Дисертації з теми "Ispra"

Questa ricerca si propone di analizzare in prospettiva storica la cooperazione scientifica come fattore di integrazione dell’Europa. Si focalizza sulla storia della Comunità Europea dell’Energia Atomica nella seconda metà degli anni Sessanta, con particolare attenzione alla crisi che ha investito le attività avviate nel Centro Comune delle Ricerche (CCR) di Ispra, in Italia. Nonostante l’immobilismo cui furono costrette le attività di ricerca, la crisi fu un momento cruciale per lo sviluppo delle politiche europee della ricerca, non solo perché i primi passi in questo ambito risalgono a quegli stessi anni, ma anche perché in molti casi furono strettamente connessi a ciò che stava accadendo all’interno di Euratom. Da allora Euratom fu progressivamente considerata parte di un più ampio progetto di europeizzazione di scienza e tecnologia. E in questo senso agì anche la necessità di ridefinire il ruolo del CCR per modellarlo su una nuova situazione politica internazionale dove, a un decennio dalla sua creazione, aveva perso gran parte della sua potenziale competitività. In quest’ottica la crisi si configura come un momento di complessa elaborazione teorica e sintesi tra visioni contrastanti sul modello di governance della scienza. L’analisi degli avvenimenti segue tre prospettive di indagine, guardando alla circolazione delle idee e alle relazioni tra persone. La prima va in profondità sul pensiero e l’azione dei protagonisti delle vicende, politici e scienziati: da un lato, guarda all’attività svolta dai primi due commissari europei delegati a scienza e tecnologia, Fritz Hellwig e Altiero Spinelli, prendendo in analisi le proposte scientifiche che la Commissione a più riprese mise a punto per risolvere la crisi, comprese quelle scartate, con lo scopo di vedere chi fu coinvolto nel processo decisionale, oltreché le strategie e finalità che hanno orientato le decisioni; d’altro lato, vengono analizzate le proposte e le rivendicazioni provenienti dalla comunità scientifica, con attenzione alla dimensione sociale della scienza, al ruolo degli scienziati, al rapporto tra scienziati e politici e al dibattito pubblico sulla stampa. La seconda prospettiva di ricerca privilegia la dimensione italiana. La crisi di Euratom, infatti, colpì soprattutto il principale centro del CCR, ossia lo stabilimento italiano di Ispra. Al centro delle vicende ricostruite ci fu un continuo rimbalzo tra la dimensione europea e quella italiana perciò per restituire questa duplice dimensione, nazionale e sovranazionale, è bene considerare il CCR di Ispra come parte di entrambi i contesti geopolitici. Infine, come terza prospettiva, questo studio si interroga sulla valenza politica intrinseca alla tecnologia, considerando la scienza non solo come strumento di cooperazione, ma anche come fattore di tensione nelle relazioni transnazionali. La ricerca si fonda su un’estesa analisi di fonti documentarie conservate in archivi italiani ed europei di istituzioni e personalità o edite. Una prima tipologia riguarda quelle prodotte dalle istituzioni europee e dagli enti nazionali, come verbali, atti preparatori e documenti di policy; altre fonti riguardano le carte provenienti dagli archivi privati dei politici e degli scienziati, soprattutto italiani, oltre alle testimonianze da essi lasciate come scritti e diari, oltre alla ricca collezione di fonti di storia orale conservata negli Archivi Storici dell’Unione Europea; infine, per ricostruire il contesto culturale e intellettuale in cui avveniva la discussione sulla scienza, la ricerca analizza il dibattito pubblico svoltosi sulla stampa italiana ed europea, utilizzando fonti di tipo giornalistico reperite sia negli archivi sopra menzionati, sia negli archivi storici di quotidiani e riviste specialistiche nazionali e internazionali.

