Статті в журналах: "Isopets"

1

Boivin, Jeanne-Marie. "Prologues et épilogues des isopets." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 11 (November 15, 1998): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.11.02boi.

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Résumé Sont examines succesivement: Les isopets issus des recueils latins en prose, qui heritent du prologue du Romulus ordinaire une definition sommaire mais precise du genre: celle-ci met en avant les aspects didactique et allegorique, mais escamote le recit plaisant. Les epilogues des traductions de Vinvent de Beauvais, sur le bon usage des fables comme exempla, confirment la gene des auteurs vis a vis de la fiction au cceur de la fabula. Les Fables de Marie de France, qui se rattachent au prologue et a Pepilogue du vieux Romulus, mais devellopent des themes chers a l'auteur des Lais. La conception de l'apologue qui se degage de la preface dissocie le recit de la moralite 'u des cuntes est tut li fes' -'le poids', c'est-a-dire l'essentiel autant que l'essence. Les isopets issus des recueils latins en vers, qui elaborent, dans des textes riches et ori-ginaux, une veritable poetique. Celle-ci temoigne de la defiance du Moyen Age vis a vis des joca melees aux seria dans des ceuvres didactiques et, en depit d'un texte-source precurseur, de la difficile cohabitation du 'corps' et de i'ame' de l'apologue jusqu'au temps ou La Fontaine parviendra a les reconcilier grace a son esthetique de la 'gaiete'.

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2

Boivin, Jeanne-Marie. "La Vie d'Ésope: un prologue original du recueil de fables de Julien Macho." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 14 (December 3, 2001): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.14.06boi.

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En tête de la dernière grande collection de fables médiévales réunie par Heinrich Steinhowel et adaptée en français par Julien Macho, apparaî un texte ancien, mais nouveau en Europe, la Vita Esopi qui venait d’être traduite du grec. Sa position dans le recueil et sa dimension réflexive l’apparentent aux prologues des collections antérieures. La Vie d’Ésope entre en résonance avec la définition de l’apologue héritée du vieux Romulus par les isopets en prose et avec les questions poétiques débattues, à partir du Romulus de Nevelet, par les isopets en vers.

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3

Puttero, Giorgia. "Le loup a l’âme bonne, ou quand le lupus revêt la peau du lepus." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 21 (December 17, 2009): 144–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.21.10put.

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La fable de Phèdre Lupus et Vulpes iudice Simio (I, 10) est assez connue: le loup accuse de vol le renard, lequel, de son côté, nie tout crime. Le juge singe, qui connaît bien la mauvaise réputation des deux contendants, ne s’enquiert pas trop de savoir ce qui s’est effectivement passé et condamne les adversaires au partage du butin. François Le Moine, avocat normand du XVIIe siècle dont il nous reste un fablier manuscrit, reprend cet apologue, mais avec un changement de taille: le singe reconnaît au loup une âme bonne et il le considère incapable de mystifier la vérité. La surprise devant ces affirmations a déclenché une recherche qui nous a mené sur les traces d’un lupus qui, à un moment donné, dans la tradition des Isopets, est devenu un lepus; ce voyage à rebours permet de mieux comprendre cette sentence du juge et de formuler une hypothèse sur la diffusion des Isopets, bien plus vaste qu’on ne le croit habituellement.

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4

Boivin, Jeanne-Marie. "Des prologues des isopets à ceux des Fables de La Fontaine : l’élaboration d’une poétique." Le Fablier. Revue des Amis de Jean de La Fontaine 10, no. 1 (1998): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/lefab.1998.1008.

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5

Brun, Laurent. "Pierre Ruelle (ed.),Recueil général des Isopets, vol. 4:Les Fables d'Eude de Chériton." Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie (ZrP) 120, no. 1 (February 2004): 190–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrph.2004.190.

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6

Laneville, Charles. "Les animaux dans l’Ésope de Julien Macho." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 21 (December 17, 2009): 72–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.21.05lan.

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En 1480, Julien Macho traduit en français la version bilingue latin-allemand des fables d’Ésope faite par Heinrich Steinhöwel quelques années auparavant. L’auteur lyonnais offre ainsi au public français la compilation de fables la plus volumineuse du Moyen Âge français. Ce présent étudie un des éléments constitutifs du genre, les personnages animaliers, en comparant la typologie des animaux à l’oeuvre dans le recueil de Macho à celle des autres traductionsadaptations de la tradition ésopique française, les Isopets. Trois fables sont analysées plus précisément, qui partagent une même situation centrale, celle d’un animal qui prend l’apparence d’un autre mais finit par être démasqué. L’image de l’âne dans les fables est également placée sous un regard nouveau. On remarque alors une grande constance dans les caractéristiques animalières véhiculées à travers les recueils de fables en langue française pendant le Moyen Âge.

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7

Konstantiniuk, Peter, Iris Steinbrugger, Stephan Koter, Johanna Muehlsteiner, Andreas Wedrich, and Tina Cohnert. "Impact of internal carotid endarterectomy on visual fields: a non-randomised prospective cohort study in Austria." BMJ Open 7, no. 10 (October 16, 2017): e017027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017027.

