts, using a comparative approach to unearth the effects, materials, and paradigms of the technological and scientific discourses during the Scientific Revolution. Linking the fields of the anthropology of technology and science, popular culture, and material culture studies, the thesis offers a historical overview of the development of machines and visual technologies in the Edo period, arguing that visuality is the key to delayering the cultural history of technology and science in Japanese popular culture, animation in particular. The objective of this work, therefore, is to look at the assemblage of the scientific, technological, and philosophical discourses to unveil the cultural processes between optical regimes, scientific practices, and popular culture. In its emphasis on the interconnectedness of visual technologies and the field of popular culture production, the thesis asserts that scientific development, particularly under the influence of the Scientific Revolution and Japanese Rangaku scholarship, is closely tied with the function of entertainment in Japanese society. With the understanding of technology as a total social phenomenon that interlocks the material and the symbolic in a complex network, which produces meanings and associations, the thesis further stresses the view that intellectual history cannot be separated from material culture studies; it also grapples with a number of existing scholarships on the history of science, particularly their inattentiveness to cultural histories in their historical surveys of scientific development. Finally, this work closely examines Oshii Mamoru's Ghost in the Shell and its sequels and the anime TV series Psycho-Pass to explore the tangled responses to the ideologies of the Euro-American mode of modernity.
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Haugen, Angela Jean. "Mounded Tomb Cultures of Three Kingdoms Period Korea and Yamato Japan: A Study of Golden Regalia and Cultural Interactions." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1276783062.
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Williams, Kristin Holly. "Visualizing the Child: Japanese Children's Literature in the Age of Woodblock Print, 1678-1888." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Children’s literature flourished in Edo-period Japan, as this dissertation shows through a survey of eighteenth-century woodblock-printed picturebooks for children that feature children in prominent roles. Addressing a persisting neglect of non-Western texts in the study of children’s literature and childhood per se, the dissertation challenges prevailing historical understandings of the origins of children’s literature and conceptions of childhood as a distinct phase of life. The explosive growth of print culture in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Japan not only raised expectations for adult literacy but also encouraged the spread of basic education for children and the publication of books for the young. The limited prior scholarship on Edo-period Japanese children’s books tends to dismiss them as a few isolated exceptions or as limited to moralistic primers and records of oral tradition. This dissertation reveals a long-lasting, influential, and varied body of children’s literature that combines didactic value with entertainment. Eighteenth-century picturebooks drew on literary and religious traditions as well as popular culture, while tailoring their messages to the interests and limitations of child readers. Organized in two parts, the dissertation includes two analytical chapters followed by five annotated translations of picturebooks (kōzeibyōshi and early kusazōshi). Among the illustrators that can be identified are ukiyoe artists like Torii Kiyomitsu (1735-1785). The first chapter analyzes the picturebook as a form of children’s literature that can be considered in terms analogous to those used of children’s literature in the West, and it provides evidence that these picturebooks were recognized by Japanese of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as uniquely suited to child readers. The second chapter addresses the ways in which woodblock-printed children’s literature was commercialized and canonized from the mid-eighteenth century through the latter years of the Edo period, and it shows that picturebooks became source material for new forms of children’s culture during that time. The translated picturebooks, from both the city of Edo and the Kamigata region, include a sample of eighteenth-century views of the child: developing fetus, energetic grandchild, talented student, unruly schoolboy, obedient helper at home, young bride-to-be, and deceased child under the care of the Bodhisattva Jizō.East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Cousin, Marion. "La "révolution" de l'enseignement de la géométrie dans le Japon de l'ère Meiji (1868-1912) : une étude de l'évolution des manuels de géométrie élémentaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10082/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Durant l'ère Meiji, afin d'occuper une position forte dans le concert des nations, le gouvernement japonais engage le pays dans un mouvement de modernisation. Dans le cadre de ce mouvement, les mathématiques occidentales, et en particulier la géométrie euclidienne, sont introduites dans l'enseignement. Cette décision est prise alors que, en raison du succès des mathématiques traditionnelles (wasan), aucune traduction sur le sujet n'est disponible. Mes travaux s'intéressent aux premiers manuels de géométrie élémentaire, qui ont été élaborés, diffusés et utilisés