Il presente elaborato di tesi si pone come obiettivo quello di valutare il rischio per l’ambiente causato dal rilascio accidentale di idrocarburi liquidi; in particolare è stato preso a riferimento un deposito reale contenente tali sostanze e si è valutato il rischio ambientale da esso generato nelle matrici del suolo e sottosuolo e delle acque superficiali. Per far ciò sono stati applicati il metodo speditivo descritto nel Rapporto 57/2005 (Rapporto APAT) elaborato dal Gruppo misto APAT/ARPA/CNVVF, che ha provveduto all'individuazione di una metodologia speditiva per la valutazione del rischio per l’ambiente da incidenti rilevanti in depositi di idrocarburi liquidi con riferimento a suolo e sottosuolo, e il metodo speditivo per le acque superficiali descritto nel Rapporto ISPRA 92/2013, che riporta criteri e indirizzi tecnico-operativi per la valutazione delle analisi degli incidenti rilevanti con conseguenze per l’ambiente. Il Rapporto APAT propone una metodologia speditiva ad indici; per la sua applicazione è necessario calcolare 2 indici: l’Indice di Propensione al Rilascio, che si ottiene dalla conoscenza delle caratteristiche impiantistiche del deposito preso in esame e l’Indice di Propensione alla Propagazione, che si ottiene dalla conoscenza delle caratteristiche idrogeologiche del sito su cui insiste il deposito. Il Rapporto ISPRA presenta invece diverse metodologie per la valutazione del rischio ambientale maturate in ambito europeo e propone un nuovo metodo a indici per la valutazione del rischio ambientale per le acque superficiali. Per l’applicazione di tale metodo a indici si è calcolato dapprima l’Indice di Propensione al Rilascio, così come richiesto anche nel metodo speditivo per suolo e sottosuolo e si è successivamente classificato il corpo idrico su cui insiste il deposito. Attraverso l’applicazione dei 2 metodi è stato dunque possibile valutare il livello di criticità ambientale del deposito, determinando la necessità di procedere con una metodologia semplificata o una metodologia avanzata per la stima del rischio di contaminazione ambientale.

Using primary material, much of which has been overlooked up to now, this thesis argues that the Iskra newspaper and its organisational appendages were conceived by Lenin and his closest collaborators in a pragmatic attempt to strike a balance between the theoretically authoritative and revolutionary, yet inactive Osvobozhdenie Truda and the more active, but reformist and theoretically unclear Rabochee Delo grouping. As such, Iskra does not appear to have been the product of a detailed plan conceived in Siberian exile, as is often thought. Nor did it represent the extreme left wing of the Russian social-democratic movement of the time, a place occupied by Osvobozhdenie Truda. Iskra and its supporting organisations formed a faction of a broader party, the RSDLP, whose institutions it aimed to rebuild and to which it aimed to give ideological leadership broadly in sympathy with the basic views of Plekhanov, though differing with him in terms of tactics. Starting from a position of weakness both in the emigration and inside Russia, Lenin at first sought an alliance with the 'Economists' of Rabochee Delo rather than a policy of open factional struggle, which was at this stage (1900-01) advocated by Plekhanov. Only when serious vacillations in the Rabochee Delo line started to emerge in the spring of 1901 did Lenin break with this tactic, in despair of any useful co-operation with the politically unstable followers of the economist journal. From the end of 1901an open struggle for the support of the RSDLP local committees inside Russia began, in which the Economists were unable to martial support, whilst Iskra, owing to its network of full-time 'agents' and their assistance, eventually won a dominant position. On this basis, plans were laid for a Second Congress of the RSDLP that reveal a distinctly democratic and pluralist conception of party organisation on the part of Lenin, A conception which does not square with his dictatorial reputation. Accordingly, this thesis argues that the Second Congress was a credible, if not perfect representation of rank and file opinion within the RSDLP at the time and that the split within the Iskra faction that took place at this meeting owes more to pre-existing tensions with the Russian Iskra organisation rather than any unreasonable behaviour on the part of Lenin. Specifically, individual agents showed signs of weariness in relation to Lenin‘s policy of factional struggle prior to the Second Congress. For this reason they sought, but failed to find compromise at the congress with the Bund and the economists, and as such provoked a split with the supporters of Lenin within Iskra. As such, it was actually an inopportune search for compromise which appears to have provoked the split within Iskra, rather than dictatorial or intolerant practices on the part of Lenin. The supporters of Martov assumed that the Bund and the supporters of economism could be appeased, but this was not in fact the case.

