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Статті в журналах з теми "Janus fiber"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 27 січня 2023

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1

Yu, Xiaotian, Xian Zhang, Yajie Xing, Hongjing Zhang, Wuwei Jiang, Ke Zhou, and Yongqiang Li. "Development of Janus Cellulose Acetate Fiber (CA) Membranes for Highly Efficient Oil–Water Separation." Materials 14, no. 20 (October 9, 2021): 5916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14205916.

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A new type of Janus cellulose acetate (CA) fiber membrane was used to separate oil–water emulsions, which was prepared with plasma gas phase grafting by polymerizing octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) onto a CA fiber membrane prepared by centrifugal spinning. The Janus–CA fiber membrane was described in terms of chemical structure using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis and morphology by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). In this contribution, we examine the influence of spinning solution concentration, spinning speed and nozzle aperture on the centrifugal spinning process and the fiber morphology. Superhydrophobic/hydrophilic Janus–CA fiber membrane was used to separate water and 1,2-dibromoethane mixture and Toluene-in-water emulsion. Unidirectional water transfer Janus–CA fiber membrane was used to separate n-hexane and water mixture. The separation for the first-time interception rate was about 98.81%, 98.76% and 98.73%, respectively. Experimental results revealed that the Janus cellulose acetate (CA) fiber membrane gave a permeate flux of about 43.32, 331.72 and 275.27 L/(m2·h), respectively. The novel Janus–CA fiber membrane can potentially be used for sustainable W/O emulsion separation. We believe that this is a facile strategy for construction of filtration materials for practical oil–water separation.

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2

Geng, Yuting, Pan Zhang, Qiutong Wang, Yangxiu Liu, and Kai Pan. "Novel PAN/PVP Janus ultrafine fiber membrane and its application for biphasic drug release." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 5, no. 27 (2017): 5390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tb00929a.

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3

Budi, M. A. K., E. B. Glass, N. G. Rudawski, and J. S. Andrew. "Exchange bias in bismuth ferrite/cobalt ferrite Janus nanofibers." Journal of Materials Chemistry C 5, no. 33 (2017): 8586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tc00975e.

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Bismuth ferrite:cobalt ferrite (BiFeO₃:CoFe₂O₄) nanofibers with tailorable exchange bias effects were synthesized utilizing a Janus type morphology, wherein both phases are coupled longitudinally along the length of each fiber.

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4

Kim, In Ho, Tae Hong Im, Han Eol Lee, Ji‐Soo Jang, Hee Seung Wang, Gil Yong Lee, Il‐Doo Kim, Keon Jae Lee, and Sang Ouk Kim. "Janus Graphene Liquid Crystalline Fiber with Tunable Properties Enabled by Ultrafast Flash Reduction." Small 15, no. 48 (July 2019): 1901529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201901529.

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5

Zhou, Qingxin, Hao Li, Dingding Li, Beibei Wang, Hui Wang, Jinbo Bai, Shenghua Ma, and Gang Wang. "A graphene assembled porous fiber-based Janus membrane for highly effective solar steam generation." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 592 (June 2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2021.02.045.

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6

Yan, Weian, Dongyang Miao, Aijaz Ahmed Babar, Jing Zhao, Yongtang Jia, Bin Ding, and Xianfeng Wang. "Multi-scaled interconnected inter- and intra-fiber porous janus membranes for enhanced directional moisture transport." Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 565 (April 2020): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2020.01.063.

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7

Li, Hao-Nan, Jing Yang, and Zhi-Kang Xu. "Hollow fiber membranes with Janus surfaces for continuous deemulsification and separation of oil-in-water emulsions." Journal of Membrane Science 602 (May 2020): 117964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2020.117964.

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8

Gumennik, Alexander, Etgar C. Levy, Benjamin Grena, Chong Hou, Michael Rein, Ayman F. Abouraddy, John D. Joannopoulos, and Yoel Fink. "Confined in-fiber solidification and structural control of silicon and silicon−germanium microparticles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 28 (June 22, 2017): 7240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1707778114.

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Crystallization of microdroplets of molten alloys could, in principle, present a number of possible morphological outcomes, depending on the symmetry of the propagating solidification front and its velocity, such as axial or spherically symmetric species segregation. However, because of thermal or constitutional supercooling, resulting droplets often only display dendritic morphologies. Here we report on the crystallization of alloyed droplets of controlled micrometer dimensions comprising silicon and germanium, leading to a number of surprising outcomes. We first produce an array of silicon−germanium particles embedded in silica, through capillary breakup of an alloy-core silica-cladding fiber. Heating and subsequent controlled cooling of individual particles with a two-wavelength laser setup allows us to realize two different morphologies, the first being a silicon−germanium compositionally segregated Janus particle oriented with respect to the illumination axis and the second being a sphere made of dendrites of germanium in silicon. Gigapascal-level compressive stresses are measured within pure silicon solidified in silica as a direct consequence of volume-constrained solidification of a material undergoing anomalous expansion. The ability to generate microspheres with controlled morphology and unusual stresses could pave the way toward advanced integrated in-fiber electronic or optoelectronic devices.

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9

Zou, Lusi, Pri Gusnawan, Guoyin Zhang, and Jianjia Yu. "Novel Janus composite hollow fiber membrane-based direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) process for produced water desalination." Journal of Membrane Science 597 (March 2020): 117756. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117756.

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10

Hu, Ye-Qi, Hao-Nan Li, and Zhi-Kang Xu. "Janus hollow fiber membranes with functionalized outer surfaces for continuous demulsification and separation of oil-in-water emulsions." Journal of Membrane Science 648 (April 2022): 120388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120388.

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11

Yang, Hao-Cheng, Wenwei Zhong, Jingwei Hou, Vicki Chen, and Zhi-Kang Xu. "Janus hollow fiber membrane with a mussel-inspired coating on the lumen surface for direct contact membrane distillation." Journal of Membrane Science 523 (February 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2016.09.044.

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12

Ogura, Masato, Kumiko Endo, Toshiyuki Suzuki, and Yoshimi Homma. "Prenylated quinolinecarboxylic acid compound-18 prevents sensory nerve fiber outgrowth through inhibition of the interleukin-31 pathway." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): e0246630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0246630.