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PurposeThe goal of this study was to determine whether internal carotid endarterectomy is associated with visual field changes.MethodsBetween March 2007 and December 2010, a cohort study involved 29 patients with stenosis of the carotid artery. All patients underwent ophthalmoscopy and kinetic visual field examination (Goldmann perimetry) preoperatively and postoperatively. Furthermore, a detailed area calculation was performed. On both the operated and the contralateral side, the areas surrounded by the different isopters (isopter areas) were determined and preoperative and postoperative values compared. The three isopters were classified from the centre to the periphery (I, II and III). Isopter area values are given as ratio compared with total perimetric circle. p Values <0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.Results1) The ophthalmologists assessmentEight of eleven patients with precarotid endarterectomy impairments experienced focal or concentric improvement. Six cases with preoperative concentric narrowing of the isopters returned to normal or improved substantially. Three out of 18 patients with normal preoperative visual field presented with deteriorations after surgery, two cases with ipsilateral and one with contralateral focal impairment. In 15 cases, there was no preoperative or postoperative abnormality.2) Area calculation (preoperative area, postoperative area, P)Ipsilateral: isopter area I (0.015, 0.018, 0.131), isopter area II (0.107, 0.120, 0.087), isopter area III (0.392, 0.425, 0.015)Contralateral: isopter area I (0.017, 0.021, 0.222), isopter area II (0.119, 0.125, 0.333), isopter area III (0.416, 0.434, 0.171)ConclusionsWe found a statistically significant extension of the ipsilateral peripheral isopter area (III). Further studies will focus on the question which subgroup is most likely to profit from internal carotid endarterectomy with respect to visual field changes.

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8

Lawson, Timothy A., and Ray Hilborn. "Equilibrium Yields and Yield Isopleths from a General Age-Structured Model of Harvested Populations." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 42, no. 11 (November 1, 1985): 1766–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f85-221.

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The equilibrium properties of an age-structured model that includes any arbitrary age-specific weights, vulnerabilities, fecundities, and natural mortality rates, combined with stock–recruitment relationships, are derived. The numbers, biomass, and catch at each age can be calculated quite simply. These relationships can be used to construct yield-isopleth diagrams, or to plot equilibrium yield and biomass against harvest intensity. We used the results to compute yield isopleths for the Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) fishery. The analysis can also include a fishing season of any specified length. Relationships are given to translate the aggregate properties of the age-structured models into several alternative surplus production models.

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9

Hansen, James A., James S. Goerss, and Charles Sampson. "GPCE-AX: An Anisotropic Extension to the Goerss Predicted Consensus Error in Tropical Cyclone Track Forecasts." Weather and Forecasting 26, no. 3 (June 1, 2011): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010waf2222410.1.

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Abstract A method to predict an anisotropic expected forecast error distribution for consensus forecasts of tropical cyclone (TC) tracks is presented. The method builds upon the Goerss predicted consensus error (GPCE), which predicts the isotropic radius of the 70% isopleth of expected TC track error. Consensus TC track forecasts are computed as the mean of a collection of TC track forecasts from different models and are basin dependent. A novel aspect of GPCE is that it uses not only the uncertainty in the collection of constituent models to predict expected error, but also other features of the predicted storm, including initial intensity, forecast intensity, and storm speed. The new method, called GPCE along–across (GPCE-AX), takes a similar approach but separates the predicted error into across-track and along-track components. GPCE-AX has been applied to consensus TC track forecasts in the Atlantic (CONU/TVCN, where CONU is consensus version U and TVCN is the track variable consensus) and in the western North Pacific (consensus version W, CONW). The results for both basins indicate that GPCE-AX either outperforms or is equal in quality to GPCE in terms of reliability (the fraction of time verification is bound by the 70% uncertainty isopleths) and sharpness (the area bound by the 70% isopleths). GPCE-AX has been implemented at both the National Hurricane Center and at the Joint Typhoon Warning Center for real-time testing and evaluation.

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10

Ryan, Phil A., and Terry R. Marshall. "A Niche Definition for Lake Trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Its Use to Identify Populations at Risk." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 51, no. 11 (November 1, 1994): 2513–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f94-250.

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Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) populations require cold water with high dissolved oxygen content for survival. We developed models that predict the availability of such habitat, using lake mean depth, which describes both the thermal regime and the initial oxygen reserves, and using a measure of primary productivity, which defines the subsequent oxygen demand of the sediments and water column. Measures of primary production include either phosphorus concentration, chlorophyll a concentration, or Secchi disk transparency. The models are presented as a series of seasonal oxygen depletion isopleths that predict the extent to which the oxygen content of thermally suitable habitat is lost during the period of thermal stratification. The presence or absence of native lake trout in lakes of northwestern Ontario superimposed on these graphs indicated that natural populations seldom occur in lakes in which the seasonal oxygen depletion exceeds 40%. This isopleth is a niche boundary in its representation of adverse temperature and oxygen conditions for lake trout. The delineation of this boundary permits the identification of lakes where lake trout populations could be seriously affected by cultural eutrophication, overfishing, or climate warming.

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11

Hibschman, Joshua, Darren Gergle, Eleanor O’Rourke, and Haoqi Zhang. "Isopleth." ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction 26, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3310274.

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12

Collet, Susan, Toru Kidokoro, Prakash Karamchandani, and Tejas Shah. "Future-Year Ozone Isopleths for South Coast, San Joaquin Valley, and Maryland." Atmosphere 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2018): 354. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9090354.