The work presented herein details post-translational modifications (PTMs) in Staphylococcus aureus that are involved in mediating the stress response and normal cellular processes. The first PTM that was investigated is regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP) for the activation of the ECF sigma factor σS. We achieved this by analyzing the role of the site-1 protease, which we termed “putative regulator of sigmaS” (PrsS), as it is predicted to be the first enzyme in the RIP cascade, leading to the activation of σS. It was determined that the putative site-1 protease, prsS, mimics transcriptional profiles of sigS; with expression low in all strains examined other than in the highly mutagenic strain RN4220. Moreover, up-regulation of the protease was observed in response to cell wall-targeting antibiotics, DNA-damaging agents, and during infection in human serum and RAW 264.7 cells, similar to that previously demonstrated for sigS. It was further determined that prsS mutants, like sigS mutants, are more sensitive to cell wall-targeting antibiotics and DNA-damaging agents, which is explained, in part, by alterations in altered abundance of proteins in the prsS mutant that mediate antibiotic resistance (Pbp2a, FemB, and HmrA) and the response to DNA damage (BmrA, Hpt, and Tag). Importantly, transcriptional analyses of proteins affected in the protease mutant, revealed that their expression is decreased in both prsS and sigS mutants, suggesting that this is a result of sigS-mediated regulation. Lastly, it was determined that PrsS, similar to σS, is required for infection in whole human blood and murine models of virulence. Next, since the abundance of a stress response protease, HtrA1, was altered in prsS mutants, we aimed to assess the roles of this enzyme, and its homolog HtrA2 in S. aureus. Interestingly, we first determined that unlike that previously described for the HtrA enzymes, these proteases do not have a role in Agr-mediated virulence regulation. We attribute this finding to unintended mutations likely introduced during strain construction, which is common for S. aureus strains. We next used transcription profiling of the htrA genes in order to understand their role in the cell, and found that they are moderately expressed under standard conditions, and are up-regulated in response to both in vitro and ex vivo stressors that lead to cell protein, DNA, and cell envelope damage. Further to this, the protease mutants are more sensitive to numerous conditions that affect macromolecular stability, including elevated temperature, alterations in pH, reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and antimicrobial stress. In order to further explore these sensitivities and gain insight into putative substrates, we employed a yeast-2 hybrid screen, and identified numerous proteins that interact with HtrA1 and HtrA2, including those that mediate the response to stress and normal cellular homeostasis. Taken together, we provide evidence to suggest the HtrA proteases in S. aureus are required both during standard conditions and in stress-inducing environments to mediate protein folding and proteolysis of a broad range of substrates. Finally, we performed the first examination of prenylation in a bacterial organism. Prenylation is a well-studied post-translational modification (PTM) in eukaryotes, wherein a prenyl group is added to a metabolite or the C-terminal “CAAX” motif of a protein. Interestingly, the machinery exists for this PTM in a wide variety of prokaryotic species, thus we set out to investigate its impact in S. aureus. To achieve this, we disrupted prenyl group synthesis by inactivating ispA, the gene encoding a prenyl synthetase. The abrogation of prenylation ensued in striking alterations in the cell, including lack of pigmentation and smaller colony size, similar to small-colony variants (SCVs) of S. aureus. In addition to this, the ispA mutant displayed a growth defect, as a result of lower ATP levels. Moreover, the prenylation mutant displayed alterations in resistance to antibiotics, including increased resistance to aminoglycosides and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), yet elevated sensitivity to cell wall-targeting antibiotics. These differences in susceptibility to cell envelope targeting antibiotics are a result of alterations in cell envelope architecture, including variations in fatty acid composition and increased membrane fluidity. Collectively, the pleotropic consequences of the disruption of prenylation indicate that this process is key to maintaining cellular homeostasis in S. aureus, and perhaps other bacterial species.

L'obiettivo del presente elaborato di ricerca è quello di esaminare il rapporto che intercorre tra l'arte e la moda. Il focus verterà su una breve storia della moda attraverso i secoli, dal significato di lusso fino all’industria di massa, passando per lo sviluppo del prêt-à-porter e la nascita dei grandi marchi dell'alta moda. L’approccio adottato sarà centrato nello studio dei fashion studies, la valenza sociologica che attribuiamo alla moda e il rapporto che i marchi dell'alta moda hanno con l’arte.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia Clínica, apresentada ao Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada
O presente estudo tem por objectivo examinar as atitudes face ao Date Rape, num grupo de jovens do ensino superior. A amostra é constituída por 159 alunos do ISPA (90 mulheres e 69 homens), com uma média de idades compreendida entre os 18 e os 30 anos. Para medir as atitudes foi utilizado o CDRAS traduzido para português, sendo que os resultados demonstraram que os jovens são tendencialmente menos tolerantes para com o Date Rape quando em comparação com outros estudos. No entanto, os homens são tendencialmente mais condescendentes com atitudes de tolerância para com o Date Rape, quando em comparação com as mulheres. Neste sentido, os resultados do estudo denunciam a prevalência de mitos de violação entre a comunidade mais jovem, denunciando a necessidade de criação de programas de prevenção e consciencialização para com o grave problema que representa hoje o Date Rape, entre as camadas mais jovens.
ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to explore the attitudes toward Date Rape among university students in Portugal. Participants included 159 students from ISPA (90 females, 69 males), with ages between 18 and 30 years old. To measure those attitudes we used CDRAS, which results showed that young people are less tolerant toward date rape, when comparing with the results from other studies. Even so, results show that men tend to be less rejecting of Date Rape tolerant attitudes, than female students were. Therefore, these results demonstrate that the rape myths still prevail in the younger communities, indicating the need of prevention and alert programs for younger people about this serious problem, Date Rape.