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Interleukin-31 (IL-31) is involved in excessive development of cutaneous sensory nerves in atopic dermatitis (AD), leading to severe pruritus. We previously reported that PQA-18, a prenylated quinolinecarboxylic acid (PQA) derivative, is an immunosuppressant with inhibition of p21-activated kinase 2 (PAK2) and improves skin lesions in Nc/Nga mice as an AD model. In the present study, we investigate the effect of PQA-18 on sensory nerves in lesional skin. PQA-18 alleviates cutaneous nerve fiber density in the skin of Nc/Nga mice. PQA-18 also inhibits IL-31-induced sensory nerve fiber outgrowth in dorsal root ganglion cultures. Signaling analysis reveals that PQA-18 suppresses phosphorylation of PAK2, Janus kinase 2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), activated by IL-31 receptor (IL-31R), resulting in inhibition of neurite outgrowth in Neuro2A cells. Gene silencing analysis for PAK2 confirms the requirement for STAT3 phosphorylation and neurite outgrowth elicited by IL-31R activation. LC/MS/MS analysis reveals that PQA-18 prevents the formation of PAK2 activation complexes induced by IL-31R activation. These results suggest that PQA-18 inhibits the IL-31 pathway through suppressing PAK2 activity, which suppresses sensory nerve outgrowth. PQA-18 may be a valuable lead for the development of a novel drug for pruritus of AD.

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13

Losso, Jack N. "Food Processing, Dysbiosis, Gastrointestinal Inflammatory Diseases, and Antiangiogenic Functional Foods or Beverages." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 12, no. 1 (March 25, 2021): 235–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-062520-090235.

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Foods and beverages provide nutrients and alter the gut microbiota, resulting in eubiosis or dysbiosis. Chronic consumption of a diet that is high in saturated or trans fats, meat proteins, reducing sugars, and salt and low in fiber induces dysbiosis. Dysbiosis, loss of redox homeostasis, mast cells, hypoxia, angiogenesis, the kynurenine pathway, transglutaminase 2, and/or the Janus kinase pathway are implicated in the pathogenesis and development of inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and gastrointestinal malignancy. This review discusses the effects of oxidative, carbonyl, or glycative stress–inducing dietary ingredients or food processing–derived compounds on gut microbiota and gastrointestinal epithelial and mast cells as well as on the development of associated angiogenic diseases, including key signaling pathways. The preventive or therapeutic potential and the biochemical pathways of antiangiogenic or proangiogenic foods or beverages are also described. The outcomes of the interactions between disease pathways and components of food are critical for the design of foods and beverages for healthy lives.

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14

Kaulsay, Karmal K., Hichem C. Mertani, Kok-Onn Lee, and Peter E. Lobie. "Autocrine Human Growth Hormone Enhancement of Human Mammary Carcinoma Cell Spreading Is Jak2 Dependent*." Endocrinology 141, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1571–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/endo.141.4.7426.

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Abstract We investigated the role of autocrine production of human (h) GH in the attachment and spreading of mammary carcinoma cells in vitro. We used a previously described model system for the study of the autocrine/paracrine role of GH in which the hGH gene (MCF-hGH) or a translation-deficient hGH gene (MCF-MUT) was stably transfected into MCF-7 cells. No differences in attachment to a collagen matrix between MCF-hGH and MCF-MUT cells were observed in either serum-free medium (SFM) or medium containing exogenous hGH, 5% serum, or 10% serum. In contrast, MCF-hGH cells spread more rapidly on a collagen matrix than did MCF-MUT cells. Exogenous hGH and 10% serum interacted with autocrine production of hGH in an additive manner to increase cell spreading. MCF-hGH cells formed filipodia and stress fibers earlier than MCF-MUT cells during the process of cell spreading and possessed marked differences in morphology after spreading. MCF-MUT cells displayed uniform and symmetrical formation of stress fibers, whereas MCF-hGH cells displayed irregular and elongated stress fiber formation. The level of cytoplasmic phosphotyrosine was increased in MCF-hGH compared with MCF-MUT cells during spreading and displayed colocalization with Janus kinase 2 (JAK2). Basal JAK2 tyrosine phosphorylation was increased, and it increased further on spreading in MCF-hGH cells compared with MCF-MUT cells. Transient transfection of JAK2 complementary DNA resulted in interaction with autocrine hGH to increase the rate of cell spreading in MCF-hGH cells compared with MCF-MUT cells. Treatment with a selective JAK2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (AG 490) reduced the rate of MCF-hGH cell spreading to the rate of MCF-MUT cell spreading. Thus, we conclude that autocrine production of hGH enhances the rate of mammary carcinoma cell spreading in a JAK2-dependent manner.

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15

Wei, Chenjie, Xihang Zhang, Shuyan Ma, Chengxiong Zhang, Yang Li, Dajing Chen, Hong Jiang, Zhikang Xu, and Xiaojun Huang. "Ultra-robust vertically aligned three-dimensional (3D) Janus hollow fiber membranes for interfacial solar-driven steam generation with salt-resistant and multi-media purification." Chemical Engineering Journal 425 (December 2021): 130118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2021.130118.

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16

Moore, John C., Qin Tang, Nora Torres Yordán, Finola E. Moore, Elaine G. Garcia, Riadh Lobbardi, Ashwin Ramakrishnan, et al. "Single-cell imaging of normal and malignant cell engraftment into optically clear prkdc-null SCID zebrafish." Journal of Experimental Medicine 213, no. 12 (October 24, 2016): 2575–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20160378.

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Cell transplantation into immunodeficient mice has revolutionized our understanding of regeneration, stem cell self-renewal, and cancer; yet models for direct imaging of engrafted cells has been limited. Here, we characterize zebrafish with mutations in recombination activating gene 2 (rag2), DNA-dependent protein kinase (prkdc), and janus kinase 3 (jak3). Histology, RNA sequencing, and single-cell transcriptional profiling of blood showed that rag2 hypomorphic mutant zebrafish lack T cells, whereas prkdc deficiency results in loss of mature T and B cells and jak3 in T and putative Natural Killer cells. Although all mutant lines engraft fluorescently labeled normal and malignant cells, only the prkdc mutant fish reproduced as homozygotes and also survived injury after cell transplantation. Engraftment into optically clear casper, prkdc-mutant zebrafish facilitated dynamic live cell imaging of muscle regeneration, repopulation of muscle stem cells within their endogenous niche, and muscle fiber fusion at single-cell resolution. Serial imaging approaches also uncovered stochasticity in fluorescently labeled leukemia regrowth after competitive cell transplantation into prkdc mutant fish, providing refined models to assess clonal dominance and progression in the zebrafish. Our experiments provide an optimized and facile transplantation model, the casper, prkdc mutant zebrafish, for efficient engraftment and direct visualization of fluorescently labeled normal and malignant cells at single-cell resolution.