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Many areas of the United States are working toward achieving the 2015 ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) attainment level. The objective of this study was to develop future-year (2030) volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides (VOC-NOx) isopleth diagrams of the 4th highest maximum daily 8-h average ozone design value concentrations at monitors of interest in the South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB) and San Joaquin Valley (SJV) in California, and in Maryland. The simulation results showed there would be attainment of the 2015 ozone NAAQS in 2030 without further controls at the selected monitors: 27% in SoCAB, 57% in SJV, and 100% in Maryland. The SoCAB ozone isopleths developed in this study were compared with those reported in the South Coast Air Quality Management District 2016 Air Quality Management Plan. There are several differences between the two modeling studies, the results are qualitatively similar for most of the monitors in the relative amounts of additional emission reductions needed to achieve the ozone NAAQS. The results of this study provide insight into designing potential control strategies for ozone attainment in future years for areas currently in non-attainment. Additional photochemical modeling using these strategies can then provide confirmation of the effectiveness of the controls.

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13

van Gestel, Cornelis A. M., Susana Loureiro, and Promoz Zidar. "Terrestrial isopods as model organisms in soil ecotoxicology: a review." ZooKeys 801 (December 3, 2018): 127–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.21970.

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Isopods play an important role in the decomposition of leaf litter and therefore are making a significant contribution to nutrient cycling and soil ecosystem services. As a consequence, isopods are relevant models in soil ecotoxicology, both in laboratory toxicity tests and in field monitoring and bioindication studies. This paper aims at reviewing the use of isopods as test organisms in soil ecotoxicology. It provides an overview of the use of isopods in laboratory toxicity tests, with special focus on comparing different exposure methods, test durations, and ecotoxicological endpoints. A brief overview of toxicity data suggests that chemicals are more toxic to isopods when exposed through soil compared to food. The potential of isopods to be used in bioindication and biomonitoring is discussed. Based on the overview of toxicity data and test methods, recommendations are given for the use of isopods in standardized laboratory toxicity tests as well as in situ monitoring studies.

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14

Hultgren, Kristin M., and Hannah Mittelstaedt. "Color change in a marine isopod is adaptive in reducing predation." Current Zoology 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2015): 739–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/czoolo/61.4.739.

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Abstract Although background matching is a common form of camouflage across a wide diversity of animals, there has been surprisingly little experimental work testing the fitness consequences of this camouflage strategy, especially in marine ecosystems. In this study, we tested whether color camouflage enhances survival of the intertidal marine isopod Pentidotea (Idotea) wosnesenskii, quantified patterns of camouflage in different algal habitats, and examined how algal diet affected color change and growth using laboratory assays. In the field, isopods collected from two differently colored algal habitats (the brown alga Fucus distichus and the red alga Odonthalia floccosa) matched the color of their respective algal habitats, and also differed significantly in body size: smaller red isopods were found on red algae, while larger brown isopods were found on brown algae. Predation experiments demonstrated these color differences had fitness benefits: brown isopods that matched their brown algae habitats survived at higher rates than red unmatched isopods. Surprisingly, despite the propensity of isopods to match their algal habitats, algal diet had no effect on color change in color change experiments. Instead, isopods in all treatments turned browner, matching the color of the algal habitat that many isopods are found on as adults. In summary, our data supported our hypothesis that background matching serves an adaptive function in reducing predation, with important evolutionary implications for explaining the wide variation in color change mechanisms in idoteid isopods.

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15

Lisboa, Jonathas Teixeira, Erminda da Conceição Guerreiro Couto, Pollyanna Pereira Santos, Jacques Hubert Charles Delabie, and Paula Beatriz Araujo. "Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) in termite nests (Blattodea: Termitidae) in a cocoa plantation in Brazil." Biota Neotropica 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 393–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1676-06032013000300039.

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Various animals live in termite nests as secondary occupants. Among them are terrestrial isopods. We found five species of terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) in 17 of 34 termite nests of Nasutitermes in a cocoa plantation near Ilhéus, Bahia, Brazil (in 2 aging and 15 abandoned nests). The 14 active, 1 aging and 2 abandoned nests bore no isopods. The oniscideans were Atlantoscia rubromarginata, an undescribed species of Atlantoscia (Philosciidae), Pudeoniscus birabeni, P. obscurus (Pudeoniscidae) and Neotroponiscus carolii (Bathytropidae). Of the 146 individuals collected, 122 were A. rubromarginata. Due to the absence of isopods in active nests, these terrestrial isopods are considered termitariophilous.

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16

Wagler, Ron, and Amy Wagler. "A Randomized and Controlled Research Study Assessing the Emotions and Beliefs of Future Middle School Science Teachers toward Terrestrial Isopods." Insects 13, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13030233.

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Terrestrial isopods, a diverse group of small crustaceans, are a beneficial component of a healthy ecosystem. Terrestrial isopods are also excellent living animals to have in a middle school science classroom. The current study evaluated if future middle school science teachers would utilize living terrestrial isopods in their classroom, and if they would not, to what extent fear and disgust towards arthropods was a factor that influenced their decision to avoid them. Before the terrestrial isopod activities, the teachers had moderate fear and moderate disgust toward terrestrial isopods and had no desire to teacher their students about terrestrial isopods. After participating in the terrestrial isopod activities, the teachers had no fear and no disgust toward terrestrial isopods and had a strong desire to teach their students about terrestrial isopods. Based on the findings of this study, new discoveries and powerful recommendations are presented that are relevant to those that are involved in the preparation of future middle school science teachers and those that provide professional development for current middle school science teachers.

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17

Kopp, Darin A., Sonya M. Bierbower, Alexandrea D. Murphy, Kimberly Mormann, and Timothy C. Sparkes. "Parasite-related modification of mating behaviour and refuge use in the aquatic isopod Caecidotea intermedius: neurological correlates." Behaviour 153, no. 8 (2016): 947–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003379.

