Статті в журналах: "Ispra"

1

Casella, Laura, Pietro Massimiliano Bianco, Pierangela Angelini, and Emi Morroni. "Italian National Vegetation Database (BVN/ISPRA)." Biodiversity & Ecology 4 (September 10, 2012): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.7809/b-e.00192.

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2

Adam, M., J. P. Putaud, S. Martins dos Santos, A. Dell'Acqua, and C. Gruening. "Aerosol hygroscopicity at Ispra EMEP-GAW station." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 2 (February 17, 2012): 5293–340. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-5293-2012.

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Abstract. This study focuses on the aerosol hygroscopic properties as determined from ground-based measurements and Mie theory. Usually, aerosol ground-based measurements are taken in dry conditions to ensure data consistency within networks. The dependence of the various aerosol optical characteristics (e.g. aerosol absorption, scattering, backscattering or extinction coefficients) on relative humidity has therefore to be established in order to determine their values in the atmosphere, where relative humidity can reach high values. We calculated mean monthly diurnal values of the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor at 90% relative humidity GF(90) based on measurements performed at EMEP-GAW station of Ispra with a Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer over eight months in 2008 and 2009. Particle hygroscopicity increases with particle dry diameter ranging from 35 to 165 nm for all seasons. We observed a clear seasonal variation in GF(90) for particles larger than 75 nm, and a diurnal cycle in spring and winter for all sizes. For 165 nm particles, GF(90) averages 1.32 ± 0.06. The effect of the particle hygroscopic growth on the aerosol optical properties (scattering, extinction, absorption and backscatter coefficients, asymmetry parameter and backscatter faction) was computed using the Mie theory, based on data obtained from a series of instruments running at our station. We found median enhancement factors (defined as ratios between the values of optical variables at 90% and 0% relative humidity) equal to 1.1, 2.1, 1.7, and 1.8, for the aerosol absorption, scattering, backscattering, and extinction coefficients, respectively. All except the absorption enhancement factor show a strong correlation with the hygroscopic growth factor. The enhancement factors observed at our site are among the lowest observed across the world for the aerosol scattering coefficient, and among the highest for the aerosol backscatter fraction.

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3

De Fioravante, Paolo De, Andrea Strollo, Alice Cavalli, Angela Cimini, Daniela Smiraglia, Francesca Assennato, and Michele Munafò. "Ecosystem Mapping and Accounting in Italy Based on Copernicus and National Data through Integration of EAGLE and SEEA-EA Frameworks." Land 12, no. 2 (January 19, 2023): 286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land12020286.

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Developing appropriate tools to understand and protect ecosystems and the services they provide is of unprecedented importance. This work describes the activity performed by ISPRA for the mapping of the types of ecosystems and the evaluation of their related ecosystem services, to meet the needs of the “ecosystem extent account” and “ecosystem services physical account” activities envisaged by the SEEA-EA framework. A map of the types of ecosystems is proposed, obtained by integrating the main Copernicus data with the ISPRA National Land Consumption Map, according to the MAES (Mapping and Assessment of Ecosystems and their Services) classification system. The crop production and carbon stock values for 2018 were then calculated and aggregated with respect to each ecosystem. The ecosystem accounting was based on the land cover map produced by ISPRA integrating, according to an EAGLE compliant classification system, the same Copernicus and National input data used for mapping the types of ecosystems. The analysis shows the importance of an integrated reading of the main monitoring tools and the advantages in terms of compatibility and comparability, with a view to enhancing the potential of Copernicus land monitoring instruments also in the context of ecosystem accounting activities.

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4

Osimani, Celso, and Jean-Jacques Doublecourt. "The JRC ISPRA Decommissioning and Waste Management Programme." Revue Générale Nucléaire, no. 4 (July 2013): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rgn/20134030.

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5

Gandino, C., W. Leyendecker, and S. Sandroni. "Northern foehn and ground-level ozone at Ispra." Il Nuovo Cimento C 13, no. 3 (May 1990): 669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02507631.

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6

Decataldo, Alessandra, Maria Paola Faggiano, Antonio Fasanella, and Manlio Maggi. "Effects, contexts, mechanisms operating in a quasi-experimental design." SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE, no. 97 (September 2012): 85–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sr2012-097008.

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This action research has been conducted by the Department of Communication and Social Research of the «Sapienza» University of Rome in collaboration with the Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA). The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of an information campaign on radioactivity and its risks, implemented by ISPRA, and directed towards students between 14 and 19 years of age in four cities of the Lazio region. The research was conducted using a quasi experimental design with pretest, post-test and non equivalent control group and did not follow a behaviorist concept of experiment, which would have proceeded on the basis of a simple stimulus-response pattern. Instead, the experimental variable, considered as the main stimulus, was taken into account together with contextual and dispositional characteristics, which can in theory intervene in the cause-effect relation but cannot be "manipulated" by the researcher.

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7

von Oertzen, Gunhild, Olaf Nitzsche, and Artur Hashymov. "UC1 sampling plan, liquid waste storage tanks, JRC Ispra." EPJ Nuclear Sciences & Technologies 6 (2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjn/2019043.

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The objective of INSIDER work package 3 (WP 3) is to draft a sampling guide for initial nuclear site characterization in constrained environments, based on a statistical approach. In this paper, deliverable 3.4 (D 3.4) is presented for WP 3, where the strategy developed in deliverables 3.1 (D 3.1) to 3.3 (D 3.3) is applied to the first of three reference use cases representative of existing decommissioning scenarios. The present discussion focuses on use case 1 (UC1): the liquid waste storage facility at the JRC site of Ispra (Italy). The proposed characterization strategy developed in D 3.2 is applied in a step by step approach to analyse the pre-existing information (obtained through the use of a pre-sampling questionnaire), and to utilise the available inputs towards the development of a sampling plan sufficient for allowing radiological characterization. The proposed sampling plan follows a three-step approach, i.e. determination of possible elevation in activity concentration by non-destructive testing, biased sampling of layers identified, and finally unbiased sampling after mixing of tank contents.