dans ce transfert scientifique. Une grille d'analyse centrée sur les questions du langage et des outils logiques est déployée pour mettre en évidence les différentes phases dans l'importation et l'adaptation des connaissances occidentalesDuring the Meijing era, the political context in East Asia led the Japanese authorities to embark on a nationwide modernization program. This resulted in the introduction of Western mathematics, and especially Euclidean geometry into Japanese education. However, as traditional mathematics (was an) were very successful at that time, there were no Japanese translations of texts dealing with this new geometry available at this time. My work focuses on the first Japanese textbooks that were developed, distributed and used during this period of scientific transfer. My analysis concentrates on language and logical reasoning in order to highlight the various phases in the importation and adaptation of Western knowledge to the Japanese context
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Kang, Sungwoo. "Colonizing the Port City Pusan in Korea : a study of the process of Japanese domination in the urban space of Pusan during the open-port period (1876-1910)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:607156dd-6a4c-4c3c-a465-aa97d06c8d6e.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation aims to analyze the transformation of Pusan by examining the social, political, economic, and cultural changes during the open-port period (1876-1910). Prior to annexation, Pusan, as the first open port in Korea, reflected features of the colonial urban development in which alien power achieved and sustained a hegemonic domination on socio-cultural-economic dimensions of people’s lives. Colonial history in Korea has been divided and moving on parallel lines. The ‘nationalist school’ and the ‘socioeconomic school’ have failed to come together and move us into a deeper understanding of the Japanese colonial period. In order to narrow the gap between the two schools of thought, this thesis suggests looking at ‘colonial modernity’ through the analytical lens of the colonial city of Pusan. The approach examines changes in the social, economic, and cultural life of people rather than through the traditional binary construction of ‘victim versus victimizer’ or ‘colonial repression versus national resistance.’ In particular, I pay close attention to the fact that colonization is a process of imperial expansion by means of colonialists. In the end, the process of colonization in Pusan was a process by which the Japanese settlers expanded in wealth, population, influence, and power. The cluster of factors – enlargement of settlement (living space), the expansion of the economy (economic opportunity), improvement of public enterprises, such as transportation infrastructure, water supply and hygiene (improving quality of life) – were catalysts for the Japanese settlers to take up residence in Pusan. Based on the transformation of the urban space of Pusan at this micro level, I discuss a hierarchy of power relations within the spatial boundary of Pusan. In other words, I focus on human aspects of these changes rather than on systemic changes. I attempt to demonstrate how studying a city can offer a useful category of analysis for the question of ‘modernity’ in Korea.
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Hurpeau, Guillaume. "Histoire du thé au Japon : techniques culturales et de fabrication du thé à l'époque Edo." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP059/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La majorité des études sur le thé au Japon se consacre à la cérémonie du thé. Dans cette étude, nous nous proposons au contraire d’analyser l’histoire du thé au Japon du strict point de vue des techniques de culture et de fabrication du thé à l’époque Edo (1600-1868). Dans un premier temps, l’étude se concentre sur l’histoire du thé au Japon depuis son apparition au VIIIe siècle jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle. Cette partie abordera l’ensemble du développement de la filière du thé en s’attachant aux points suivants : l’évolution de la consommation du thé sur l’archipel, les différentes techniques de fabrication utilisées et enfin la mise en place des circuits économiques nécessaires au commerce intérieur du thé. Cette étude tentera de comprendre le passage d’une consommation par les élites à une consommation par l’ensemble de la population, ainsi que les implications de cette évolution. Dans un second temps, ce travail se focalisera sur l’étude des techniques de culture et de fabrication du thé à l’époque Edo. De multiples sources historiques sont examinées pour cela : comptes rendus de voyages de savants occidentaux, documents iconographiques divers, mais ce travail s’attache plus spécifiquement à l’analyse des nombreux traités agricoles de l’époque Edo. Ainsi, la description détaillée des différents procédés de fabrication de cette époque permet de comprendre les liens qu’il peut exister entre les différentes techniques, et de réfléchir aux modalités de création et d’amélioration des thés japonaisMost studies related to Japan’s tea are about the tea ceremony. On the contrary, in this study we are proposing to analyze the history of tea in Japan from the strict point of view of tea culture and manufacture’s techniques in the Edo period (1600-1868). First of all, the study focuses on the history of Japan’s tea from its emergence in the 8th century, up until the mid-19th century. This part will deal with the whole development of the tea sector, focusing on the following points: the evolution of