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17

Kumar, Labeesh, Sajan Singh, Andriy Horechyy, Andreas Fery, and Bhanu Nandan. "Block Copolymer Template-Directed Catalytic Systems: Recent Progress and Perspectives." Membranes 11, no. 5 (April 27, 2021): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11050318.

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Fabrication of block copolymer (BCP) template-assisted nano-catalysts has been a subject of immense interest in the field of catalysis and polymer chemistry for more than two decades now. Different methods, such as colloidal route, on-substrate methods, bulk self-assembly approaches, combined approaches, and many others have been used to prepare such nano-catalysts. The present review focuses on the advances made in this direction using diblock, triblock, and other types of BCP self-assembled structures. It will be shown how interestingly, researchers have exploited the features of tunable periodicity, domain orientation, and degree of lateral orders of self-assembled BCPs by using fundamental approaches, as well as using different combinations of simple methods to fabricate efficient catalysts. These approaches allow for fabricating catalysts that are used for the growth of single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the substrate, size-dependent electrooxidation of the carbon mono oxide, cracking of 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene (TIPB), methanol oxidation, formic acid oxidation, and for catalytic degradation of dyes and water pollutants, etc. The focus will also be on how efficient and ease-of-use catalysts can be fabricated using different BCP templates, and how these have contributed to the fabrication of different nano-catalysts, such as nanoparticle array catalysts, strawberry and Janus-like nanoparticles catalysts, mesoporous nanoparticles and film catalysts, gyroid-based bicontinuous catalysts, and hollow fiber membrane catalysts.

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18

Liu, Yung-Yang, and Li-Fu Li. "Ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction in critical illness." Experimental Biology and Medicine 243, no. 17-18 (November 19, 2018): 1331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1535370218811950.

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Mechanical ventilation is an essential intervention for intensive care unit patients with acute lung injury. However, the use of controlled mechanical ventilation in both animal and human models causes ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction, wherein a substantial reduction in diaphragmatic force-generating capacity occurs, along with structural injury and atrophy of diaphragm muscle fibers. Although diaphragm dysfunction, noted in most mechanically ventilated patients, is correlated with poor clinical outcome, the specific pathophysiology underlying ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction requires further elucidation. Numerous factors may underlie this condition in humans as well as animals, such as increased oxidative stress, calcium-activated calpain and caspase-3, the ubiquitin–proteasome system, autophagy–lysosomal pathway, and proapoptotic proteins. All these alter protein synthesis and degradation, thus resulting in muscle atrophy and impaired contractility and compromising oxidative phosphorylation and upregulating glycolysis associated with impaired mitochondrial function. Furthermore, infection combined with mechanical stretch may induce multisystem organ failure and render the diaphragm more sensitive to ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction. Herein, several major cellular mechanisms associated with autophagy, apoptosis, and mitochondrial biogenesis—including toll-like receptor 4, nuclear factor-κB, Src, class O of forkhead box, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and Janus kinase—are reviewed. In addition, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies used to ameliorate ventilator-induced diaphragm dysfunction and thus prevent delay in the management of patients under prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation. Impact statement Mechanical ventilation (MV) is life-saving for patients with acute respiratory failure but also causes difficult liberation of patients from ventilator due to rapid decrease of diaphragm muscle endurance and strength, which is termed ventilator-induced diaphragmatic damage (VIDD). Numerous studies have revealed that VIDD could increase extubation failure, ICU stay, ICU mortality, and healthcare expenditures. However, the mechanisms of VIDD, potentially involving a multistep process including muscle atrophy, oxidative loads, structural damage, and muscle fiber remodeling, are not fully elucidated. Further research is necessary to unravel mechanistic framework for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying VIDD, especially mitochondrial dysfunction and increased mitochondrial oxidative stress, and develop better MV strategies, rehabilitative programs, and pharmacologic agents to translate this knowledge into clinical benefits.

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19

Krützfeldt, Jan, and Alexandra Fahrner. "OR24-1 Paracrine Growth Factor Signaling Regulates Muscle Regeneration in Aged Mice via microRNA 501." Journal of the Endocrine Society 6, Supplement_1 (November 1, 2022): A351. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvac150.729.

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Abstract Background Skeletal muscle is one of to the most dynamic and plastic tissues. The capacity to regenerate arises from adult muscle stem cells termed myogenic progenitors (MPs) that are activated in response to injury and differentiate to replenish damaged muscle fibers. The age-related loss of muscle mass is reflected in the reduced regenerative potential of MPs. The underlying mechanisms are still unclear and insights into alterations in adult muscle stem cells during ageing are urgently needed. We have previously identified a novel muscle-specific microRNA, miR-501-3p, that is enriched in activated MPs. Pharmacological inhibition of miR-501 during muscle regeneration promoted small-diameter neofibers. Here, we provide evidence for the regulation of miR-501 in skeletal muscle during aging and its effect on newly formed myofibers using genetic deletion in mice. Methods We analysed the regulation and upstream signalling pathways of miR-501 in primary myoblasts from mice and humans and in skeletal muscle from young and aged mice. We generated a novel Cre-loxP mouse model, which allowed for global and MP-specific deletion of miR-501. Skeletal muscle regeneration was induced using cardiotoxin (CTX) and assessed using immunofluorescence and transcriptomic analysis. Results miR-501 was upregulated in muscle cells by the paracrine growth factors platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) through the Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signalling axis. Expression levels of miR-501 as well as its upstream regulators Pdgf and Vegf were significantly reduced in skeletal muscle from aged mice (22 months) compared to young mice (3 months) by 67.8% (p<0.001), 40.0% (p<0.01) and 36.3% (p<0.05), respectively. Genetic deletion of miR-501 in mice resulted in muscle fibers with decreased size in adult skeletal muscle and in newly formed myofibers during muscle regeneration. RNA-seq of regenerating muscle annotated a critical role for miR-501 in the organisation of muscle filaments. We identified a miR-501-dependent sarcomeric gene signature that involves genes such as myosin heavy chains, titin and tubulin polymerization-promoting protein. This was confirmed in vitro in myotubes from mice and humans in which miR-501 was deleted either genetically or pharmacologically using antagomirs. Altered sarcomeric gene expression correlated with an increased sarcomere length in myotubes lacking miR-501 (2.49 ± 0.08μm vs 3.22 ± 0.15μm, p<0.01). Conclusion Our data indicate that paracrine growth factor signalling contributes to muscle fiber formation via miR-501 in myogenic progenitor cells and its effect on the sarcomere. Restoring the Pdgf+Vegf/miR-501 axis might have the potential to improve muscle formation during aging. Presentation: Monday, June 13, 2022 11:00 a.m. - 11:15 a.m.