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The acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus dirus is a trophically transmitted parasite that infects freshwater isopods as intermediate hosts and fish as definitive hosts. Using a laboratory-based experiment, we examined if parasite infection was associated with changes in mating behaviour, refuge use and neurochemical levels of infected isopods (Caecidotea intermedius). Infected isopods were less likely to engage in mating behaviour and more likely to be located in the open than uninfected isopods. Infected isopods also contained lower levels of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) and had a greater mass of neural tissue (CNS) than uninfected isopods. We propose that the parasite-related changes in mating behaviour and refuge use may be modulated by the serotonergic and dopaminergic systems. We also suggest that the parasites could potentially be modulating these behavioural changes by exploiting the neural-immune system of the hosts through their neuroinflammatory responses.

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18

Tuf, Ivan Hadrián, and Nelly Weissová. "Bug cemetery: a case study of terrestrial isopod distribution on a brick wall in the Czech Republic." ZooKeys 1101 (May 18, 2022): 191–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1101.76132.

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Although terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) are primarily soil- and surface-dwelling invertebrates, they can also be found on tree trunks and walls. This study evaluated distribution patterns of terrestrial isopods on a brick wall during the first hours of night in autumn. Four species of terrestrial isopods were recorded with Armadillidium versicolor being the dominant one. Terrestrial isopods were distributed from ground level up to a height of 2 m, but preferred a 70–80 cm height band. The highest number of active individuals was observed 3 h after astronomical dusk. Potential predators of terrestrial isopods were abundant during the same time and at the same height.

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BENESH, D. P., T. HASU, O. SEPPÄLÄ, and E. T. VALTONEN. "Seasonal changes in host phenotype manipulation by an acanthocephalan: time to be transmitted?" Parasitology 136, no. 2 (December 18, 2008): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008005271.

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SUMMARYMany complex life cycle parasites exhibit seasonal transmission between hosts. Expression of parasite traits related to transmission, such as the manipulation of host phenotype, may peak in seasons when transmission is optimal. The acanthocephalan Acanthocephalus lucii is primarily transmitted to its fish definitive host in spring. We assessed whether the parasitic alteration of 2 traits (hiding behaviour and coloration) in the isopod intermediate host was more pronounced at this time of year. Refuge use by infected isopods was lower, relative to uninfected isopods, in spring than in summer or fall. Infected isopods had darker abdomens than uninfected isopods, but this difference did not vary between seasons. The level of host alteration was unaffected by exposing isopods to different light and temperature regimes. In a group of infected isopods kept at 4°C, refuge use decreased from November to May, indicating that reduced hiding in spring develops during winter. Keeping isopods at 16°C instead of 4°C resulted in higher mortality but not accelerated changes in host behaviour. Our results suggest that changes in host and/or parasite age, not environmental conditions, underlie the seasonal alteration of host behaviour, but further work is necessary to determine if this is an adaptive parasite strategy to be transmitted in a particular season.

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20

Ulbrich, Carlton W., and David Atlas. "Radar Measurement of Rainfall with and without Polarimetry." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 47, no. 7 (July 1, 2008): 1929–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007jamc1804.1.

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Abstract Raindrop size distributions (DSDs) for tropical convective storms are used to examine the relationships between the parameters of a gamma DSD, with special emphasis on their variation with the stage of the storm. Such a distinction has rarely been made before. Several storms from a variety of tropical locations are divided into storm stages according to the temporal dependence of their reflectivity factor Z, rainfall rate R, and median volume diameter D0. In most cases it is found that the DSD parameter D0 is approximately constant in time during the convective, or C, stage, which leads to a Z–R relation of the form Z = AR, that is, a linear relationship between Z and R. This finding implies the existence of equilibrium DSDs during the C stage. The convective stage is sometimes marked by pulsations in draft strength so that D0, R, and Z and associated values of the shape parameter μ decrease in a quasi-transition stage before increasing once more. Theoretical relations between the differential reflectivity ZDR and the ratio Z/R as functions of the DSD parameter μ are derived by assuming a gamma DSD and an accurate raindrop fall speed law. It is found that data derived from disdrometer observations lie along a μ = 5 isopleth for tropical continental C stages (Puerto Rico and Brazil) and along a μ = 12 isopleth for tropical maritime C stages [Tropical Ocean and Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE)]. Small values of μ that occur in the weak updraft intervals do not impact the rainfall measurements because they correspond to relatively small R. The latter features imply that the measurement of rainfall for the convective stages can be performed with standard polarimetry involving only two measurables rather than three, provided knowledge of μ is available a priori. A new rain parameter diagram is presented in which isopleths of the generalized number concentration and D0 are superimposed on the Z–R plot. It is proposed that it is possible to estimate D0 from climatological and observable storm structural features, which, with Z, provide estimates of R. Such an approach is necessary for use with conventional radars until polarimetric radars are more widely available.

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Alvar, Carlos, Constance Carta, and Sarah Finci. "El retrato de Esopo en los Isopetes incunables: imagen y texto." Revista de Filología Española 91, no. 2 (December 30, 2011): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/rfe.2011.v91.i2.225.

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22

Spivey, Kari L., Trevor L. Chapman, Alexandra L. Schmitz, Derek E. Bast, Amelia L. B. Smith, and Brian G. Gall. "The alarm cue obstruction hypothesis: isopods respond to alarm cues, but do not respond to dietary chemical cues from predatory bluegill." Behaviour 152, no. 2 (2015): 167–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003237.