tea consumption on the archipelago, the different manufacturing techniques used and finally the implementation of the economic systems, necessary to the domestic trade. This study is trying to understand the transition from the consumption by the elites only, to the consumption by the entire population, as well as the implications of this evolution. Finally, this study will focus on the study of tea’s culture and manufacture techniques during the Edo period. To do so, we will look at many historical sources: reports and diaries of Western travelers, various iconographic documents, but this thesis will mainly be focusing on the analysis of many agricultural treaties during the Edo period. Therefore, this detailed description of the various manufacturing processes of this period makes it possible to understand the existing links between the different techniques, and to think about the methods of creation and improvement of Japanese teas
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Terry, Patrick Alan 1984. "Space In-Between: Masumura Yasuzo, Japanese New Wave, and Mass Culture Cinema." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/11477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
viii, 111 p. : ill. (some col.)During the early stage of Japan's High Economic Growth Period (1955-1970), a group of directors and films, labeled the Japanese New Wave, emerged to strong critical acclaim and scholarly pursuit. Over time, Japanese New Wave Cinema has come to occupy a central position within the narrative history of Japanese film studies. This position has helped introduce many significant films while inadvertently ostracizing or ignoring the much broader landscape of film at this time. This thesis seeks to complexify the New Wave's central position through the career of Daiei Studios' director, Masumura Yasuzo. Masumura signifies a "space in-between" the cultural elite represented by the New Wave and the box office focus of mass culture cinema. Utilizing available English language and rare Japanese sources, this thesis will re-examine Masumura's position on the periphery of film studies while highlighting the larger film environment of this dynamic period.
Committee in charge: Prof. Steven Brown, Chair; Dr. Daisuke Miyao, Advisor
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Linnepe, André. ""Wissen" und "Handeln" bei Yamaga Sokō." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/23046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Das Thema dieser Studie sind die konzeptionellen Grundlagen politischen Denkens in der frühen Tokugawa-Zeit (1600–1868). Im Mittelpunkt steht das Werk des konfuzianischen Gelehrten und Militärexperten Yamaga Sokō (1622–85). Dieser problematisierte das Verhältnis zwischen Theorie und Praxis in der Gelehrsamkeit seiner Zeit. Seinen Entwurf einer praktischen Politiklehre entwickelte er vor dem Hintergrund eines tiefgreifenden Strukturwandels in der Formierungsphase des Tokugawa-Shogunats, das die Regierenden mit einem hohen Bedarf an normativer Regulierung konfrontierte. Obwohl eine umfangreiche Forschung zu Sokō vorliegt, sind die konzeptionellen Grundlagen seines Politikdenkens nur wenig untersucht worden. Um diese Leerstelle zu schließen, widmet sich die diese Studie einer Analyse des Wissens- und Handlungskonzepts im Rahmen des Hauptwerks. “Wissen” und “Handeln” sind Schlüsselbegriffe der konfuzianischen Tradition und werden bei Sokō in charakteristischer Weise umgedeutet. Die Untersuchung zeigt, dass der Gelehrte sich eines weiten Spektrums konfuzianischer als auch außerkonfuzianischer Begriffsbestände und Argumentationsstrategien bediente, um seiner politischen Rationalitätsvorstellung Ausdruck zu verleihen. Mit ihren Ergebnissen leistet die vorliegende Studie einen Beitrag zur Neubewertung der politischen Ideengeschichte in der frühen Neuzeit aus¬gehend von ihren konzeptionellen Grundlagen. Der Anhang macht der Forschung zentrale Kapitel aus dem Haupt¬werk Sokōs in Form annotierter Übersetzungen erstmals in einer westlichen Sprache zugänglich.The study at hand explores the conceptual foundations of political thought in the Tokugawa period (1600–1868). It focuses on the teachings of the Confucian scholar and military expert Yamaga Sokō (1622–85). In previous research, Sokō has been associated with the emergence of a neoclassical movement in Tokugawa-Confucianism as well as with a new type of warrior ethics, or bushidō. However, despite this general acknowledgement, only limited research has been conducted on the conceptual foundations of his thought. The present study addresses this problem by exploring Sokō’s interpretation of the Confucian key concepts “knowledge” (Chi. zhi / Jpn. chi) and “action” (xing/kō, okonau) in the framework of his major work, “Yamaga’s Sayings Grouped [by Subject]” (Yamaga gorui, 1665). Both concepts are at the heart of his practical teachings for the contemporary warrior government. The analysis shows that Sokō draws on various conceptual sources and strategies of argumentation from within and outside of the Confucian tradition. The latter is characterized by a strong concern for the need for normative regulation as a result of the structural transformation of early Tokugawa society. The present study’s conceptual approach draws attention to the normative sources of Sokō’s political rationality unrecognised in previous research. Thereby, the study contributes to a reevaluation of the conceptual foundations of political thought in the Tokugawa period. In addition, it offers annotated translations of central chapters from Sokō’s major work for the first time in a Western language.