Par le biais de deux groupes de production issus de la même base, Slon (1968-1973) et Iskra qui lui succède, cette thèse interroge les modalités d'intervention politique d'une partie des acteurs du champ cinématographique français, de la fin des années 1960 à la fin des années 1980. Ce travail s'attache à la notion de collectif de cinéma militant, telle que forgée au cours de la période au prisme de la production, de la réalisation et de la circulation des œuvres issues de ce contexte. La formation du collectif militant passe d'abord par l'élaboration de modèles de productions spécifiques s'opposant au fonctionnement de l'industrie cinématographique. Difficile à accorder aux contraintes du champ, la recherche structurelle menée par les groupes formés dans l'après 1968 est constante jusqu'au début des années 1980, période à laquelle les acteurs du cinéma militant entament un mouvement inverse d'institutionnalisation. La confrontation des œuvres produites dans ce cadre, répondant aux temps forts du mouvement social, avec les pratiques revendiquées montre la diversité des voies d'engagement en cinéma ainsi que la difficulté de mettre en pratique l'idéal collectif. Certains films révèlent aussi une disproportion entre les ambitions des structures de production et leurs capacités d’action. La manière dont Slon et Iskra organisent la diffusion d'un catalogue constitué de nombreux films réalisés dans d'autres cadres fait émerger des pratiques qui n'ont pas été prévues dans leurs tâches originelles. Mobilisant de nouveaux acteurs au sein du groupe comme à l'extérieur, la distribution impacte fortement le fonctionnement du collectif. C'est finalement au moyen de cette activité que les membres d'Iskra parviennent à adapter la structure aux mutations du paysage audiovisuel français jusque dans les années 1980
This thesis questions the modalities of political intervention among protagonists of the French cinematographic field from the late '60s until the late '80s, through the study of the two production groups derived from one and the same basis, Slon ( 1969-1973), followed by Iskra. This work concentrates on the concept of collective activist cinema, faithful to its definition forged during the given timespan, through the prism of production, of the execution and circulation of works produced in this context. The development of the activist collective firstly goes through the elaboration of specific production patterns in opposition with the functioning of the film industry. Difficult to reconcile with the inherent constraints of the film industry, the structural research led by groups fonned after 1968 is a constant until the early '80s, when cinema activists initiate a reverse movement, towards institutionalization. The confrontation between the movies accomplished in this background in response to the key moments of the social movement and according to the claimed policies, shows both the diversity of ways in the commitment through cinema and the difficulty in turning the collective ideal into hard facts. Some of the works studied also reveal the discrepancy between the ambitions of their production structures and their actual capacity for action. The way Slon and Iska organize the distribution of their catalogue made up of numerous products realized in contexts other than the initial, gives rise to new schemes which were not anticipated among their original tasks. Mobilizing new human resources from both inside and outside the group, the distribution had a huge impact on the manner the collective functioned as a whole. It is by the means of this very activity that the members of Iskra finally adapt their structure to the shifts occurred in the broadcasting field ail along through the '80s