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Predator avoidance behaviours occur when prey detect a predator but the predator has not yet detected and identified prey. These defences are critical because they prevent predation at the earliest possible stages when prey have the best chance of escape. We tested for predator avoidance behaviours in an aquatic macroinvertebrate (Caecidotea intermedius; order Isopoda) in a series of three experiments. The first experiment attempted to determine if isopods possess alarm cues by exposing them to stimuli from macerated conspecifics. We then exposed isopods to kairomones from non-predatory tadpoles (Rana catesbiana) and predatory fish (Lepomis macrochirus) that had been fed a benign diet. Finally, we exposed isopods to kairomones of predatory fish that had been fed a diet exclusively of isopods. We found that isopods did not respond to any kairomone cues or dietary cues from any potential predator, but did reduce activity in response to alarm cues. These results suggest that isopods exhibit predator avoidance responses toward chemical cues in a limited setting (they do not respond unless the information suggests an attack has occurred in the immediate past) or that bluegill have the ability to modify or mask the alarm cues from their prey.

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23

García Conde, María Isabel. "Cuesta Torre, María Luzdivina (ed.), «Esta fabla compuesta, de Isopete sacada». Estudios sobre la fábula en la literatura española del siglo XIV, Berna, Peter Lang, 2017, 172 pp. ISBN 978-3-0343-2760-2." Revista de Poética Medieval 32 (December 1, 2018): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/rpm.2018.32.0.74231.

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24

Wagler, Ron. "Effective Techniques for the Care, Reproduction & Utilization of the Terrestrial Isopod Porcellio scaber in Your Science Classroom." American Biology Teacher 82, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 266–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2020.82.4.266.

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Terrestrial isopods (often referred to as sow bugs or pill bugs) are small, land-dwelling crustaceans. Because of their gentle nature, terrestrial isopods are excellent animals to have in a science classroom. There are many fun and effective classroom activities that utilize terrestrial isopods to teach science concepts, but there are multiple barriers to acquiring the large number of terrestrial isopods needed for classroom activities. Furthermore, when terrestrial isopods are brought into the classroom, the possibility exists that they will die inhumanely because finding good information on their proper care and reproduction can be difficult. Websites, books, and magazines frequently provide contradictory, inaccurate, incomplete, overly complex, and inhumane care information. To address these issues, this article explains how to set up a simple, low-maintenance, and inexpensive classroom enclosure for the terrestrial isopod species Porcellio scaber. These techniques, which I use in my classroom, produce large numbers of healthy captive-bred P. scaber. This article also presents examples of effective, hands-on classroom activities utilizing P. scaber.

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25

Hirst, DB. "Revision of the genus Isopeda Koch (Heteropodidae : Araneae) in Australia." Invertebrate Systematics 6, no. 2 (1992): 337. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/it9920337.

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The genus Isopeda Koch is revised. Isopeda vasta (Koch), type species, is diagnosed. Four other valid species, I. leishmanni Hogg, I. montana Hogg, I. villosa Koch and I. woodwardi Hogg, are redescribed. Isopeda pengellya Hogg is synonymised with I. leishmanni. Eleven species are described as new: I. alpina, I. binnaburra, I. brachyseta, I. canberrana, I. echuca, I. girraween, I. magna, I. parnabyi, I. prolata, I. queenslandensis and I. subalpina. Four species-groups are recognised.

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26

Muji, T. F. S., J. R. Sorreta, and J. A. Ragaza. "Prevalence of Cymothoidae (Isopoda) Infestation in Bigeye Scad (Selar crumenophtalmus) from Batangas, Philippines." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 934, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/934/1/012081.

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Abstract Cymothoid isopod research is relatively scarce in the Philippines, despite the local economic significance of bigeye scad as an inexpensive source of protein and other nutrients. Isopod parasitism has also been shown to have detrimental effects on their fish hosts. The current study aimed to define the host-parasite relationship between cymothoid isopod and bigeye scad by determining cymothoid isopod prevalence, intensity, and host-parasite length correlations in bigeye scad (Selar crumenophthalmus) hosts sourced from Batangas, Philippines. Fish samples were sampled from the Tagaytay City Market in Cavite, which sources fish directly from Batangas. Fish samples were immediately measured and inspected for isopods in the branchial and buccal cavities. Isopods found were extracted, measured, and preserved in ethanol for identification. The isopods were identified as cymothoid isopods and consisted mostly of Norileca indica specimens and one Glossobius impressus. Prevalence and mean intensity of cymothoid isopod infections in bigeye scad were 30% and 1.6, respectively. A possible correlation between isopod size and host size was speculated for non-ovigerous female isopods, but data for male and ovigerous female isopod specimens were inconclusive. The host-parasite size relationships between bigeye scad and isopods are less likely based on body size of either the host or the parasite and are more likely based on other factors such as host cavity size.

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27

Busby, Keith. "Courtly Literature and the Old French Isopet." Reinardus / Yearbook of the International Reynard Society 6 (June 17, 1993): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rein.6.04bus.

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28

Cifarelli, Paola. "Jeanne-Marie Boivin, Naissance de la fable en français. L’“Isopet de Lyon” et l’“Isopet I-Avionnet”." Studi Francesi, no. 153 (LI | III) (December 1, 2007): 626–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.9426.

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29

Duesterhoeft, Erik, Peter Raase, Manuel Duguet, and Robert Michael Easton. "The role of excess oxygen for modeling high-Mn, low-Ca garnets in metapelites from the northern Central Metasedimentary Belt of the Grenville Province, Ontario, Canada." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 58, no. 1 (January 2021): 21–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0238.