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Bardy, Yannick. "Sanctuaires Shintô et Sociétés Locales dans le Japon de l’Epoque d’Edo : l’exemple de la province d’Izumi." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0014/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans ce travail, nous nous proposons d'étudier des groupes de villages de la provinces d'Izumi durant l'époque d'Edo (1600 - 1868), afin de mettre en avant des types d'organisations sociales sortant des cadres institutionnels connus ainsi que les particularismes des localités étudiées.Ces ensembles de villages étant liés à la présence d'un sanctuaire commun (en plus des sanctuaires propres à chaque village ou hameau), nous partirons des relations établis entre ces établissements religieux et les groupes de villages qui leur sont liés, explorant le mode d’organisation des fidèles, leurs interactions avec les autorités seigneuriales ou shogunales. Nous nous intéresserons également à la structure interne du sanctuaire et les rôles des différents desservants, prêtres shintô et moine bouddhistes, notamment au travers des disputes qui les déchirent. Cela nous amènera également à nous interroger sur le rôle des organisations religieuses et tout particulièrement celui des organisations de prêtres shintô centrées sur les maisons curiales Yoshida ou Shirakawa, qui prennent leur essor durant cette époque.C’est en ce sens que nous nous pencherons sur les sanctuaires Kasuga, Hijiri, Kaminomiya et Shimonomiya, et Ôiseki. Explorant les groupes de villages qui leurs sont liés, nous nous attacherons à mettre en avant les interactions entre quatre groupes : les fidèles, le sanctuaire, les prêtres shintô et les moines bouddhistes. Cette analyse permettra de faire ressortir particularismes locaux, modes d’organisations non-institutionnels et structures internes de ces sanctuairesThis dissertation examines several groups of villages in Izumi Province during the Edo period (1600 - 1868). It seeks to elucidate the non-institutional social organizations and unique characteristics of those villages. Each of the groups of villages examined in this study were closely linked with a particular Shintô shrine. This dissertation begins by analyzing the relationship between shrines and the groups of villages with which they were linked. It will then examine the functions performed by the parishioner organizations of each shrine, as well as the relationship between parishioner organizations, on the one hand, and the local authorities and shogunate, on the other. It will also investigate each shrine’s social structure and the role of Shintô priests and Buddhists monks. This dissertation will also highlight the range of shrine-related conflicts and disputes that occurred in Izumi Province during the Edo period. Furthermore, it will examine the role that religious organizations, such as the Yoshida and Shirakawa priestly orders, played in early modern society. Specifically, this dissertation focuses on five shrines in Izumi Province: Kasuga, Hijiri, Kaminomiya, Shimonomiya, and Ôiseki. Through an examination of those five shrines, this dissertation will study the interaction between four groups: local parishioners, Shintô shrines, Shintô priests, and Buddhist monks. Such an analysis will enable us to elucidate the unique characteristics of the villages surrounding each shrine, the various non-institutional organizations that developed in those villages, and the internal social structure of each shrine
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SHIH, ROU-YU, and 施柔妤. "The Donying (Japan) Horizons: A Study of the History of Chinese Literature in the Meiji Period." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/wv62u5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士東海大學
中國文學系
105
In Meiji Period of Japan, the writing of“The history of Chinese literature” became a trend. Japanese scholars in this period started to re-examine“The history of Chinese literature” in the perspective of western literature and expanded the definition of “literature” during the construction process. These influenced Chinese scholars to write“The history of Chinese literature” in the future. The article chooses“The history of Chinese literature” as research topic. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, the article is divided into 4 chapters, discussing background and content of“The history of Chinese literature” in Meiji Period hierarchically. The three main points of the article are as follow: First, by investigating Meiji Period’s time background, which honored western literature, I tried to find out how Meiji Period caused the revival of sinology through relying on regulations, education system, official and civil advocacy. Moreover, this period began to concern and make research on“The history of Chinese literature.” Second, I select Rinpuu Sasakawa（1870-1949）and Teikichi Kojou（1866-1949）these two history of literature’s authors as my research topic. I focused on their live, writings and circle of acquaintances. In order to inquire into how these writers, who had different background, wrote out extremely contrasting“The history of Chinese literature.” Third, to figure out the common characteristics of the Meiji Period that reflected in their works, I compared two Chinese literature and made comparison and contract of two different china literature. Moreover, I surveyed the issues they had concerned, the style they had chosen, and time range of the setting. History of Chinese literature in Meiji Period established the style of history of literature, and they are critical results which expand the definition of literature. The purpose of this article is to clarify all kinds of phenomena that appeared in early writings of history of literature.