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8

Verdelocco, S., P. Turkowsky, D. Walker, and C. Osimani. "Radon-222 monitoring at the Joint Research Centre — Ispra." Science of The Total Environment 272, no. 1-3 (May 2001): 367–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(01)00721-5.

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9

Dworschak, H., F. Mannone, A. Perujo, G. Pierini, F. Reiter, G. Vassallo, A. Viola, et al. "Tritium research and technology facilities at the JRC-ISPRA." Fusion Engineering and Design 12, no. 3 (June 1990): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-3796(90)90004-p.

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10

Inghilesi, R., A. Orasi, and F. Catini. "The ISPRA Mediterranean Coastal Wave Forecasting system: evaluation and perspectives." Journal of Operational Oceanography 9, sup1 (February 12, 2016): s89—s98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876x.2015.1115635.

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11

Van Velzen, D., and H. Langenkamp. "Ispra Mark 13A, a new process for flue gas desulphurization." Toxicological & Environmental Chemistry 20-21, no. 1 (April 1989): 515–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02772248909357416.

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12

Annunziato, A., A. Yerkess, and C. Addabbo. "FARO and KROTOS code simulation and analysis at JRC Ispra." Nuclear Engineering and Design 189, no. 1-3 (May 1999): 359–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0029-5493(98)00268-4.

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13

Do Toka, Wahyunita. "PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PASIEN INFEKSI SALURAN PERNAPASAN BAWAH AKUT (ISPbA) PADA RUMAH SAKIT DI KOTA TERNATE." Kieraha Medical Journal 4, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33387/kmj.v4i2.5555.

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Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan secara umum oleh infeksi mikroorganisme yang dikenal sebagai sumber morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit menular pada saluran pernapasan baik atas (ISPaA) maupun bawah (ISPbA). Terapi pada infeksi saluran napas pada umumnya adalah antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak sesuai aturan dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan antibiotik pada pasien terdiagnosis ISPbA pada rumah sakit di Kota Ternate. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan pengambilan data secara observasinal retrospektif. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 38 rekam medis pasien terdiagnosis ISPbA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penderita ISPbA lebih banyak diderita oleh laki-laki (57,9%) dengan kelompok umur 18-65 tahun (60,6%) dan diagnosis terbanyak adalah Pneumonia (73,7%). Penggunaan antibiotik terbanyak adalah antibiotik ceftriaxone (42,1%), diikuti antibiotik Levofloxacin dan kombinasi Cefotaxime-Gentamycin yang masing-masing (15,8%). Antibiotik yang paling sedikit digunakan adalah Azytromysin (1%). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah ceftriaxone yang merupakan antibiotik golongan sefalosporin generasi ke-3. Dari hasil ini terlihat bahwa ceftriaxone dapat menjadi pilihan terapi pada pasien terdiagnosis ISPbA.

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14

Adam, M., J. P. Putaud, S. Martins dos Santos, A. Dell'Acqua, and C. Gruening. "Aerosol hygroscopicity at a regional background site (Ispra) in Northern Italy." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 13 (July 2, 2012): 5703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-5703-2012.

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Abstract. This study focuses on the aerosol hygroscopic properties as determined from ground-based measurements and Mie theory. Usually, aerosol ground-based measurements are taken in dry conditions in order to have a consistency within networks. The dependence of the various aerosol optical characteristics (e.g. aerosol absorption, scattering, backscattering or extinction coefficients) on relative humidity has therefore to be established in order to determine their values in the atmosphere, where relative humidity can reach high values. We calculated mean monthly diurnal values of the aerosol hygroscopic growth factor at 90% relative humidity GF(90) based on measurements performed at the atmospheric research station in Ispra (Italy) with a Hygroscopicity Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer over eight months in 2008 and 2009. Particle hygroscopicity increases with particle dry diameter ranging from 35 to 165 nm for all seasons. We observed a clear seasonal variation in GF(90) for particles larger than 75 nm, and a diurnal cycle in spring and winter for all sizes. For 165 nm particles, GF(90) averages 1.32 &pm; 0.06. The effect of the particle hygroscopic growth on the aerosol optical properties (scattering, extinction, absorption and backscatter coefficients, asymmetry parameter and backscatter faction) was computed using the Mie theory, based on data obtained from a series of instruments running at our station. We found median enhancement factors (defined as ratios between the values of optical variables at 90% and 0% relative humidity) equal to 1.1, 2.1, 1.7, and 1.8, for the aerosol absorption, scattering, backscattering, and extinction coefficients, respectively. All except the absorption enhancement factors show a strong correlation with the hygroscopic growth factor. The enhancement factors observed at our site are among the lowest observed across the world for the aerosol scattering coefficient, and among the highest for the aerosol backscatter fraction.

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15

Cappellani, F., and C. Kochler. "Ozone and UV-B variations at Ispra from 1993 to 1997." Atmospheric Environment 33, no. 23 (October 1999): 3787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(98)00436-1.

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16

Jenkins, Norman. "Photovoltaic demonstration projects 2: CEC contractors meeting, Ispra, Italy, May '89." Energy Policy 18, no. 4 (May 1990): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-4215(90)90198-d.

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17

Młyńczak, Marek, and Tomasz Nowakowski. "State of Knowledge on Reliability and Safety in the Light of the Scientific Conferences in 2017." Journal of KONBiN 46, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2018-0033.

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Abstract The presented analysis of state of knowledge on reliability and safety is based on publications of 27th European Safety and Reliability Conference ESREL 2017, which took place in Portoroz in Slovenia on 18-22 June 2017 and 52nd and 49rd Seminars of ESReDA European Safety, Reliability and Data Association which were held, respectively: at Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas, Lithuania (29-31 May 2017) and at European Commission Joint Research Center, Ispra, Italy (13-15 November 2017).