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20

Wei, Yanfang, Wei Zhang, Chengyi Hou, Qinghong Zhang, Yaogang Li, and Hongzhi Wang. "Independent dual-responsive Janus chromic fibers." Science China Materials 64, no. 7 (February 2, 2021): 1770–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40843-020-1563-y.

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21

Ionov, Leonid, Georgi Stoychev, Dieter Jehnichen, and Jens Uwe Sommer. "Reversibly Actuating Solid Janus Polymeric Fibers." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 5 (December 19, 2016): 4873–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6b13084.

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22

Akella, Meghana, Soheila Shabaniverki, and Jaime J. Juárez. "Acoustophoretic assembly of millimeter-scale Janus fibers." RSC Advances 10, no. 1 (2020): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra09796a.

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23

Zakharov, Andrei, Len M. Pismen, and Leonid Ionov. "Shape-morphing architectures actuated by Janus fibers." Soft Matter 16, no. 8 (2020): 2086–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm02441g.

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We investigate experimentally and theoretically the variety of shape transitions in structures actuated by Janus fibers. Such structures have a fast response time, well-controllable mechanics, and mimic an elementary cell of the web architecture.

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24

Fan, Zhe, Qiao Sun, Lei Du, and Jie Bai. "Janus-configured all fibre laser Doppler velocimetry." IET Optoelectronics 12, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 50–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2017.0047.

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25

Razzaq, Wasif, Christophe Serra, and Delphine Chan-Seng. "Production of Janus/Hecate microfibers by microfluidic photopolymerization and evaluation of their potential in dye removal." Chemical Communications 58, no. 29 (2022): 4619–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2cc00214k.

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The production of Janus/Hecate polymer microfibers with well-defined interfaces by microfluidic photopolymerization expands the panel of polymer fibers obtained using vinylic monomers and controlling their phase ratio can tune their properties.

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26

Chen, Gaoyun, Ying Xu, Deng-Guang Yu, Dao-Fang Zhang, Nicholas P. Chatterton, and Kenneth N. White. "Structure-tunable Janus fibers fabricated using spinnerets with varying port angles." Chemical Communications 51, no. 22 (2015): 4623–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc00378d.

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27

Ionov, Leonid, Georgi Stoychev, Dieter Jehnichen, and Jens Uwe Sommer. "Correction to “Reversibly Actuating Solid Janus Polymeric Fibers”." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 9, no. 30 (July 19, 2017): 25642. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b08820.

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28

Wang, Menglong, Deng-Guang Yu, Gareth R. Williams, and Sim Wan Annie Bligh. "Co-Loading of Inorganic Nanoparticles and Natural Oil in the Electrospun Janus Nanofibers for a Synergetic Antibacterial Effect." Pharmaceutics 14, no. 6 (June 6, 2022): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics14061208.

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Side-by-side electrospinning is a powerful but challenging technology that can be used to prepare Janus nanofibers for various applications. In this work, cellulose acetate (CA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were used as polymer carriers for silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and lavender oil (LO), respectively, processing these into two-compartment Janus fibers. A bespoke spinneret was used to facilitate the process and prevent the separation of the working fluids. The process of side-by-side electrospinning was recorded with a digital camera, and the morphology and internal structure of the products were characterized by electron microscopy. Clear two-compartment fibers are seen. X-ray diffraction patterns demonstrate silver nanoparticles have been successfully loaded on the CA side, and infrared spectroscopy indicates LO is dispersed on the PCL side. Wetting ability and antibacterial properties of the fibers suggested that PCL-LO//CA-Ag NPs formulation had strong antibacterial activity, performing better than fibers containing only one active component. The PCL-LO//CA-Ag NPs had a 20.08 ± 0.63 mm inhibition zone for E. coli and 19.75 ± 0.96 mm for S. aureus. All the fibers had water contact angels all around 120°, and hence, have suitable hydrophobicity to prevent water ingress into a wound site. Overall, the materials prepared in this work have considerable promise for wound healing applications.

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29

Hasanah, Uswatun, Edlina Putri Sukma Dewi, Umar Santoso, and Supriyadi Supriyadi. "PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTIC OF YOUNG COCONUT LEAVES (Cocos nucifera L.) AS TRADITIONAL PACKAGING." Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress 17, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ifnp.46769.

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Traditional food is usually packed with natural packaging materials such as young coconut leaves (janur), but a little scientific information is available related to the packaging material. This study aimed to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of fresh and steamed janur (30 minutes steaming at 100 0 C). The physical and chemical properties of janur were expected to be the basis for the development of janur as an environmentally friendly packaging material. The results showed that fresh and steamed janur color was greenish-yellow and brownish-yellow. The fresh and steamed janur had a tensile strength 19.19 MPa and 30.62 MPa; water content 73.54% and 69.57%; and fat content 1.85% and 0.54%, respectively. After steaming, the microstructure of the cells became finer and irregular. The dominant fatty acid in fresh janur and steamed janur was palmitic acid (24.27%), and palmitoleic acid (38.56%), respectively. The treatment of steaming of janur influenced the physical and chemical characteristics of packaging materials.

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Synytska, Alla, Rina Khanum, Leonid Ionov, Chokri Cherif, and C. Bellmann. "Water-Repellent Textile via Decorating Fibers with Amphiphilic Janus Particles." ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 3, no. 4 (March 16, 2011): 1216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/am200033u.