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Lone, Stewart. "General Katsura Taro and the Japanese Empire in East Asia, 1874-1913." Phd thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112113.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
General Katsura Tarö was a key figure in the development of Japan’s first national army, acted as
colonial governor-general in Taiwan, developed what is now Takushoku University as a school for
Japanese overseas administrators and businessmen, and, as prime minister for most of the period
1901-1913, took his country to alliance with Britain, war with Russia, and finally annexation of Korea.
He was a political general who made the transition to full statesman. Ironically, however, on the point of
introducing his own political party, he was crippled by the public’s intolerance of continuing military
intrusion in Japanese politics.
This thesis borrows Katsura’s life in order to investigate the relationship between Japan’s army,
society, and empire in a period of extremely rapid change. The focus is on Japan’s overseas expansion,
viewed a a kind of "social imperialism"; that is, that the creation of a conscript army was intended to
regiment the people and prevent disorder, and that the employment of this army in overseas expansion
was further designed to maintain domestic economic progress and divert outwards potentially disruptive
social tensions.
It is argued, however, that the inherent weaknesses of imperialism, involving expanded military
force to defend overseas interests, heated competition between the army and navy for limited budgetary
resources, and rising international discord, ultimately exacerbated the domestic pressures such expansion
was intended to assuage, and that Katsura was unusual among army leaders in sufficiently perceiving this
concertina relationship to adopt a revised approach to foreign policy. He came to emphasise economic
development of overseas possessions over and above the military factor, and adopted a British-style
business attitude towards imperialism. This is evident in his establishment of the Oriental Development
Company in Korea, his willingness to consider joint American-Japanese development in Manchuria, his
frequent rejection of inflationary army expansion after 1905, and his assumption of the office of finance
minister in his own second cabinet (1908-1911).
This study examines Japan’s military and foreign policies in the Meiji period, giving particular
attention to China, Korea and Taiwan. It investigates the position of the army within Meiji society, and
the changing relationship between the army and nascent political parties after the introduction of
constitutional government in 1890. It also charts the rivalry between the Japanese army and navy, and
within the army itself. It suggests, in conclusion, that Katsura Tarö was something of the "adaptable general" posited, but not realised, by Clausewitz, a general capable of balancing military and political
requirements. However, this balance was ultimately impossible given the extraordinary stresses,
nationally and internationally, of the late imperial age, and a viable policy of "economics first" had to
wait on Japan’s utter military defeat in 1945.
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Hsu, Man-Li, and 許曼莉. "Confucianism and Moral Education in Meiji Period in Japan." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78264423310091639548.
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碩士淡江大學
日本研究所
90
Title of Thesis: Total Pages: 190 Confucianism and Moral Education in Meiji Period in Japan Name of Institute: Graduate institute of Japanese Studies, Tamkang University Graduate Date: Jun. 2002 Degree Conferred: Master Degree of Art Name of student: Man-Li Hsu Advisor: Dr. Charng-Huei Liou （許曼莉） （劉長輝） Abstract: After the Meiji Restoration, Japan announced the end of the Isolation Policy, which had lasted more than two hundred years. At that time, aiming at becoming a wealthy country with strong military power, the government not only adopted the western political system but also absorbed the western culture and religion, which gave rise to the western civilization in Japan. Although the Japanese had devoted themselves to learn from the West, they still regarded the Confucianism as the mainstream in their national moral education. The purpose of the present study was to discuss why the Meiji government executed the Confucianism rather than the Japanese traditional spirit and to investigate the value of the Confucianism over the western culture. To accomplish the goal of this research, the present study aimed to explore the relationship between the Japanese moral education and the Confucianism. In the introduction, the motivation, purpose and framework of this research were addressed. The first chapter described the Confucianism and the Japanese traditional spirit in the modern times. The status of the Confucianism was disclosed as well. The second chapter revealed the issues of the Japanese moral education policies. The third chapter investigated the relationship between the moral education and the Confucianism in terms of “Children Education Rescript” and “Soldier Rescript.” The fourth chapter introduced the history, contents and the characteristics of the “Educational Rescript.” Then, the relationship between the rescript and the Confucianism was explored. Finally, the impacts of the rescript on the national moral education were discussed. The present study intended to illustrate the significance of the Confucianism on the Japanese moral education in the modern times.