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The Bancroft terrane and the associated Central Metasedimentary Belt boundary thrust zone represent the northern part of the Central Metasedimentary Belt (CMB) of the Canadian Grenville Province. Only a few direct pressure and temperature calculations based on phase equilibrium petrology methods exist in the central Bancroft terrane, and this study applies thermodynamic approaches such as garnet isopleth geothermobarometry to fill this gap and investigate the metamorphic history of the northern CMB. Four metapelitic rock samples were collected in the vicinity of the enigmatic Bancroft shear zone, which approximates the border between the Bancroft terrane and the Elzevir terrane to the south. Garnet isopleths for these samples only intersect if a certain amount of excess oxygen is added to the bulk rock composition corresponding to a Fe3+/Fetot ratio of 0.33–0.38. The northernmost sample records metamorphic peak conditions of approximately 1 GPa and 780 °C, whereas the southernmost sample, which is located in the Elzevir terrane, records a peak metamorphic pressure of approximately 0.9 GPa at a temperature of 520 °C. The latter result contradicts previous pressure estimates of the region and the proposed metamorphic field gradient but is based on a poorly constrained sample in terms of thermodynamic modeling. Hence, we conclude that the metamorphic field gradient in the northern CMB conceals two different P–T trajectories. Such a scenario is commonly observed in crustal thickening models and suggests that the cold upper plate (Elzevir terrane) was thrust over the warm lower plate (Bancroft terrane) in a northwesterly direction.

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30

SAKIMOTO, Takahiro. "Report on the 23rd International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference." JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 82, no. 8 (2013): 614–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/jjws.82.614.

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31

Carefoot, Thomas H. "Physiology of terrestrial isopods." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology 106, no. 3 (November 1993): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(93)90235-v.

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32

McKenzie, Danny, and Loretto Macintosh. "Isopods in the Classroom." Science Activities: Classroom Projects and Curriculum Ideas 23, no. 3 (October 1986): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00368121.1986.9958041.

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33

Tobler, W., and J. Lau. "Isopleth Mapping Using Histosplines." Geographical Analysis 10, no. 3 (September 3, 2010): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1978.tb00656.x.

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34

Antoł, Andrzej, and Marcin Czarnoleski. "Size dependence of offspring production in isopods: a synthesis." ZooKeys 801 (December 3, 2018): 337–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.23677.

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In isopods, parental care takes the form of offspring brooding in marsupial pouches. Marsupial brooding was an important step towards the origin of terrestrial lifestyles among isopods, but its potential role in shaping isopod life histories remains unknown. It is here considered that marsupial brooding imposes costs and creates a temporary association between the survival of mothers and that of their offspring. Integrating findings from different life history models, we predicted that the effects of marsupial brooding set selective conditions for the continuation of growth after maturation, which leads to indeterminate growth, and the production of larger offspring by larger females. Based on this perspective, a study on the size dependence of offspring production in the woodlouse Porcellioscaber was performed and the generality of the results was tested by reviewing the literature on offspring production in other isopods. In P.scaber and almost all the other studied isopods, clutch size is positively related to female size. Such dependence is a necessary pre-condition for the evolution of indeterminate growth. The body mass of P.scaber differed six-fold between the largest and smallest brooding females, indicating a high potential for post-maturation growth. Our review showed that offspring size is a rarely studied trait in isopods and that it correlates negatively with offspring number but positively with female size in nearly half of the studied species. Our study of P.scaber revealed similar patterns, but the positive effect of female size on offspring size occurred only in smaller broods, and the negative relation between clutch size and offspring size occurred only in larger females. We conclude that the intraspecific patterns of offspring production in isopods agree with theoretical predictions regarding the role of offspring brooding in shaping the adaptive patterns of female investment in growth, reproduction, and the parental care provided to individual offspring.

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35

Vernon, G., R. Greco, and R. Witkus. "Localization of heavy metals in the hepatopancreas of the terrestrial isopod, Oniscus asellus." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 1092–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100157449.

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Heavy metals have been identified in tissues of a variety of terrestrial isopods exposed to metal polluted sites in Europe. Heavy metals have little effect on some isopods indicating that perhaps the hepatopancreas functions as a detoxifying organ for the isopod by storing the metal. In some lead and copper contaminated rivers tolerant races of the isopod Asellus meridianus were found.Specimens of Oniscus asellus were collected from a cadmium contaminated site adjacent to a marsh in Cold Spring, N. Y. and from an uncontaminated site in New Rochelle, N. Y. Isopods and leaf letter were transported to the lab where some isopods were prepared for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and others were prepared for atomic absorption spectroscopy. For SEM the hepatopancreatic lobes were fixed in 3,5% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M sodium cacodylate buffer with 0.05% calcium chloride. Specimens were dehydrated in acetone and embedded in Araldite-DDSA. Five micron thick cross sections were deplasticized and gold coated - Sections were viewed and analyzed using an Hitachi S-510 SEM at 25kV with an Ortec 5000 EDX system.

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36

Doublet, Vincent, Roland Raimond, Frédéric Grandjean, Alexandra Lafitte, Catherine Souty-Grosset, and Isabelle Marcadé. "Widespread atypical mitochondrial DNA structure in isopods (Crustacea, Peracarida) related to a constitutive heteroplasmy in terrestrial species." Genome 55, no. 3 (March 2012): 234–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g2012-008.