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Lv, Nan, Zhigang Wang, Wenzhi Bi, Guangming Li, Jilin Zhang, and Jiazuan Ni. "C8-modified CeO2//SiO2 Janus fibers for selective capture and individual MS detection of low-abundance peptides and phosphopeptides." Journal of Materials Chemistry B 4, no. 25 (2016): 4402–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb00476h.

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Apartsin, Evgeny, and Anne-Marie Caminade. "Single-Component Physical Hydrogels of Dendritic Molecules." Journal of Composites Science 7, no. 1 (January 10, 2023): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs7010026.

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Hydrogels are hydrophilic, three-dimensional networks able to imprison large amounts of water and are largely used in pharmaceutical formulations. Hydrogels are frequently obtained from hydrophilic polymers, either natural, biohybrid, or synthetic. Owing to their peculiar structure, dendrimers can be considered prospective building blocks for hydrogel networks. This review gathers the use of different types of amphiphilic dendritic structures able to generate physical hydrogels alone. Such dendritic structures comprise dendrimers, Janus dendrimers, and dendrons. The first part concerns different types of positively charged phosphorus dendrimers used to generate hydrogels, which are also suitable to form fibers, and for encapsulating diverse substances, or forming complexes with genetic materials for their slow delivery. The second part concerns PAMAM dendrimers functionalized with collagen mimetics. The third part concerns amphiphilic Janus dendrimers, whereas the fourth part displays different types of amphiphilic dendrons and their use, in particular in the fields of materials and drug delivery.

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Yao, Zhi-Cheng, Jun-Chuan Wang, Baolin Wang, Zeeshan Ahmad, Jing-Song Li, and Ming-Wei Chang. "A novel approach for tailored medicines: Direct writing of Janus fibers." Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology 50 (April 2019): 372–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2019.02.006.

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Lv, He, Deng-Guang Yu, Menglong Wang, and Tingbao Ning. "Nanofabrication of Janus Fibers through Side-by-Side Electrospinning - A Mini Review." Materials Highlights 2, no. 1-2 (2021): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mathi.k.210212.001.

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Ho, Chi-Chih, Wen-Shiang Chen, Tzung-Ying Shie, Jiun-Nan Lin, and Changshu Kuo. "Novel Fabrication of Janus Particles from the Surfaces of Electrospun Polymer Fibers." Langmuir 24, no. 11 (June 2008): 5663–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la800282j.

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Yu, Deng-Guang, Chen Yang, Miao Jin, Gareth R. Williams, Hua Zou, Xia Wang, and S. W. Annie Bligh. "Medicated Janus fibers fabricated using a Teflon-coated side-by-side spinneret." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 138 (February 2016): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.11.055.

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Mani, Karthik, Noga Yaakov, Yafit Itzhaik Alkotzer, Evgeni Zelikman, and Guy Mechrez. "A Robust Fabrication Method for Amphiphilic Janus Particles via Immobilization on Polycarbonate Microspheres." Polymers 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10080900.

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Immobilizing particles on beads, fibers, or filaments, when only one side is exposed to the reaction medium and therefore can be selectively functionalized, is a scalable and easy to control strategy for the fabrication of amphiphilic Janus particles. Here we describe a new, robust method for the fabrication of amphiphilic Janus particles based on immobilization of polymethylsilsesquioxane (PMSQ) particles on polycarbonate (PC), a high impact-resistance polymer with superior mechanical properties. The immobilization of the particles on the PC microspores is performed via inverse solvent displacement method. PMSQ particles are added to a PC solution in tetrahydrofuran (THF), a good solvent for PC. The solution is then precipitated by the introduction of aqueous surfactant solution (antisolvent for PC) under an ultrasonic field. It is important to note that THF and water are miscible and do not form emulsion. During precipitation, PMSQ particles are assembled onto the surface of the PC spherical precipitates/microspheres. The exposed hemispheres of the PMSQ particles are then selectively silanized by (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) to introduce amine groups on their surface. To increase the polarity of the functionalized hemispheres, the amine groups are further modified to introduce carboxyl groups. SEM characterization confirms the fine embedment of PMSQ particles onto the PC microspheres. Covalent attachment of silica nanoparticles (NPs) to the functionalized hemispheres of the resulting particles along with fluorescent confocal microscopy conclusively prove the successful fabrication of amphiphilic Janus particles. The immobilization of particles onto highly rigid polymeric microspheres such as PC may pave the way for the development of a robust fabrication procedure with high resistance to temperature fluctuations and harsh mixing conditions that can arise during preparation. This method can be implemented toward a large variety of other synthetic commercial polymers such as polyamide, polyether sulfones, Polyether, ether ketone, or similar.

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Youn, Seonyoung, and Chung Hee Park. "Development of breathable Janus superhydrophobic polyester fabrics using alkaline hydrolysis and blade coating." Textile Research Journal 89, no. 6 (February 28, 2018): 959–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040517518760750.

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Alkaline hydrolysis is a common finishing method that is used to give polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) a more natural touch and improved luster via chemical or physical changes in the fibers. However, its potential as a tool for surface modification in the development of single-sided superhydrophobic materials has not been studied yet. In this research, Janus superhydrophobic PET fabrics with asymmetric wetting properties (one side of the PET surface was rendered superhydrophobic while the other side was simply hydrophobic) were fabricated in two steps. Fine roughness was first achieved on the surface of PET fabrics by alkaline hydrolysis. Subsequently, optimized foam-coating emulsions were applied on only one surface of the alkaline-hydrolyzed PET. Alkaline treatment time, solution temperature, and viscosity of the foam-coating emulsions were varied to find optimal conditions in terms of structural changes, mechanical properties, superhydrophobicity, and absorption ability. The specimen treated with an aqueous solution of 8% sodium hydroxide at 70℃ for 60 min and coated with the mixture of the fluoro-emulsion and thickener in the volume ratio of 40:2 was determined to be the optimal conditions for the Janus superhydrophobic property. This sample showed a contact angle of 162.8° and a shedding angle of 5.6° on one side, whereas it completely permitted the percolation of water drops on the other side within 109 s. The mechanical properties of the developed Janus PET under the optimal conditions did not decrease significantly; its weight and tensile strength were found to have decreased by 3.3% and 19.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the single-sided superhydrophobic specimen demonstrated higher moisture transmissibility than the double-sided coated PET under the same alkaline treatment conditions. The method developed herein eliminates the requirement for an additional process to deliver nanoscale surface roughness and has the potential to produce waterproof–breathable PET fabrics for outdoor clothing.