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18

Braca, Giovanni, Martina Bussettini, Rossella Maria Gafà, Gennaro Maria Monti, Lucio Martarelli, Angelantonio Silvi, and Francesco La Vigna. "The Nationwide Water Budget Estimation in the light of the New Permeability Map of Italy." Acque Sotterranee - Italian Journal of Groundwater 11, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7343/as-2022-575.

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The hydrological budget is one of the fundamental tools for the sustainable management of water resources. In the last decades, the knowledge of the distribution of freshwater resources in space and time is becoming of great concern due to the growing pressure related to increasing population, water pollution, and climate change. Furthermore, in the scope of hydrological balance, the estimation of aquifer assumes particular concern in Italy. In fact, more than 80% of water withdrawal for domestic and drinkable use is derived from groundwater. In this context, the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) has developed a mathematical model for estimating the hydrological budget components at a national and macro-regional scale called BIGBANG. The aquifer recharge is estimated as a percentage of the monthly soil water surplus by the potential infiltration coefficient defined as a function of the permeability of the hydrogeological complexes beneath the soil layer. In this paper, a comparison highlighting the differences between the estimations of the long-term annual average of two of the main hydrological budget components, aquifer recharge and surface runoff, at national and sub-national levels, is carried out. The estimations are based on the new and more detailed Permeability Map of Italy produced by ISPRA and on the old map of the hydrogeological complexes currently used at national level used so far in the BIGBANG budget model.

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19

Pedrini, Paolo, and Fernando Spina. "[A brief history about the ALPI project]." Rivista Italiana di Ornitologia 91, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/rio.2021.553.

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[Conceived by the National Ringing Centre ISPRA and MUSE (Trento, formerly MTSN), the Alps Project was launched in 1997 in order to understand the post-breeding migration strategies of birds across the Italian Alps. The project is realized thanks to the support offered by MUSE and several institutions at a local scale, not to mention the collaboration of over one hundred ringers. In more than twenty years, 40 stations located in sites of passage (alpine and pre-alpine passes) and stop-over (valley floors and slopes) have taken part in the project, leading to a dataset of 666,471 ringed individuals and 191 species (as to 2017). After a first exploratory phase (1997-2002), in which the migration was investigated in its many aspects of specific composition and spatial-temporal variation, the project has been restricted to a smaller number of stations since 2007. Those stations are characterized by working in a standardized and continuous way during the whole period (August-November) or during the migration period of the intra-Palearctic species (end of September-October). In this paper we describe the aims, protocols and organizational aspects of the project, with a special focus on monitoring trends and changes in the long-term phenology. This ongoing project (2021) is part of the ISPRA national ringing plan to monitor bird migration across the country]. [Article in Italian]

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20

Gallucci, Donatello, Filomena Romano, Domenico Cimini, Francesco Di Paola, Sabrina Gentile, Salvatore Larosa, Saverio T. Nilo, et al. "Improvement of Hourly Surface Solar Irradiance Estimation Using MSG Rapid Scanning Service." Remote Sensing 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11010066.

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The purpose of this work is to explore the effect of temporal sampling on the accuracy of the hourly mean Surface Solar Irradiance (SSI) estimation. An upgraded version of the Advanced Model for the Estimation of Surface Solar Irradiance from Satellite (AMESIS), exploiting data from the Meteosat Second Generation Rapid Scanning Service (MSG-RSS), has been used to evaluate the SSI. The assessment of the new version of AMESIS has been carried out against data from two pyranometers located in Southern (Tito) and Northern (Ispra) Italy at an altitude of 760 m and 220 m, respectively. The statistical analysis of the comparison between hourly mean SSI estimates based on temporal sampling every five minutes shows a quantitative improvement compared to those based on 15-minute sampling. In particular, for the whole dataset in Tito, the correlation increases from 0.979 to 0.998, the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) decreases from 45.16 W/m2 to 13.19 W/m2 and the Mean Bias Error (MBE) is reduced from −0.67 W/m2 to −0.02 W/m2. For the whole dataset in Ispra, the correlation increases from 0.995 to 0.998, the RMSE decreases from 24.85 W/m2 to 15.59 W/m2, whereas the MBE increases from 3.84 W/m2 to 4.58 W/m2. This preliminary assessment shows that higher temporal sampling can improve SSI monitoring over areas featuring frequent and rapid solar irradiance variation.

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21

Jovanovic, A., and A. C. Lucia. "Analysis of crack behaviour in the jrc ispra pressurized thermal shock experiment." Nuclear Engineering and Design 119, no. 2-3 (May 1990): 263–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(90)90168-w.

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22

Kirchsteiger, C., and G. Cojazzi. "European Commission initiative to promote technical harmonisation on risk-based decision making." Kerntechnik 66, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2001): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kern-2001-0017.

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Abstract The EC-JRC International Workshop on Promotion of Technical Harmonisation on Risk-Based Decision Making, held at Stresa & Ispra, Italy, 22–25 May 2000, was an experts meeting to discuss the possible need and perspectives of developing an internationally accepted generic “standard” for risk-based decision making. This paper briefly describes the workshop background, its organisation and summarises its main results and conclusions; it reflects the personal opinions of the authors and in no way commits the European Commission.

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23

Ardoino, Lucia, Sara Adda, Laura Anglesio, and Enrichetta Barbieri. "Selective Electromagnetic Measurements of 4G Signals: Results of an Italian National Intercomparison." Environments 7, no. 1 (January 9, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments7010005.

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In June 2016, with the aim of ensuring a global improvement in the performance of the Italian System of the Environmental Agencies (SNPA) and its homogeneity on the national territory, an intercomparison circuit (IC) was planned and conducted concerning the measurements of electromagnetic fields associated with Long Term Evolution (LTE) mobile communications, which were very recently introduced at that time. The intercomparison circuit, designed and built according to the criteria of ISO 17043, was organized as part of a consolidated collaboration between the Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) and the Piedmont Regional Agency for Environmental Protection (Arpa Piemonte). The results obtained, preceded by a brief description of the entire process of organization and analysis, are the subject of this work. The IC covered in particular: the narrow band measurement procedures used in the field; the choice of decoding, measurement and extrapolation of the synthesis result; the response of the instrumentation, limited to the models in the field. The site chosen by the organizers, primarily characterized through measurements and theoretical evaluation of the field, is the roof of the Lingotto Building in Turin. A total of 27 groups participated in the circuit: 25 SNPA departments (including the organizers Arpa Piemonte and ISPRA) and 2 private labs. All participants provided the results. The outcome of the comparison was decidedly positive: only 2 participants, for whom a joint assessment of possible causes will also be illustrated (according to ISO 5725:2), achieved significantly different results.