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Metazoan mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is generally composed of circular monomeric molecules. However, a few exceptions do exist and among them two terrestrial isopods Armadillidium vulgare and Porcellionides pruinosus have an atypical mtDNA composed of linear monomers associated with circular “head-to-head” dimers: a very unusual structure for animal mtDNA genome. To assess the distribution of this atypical mtDNA among isopods, we performed RFLP and Southern blot analyses on mtDNA of 16 terrestrial (Oniscidea family) and two aquatic isopod species: the marine Sphaeroma serratum (suborder Flabellifera, sister group of Oniscidea) and the freshwater Asellus aquaticus (Asellota, early derived taxon of isopod). The atypical mtDNA structure was observed in 15 terrestrial isopod species and A. aquaticus, suggesting a wide distribution of atypical mtDNA among isopods. However, a typical metazoan mtDNA structure was detected in the marine isopod S. serratum and the Oniscidea Ligia oceanica . Our results suggest two possible scenarios: an early origin of the atypical mtDNA in isopods followed by reversion to the typical ancestral mtDNA structure for several species, or a convergent appearance of the atypical mtDNA structure in two isopod suborders. We compare this distribution of the atypical mtDNA structure with the presence of a heteroplasmy also observed in the mtDNA of several terrestrial isopod species. We discuss if this transmitted heteroplasmy is vectored by the atypical mtDNA and its impact on the maintenance of the atypical mtDNA in isopods.

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37

Squire, O. J., A. T. Archibald, P. T. Griffiths, M. E. Jenkin, and J. A. Pyle. "Influence of isoprene chemical mechanism on modelled changes in tropospheric ozone due to climate and land use over the 21st century." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 14, no. 16 (September 1, 2014): 22385–435. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-22385-2014.

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Abstract. Isoprene is a precursor to tropospheric ozone, a key pollutant and greenhouse gas. Anthropogenic activity over the coming century is likely to cause large changes in atmospheric CO2 levels, climate and land use, all of which will alter the global vegetation distribution leading to changes in isoprene emissions. Previous studies have used global chemistry–climate models to assess how possible changes in climate and land use could affect isoprene emissions and hence tropospheric ozone. The chemistry of isoprene oxidation, which can alter the concentration of ozone, is highly complex, therefore it must be parameterised in these models. In this work we compare the effect of four different reduced isoprene chemical mechanisms, all currently used in Earth-system models, on tropospheric ozone. Using a box model we compare ozone in these reduced schemes to that in a more explicit scheme (the MCM) over a range of NOx and isoprene emissions, through the use of O3 isopleths. We find that there is some variability, especially at high isoprene emissions, caused by differences in isoprene-derived NOx reservoir species. A global model is then used to examine how the different reduced schemes respond to potential future changes in climate, isoprene emissions, anthropogenic emissions and land use change. We find that, particularly in isoprene rich regions, the response of the schemes varies considerably. The wide ranging response is due to differences in the types of peroxy radicals produced by isoprene oxidation, and their relative rates of reaction towards NO, leading to ozone formation, or HO2, leading to termination. Also important is the yield of isoprene-nitrates and peroxyacyl nitrate precursors from isoprene oxidation. Those schemes that produce less of these NOx reservoir species, tend to produce more ozone locally and less away from the source region. Additionally, by combining the emissions and O3 data from all of the global model integrations, we are able to construct isopleth plots comparable to those from the box model analysis. We find that the global and box model isopleths show good qualitative agreement, suggesting that comparing chemical mechanisms with a box model in this framework is a useful tool for assessing mechanistic performance in complex global models. We conclude that as the choice of reduced isoprene mechanism may alter both the magnitude and sign of the ozone response, how isoprene chemistry is parameterised in perturbation experiments such as these is a crucially important consideration. More measurements are needed to validate these reduced mechanisms especially in high-VOC, low-NOx environments.

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38

Nasu, Takahiro, Kana Kitagawa, and Shigenori Karasawa. "Species compositions of terrestrial isopods in public parks of a commuter town in Japan." ZooKeys 801 (December 3, 2018): 389–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.801.21875.

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The species compositions of terrestrial isopod assemblages in 150 public parks in a commuter town in Japan were investigated. Eleven species of terrestrial isopods were present, of which seven were considered native or oriental species, and four were exotic species originally distributed in the Mediterranean and European regions. An exotic species Armadillidiumvulgare Latreille, 1804 was found in all parks. Logistic model analysis indicated that the surrounding land use affected the distributions of three native species, Burmoniscuskathmandius (Schmalfuss, 1983), Ligidiumkoreanum Flasarova, 1972, and Mongoloniscuskoreanus Verhoeff, 1930, indicating that landscape properties are important factors that limit the distributions of terrestrial isopods. The present study also showed that the public parks surrounded by forests or semi-natural environments in a commuter town provide habitats for native terrestrial isopods.

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39

BENESH, D. P., E. T. VALTONEN, and O. SEPPÄLÄ. "Multidimensionality and intra-individual variation in host manipulation by an acanthocephalan." Parasitology 135, no. 5 (February 25, 2008): 617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008004216.