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Zhou, Guangliang, Guang Yang, Xilin Li, Yang He, and Shaobing Zhou. "Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Cooperative Janus Branched Polymer Fibers with Controllable Length and Density of Nanobranches." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 303, no. 5 (March 15, 2018): 1800006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.201800006.

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Cheng, Wenlong. "(Invited) Gold Nanowire Electronic Skins for Wearable Biochemical Monitoring." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-01, no. 53 (July 7, 2022): 2177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-01532177mtgabs.

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Next generation of electronic devices will be not only flexible but also stretchable, enabling applications impossible to achieve with existing rigid circuit board technologies. This needs new materials and new design principles. Among various materials of choices, gold has advantages of biocompatibity, chemical inertness, facile synthesis/Surface functionalisation and band-gap-matching with a lot of semiconductors materials. In this talk, I will discuss our newly developed standing gold nanowire-based soft electrochemical biosensing platform in the forms of patches, fibers and tattoos. The unique Janus structures, high surface area and facile surface modification offer materials attributes for next-generation wearable biodianostics for real-time monitoring vitals such as glucose, latctate and catitionic ions.

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Ji, Xuan, Rui Li, Wenyuan Jia, Guomin Liu, Yungang Luo, and Zhiqiang Cheng. "Co-Axial Fibers with Janus-Structured Sheaths by Electrospinning Release Corn Peptides for Wound Healing." ACS Applied Bio Materials 3, no. 9 (August 13, 2020): 6430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acsabm.0c00860.

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Zheng, Xiaolu, Shixiong Kang, Ke Wang, Yaoyao Yang, Deng-Guang Yu, Fuxian Wan, Gareth R. Williams, and Sim-Wan Annie Bligh. "Combination of structure-performance and shape-performance relationships for better biphasic release in electrospun Janus fibers." International Journal of Pharmaceutics 596 (March 2021): 120203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120203.

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Yan, Xiang, Aurélie Cayla, Eric Devaux, Belkacem Otazaghine, and Fabien Salaün. "Polypropylene/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Blends Compatibilized with Kaolinite Janus Hybrid Particles and Their Transformation into Fibers." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 58, no. 25 (June 4, 2019): 10931–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.9b01990.

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44

Torasso, Nicolás, Paula González-Seligra, Federico Trupp, Diana Grondona, and Silvia Goyanes. "Turning a Novel Janus Electrospun Mat into an Amphiphilic Membrane with High Aromatic Hydrocarbon Adsorption Capacity." Colloids and Interfaces 6, no. 4 (November 4, 2022): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids6040066.

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Aromatic hydrocarbons in water is one of the collateral effects of the petrochemical industry and represents a serious problem both for their toxicity and environmental contamination. In this work, an innovative amphiphilic membrane was developed capable of rapidly removing hydrocarbons (such as BTEX) present in water under the solubility limit. Firstly, a Janus nanostructured membrane was developed from the deposition of superhydrophobic carbonaceous nanoparticles (CNPs) synthesized by radiofrequency plasma polymerization on a hydrophilic electrospun poly(vinyl alcohol) mat. Secondly, this membrane was turned amphiphilic by UV exposure, allowing water to pass through. The surface properties of the membranes were studied through SEM, contact angle, and FTIR analysis. Dead-end experiments showed that the toluene and xylene selective sorption capacity reached the outstanding adsorption capacity of 647 mg/g and 666 mg/g, respectively, and that the membrane could be reused three times without efficiency loss. Furthermore, swelling of the PVA fibers prevented the liberation of NPs. The selective sorption capacity of the UV-exposed CNPs was explained by studying the interfacial energy relations between the materials at play. This work provides a simple, low-cost, and scalable technique to develop membranes with great potential for water remediation, including the removal of volatile organic compounds from produced water, as well as separating oil-in-water emulsions.

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Neil, Douglas M., and Alan D. Ansell. "The Orientation of Tail-Flip Escape Swimming in Decapod and Mysid Crustaceans." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 75, no. 1 (February 1995): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400015198.

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The orientation of tail-flip escape swimming in a range of adult decapod and mysid crustaceans is reviewed. In mechanical terms, tail-flip swimming constitutes unsteady locomotion in which a single ‘appendage’, the abdomen, produces thrust by a combination of a rowing action and a final ‘squeeze’ force when the abdomen presses against the cephalothorax. In small crustaceans, a symmetrical ‘jack-knife’ tail-flip is more typical. Tail-flip flexion is controlled by two giant-fibre pathways, and also by a non-giant-neuronal network. The direction of thrust in the sagittal plane, and hence the elevation, translation and rotation of the tail-flip are dependent upon the point of stimulation and on the giant-fibre pathway activated. The laterality of the stimulus also affects the orientation of swimming, which is directed away from the point of stimulation. In large decapods such as the lobsters Nephrops norvegicus and Jasus lalandii steering is produced by asym-metrical movements of various abdominal appendages, and by rotation of the abdomen about the cephalothorax. In slipper lobsters the flattened antennae provide steering surfaces. In smaller decapods, such as the brown shrimp Crangon crangon, and in mysids, such as Praunus flexuosus, steering is effected by a rapid rotation of the whole body about its longitudinal axis during the initial stages of tail-flip flexion. The effectiveness of tail-flip swimming is considered in the context of predator-prey interactions under natural conditions and in relation to artificial threats from fishing gear.

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McGarvey, Richard, Adrian Linnane, Janet M. Matthews, and Annabel Jones. "Decision rules for quota setting to support spatial management in a lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 2 (October 24, 2016): 588–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsw177.