Posle kapitulacije Italije organi vlastiNOP-a na području Istre i Slovenačkogprimorja donose odluke o prisajedinjenju tihpodručja Hrvatskoj, odnosno Sloveniji. Njihoveodluke 30. novembra sankcionisane su naDrugom zasedanju Avnoja u Jajcu. Tim aktimasocijalistička Jugoslavija započinje borbu zadefinisanje severozapadnih granica države.Temelj za revandikacije postavljen je četvrtveka ranija tokom stvaranja zajednice JužnihSlovena u mirovnom procesu posle Prvogsvetskog rata. Kako sa aspekta Jugoslavije topitanje nije u tom periodu rešeno nazadovaljavajući način, definisanjejugoslovenskih granica posle Drugog svetskograta moglo bi se smatrati za nasleđen problem..Smernice za postavljanje teritorijalnihzahteva prema severnim susedima definisane sutokom mirovnog procesa u Versaju, ali i krozproglase KPJ u međuratnom periodu orešavanju nacionalnog pitanja u Jugoslaviji iokruženju. Institucionalno NOP, kasnije FNRJovo pitanje definišu kroz delatnost slovenačkogZnanstvenog instituta, Jadranskog instituta uSušaku i kroz rad federalne Komisije zarazgraničenje i njenih republičkih komisija. Naterenu ovo pitanje pokušava da se reši kroznametanje oružanom silom. Posle neuspehapolitike svršenog čina započinje dugotrajnapolitička i diplomatska borba koja povremenopreti oružanom eskalacijom. Diplomatska borbase vodi u složenim uslovima ideološkekonfrontacije Jugoslavije, prvo sa Zapadom, aposle 1948. i sa Istokom. Ovaj proces seokončava tek 1954.(sa Italijom) i 1955. godine(sa Austrijom) posle više rundi bilateralnih imultilaterelanih pregovora Jugoslavije, susednihdržava i velikih sila. Diplomatska inicijativaprema Mađarskoj okončana je u toku trajanjaPariske mirovne konferencije (1946), bezteritorijalnih izmena.Moglo bi se reći daje ovaj proceszavršen relativnim uspehom Jugoslavije, iako suglavni zahtevi jugoslovenske strane u pogleduItalije odbijeni delimično, a u pogledu Austrijeu potpunosti. Finalizacija graničnog pitanja bilaje uvod u zauzimanje specifične pozicijeJugoslavije na međunarodnoj političkoj sceni,odnosno u kreiranju Pokreta nesvrstanihzemalja.
After the Italian surrender, local authoritiesof Yugoslav National Liberation Movementmade decisions about the incorporation of Istriaand Slovene Littoral into Croatia and Slovenia.Their decisions were sanctioned on the SecondSession of AVNOJ on November 30, 1943.These acts marked the beginning of the fight ofsocialist Yugoslavia for defining itsnorthwestern borders. The basis for borderrevendication was set a quarter century earlier,during the creation of the South Slavic union inthe peace process after WWI. Because that issuewas not resolved satisfactorily for Yugoslaviaover that period, the definition of the post-WWII Yugoslav borders could be regarded asan inherited problem.Guidelines for setting up territorial claimsto northern neighboring countries were definedduring the peace process in Versailles, and alsothrough proclamations of the Communist Partyof Yugoslavia (CPY) in the interwar perioddealing with the solution to the nationalquestion in Yugoslavia and the neighboringcountries. The National Liberation Movement(NLM), and later the Federal People’s Republicof Yugoslavia (FPRY), defined this probleminstitutionally through the activities of theslovenian Scientific Institute (Znanstveni inštitut), Adriatic Institute in Sušak (Jadranskiinstitut), as well as through the work of theFederal Delimitation Commission and itscommissions in the member republics of thefederation. In the field, Yugoslavia tried toimpose the solution for this problem by force ofarms. After the failure of the fait accomplipolicy, a long-term political and diplomaticstruggle began, occasionally threatening toescalate to an armed conflict. Diplomaticstruggle was conducted in a complex situationof ideological confrontations of Yugoslavia,first with the West, and then with the East after1948. This process ended only in 1954 (withItaly) and in 1955 (with Austria), after multiplebilateral and multilateral negotiations betweenYugoslavia, its neighbors and the Great Powers.Diplomatic initiative towards Hungary wasconcluded during the Paris Peace Conference(1946) without territorial changes.Although main Yugoslav claims wererejected partially (to Italy) or totally (toAustria), it can be concluded that this processwas completed relatively successfully forYugoslavia. The finalization of the borderdispute was a prelude to a specific positioningof Yugoslavia on the global diplomatic scene,and to the creation of the Non-AlliedMovement.

Ruttningen av trafik i IP-nätverk sker ofta med hjälp av bågvikter som bestämmer vilken väg trafiken tar (kortastevägruttning). Problemet här är att avgöra ifall det existerar en uppsättning vikter givet ett önskat ruttningsschema. Den hör rapporten undersöker prestandan hos ett antal modeller och optimeringsprogram avsedda att lösa denna typ av problem som ofta kallas inversa kortastevägruttningsproblemet. Undersökningen visar att det existerar en stor skillnad mellan modellerna och optimeringsprogrammen och att modellen baserad på cykelbaser löst med CPLEXdualopt lösaren är snabbast.
The routing of traffic in IP networks is often done with a set of weights that determinewhich way the traffic will go (shortest path routing). The problem here is todetermine if there exists a set of weights for a desired routing pattern. This thesis willinvestigate the performance of a number of different models and solvers for solvingthis type of problem which is usually called the inverse shortest path routing (ISPR)problem. The models tested are the same as described in [1]. The different solversused are mainly the linear CPLEX solvers but also a few multi commodity networksolvers. The tests showed that there is a big performance difference between the models andsolvers and that the cycle bases model solved with the CPLEX dualopt solver wasthe fastest overall.