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24

Luti, Tania, Paolo De Fioravante, Ines Marinosci, Andrea Strollo, Nicola Riitano, Valentina Falanga, Lorella Mariani, Luca Congedo, and Michele Munafò. "Land Consumption Monitoring with SAR Data and Multispectral Indices." Remote Sensing 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 1586. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13081586.

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Land consumption is the increase in artificial land cover, which is a major issue for environmental sustainability. In Italy, the Italian Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) and National System for Environmental Protection (SNPA) have the institutional duty to monitor land consumption yearly, through the photointerpretation of high-resolution images. This study intends to develop a methodology in order to produce maps of land consumption, by the use of the semi-automatic classification of multitemporal images, to reduce the effort of photointerpretation in detecting real changes. The developed methodology uses vegetation indices calculated over time series of images and decision rules. Three variants of the methodology were applied to detect the changes that occurred in Italy between the years 2018 and 2019, and the results were validated using ISPRA official data. The results show that the produced maps include large commission errors, but thanks to the developed methodology, the area to be photointerpreted was reduced to 7300 km2 (2.4% of Italian surface). The third variant of the methodology provided the highest detection of changes: 70.4% of the changes larger than 100 m2 (the pixel size) and over 84.0% of changes above 500 m2. Omissions are mainly related to single pixel changes, while larger changes are detected by at least one pixel in most of the cases. In conclusion, the developed methodology can improve the detection of land consumption, focusing photointerpretation work over selected areas detected automatically.

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25

BEGHI, G. "A decade of research on thermochemical hydrogen at the Joint Research Centre, Ispra." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 11, no. 12 (1986): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(86)90172-2.

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26

Muntau, H. "Recent developments in the field of environmental reference materials at the JRC Ispra." Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 370, no. 2-3 (June 1, 2001): 134–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160100824.

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27

Utgikar, Vivek, and Bradley Ward. "Life cycle assessment of ISPRA Mark 9 thermochemical cycle for nuclear hydrogen production." Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology 81, no. 11 (2006): 1753–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jctb.1598.

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28

Cappellani, F. "Ozone deficiency and deficit recovery time at Ispra in 1993 with respect to 1992." Il Nuovo Cimento C 17, no. 2 (March 1994): 239–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02508589.

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29

COSTA, GABRIELE, MAURIZIO PANSINI, and MARCO BERTOLINO. "A new sponge species of the genus Antho (Demospongiae, Microcionidae) from the Tyrrhenian deep Sea." Zootaxa 4674, no. 3 (September 25, 2019): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4674.3.9.

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The use of ROVs has greatly enhanced the possibility of obtaining information on living deep sponge communities (Bertolino et al. 2015). The aim of this work is to describe a new Mediterranean species, Antho (Plocamia) sarasiri sp. nov. (Microcionidae Carter, 1875), characterized by dumbbell spicules making up the framework of the choanosomal skeleton (Van Soest et al. 2013). Samples were collected by ROV during an oceanographic survey in September 2012 on board of the R/V ‘Astrea’ (ISPRA) in “Secca P.ta Fetovaia” (42°43’29.54”N 10° 9’31.64”E) (Elba Island, Tyrrhenian Sea) at 70 m depth. We compared our sample with additional material collected by Sarà & Siribelli (1960, 1962).

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30

Clerici, M., and F. Mélin. "Aerosol direct radiative effect in the Po Valley region derived from AERONET measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 1 (February 15, 2008): 3227–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-3227-2008.

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Abstract. The aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) affecting the Po Valley and the adjacent North Adriatic Sea is studied using 10-year series of measurements collected at two AERONET sites located in the western part of the Valley (Ispra), and on a platform (AAOT) offshore Venice. This region is characterized by a high, mostly continental, aerosol load with comparable average aerosol optical thickness τa at both locations (0.21 at 500 nm) and more absorbing aerosols at Ispra. A dynamic aerosol model accounting for the changes in scattering phase function with τa is used for radiative transfer calculations, together with boundary conditions representative of terrestrial and marine surfaces. A sensitivity analysis allows the construction of an error budget for the daily ADRE estimates, found to be of the order of 20% and mostly due to uncertainties on aerosol single scattering albedo and τa. The daily radiative efficiencies, normalized by τa at 500 nm, increase from December to June, from −17 to −24 W m−2 τa−1 at top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and −33 to −72 W m−2 τa−1 at surface for the Po Valley, and from −15 to −32 (TOA) and −35 to −65 W m−2 τa−1 (surface) for the AAOT site. The average of log-transformed ADRE for TOA, surface and atmosphere are −5.2, −12.2 and +6.8 W m−2 for the Po Valley case, and −6.5, −13.0 and +6.5 W m−2 for the AAOT site but these values can be much higher for individual days. Concurrent clear-sky days give indications on the regional atmospheric heating spatial gradients. Differences between the atmospheric ADRE at the two locations average 6.3 W m−2 with a gradient positive towards the inner valley in 65% of the cases. This study confirms the importance of duly considering the radiative impact of aerosols on the regional climate.

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31

Borgogno-Mondino, Enrico, Andrea Borgia, and Corrado Cigolini. "Locating the Italian Radioactive Waste Repository: Issues and Perplexities Arisen from Open Data-Based Analyses about the TO-10 Site (NW Italy)." Land 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2021): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10090932.