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The Northern Zone rock lobster fishery in South Australia is extensive, covering ca. 207 000 km2. Managed under transferable quotas, the majority of the annual total allowable commercial catch (TACC) is taken on eastern inshore grounds, targeting the smaller redder lobsters favoured by Chinese buyers. The confined nature of fishing under the TACC system has led to concerns of localized spatial depletion and suggested a need for spatial management. A regional partition of the TACC was proposed. Formal prescriptive decision-rule tables for setting regional TACCs annually were constructed based on target exploitation rates. A target exploitation rate of 20% historically produced zero average yearly change in biomass and, in previous bioeconomic projection modelling, achieved near-optimal net economic return. Using an age-based fishery assessment model that fits to catch totals by both weight and number landed, conditioning on fishing effort and mean weights-at-age, we estimated harvestable biomass for three regions. The management response was to establish inner and outer subzones where separate TACC decision rules are now adopted. Basing the harvest strategy on a target exploitation rate underlies a simple direct method for constructing decision-rule tables for setting TACC using the indicator of previous year’s catch per unit effort (cpue). In the normal cpue range, a constant target exploitation rate is applied. At lower levels of stock abundance, below a designated upper limit reference point of cpue, the exploitation rates used to assign TACCs are set to decline linearly from the normal target level, reaching zero at a designated lower-limit reference cpue point below which the fishery is closed. At higher levels of cpue, stakeholders agreed to a TACC cap, under which exploitation rate decreases if biomass rises. This case study applies where formal harvest strategy decision rules for quota-based lobster fisheries are considered at finer spatial scales.

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Linnane, A. J., S. S. Penny, and T. M. Ward. "Contrasting fecundity, size at maturity and reproductive potential of southern rock lobster Jasus edwardsii in two South Australian fishing regions." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 88, no. 3 (May 2008): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315408001021.

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The annual commercial catch from the Southern Zone of the South Australian rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) fishery is ~1900 tonnes, representing ~50% of total landings from south-east Australia. A single minimum legal size (MLS) of 98.5 mm carapace length (CL) exists across the entire zone. Fecundity (F), size at onset of maturity (SOM) and relative reproductive potential (RRP) of female rock lobsters were investigated in two major fishing regions, i.e. the North Southern Zone (NSZ) and South Southern Zone (SSZ) with a view to providing a basis for future fine-scale spatial management of the resource. F ranged from 45,292 to 466,800 eggs per female and increased proportionally with CL according to the relationship: F = 0.0584 × CL3.1642. F was significantly higher in the NSZ compared to the SSZ but was attributed to differences in lobster size between regions. There was no significant difference in the number of eggs · g−1 of egg mass between areas. SOM, estimated as the size at which 50% of females reached sexual maturity (L50) was higher in the NSZ (104.1 mm CL) compared to SSZ (92.3 mm CL). Approximately 20% of lobsters above the MLS in the commercial catch in the NSZ were under the L50 estimate. RRP, as a measure of egg production, was calculated for each size-class from the product of F, SOM and population length–frequency. The modal RRP size-classes in the NSZ were 117.5–122.5 mm CL, while in the SSZ it was 97.5–102.5 mm CL. Only 6% of RRP was contributed by female rock lobsters below the MLS in the NSZ, compared to 34% in the SSZ. Regional differences in SOM and RRP in the Southern Zone of South Australia suggest that different MLSs may be beneficial, particularly if the fishery is to be effectively managed at finer spatial scales.

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Nolasco, Ana Laura, Christina Siebe, Gerardo Ceballos, and Rurik List. "Bison wallows effect on soil properties, vegetation composition and structure in a recently reintroduced area." Therya 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 295–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.12933/therya-22-2124.

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Bison are considered an ecologically keystone species of the North American grasslands because their activities influence ecosystem dynamics and interactions, particularly their wallowing behavior. In 2009, 23 bison were reintroduced within a 1,500 ha private native semi-arid grassland in Janos, Chihuahua. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of bison wallows on the composition and structure of the vegetation, on species composition of annual grasses, and soil properties. Soil and vegetation samples were taken from inside the wallows and were compared against the samples obtained outside the wallows from late August to early September. The percentage of plant cover and the height of the foliage were measured inside and outside the wallow. Soil cores were taken, and the presence of soluble salts, moisture retention capacity, percentage of clay, and concentration of nutrients was determined. The three associations preferred by bison for wallowing were toboso grassland, vine mesquite and annual grassland. Of the 27 species of grasses and forbs recorded in the three plant associations mostly used for wallowing, we found that 17 species were present inside and outside wallows. Five different species were found only inside wallows and another five, only outside of wallows. The annual grassland plants had a greater height outside the wallows. The toboso grassland association presented higher soil moisture, likely related to the higher percentage of clay, and the annual grassland presented the highest bulk density (BD) inside the wallows, which limited plant growth in this association. Soils in other associations did not show significant differences in BD among them, mainly due to their finer texture. No significant effect of the wallows on nutrient concentrations was recorded. The lack of significant differences related to bison activities could be related to the brief period since the herd was reintroduced to the site. These differences might become apparent over time with a larger herd. For this reason, we conclude that the current differences in the soil properties are mainly due to geomorphological processes. That is, at this stage after the reintroduction, the grasslands are responding to soil characteristics, and not to the activity of the bison.

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Hirano, Y., and Y. Ono. "AB0368 EFFECTS OF SWITCHING FROM ETANERCEPT ORIGINATOR TO ETANERCEPT BIOSIMILAR ON DISEASE ACTIVITY, PHYSICAL FUNCTION, AND PATIENT-REPORTED OUTCOME REGARDING A SELF-INJECTION DEVICE IN PATIENTS WITH WELL-CONTROLLED RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 1311.1–1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.4365.