This paper describes a methodology to assess the energy performance of residential buildings starting from the semantic 3D city model of Vienna. Space heating, domestic hot water and electricity demand are taken into account. The paper deals with aspects related to urban data modelling, with particular attention to the energy-related topics, and with issues related to interactive data exploration/visualisation and management from a plugin-free web-browser, e.g. based on Cesium, a WebGL virtual globe and map engine. While providing references to existing previous works, only some general and introductory information is given about the data collection, harmonisation and integration process necessary to create the CityGML-based 3D city model, which serves as the central information hub for the different applications developed and described more in detail in this paper. The work aims, among the rest, at developing urban decision making and operational optimisation software tools to minimise non-renewable energy use in cities. The results obtained so far, as well as some comments about their quality and limitations, are presented, together with the discussion regarding the next steps and some planned improvements.

Within telecommunication and routing of traffic in IP-networks a protocol named“Open Shortest Path First” (OSPF) is widely used. This means that a server dealswith the routing over a network with given weights by calculating shortest paths touse for routing. If we assume that a desired traffic pattern is given the problem isto find out if it is possible to set the weights so that the desired traffic pattern is apart of a shortest path graph. In this thesis we assume that it is a unique shortestpath. To search for weights that solve the problem leads to a complex LP-model. Analternative is to search in the LP-dual under certain restrictions. These solutions tothe LP-dual are called conflicts and a conflict means that there exists no weights sothat the desired traffic pattern is obtained. The goal of this thesis is to study, classifyand search for conflicts. An algorithm has been developed that finds some kind ofconflicts in polynomial time with respect to the size of the graph.

Inom telekommunikation och ruttning av datatrafik i IP-nätverk så används oftaett protokoll som kallas “Open Shortest Path First” (OSPF). Det innebär att enserver sköter ruttningen över ett nätverk genom att utifrån givna bågkostnaderberäkna billigaste vägar som används för ruttningen. Frågeställningen utgårfrån att vi har ett önskat ruttningsschema och vi vill ta reda på om det gåratt sätta bågkostnader så att det önskade ruttningsschemat ingår i en billigasteväg-graf. I det här examensarbetet splittas inte trafik utan varje billigaste vägär unik mellan två noder. Att söka efter bågkostnader som löser problemet geren krävande LP-modell och ett alternativ är att utgå från LP-dualen undervissa restriktioner. Dessa lösningar till LP-dualen benämns konflikter och enkonflikt motsvarar att det inte finns några bågkostnader så att det önskaderuttningsschemat fås. Målet med examensarbetet är att studera, klassificeraoch söka efter konflikter. En algoritm har tagits fram som hittar vissa typer avsådana konflikter i polynomiell tid, sett till storleken på grafen.