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Jung-Chu, Liu, and 劉容朱. "The Research of Confucian Analects before Meiji Period in Japan." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/81463465248822192768.
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Craig, Christopher Robin Jamie. "The Middlemen of Modernity: Local Elites and Agricultural Development in Meiji Japan." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8ZP44WF.
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This dissertation is a close study of a rice-producing region in the northeastern Japanese prefecture of Miyagi from 1890 to1912, centered on the leadership of local elites over agricultural development, social order, and political management of the countryside during a period of revolutionary change. In the context of fundamental transformations to the state, economy, and society, landlords and local officials assumed positions as intermediaries between village society and the prefectural and national governments, becoming the "middlemen of modernity" for rural Japan. Along with the celebrated projects of industrialization and the modernization of the military, agricultural development occupied a place of importance in the plans of the Meiji state (1868 to 1912), but it failed to attract the same commitment of government finances. With official intervention in farming improvement and rural villages limited to moral exhortations, it was local elites, not the national government, who assumed responsibility for the countryside. Miyagi provided a fertile ground for their activities, demonstrating the heightened need for improvement that came with the climactic and economic challenges endemic in northeastern Japan. The character of Miyagi leaders evolved over time, with changes to the rural economy in the 1870s, the local government system in the 1880s, and official interest in the organization of local society at the turn of the century pushing old elites out and drawing in new figures in their places. Unchanged, however, was the role of local actors as the principal architects of rural development. They set the course of agricultural improvement, determined its character, and linked farming in new ways with the central government. The processes of change often proved disruptive in village society, rekindling old conflicts and igniting new rivalries as different actors fought over the allocation of the costs and profits of expanded production. In the end, though, elites oversaw a transformation of farming and agricultural villages that was complete by the early years of the twentieth century.
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Culy, Anna M. "Clothing their identities : competing ideas of masculinity and identity in Meiji Japanese culture." 2013. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1721294.
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This is an in-depth analysis of competing cultural ideas at a pivotal time in Japanese history through study of masculinity and identity. Through diaries, newspaper articles, and illustrations found in popular periodicals of the Meiji period, it is evident that there were two major groups who espoused very different sets of ideals competing for the favor of the masses and the control of Japanese progress in the modern world. Manner of dress, comportment, hygiene, and various other parts of outward appearance signified the mentality and ideology of the person in question. One group espoused traditional Japanese ideas of masculinity and dress while another advocated embracing Western dress and culture. This, in turn, explained their opinions on the direction they believed Japan should take. Throughout the Meiji period (1868-1912), the two ideas grew and competed for supremacy until the late Meiji period when they merged to form a traditional-minded modernity.Department of History
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McCue, Theresa G. "Meiji maiden: Umeko Tsuda and the founding of higher education for women in Japan." 2005. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations/AAI3163687.
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In 1900, Umeko Tsuda founded the Joshi Eigaku Juku (Women's Institute of Language Studies, which later became Tsuda College), the first private institution of tertiary learning for women in Japan. Tsuda was one of the first females in Japan's history to study in the United States, spending eleven years of her childhood (1871–1882) on a Japanese government-sponsored study program in the United States, and returning in 1889 for three years of study at Bryn Mawr College, another pioneering institution of higher learning for women. Tsuda's establishment of the Joshi Eigaku Juku marked her as a true educational innovator; her success in founding it secured her place in history as a pioneer in the higher education of women in Japan. This dissertation sets out to understand the catalysts found in the social, economic, political, and educational milieus that shaped Tsuda both in Japan and in the United States, and to understand what place Tsuda's experience at Bryn Mawr under M. Carey Thomas held in her development as an educational innovator. Through a comprehensive examination of the social structures, political and economic trends, and educational polices in place during the latter third of the nineteenth century in both nations, this dissertation examines what forces compelled Tsuda to take the revolutionary step of founding her school and establishing higher education as an option for women in Japan, when such an institution was thoroughly unwelcome by the Japanese populace at large.