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BackgroundAlthough biological drugs have dramatically changed and improved the outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a lot of unresolved problems still exist. Although comorbidity by which enough treatment drugs cannot be prescribed or RA patients refractory to biological agents are representatives, financial difficulty is another representative. There are RA patients who hesitate biological treatment or treatment with Janus-kinase inhibitor due to financial difficulty. Although biosimilar disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are promising treatment options for such patients, real-world clinical experiences are still lacking in respect to exchanging from biological originator DMARDs to biosimilar DMARDs.ObjectivesThis retrospective study investigated the effects of switching from etanercept originator (ETN-OR) to ETN biosimilar (ETN-BS: LBEC0101 developed by LG Chem) on disease activity, physical function, and patient reported outcome (PRO) regarding a self-injection device in patients with well-controlled RA.MethodsData from the Toyohashi RA Database (TRAD) was used, which is a collection of single-center retrospective data. We retrospectively investigated disease activity, modified health assessment questionnaire (mHAQ), and patient characteristics in 42 RA patients that switched from ETN-OR to ETN-BS at least 6 months prior. Patients were also requested to answer the Toyohashi Self-Injection Assessment Questionnaire (T-SAQ), originally designed to assess PRO. T-SAQ consisted of 18 questions about self-injection device such as burden, learning, pain, convenience, handling and so on. Best was 0 and worst was 4 in each question and mean score of 18 questions was called total T-SAQ score. ResultsAll the patients were female. The mean age, RA duration, and ETN-OR treatment duration were 63.1 years, 18.3 years, and 3107 days, respectively. Mean disease activity and mean mHAQ after switching were as follows (baseline-3 months-6): DAS28-CRP (1.86-2.00-2.03), SDAI (4.3-5.0-5.3), and mHAQ (0.43-0.44-0.46). SDAI after 6 months was significantly elevated compare to baseline. Among each parameter, tender joints count at 3 months and patients’ global assessment at 6 months after switching are significantly increased compared to baseline (Table 1). Other parameters such as swollen joint counts, physician global assessment and CRP were not significantly changed. Total T-SAQ scores before and after switching were 1.3 and 1.1 (p < 0.01), respectively. Ease of use, mental tension, and pain were especially improved after switching to ETN-BS.ConclusionSwitching from ETN-OR to ETN-BS worsened disease activity in well-controlled RA patients in our real-world clinical practice due to not objective findings, but subjective complaints by RA patient. We thought that nocebo effect was one of the reasons to explain the results. On the other hand, the PRO regarding the injection device was improved. This improvement may be due to Finer needle of ETN-BS (ETN-OR: 27G, ETN-OR: 29G).Disclosure of InterestsNone declared

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Arranz, Lorena, Abel Sánchez-Aguilera, Joan Isern, Daniel Martín-Pérez, Alexandar Tzankov, Juerg Schwaller, Radek C. Skoda, and Simón Méndez-Ferrer. "Sympathetic Neuropathy Of The Hematopoietic Stem Cell Niche Is Essential For Myeloproliferative Neoplasms." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.268.268.

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Abstract Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are originated by mutations in a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC), frequently in the Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) gene. Different outcomes of this common event and limited efficacy of JAK2 inhibitors suggest the contribution of other factors. Additional HSC mutations and HSC-niche interaction might influence MPN progression, characterized by sequential expansion of HSCs, blood cells and megakaryocytes. Ensuing bone marrow (BM) fibrosis and osteosclerosis, which are contributed by osteoblastic lineage cells in a BCR/ABL CML model (Schepers et al Cell Stem Cell 2013), impede normal hematopoiesis. We have previously shown that BM nestin+ mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) innervated by sympathetic nerve fibers regulate HSCs (Méndez-Ferrer et al Nature 2008 & 2010). Here we demonstrate that damage to this regulatory network is required for MPN manifestation. Nestin+ MSCs and NESTIN mRNA expression were rapidly reduced in the BM of MPN patients and mice expressing the human JAK2-V617F mutation. This reduction was not due to nestin+ MSC differentiation into fibroblasts or osteoblasts, as shown by 25-week lineage-tracing studies using Nes-CreERT2;RCE-loxP mice, but instead caused by early MSC apoptosis. In turn, nestin+ cell reduction stimulated MPN progression; selective nestin+ cell depletion using Nes-CreERT2;iDTA mice increased peripheral white and red blood cells, megakaryocytic invasion of spleen germinal centers and BM osteosclerosis. Our recent results indicate that the neural crest contributes during development to BM MSCs with specialized HSC niche function and that postnatal murine BM Nestin-GFP+ cells do not only contain MSCs but also Schwann cell precursor-like cells (Isern et al, ISSCR Annual Meeting 2013). BM Nestin-GFP+ cells from MPN mice showed reduced expression of HSC maintenance and mesenchymal genes, and increased expression of genes related to axon guidance and Schwann cell differentiation. Principal component analyses of independent biological samples further showed that control BM nestin+ cells clustered together with MSCs, whereas MPN BM nestin+ cells resembled Schwann cell precursors. These data suggested alterations to the neural component of the BM HSC niche in MPN. Indeed, BM sympathetic nerve fibers and Schwann cells, closely associated but different from Nestin-GFP+ cells, were rapidly reduced in the BM of diseased animals. Symptomatic MPN mice were treated with selective β3-adrenergic agonists to compensate for the loss of sympathetic stimulation of nestin+ MSCs. Treatment with BRL37344 or the recently FDA approved drug Mirabegron prevented MPN-associated neutrophilia and thrombocytosis, while it did not affect peripheral blood counts of wild-type mice. While vehicle-injected animals showed severe BM fibrosis, long-term BRL37344 treatment led to virtual absence of focal reticulin deposits or excessive fibroblasts. To further confirm the contribution of BM neural damage to MPN pathogenesis, diseased mice were treated with a neuroprotective agent. Sympathetic nerve-ensheathing Schwann cells were strongly reduced in the BM of vehicle-injected animals but preserved in 4-methylcatechol-treated mice. Like in BRL37344-treated animals, this was associated with prevention of very early MPN events, including neutrophilia and BM overproduction of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β. Since MPN is originated by a mutant HSC, we reasoned that sympathetic neuropathy might contribute to MPN pathogenesis through early disruption of the HSC niche. The chemokine Cxcl12 regulates HSC migration and proliferation. At early MPN stage, HSC expansion and mobilization correlated with decreased BM Cxcl12 expression and protein levels. Concomitantly, BM nestin+ MSC number and their Cxcl12 expression were significantly reduced. BRL37344 treatment completely restored the number of BM nestin+ cells and improved Cxcl12 BM levels. Treatment with 4-methylcatechol or BRL37344 prevented the early expansion of mutant hematopoietic progenitors, whereas long-term BRL37344 treatment efficiently reduced mutant hematopoietic progenitor numbers in BM and peripheral blood. These results demonstrate that damage of the niche, induced by the mutated HSCs, critically contributes to JAK2-V617F+ MPN pathogenesis. They also unravel HSC niche-forming MSCs and their neural regulation as promising novel therapeutic targets in MPN. Disclosures: Arranz: Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC): National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013, National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013 Patents & Royalties. Off Label Use: Beta-3-adrenergic agonists (e.g. FDA-approved Mirabegron) and neuroprotective drugs for the treatment of myeloprolifeative diseases. Isern:Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC): National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013, National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013 Patents & Royalties. Méndez-Ferrer:Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC): National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013, National patent application number 201330677 entitled “Neuroprotective/neurocompensatory therapy for the treatment of myeloproliferative diseases”, with priority date May 10, 2013 Patents & Royalties.

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