Based on the need to promote actions to fight poverty and inequalities in Brazilian countryside, the State, based on public policies of territorial approach, has been promoting actions to sustain family agriculture and to boost rural areas, so that civil society and public authority assume an active role in this process. The rural territorial development policy emerged in Brazil from the Rural Territories programme in 2003, being implemented in several Brazilian territories, as in the case of the Citizenship Territory of Bacia Leiteira (CTBL) in the state of Alagoas. The territory consists of 11 municipalities, which will be analyzed in the present work from the perspective of territorial development and analysis of PROINF, which is created with the objective of promoting resources for sustainable rural development projects within the territorial approach. Analyzing the economic dynamism of PROINF in the Territory of Bacia Leiteira in a spatial perspective and the importance of social management: implications, advances and contradictions in the Territorial Development policy, constitute the general objective of the research. In order to create the research are used the territorial category and the concepts of rural development, territorial development, social management and Infrastructure and Services Project in Rural Territories (ISPRT). Being used an empircal analytical methods, quantitative and qualitative, which analyse the general aspects and reflect the information of reality, in this regard, were carried out the following methodological procedures: survey review bibliography, search and analysis of secondary data, semi-open interviews with social actors from the Collegiate and field work analyse, by sample, projects of the Infrastructure and Services Project in Rural Territories (ISPRT) from 2003 to 2014. Due to the conjuncture established by the rural territorial development policy, arises the necessity to make more expressive study of the territory of Bacia Leiteira as a case study, knowing that one of the objectives of the Citizenship Territories is to integrate the spaces into a common ideal, in the search for rural development in the municipalities, among them the Infrastructure and Services Project in Rural Territories (ISPRT) and its socio-spatial unfolding. In short, the territorial policy has been allowing the strengthening and inclusion of several social segments that have marginalized. In the Citizenship Territory of Bacia Leiteira (CTBL), the (ISPRT) has brought positive results and is well evaluated by the social actors of the territory and even with logistic problems have managed to make a good articulation with the territorial policy. As regards to social management, it is still necessary that social subjects understand their importance and perform it.
A partir da necessidade de promover ações de combate à pobreza e desigualdades no meio rural brasileiro, o Estado, a partir de políticas públicas de abordagem territorial, vem promovendo ações de fortalecimento da agricultura familiar e de dinamização das áreas rurais, de maneira que a sociedade civil e poder público assume papel ativo nesse processo. A política de desenvolvimento territorial rural, surge no Brasil a partir do programa Territórios Rurais no ano de 2003, sendo implementada em diversos territórios brasileiros, a exemplo do caso do Território da Cidadania da Bacia Leiteira (TCBL) no estado de Alagoas. O território é composto por 11 municípios, que será analisado no presente trabalho a partir da perspectiva do desenvolvimento territorial e da análise do PROINF, que é criado com o objetivo de fomentar recursos para projetos de desenvolvimento rural sustentável dentro da abordagem territorial. Analisar a dinamização econômica do PROINF no Território da Bacia Leiteira em uma perspectiva espacial e a importância da gestão social: implicações, avanços e contradições na política de Desenvolvimento Territorial, constitui o objetivo geral da pesquisa. Para alicerçar a pesquisa é utilizado a categoria território e os conceitos de desenvolvimento rural, desenvolvimento territorial, gestão social e Projeto de Infraestrutura e Serviços em Territórios Rurais (PROINF). Trazendo um método empírico-análitico de forma quantitativa e qualitativa, que analisa os aspectos gerais e reflete as informações da realidade, para isso, foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: levantamento e revisão bibliográfica, busca e análise de dados secundários, realização de entrevistas semiabertas com atores sociais do Colegiado e trabalho de campo analisando, por amostra, projetos do PROINF de 2003 a 2014. Decorrente da conjuntura instaurada a partir da política de desenvolvimento territorial rural, surge a necessidade de se fazer um estudo mais expressivo da questão do território da Bacia Leiteira como estudo de caso, sabendo-se que um dos objetivos dos Territórios da Cidadania é integrar os espaços em um ideal em comum, na busca por desenvolvimento rural nos municípios, entre eles destaca-se os PROINF e seus desdobramentos sócio-espaciais. Em suma, a política territorial tem permitido o fortalecimento e inclusão de diversos segmentos sociais que viviam marginalizados. No TCBL, os PROINFs tem trazido resultados positivos e são bem avaliados pelos atores sociais do território e mesmo com problemas de logística tem conseguido realizar uma boa articulação com a política territorial. No que diz respeito a gestão social ainda é necessário que os sujeitos sociais compreendem sua importância e a exerçam.
São Cristóvão, SE

O maior risco que os jovens correm quando começam a fumar é o de ficar dependentes do tabaco, muitas vezes para a vida inteira, expondo-se a um risco imediato e futuro de contrair doenças graves. Tem-se verificado, nos últimos anos, um aumento da prevalência do consumo de tabaco nos jovens de ambos os sexos, particularmente nas raparigas. O presente estudo investiga as atitudes e crenças dos alunos do ISPA face aos hábitos tabágicos. Para tal, foi administrado um questionário a uma amostra de 163 alunos, dos quais 30 (18,4%) eram rapazes e 133 (81,6%) raparigas. A média de idades é de 24 anos. O modelo implícito no Questionário é o Modelo da Acção Reflectida de Fishbein e Ajzen (1975), mas porque factores externos podem também, por intermédio de atitudes específicas e componentes normativas afectar a intenção comportamental, adicionou-se um conjunto de variáveis. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os alunos fumadores do ISPA participantes neste estudo são na sua maioria fumadores regulares (52,2%) e fumam em média entre 11 a 20 cigarros por dia. Em média iniciaram o seu consumo pelos 16 anos devido a vários factores: curiosidade, influência dos amigos e integração no grupo de pares foram as principais razões de iniciação ao consumo do tabaco. Cerca de 53,9% dos alunos pretende continuar a fumar no futuro e esta intenção é tanto mais forte quanto maior o numero de cigarros fumados. Os alunos fumadores parecem reduzir as expectativas de contrair uma doença grave resultante do consumo do tabaco manifestando desta forma um efeito de dissonância cognitiva. Urge por isso a necessidade de se tomar medidas de prevenção secundária nesta instituição de forma a contribuir para uma melhoria significativa da qualidade de vida e saúde pública dos frequentadores desta instituição.
ABSTRACT: The biggest risk that youngsters face when they start smoking is to become addicted, often for their whole life, exposing themselves to an immediate and future risks of contracting serious diseases. There has been, in past few years, a significant raise in the use of tobacco in young people of both sexes, particularly in girls. This project has the purpose to investigate the attitudes and beliefs of a group of students, concerning smoking habits. An adapted questionnaire was applied to a sample of 163 students of whom 30 (18,4%) were boys and 133 (81,6%) girls. The average ages is 24 years old. The theory implied in this questionnaire is the theory of Reasoned Action (Fishbein & Ajzen 1975), but due to the fact that some external factors can also, affect the behavioral intention of the subjects, mediated by specific attitudes or normative components, a set of new variables was added to this study. The results allow to conclude that most of the studied sample (52,2%), are regular smokers smoking 11 to 20 cigars for day and began smoking at around 16 years old due to factors as: Curiosity, influence of their friends and being accepted by their equals. About of 53,9% students intend to keep smoking in the future and this increases proportionally to the number of cigarettes that are smoked. The inquired pupils seem to lower their expectations about getting a serious disease from the addiction to tobacco sharing an effect of Cognitive Dissonance. It is necessary and urgent to take some measures of prevention in this institution so to contribute to a significant improvement in the life quality and the health of the students.