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Jones, Colin Philip Charles. "Living Law in Japan: Social Jurisprudence in the Interwar Period." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8G452T7.
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Scholarship on modern Japanese law tends to focus on the codification of Japan’s legal system in the 1890s and its dramatic overhaul after 1945. This dissertation argues that the interwar years constituted a third point of inflection that transformed Japanese law and laid the foundation for the Japanese welfare state.
In the wake of World War I, amid varied and widespread social tumult, a group of influential professors at Tokyo Imperial University undertook to remake civil law as an instrument of social policy. They rejected the Japanese civil code as it was codified in the 1890s, along with the methods of strict interpretation developed by their teachers. In its place they envisioned a new paradigm of legal thinking and practice that they believed could mend tearing social fabric. Their ideas were inspired by a transnational discourse on the centrality of society to law that emerged at the end of the nineteenth century. In Japan they coalesced into a new and nationally distinct legal movement that came to be called “social jurisprudence” (shakai hōgaku). There were many elements, but the most notable were an emphasis on the indeterminacy of legal interpretation and a preference for informal conflict resolution, as opposed to the formal procedures of the modern judiciary.
The 1923 Kanto Earthquake afforded an opportunity to put these ideas into practice on a large scale. In these years two of the most notable features of modern Japanese law were established: reliance on judicial precedents rather than simply the statutory law, and the prevalence of informal mediation. With these tools, the social jurist strove to reform urban housing, rural tenancy, labor relations, and family law. From the 1930s they took their ideas to the Chinese mainland, where they were deployed in the puppet state Manchukuo in an attempt to pacify the local population by harnessing “Asian” customs. Never did these efforts hit their intended mark, yet they gave rise to new legislation, legal practices, and frames for thinking about society, history and gender that have endured into the present.
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Madan, Ramesh. "Women in India and Japan: Socio-economic status in post second world war period." Thesis, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2009/3637.
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Chang, Ching-Lien, and 鄭靜蓮. "Other Representation：The Contemporary Writers of Taiwan and Japan on Aboriginal Japanese Colonial Period History Writing." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35285643348747232516.
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碩士國立中興大學
台灣文學與跨國文化研究所
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Historical novels in Taiwanese literature have been used to describe the society of Taiwan in the past. These novels have taken the form of Roman-Fleuve, in which there is a continuous linear narrative that unfolds an extended story. After the abolishment of the Martial Law, the historical events published by the official government have been analyzed and deconstructed . Those who tried to look into history’s gaps and that filled them with their personal points of view or their personal opinions have converted some historical writings into contemporary Taiwanese literature. In Taiwan, for many years aboriginal groups have been living on the edge of society but now, with the rise of the sense of aborigine and with the development of the aboriginal movement, they are receiving an increasing degree of attention. People are devoting themselves to the reconstruction of aboriginal history, which is providing multiple angles for its analysis. This dissertation is aimed at sorting out the involvement and intention of three non-aboriginal writers and their novels :“Remains of life”, written by Wu-He; “Dust in the wind”, written by Shi Shu-Ching; and “Much too brutal”, written by Tsushima Yuko, who set their plots in the aboriginal world of the Japanese colonial period. The main concepts under review are: How do Taiwanese and Japanese contemporary writers dissect and rewrite the historical events of aboriginal people? What kind of perception concerning aboriginal people do each of them convey? How do races and sexes influence their explanations and points of view in their writings? What is the blind spot of these stories and what are the limitations of these writings? The discussion will be mainly conducted through three different research lines. First, by way of the analysis of the historical viewpoint of writers and how the stories are told in connection with the “Wushe event”, the “Taroko event” and other similar historical facts. Next, by studying how the characters are shaped and how their attitude reveals the writer’s intention. And finally, to analyze the common features and the limitations of the connection between history and literature attempted by these three writers. The purposes of this in-depth discussion are: to comprehend how contemporary non-aboriginal writers’ interest in aboriginal history and culture appeared and developed; to expand people’s way of thinking in today’s society; and to reflect nowadays reactions between ethnic groups, so the historical writing becomes a tool to broaden people’s minds.