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Recently, Italy has started the procedure for the selection of suitable sites for hosting the National Repository for Low-Medium Activity Radioactive Wastes. Sogin spa, a public company, taking into account the criteria of the ISPRA Technical Guide no. 29, solicited by the EU Directive 2011/70/Euratom, has presented the CNAPI (National Map of the Potentially Suitable Areas) which has become operative since 5 January 2021. Sixty-seven sites were identified in Italy as potentially suitable for hosting the repository. Some criticalities immediately appeared concerning the properness of the selection. An analysis was, therefore, achieved to explore part of the rationales underlying the adopted procedure. A paradigmatic site, namely the TO-10 one (NW Italy), was chosen for the analysis, which highlighted significant anomalies affecting both the procedure rationales and its results. Since the selection process majorly relies on geographical data, attention was particularly paid on the role of official data from open archives. With reference to the most updated and detailed ones, we demonstrated that the Sogin procedure suffers from several critical points. In particular, with reference to the TO-10 site, we found that it cannot be absolutely considered to be suitable for hosting the National Deposit. In fact, it proved to match several exclusion criteria included in the ISPRA Technical Guide n. 29. These include: the potentially high “seismic risk” due to a “seismic gap” and complex tectonics associated with uplift (up to 1–1.5 mm/y); a highly vulnerable and extremely superficial groundwater table; a high permeability (10−2–10−3 m/s) of the cover sedimentary units; not proper buffer zones around local settlements. In spite of the local specificity of the analysis, results concerning procedure weaknesses are general. Consequently, we expect that they can be a stimulus for Sogin to more properly face the next steps of the selection procedure.

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Visser, Auke J., Laurens N. Ganzeveld, Ignacio Goded, Maarten C. Krol, Ivan Mammarella, Giovanni Manca, and K. Folkert Boersma. "Ozone deposition impact assessments for forest canopies require accurate ozone flux partitioning on diurnal timescales." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 24 (December 17, 2021): 18393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-18393-2021.

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Abstract. Dry deposition is an important sink of tropospheric ozone that affects surface concentrations and impacts crop yields, the land carbon sink, and the terrestrial water cycle. Dry deposition pathways include plant uptake via stomata and non-stomatal removal by soils, leaf surfaces, and chemical reactions. Observational studies indicate that ozone deposition exhibits substantial temporal variability that is not reproduced by atmospheric chemistry models due to a simplified representation of vegetation uptake processes in these models. In this study, we explore the importance of stomatal and non-stomatal uptake processes in driving ozone dry deposition variability on diurnal to seasonal timescales. Specifically, we compare two land surface ozone uptake parameterizations – a commonly applied big leaf parameterization (W89; Wesely, 1989) and a multi-layer model (MLC-CHEM) constrained with observations – to multi-year ozone flux observations at two European measurement sites (Ispra, Italy, and Hyytiälä, Finland). We find that W89 cannot reproduce the diurnal cycle in ozone deposition due to a misrepresentation of stomatal and non-stomatal sinks at our two study sites, while MLC-CHEM accurately reproduces the different sink pathways. Evaluation of non-stomatal uptake further corroborates the previously found important roles of wet leaf uptake in the morning under humid conditions and soil uptake during warm conditions. The misrepresentation of stomatal versus non-stomatal uptake in W89 results in an overestimation of growing season cumulative ozone uptake (CUO), a metric for assessments of vegetation ozone damage, by 18 % (Ispra) and 28 % (Hyytiälä), while MLC-CHEM reproduces CUO within 7 % of the observation-inferred values. Our results indicate the need to accurately describe the partitioning of the ozone atmosphere–biosphere flux over the in-canopy stomatal and non-stomatal loss pathways to provide more confidence in atmospheric chemistry model simulations of surface ozone mixing ratios and deposition fluxes for large-scale vegetation ozone impact assessments.

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33

Clerici, M., and F. Mélin. "Aerosol direct radiative effect in the Po Valley region derived from AERONET measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 16 (August 27, 2008): 4925–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-4925-2008.

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Abstract. The aerosol direct radiative effect (ADRE) affecting the Po Valley and the adjacent North Adriatic Sea is studied using 10-year series of measurements collected at two AERONET sites located in the western part of the Valley (Ispra), and on a platform (AAOT) offshore Venice. This region is characterized by a high, mostly continental, aerosol load with comparable average aerosol optical thickness τa at both locations (0.21 at 500 nm) and more absorbing aerosols at Ispra. A dynamic aerosol model accounting for the changes in scattering phase function with τa is used for radiative transfer calculations, together with boundary conditions representative of terrestrial and marine surfaces. A sensitivity analysis allows the construction of an error budget for the daily ADRE estimates, found to be of the order of 20% and mostly due to uncertainties on aerosol single scattering albedo and τa. The daily radiative efficiencies, normalized by τa at 500 nm, increase from December to June, from −17 to −24 W m−2 τa−1 at top-of-atmosphere (TOA) and −33 to −72 W m−2 τa−1 at surface for the Po Valley, and from −15 to −32 (TOA) and −35 to −65 W m−2 τa−1 (surface) for the AAOT site. The average of log-transformed ADRE for TOA, surface and atmosphere are −5.2, −12.2 and +6.8 W m−2 for the Po Valley case, and −6.5, −13.0 and +6.5 W m−2 for the AAOT site but these values can be much higher for individual days. Concurrent clear-sky days give indications on the regional atmospheric heating spatial gradients. Differences between the atmospheric ADRE at the two locations average 6.3 W m−2 with a gradient positive towards the inner valley in 65% of the cases. This study confirms the importance of duly considering the radiative impact of aerosols on the regional climate.

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34

Bursi, Oreste S., Marco Molinari, Alireza Savadkoohi, and Daniele Zonta. "Finite Element Model Updating of a Steel–Concrete Composite Moment - Resisting Structure with Partial Strength Joints." Key Engineering Materials 347 (September 2007): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.347.101.