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
O presente estudo teve como principal objectivo avaliar o papel mediador do Flow na relação entre a cooperação e o bem-estar no trabalho. Para tal utilizou-se uma amostra de 101 trabalhadores de diversos sectores de actividade . Os resultados não corroboram á hipotese de existir uma relação positiva entre a teoria da Cooperação no trabalho e do Bem-estar no trabalho, pois não se encontraram relações significativas entre o bem-estar no trabalho e a cooperação. Na segunda hipótese do estudo onde se afirma que existe uma relação positiva entre a teoria do Flow no trabalho e do Bem-estar no trabalho, esta também não foi corroborada, pois não se encontraram relações significativas entre o bem-estar no trabalho e a teoria do flow, ao nível estatístico podendo-se desta forma aferir que a teoria do flow não contribui para o aumento do bem-estar do colaborador. A unica hipotese corroborada, foi se o Flow no trabalho funcionaria como efeito mediador na relação entre a Cooperação, pois encontram-se estatisticamente correlacionadas de uma forma positiva, podendo-se desta forma aferir que a teoria do flow contribui para o aumento da cooperação do colaborador.
ABSTRACT: This study's main objective was to evaluate the Flow's mediating role in the relationship between cooperation and well-being at work. To do this we used a sample of 101 workers from various sectors. The results do not support the hypothesis that there is a positive relationship between the theory of cooperation in labor and welfare at work, because there were no significant relationship between well-being at work and cooperation. In the second study hypothesis which states that there is a positive relationship between Flow theory at work and Well-being at work, this was also not supported because there were no significant relationship between well-being at work and theory the flow at the statistical level being able in this way to gauge the flow theory does not contribute to the increase in employee well-being. The only hypothesis corroborated, was the Flow at work act as mediator effect in the relationship between cooperation, as are statistically correlated in a positive way, being able to thus measure the flow theory contributes to increasing cooperation developer

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao ISPA - Instituto Universitário
A literatura tem demonstrado que é possível transferir emoções através de contacto direto ou indireto – através de um veículo –. A este respeito, vários estudos têm-se focado na emoção nojo. No entanto, a possível transferência de sentimentos de culpa através de contacto indireto, permanece por explorar. Adicionalmente, há evidências de que comportamentos de limpeza contribuem para o alívio dos sentimentos de culpa associados a uma transgressão moral. O objetivo do presente estudo experimental (n = 94) é compreender se é possível transferir culpa e se, perante a oportunidade de limpeza do veículo de transmissão, os sentimentos de culpa podem ser atenuados. Os resultados mostram que não só é possível transferir culpa através de contacto indireto, como também se confirma o papel da limpeza como mecanismo de atenuação de culpa. Limitações e implicações são discutidas.
ABSTRACT: A solid body of research has demonstrated that it is possible to transfer emotions by both direct and indirect – through a carrier – contact. In the case of emotion transfer, a number of studies has focused on the emotion of disgust. However, the possible transfer of guilt, particularly via indirect contact, has remained unexplored. Additionally, there is evidence that cleansing behaviours contribute to the relief from guilt feelings due to one’s moral transgressions. The aim of our experimental study (n = 94) was to investigate whether it is possible transfer guilt and if given the opportunity to clean the medium of guilt transfer would attenuate the transferred guilt. Our results show that not only the emotion of guilt can be indirectly transferred across subjects but also the role of cleansing as a guilt relief mechanism. Limitations and the implications of the study are discussed.