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Batts, Joshua Paul. "Circling The Waters: The Keichō Embassy and Japanese-Spanish Relations in the Early Seventeenth Century." Thesis, 2017. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8QZ2PF2.
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This project examines the fraught diplomatic and commercial relations between Tokugawa Japan (1600–1868) and the Habsburg Spanish empire in the early seventeenth century. Vessels from Japan called at the port of Acapulco in New Spain three times within a decade, the first attempt in world history at a bilateral commercial relationship across the Pacific. In doing so, the ships also challenged the Spanish monopoly over the waterways between Latin America and Asia. Japanese commercial and diplomatic outreach peaked with the Keichō Embassy to Southern Europe (1613–1620), an effort that dispatched Japanese representatives to the court of Philip III in Madrid, but failed in its mission to secure regular contact between New Spain and northeastern Japan. In analyzing these events, I contrast Japan’s pursuit of commercial and diplomatic expansion with Spanish ambivalence and insularity, inverting essentializing narratives defined by Japanese isolation and European engagement. The project also compares the diplomatic models employed by each polity. I argue that Spain’s established imperial vision and the shogunate’s emerging hierarchical model of foreign relations placed each polity at the pinnacle of their respective diplomatic frameworks, handicapping efforts to communicate, build trust, and integrate each into the worldview of the other. Ultimately, a Spanish policy of containment closed off the Americas to Japan; soon after, the Tokugawa divested from its relationship with the Spanish Philippines in the face of alternative commercial partners and ongoing religious tension. The project thus integrates Japanese history into world history and the history of the Pacific, while questioning the notion of a straightforward commitment to expansion among Europe’s early-modern empires.
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Mudd, Scott E. "Graphic propaganda Japan's creation of China in the prewar period, 1894-1937 /." Thesis, 2005. http://micro189.lib3.hawaii.edu/ezproxy/details.php?dbId=320.
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Głownia, Dawid. "Początki kina w Japonii na tle przemian społeczno-politycznych kraju." Praca doktorska, 2019. https://ruj.uj.edu.pl/xmlui/handle/item/73401.
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W rozprawie omówione zostały wczesne dzieje kina w Japonii w odniesieniu do szerszych procesów społecznych, kulturowych, ekonomicznych i politycznych, jakie wystąpiły w Japonii w epoce Meiji. Rozprawa składa się z pięciu rozdziałów ułożonych w kluczu chronologicznotematycznym. W pierwszym rozdziale zaprezentowano definicję, historyczne przekształcenia oraz wewnętrzne zróżnicowanie pokazów misemono i yose, identyfikowanych jako istotny kontekst dla rozwoju wczesnej branży filmowej w Japonii. Rozdział drugi poświęcony został działalności filmowej importerów pierwszych technologii filmowych i ich pracowników. W trzecim rozdziale omówione zostały początki produkcji filmowej w Japonii - zarówno filmy rejestrowane tam przez zagranicznych operatorów filmowych, jak i pierwszych krajowych twórców filmowych. Rozdział czwarty poświęcony jest został przedstawianiu I wojny chińskojapońskiej i wojny rosyjsko-japońskiej w mediach wizualnych, w tym - w przypadku tego drugiego konfliktu - w filmie. W rozdziale piątym omówione zostały takie zagadnienia, jak rozwój japońskiej branży filmowej po zakończeniu wojny rosyjsko-japońskiej, charakterystyka japońskiej branży filmowej w drugiej dekadzie XX wieku, oraz wykształcenie się systemu gwiazdorskiego i systemu cenzury filmowej.The dissertation discusses the early history of cinema in Japan in the context of broader social, cultural, economic, and political transformations of Japan in the Meiji era. The dissertation is divided into five chapters. The first chapter presents the definition, historical transformations, and diversification of misemono shows and yose, which are identified as an important context for the development of early Japanese cinema industry. The second chapter is devoted to the film activities of first film technologies importers and their employees. The third chapter discusses the beginnings of film production in Japan - both films shot in Japan by foreign cameramen and films produced by the first domestic filmmakers. The fourth chapter discusses depictions of the First Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War in visual media, including - in case of the second conflict - film. The fifth chapter is devoted mainly to issues such as the development of Japanese film industry after the Russo-Japanese War, the specificity of Japanese film industry in 1910, and the development of Japanese film star system and film censorship system.