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Dynamic and static identification of a full scale moment-resisting steel-concrete composite structure with partial strength joints that was tested by means of the pseudo-dynamic testing technique at the ELSA laboratory of the Joint Research Centre at Ispra, Italy, is the subject of this paper. The structure was subjected to pseudo-dynamic and dynamic tests at different damage and peak ground acceleration levels; and the results were used for identifying the behaviour of the structure. Two and three-dimensional refined finite element models of the structure accompanied by a robust nonlinear optimization method, the Powell’s Dog Leg method, were updated in order to reproduce in an optimal fashion the experimental static and dynamic behaviour of the structure.

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35

Prock, Johannes, Eggert Ohlmer, and Michael Labeit. "On-Line Test of Signal Validation Software on the LOBI-MOD2 Facility in Ispra, Italy." Nuclear Technology 97, no. 1 (January 1992): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/nt92-a34625.

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36

SHERWOOD, R. "In: Jimmy L. Perkins, Editor, , Van Nostrand Rheinhold, Ispra, Italy (1997) ISBN 0442 02105 4." Annals of Occupational Hygiene 41, no. 6 (December 1997): 733–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4878(97)89352-0.

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37

Sabbioni, E., G. Pozzi, M. Fischbach, and E. Bahbouth. "Use of cell cultures, nuclear and radioanalytical techniques for metallotoxicological studies at the JRC-Ispra." Cytotechnology 11, S1 (1993): S24—S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00746046.

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38

ROSEN, M. "Exergy analysis of hydrogen production by thermochemical water decomposition using the Ispra Mark-10 Cycle." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33, no. 23 (December 2008): 6921–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.08.057.

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39

Mannone, F. "Basis criteria and current procedures for routine management of tritiated wastes at the JRC-Ispra." Fusion Engineering and Design 17 (December 1991): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-3796(91)90084-4.

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40

Tryhubová, Pavla. "Evropská směrnice INSPIRE." Geoinformatics FCE CTU 1 (December 17, 2006): 176–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/gi.1.20.

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Článek byl vytvořen na základě informací ze semináře a workshopu organizovaného sdružením Nemoforum spolu se Společným výzkumným centrem Evropské komise (EC Joint Research Centre - Ispra, Itálie) a CENIA, českou agenturou pro životní prostředí. Tématem semináře a workshopu byla Geoinformační infrastruktura ČR a INSPIRE.Česká republika vstoupila do Evropské unie (EU) spolu s dalšími devíti státy 1. května 2004. Změny na trhu s geodaty uvnitř Evropské unie se dotýkají i České republiky. Hlavním ohniskem těchto změn je iniciativa INSPIRE. INSPIRE by se měla stát evropskou směrnicí v roce 2007. INSPIRE podporuje harmonizaci prostorových formátů dat, dostupnost datových sad a schopnost vyhledat různé datové sady. V první části článku je shrnut poslední vývoj uvnitř iniciativy INSPIRE a v druhé části jsou zveřejněny závěry zmiňovaného semináře a workshopu.

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41

Putaud, Jean-Philippe, Luca Pozzoli, Enrico Pisoni, Sebastiao Martins Dos Santos, Friedrich Lagler, Guido Lanzani, Umberto Dal Santo, and Augustin Colette. "Impacts of the COVID-19 lockdown on air pollution at regional and urban background sites in northern Italy." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 10 (May 19, 2021): 7597–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-7597-2021.

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Abstract. The COVID-19 lockdown measures gradually implemented in Lombardy (northern Italy) from 23 February 2020 led to a downturn in several economic sectors with possible impacts on air quality. Several communications claimed in the first weeks of March 2020 that the mitigation in air pollution observed at that time was actually related to these lockdown measures without considering that seasonal variations in emissions and meteorology also influence air quality. To determine the specific impact of lockdown measures on air quality in northern Italy, we compared observations from the European Commission Atmospheric Observatory of Ispra (regional background) and from the regional environmental protection agency (ARPA) air monitoring stations in the Milan conurbation (urban background) with expected values for these observations using two different approaches. On the one hand, intensive aerosol variables determined from specific aerosol characterisation observations performed in Ispra were compared to their 3-year averages. On the other hand, ground-level measured concentrations of atmospheric pollutants (NO2, PM10, O3, NO, SO2) were compared to expected concentrations derived from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service Regional (CAMS) ensemble model forecasts, which did not account for lockdown measures. From these comparisons, we show that NO2 concentrations decreased as a consequence of the lockdown by −30 % and −40 % on average at the urban and regional background sites, respectively. Unlike NO2, PM10 concentrations were not significantly affected by lockdown measures. This could be due to any decreases in PM10 (and PM10 precursors) emissions from traffic being compensated for by increases in emissions from domestic heating and/or from changes in the secondary aerosol formation regime resulting from the lockdown measures. The implementation of the lockdown measures also led to an increase in the highest O3 concentrations at both the urban and regional background sites resulting from reduced titration of O3 by NO. The relaxation of the lockdown measures beginning in May resulted in close-to-expected NO2 concentrations in the urban background and to significant increases in PM10 in comparison to expected concentrations at both regional and urban background sites.

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42

Yttri, K. E., W. Aas, A. Bjerke, D. Ceburnis, C. Dye, L. Emblico, M. C. Facchini, et al. "Elemental and organic carbon in PM<sub>10</sub>: a one year measurement campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme EMEP." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 7, no. 2 (March 19, 2007): 3859–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-3859-2007.

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Abstract. In the present study, ambient aerosol (PM10) concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and total carbon (TC) are reported for 12 European rural background sites and two urban background sites following a one-year (1 July 2002–1 July 2003) sampling campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, EMEP (http://www.emep.int/). The purpose of the campaign was to assess the feasibility of performing EC and OC monitoring on a regular basis and to obtain an overview of the spatial and seasonal variability on a regional scale in Europe. Analyses were performed using the thermal-optical transmission (TOT) instrument from Sunset Lab Inc., operating according to a NIOSH derived temperature program. The annual mean mass concentration of EC ranged from 0.17±0.19 μg m−3 (mean ± SD) at Birkenes (Norway) to 1.83±1.32 μg m−3 at Ispra (Italy). The corresponding range for OC was 1.20±1.29 μg m−3 at Mace Head (Ireland) to 7.79±6.80 μg m−3 at Ispra. On average, annual concentrations of EC, OC, and TC were three times higher for rural background sites in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe compared to those situated in the Northern and Western parts of Europe. Wintertime concentrations of EC and OC were higher than those recorded during summer for the majority of the sites. Moderate to high Pearson correlation coefficients (rp) (0.50–0.94) were observed for EC versus OC for the sites investigated. The lowest correlation coefficients were noted for the three Scandinavian sites: Aspvreten (SE), Birkenes (NO), and Virolahti (FI), and the Slovakian site Stara Lesna, and are suggested to reflect biogenic sources, wild and prescribed fires. This suggestion is supported by the fact that higher concentrations of OC are observed for summer compared to winter for these sites. For the rural background sites, total carbonaceous material accounted for 30±9% of PM10, of which 27±9% could be attributed to organic matter (OM) and 3.4±1.0% to elemental matter (EM). OM was found to be more abundant than SO42− for sites reporting both parameters.

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43

Yttri, K. E., W. Aas, A. Bjerke, J. N. Cape, F. Cavalli, D. Ceburnis, C. Dye, et al. "Elemental and organic carbon in PM<sub>10</sub>: a one year measurement campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme EMEP." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 7, no. 22 (November 19, 2007): 5711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-5711-2007.

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Abstract. In the present study, ambient aerosol (PM10) concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and total carbon (TC) are reported for 12 European rural background sites and two urban background sites following a one-year (1 July 2002–1 July 2003) sampling campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, EMEP http://www.emep.int/). The purpose of the campaign was to assess the feasibility of performing EC and OC monitoring on a regular basis and to obtain an overview of the spatial and seasonal variability on a regional scale in Europe. Analyses were performed using the thermal-optical transmission (TOT) instrument from Sunset Lab Inc., operating according to a NIOSH derived temperature program. The annual mean mass concentration of EC ranged from 0.17±0.19 μg m−3 (mean ± SD) at Birkenes (Norway) to 1.83±1.32 μg m−3 at Ispra (Italy). The corresponding range for OC was 1.20±1.29 μg m−3 at Mace Head (Ireland) to 7.79±6.80 μg m−3 at Ispra. On average, annual concentrations of EC, OC, and TC were three times higher for rural background sites in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe compared to those situated in the Northern and Western parts of Europe. Wintertime concentrations of EC and OC were higher than those recorded during summer for the majority of the sites. Moderate to high Pearson correlation coefficients (rp) (0.50–0.94) were observed for EC versus OC for the sites investigated. The lowest correlation coefficients were noted for the three Scandinavian sites: Aspvreten (SE), Birkenes (NO), and Virolahti (FI), and the Slovakian site Stara Lesna, and are suggested to reflect biogenic sources, wild and prescribed fires. This suggestion is supported by the fact that higher concentrations of OC are observed for summer compared to winter for these sites. For the rural background sites, total carbonaceous material accounted for 30±9% of PM10, of which 27±9% could be attributed to organic matter (OM) and 3.4±1.0% to elemental matter (EM). OM was found to be more abundant than SO42- for sites reporting both parameters.

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44

Muthama, Nzioka John, Ugo Scimia, Anna Maria Siani, and Sabino Palmieri. "Toward optimizing Brewer zenith sky total ozone measurements at the Italian stations of Rome and Ispra." Journal of Geophysical Research 100, no. D2 (1995): 3017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jd02389.

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45

Catini, Francesca, Francesca Montagna, Leopoldo Franco, Giorgio Bellotti, Stefano Corsini, Roberto Inghilesi, and Arianna Orasi. "DEVELOPMENT OF A HIGH-RESOLUTION NEARSHORE WAVE FORECASTING/HINDCASTING SYSTEM FOR THE ITALIAN COASTS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 32 (January 27, 2011): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v32.waves.37.

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This paper describes a research aimed at developing a high-resolution nearshore wave forecasting/hindcasting system for the Italian coasts. Data recorded by buoys located in shallow water are compared with hindcasted data. The model uses the results of the well-tested large scale meteorological forecasting system named 'Idro-meteo-mare' (SIMM) managed by ISPRA, the Italian Agency for the Environmental Protection and Research, as wind input for WAM and SWAN models. Two different approaches are used for the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian/Ligurian Sea. In the first eastern basin two/three SWAN nested grids have been used, while in the second western basins two WAM nested grids and a finer SWAN grid have been used. Both methodologies have shown a good accuracy and and a reasonable level of efficiency.

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46

Avila-Haro, Jorge Arturo, Ahmed Saad Elshoura, and Jiří Maca. "Seismic Assessment of Unreinforced Masonry Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 837 (June 2016): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.837.16.

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The first case study used in this work is an existing seven-storey unreinforced masonry building (representing a typical residential building located in the district of L ́Example in Barcelona). The accuracy of the non-linear static procedures was evaluated by comparison with non-linear dynamic analyses for seven ground motion records and different levels of seismic intensity. The results obtained from the analyses showed good performance of the static pushover methods on the analysed building. The second case study used in this work is a two-storey unreinforced masonry building which was tested at ELSA in Ispra, Italy. First a modal response spectrum analysis was carried out. Subsequently, non-linear static analysis was performed using two different computer programmes. The results of the present work were compared with experimental results.

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47

He, Peng, Bin Wu, Lijuan Hao, Guangyao Sun, Bin Li, and Ulrich Fischer. "PERFORMANCE STUDY OF GLOBAL WEIGHT WINDOW GENERATOR BASED ON PARTICLE DENSITY UNIFORMITY." EPJ Web of Conferences 247 (2021): 18005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202124718005.

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The variance reduction techniques are necessary for Monte Carlo calculations in which obtaining a detailed calculation result for a large and complex model is required. The GVR method named as global weight window generator (GWWG) was proposed by the FDS team. In this paper, two typical calculation examples, ISPRA-Fe benchmark in SINBAD (Shielding Integral Benchmark Archive Database) and TF Coils (Toroidal Field coils) of European HCPB DEMO (Helium Cooled Pebble Bed demonstration fusion plant), are used to study the performance of GWWG method. It can be seen from the calculation results that the GWWG method has a significant effect in accelerating the Monte Carlo calculation. Especially when the global convergence calculation results are needed, the acceleration effect (FOMG) can reach 105 or more. It proves that the GWWG method is an effective tool for deep-penetration simulations using Monte Carlo method.

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48

Diab, J., T. Streibel, F. Cavalli, S. C. Lee, H. Saathoff, A. Mamakos, J. C. Chow, et al. "Hyphenation of a EC / OC thermal–optical carbon analyzer to photo-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: an off-line aerosol mass spectrometric approach for characterization of primary and secondary particulate matter." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 8, no. 8 (August 18, 2015): 3337–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-3337-2015.

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Abstract. Source apportionment and characterization of primary and secondary aerosols remains a challenging research field. In particular, the organic composition of primary particles and the formation mechanism of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) warrant further investigations. Progress in this field is strongly connected to the development of novel analytical techniques. In this study an off-line aerosol mass spectrometric technique based on filter samples, a hyphenated thermal–optical analyzer photo-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PI-TOFMS) system, was developed. The approach extends the capability of the widely used particulate matter (PM) carbon analysis (for elemental / organic carbon, EC / OC) by enabling the investigation of evolved gaseous species with soft and selective (resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization, REMPI) and non-selective photo-ionization (single-photon ionization, SPI) techniques. SPI was tuned to be medium soft to achieve comparability with results obtained by the electron ionization aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Different PM samples including wood combustion emission samples, smog chamber samples from the reaction of ozone with different SOA precursors, and ambient samples taken at Ispra, Italy, in winter as well as in summer were tested. The EC / OC–PI-TOFMS technique increases the understanding of the processes during thermal–optical analysis and identifies marker substances for the source apportionment. Composition of oligomeric or polymeric species present in PM can be investigated by the analysis of the thermal breakdown products. In the case of wood combustion, in addition to the well-known markers at m/z ratios of 60 and 73, two new characteristic masses (m/z 70 and 98) have been revealed as potentially linked to biomass burning. All four masses were also the dominant signals in an ambient sample taken in winter time in Ispra, Italy, confirming the finding that wood burning for residential heating is a major source of PM in winter at this location. The summer sample from the same location showed no influence of wood burning, but seems to be dominated by SOAs, which was confirmed from the comparison with chamber experiment samples. The experiments conducted with terpenes as precursors showed characteristic masses at m/z 58 and 82, which were not observable in any other emission samples and could serve as a marker for SOA from terpenes.

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49

Diab, J., T. Streibel, F. Cavalli, S. C. Lee, H. Saathoff, T. Mamakos, J. C. Chow, et al. "Hyphenation of a EC / OC thermal-optical carbon analyzer to photo ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry: a new off-line aerosol mass spectrometric approach for characterization of primary and secondary particulate matter." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 8, no. 1 (January 8, 2015): 269–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-8-269-2015.

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Abstract. Source apportionment and exposure of primary and secondary aerosols remains a challenging research field. In particular, the organic composition of primary particles and the formation mechanism of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) warrant further investigations. Progress in this field is strongly connected to the development of novel analytical techniques. In this study an off-line aerosol mass spectrometric technique based on filter samples, a hyphenated thermal/optical analyzer-photo ionization time of flight mass spectrometer (PI-TOFMS) system, was developed. The approach extends the capability of the widely used PM carbon analysis (for elemental/organic carbon (EC / OC)) by enabling the investigation of evolved gaseous species with soft and selective (resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization, REMPI) and non-selective photo ionization (single photon ionization, SPI) techniques. SPI was tuned to be medium soft to achieve comparability with results obtained by electron ionization (EI) aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS). Different PM samples including wood combustion emission samples, smog chamber samples from the reaction of ozone with different SOA precursors, and ambient samples taken at Ispra, Italy in winter as well as in summer were tested. The EC / OC-PI-TOFMS technique increases the understanding of the processes during the thermal/optical analysis and identifies marker substances for the source apportionment. Composition of oligomeric or polymeric species present in PM can be investigated by the analysis of the thermally breakdown products. In case of wood combustion, in addition to the well-known markers at m/z ratios of 60 and 73, two new characteristic masses (m/z 70 and 98) have been revealed as potentially linked to biomass burning. All four masses were also the dominant signals in an ambient sample taken in winter time in Ispra, Italy, confirming the finding that wood burning for residential heating is a major source for particulate matter (PM) in winter at this location. The summer sample from the same location showed no influence of wood burning, but seems to be dominated by SOA, which was confirmed from the comparison with chamber experiment samples. The experiments conducted with terpenes as precursors showed characteristic masses at m/z 58 and 82, which were not observable in any other emission samples and could serve as marker for SOA from terpenes.

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50

Caridi, Francesco, Domenico Pappaterra, Giovanna Belmusto, and Maurizio D'Agostino. "Radioactivity Measurements in Water: An Overview of the Actual Technologies." Current Nutrition & Food Science 17, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): 548–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401317666210122091439.

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Among the most significant matrices in the field of environmental radioactivity, water is certainly included, being subject to monitoring and controls to safeguard the environment from possible anthropogenic contamination. The presence of radionuclides in water also constitutes a health risk to human, because its consumption increases the likelihood of incurring cancer. In authors’ laboratory, different experimental techniques were employed to measure radioactivity content of surface and drinking water, according to the Italian Legislation and to the Italian Institute for the Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA) guidelines. Gamma spectrometry was employed to quantify the specific activity of gamma-emitters anthropogenic contaminants and natural radionuclides; liquid scintillation counting (LSC), to measure the activity concentration of tritium, radon and gross alpha and beta; total alpha/beta counting, with the thick source method, to detect about gross alpha and beta specific activity; emanometry, to estimate gas radon activity concentration.

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