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SUMMARYTrophically-transmitted parasites frequently alter multiple aspects of their host's phenotype. Correlations between modified characteristics may suggest how different traits are mechanistically related, but these potential relationships remain unexplored. We recorded 5 traits from individual isopods infected with an acanthocephalan (Acanthocephalus lucii): hiding, activity, substrate colour preference, body (pereon) coloration, and abdominal (pleon) coloration. Infected isopods hid less and had darker abdominal coloration than uninfected isopods. However, in 3 different experiments measuring hiding behaviour (time-scales of observation: 1 h, 8 h, 8 weeks), these two modified traits were not correlated, suggesting they may arise via independent mechanisms. For the shorter experiments (1 h and 8 h), confidence in this null correlation was undermined by low experimental repeatability, i.e. individuals did not behave similarly in repeated trials of the experiment. However, in the 8-week experiment, hiding behaviour was relatively consistent within individuals, so the null correlation at this scale indicates, less equivocally, that hiding and coloration are unrelated. Furthermore, the difference between the hiding behaviour of infected and uninfected isopods varied over 8 weeks, suggesting that the effect of A. lucii infection on host behaviour changes over time. We emphasize the importance of carefully designed protocols for investigating multidimensionality in host manipulation.

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40

Kula, Emmanuel, and Martin Lazorík. "Centipedes, millipedes, terrestrial isopods and their relationships to physical and chemical properties of forest soils." Entomologica Fennica 27, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.84657.

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The quality of soil environment in forest ecosystems of mountain zones was characterised by skeleton content and particle size as well as soil moisture and chemistry and used for deepening the knowledge of ecological requirements of centipedes, millipedes and terrestrial isopods. Soil skeleton and size of the particles were significant environmental factors, with Lithobius austriacus, Lithobius erythrocephalus and Lithobius nodulipes preferring stony soils. The isopods Ligidium hypnorum and Hyloniscus riparius were closely bound to heavy soils with a high clay content, which was related to increased soil moisture and indication ofwaterlogged soils. Soil reaction (pH/KCl) was less associated with the occurrence of the studied invertebrates. The soils with higher skeleton content and a favourable moisture regime containing more Ca2+ and Mg2+ were more attractive to some centipedes (Strigamia acuminata, Lithobius microps) and isopods (Trachelipus ratzebargii, Oniscus asellus, Porcellio scaber).

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41

Warburg, M. R. "Cost of Breeding in Oniscid Isopods: A Partial Review." Crustaceana 84, no. 12-13 (2011): 1561–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854011x607006.

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AbstractOniscid isopods (Isopoda, Oniscidea) are able to provide extra developmental time to their young. This is done by having an internal oviposition: mature eggs are oviposited into the marsupium (brood pouch) where they undergo ermbryogenesis. That way the female increases the energetic cost, reflected in the loss in body mass during gestation and incubation (marsupial embryogenesis). This is the reproductive allocation (RA). Some isopod species extend this energetic support to their young by feeding and protecting them. This is the parental investment (PI). These subjects are discussed and reviewed. The production of young during the isopods' lifetime or the reproductive potential of the species (RP) are of major significance for the survival of a species. The RP depends on longevity and both breeding patterns and strategies of the species of isopods. These subjects are discussed and reviewed.

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42

Aguilar-Perera, Alfonso, Luis Quijano-Puerto, Evelyn Carrillo-Flota, Ernest H. Williams, and Lucy Bunkley-Williams. "First record of the snapper-choking isopod Cymothoa excisa (Isopoda: Cymothoidae) parasitizing invasive lionfish Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 98, no. 8 (September 20, 2017): 2095–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315417001576.

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Two female snapper-choking isopods Cymothoa excisa (body length 11 and 14 mm) were in the buccal cavity of two invasive lionfish Pterois volitans (total length 294 and 301 mm) collected in Alacranes Reef, southern Gulf of Mexico. This is the first record of C. excisa parasitizing invasive lionfish P. volitans in coral reefs of the Western Atlantic, where these isopods appear to have infected the host through adult prey-predator transfer.

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43

Koman-Wierdak, Edyta, Katarzyna Nowomiejska, Agnieszka Brzozowska, Dominika Nowakowska, Mario Damiano Toro, Vincenza Bonfiglio, Michele Reibaldi, Teresio Avitabile, and Robert Rejdak. "Kinetic and static perimetry after 16 years and additional OCT-A analysis in eyes with long-lasting optic disc drusen." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): e0247399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247399.

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The aim of the study is to evaluate the progression of visual field (VF) defects over 16 years of observation and to assess abnormalities in vessels and retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness in patients with optic disc drusen (ODD). Both static automated perimetry (SAP) and semi-automated kinetic perimetry (SKP) were performed in 16 eyes of 8 patients (mean age 54 years) with ODD among 26 eyes of 13 patients examined 16 years before. The area of I2e, I4e, III4e, and V4e isopters was measured in deg2. The MD and PSD parameters were estimated using SAP. Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) was additionally performed in 16 ODD eyes and 16 eyes of 8 healthy subjects to estimate the RNFL thickness and vessel density of the optic nerve disc and the macula. The differences in all isopter areas of SKP and SAP parameters after 16 years were not significant. The analysis of OCT-A showed a significant reduction of the vessel density and RNFL of the peripapillary area in each segment in patients with ODD, compared with the control group. The highest reduction of RNFL was observed in the superior segment of the optic disc area (92.56μm vs 126.63μm) also the macular thickness was decreased in ODD patients, compared with the control group. In the macula, there was a significant vascular defect in the whole superficial layer and in the parafoveal deep layer. A strong significant correlation of the parafoveal deep plexus with MD and PSD parameters was detected. In conclusion, VF loss due to ODD after 16 years of the follow-up was not significant both in SKP and SAP. ODD caused a reduced vessel density and RNFL, as well as macular thickness in OCT-A. SAP parameters were influenced by parafoveal deep plexus.

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44

Grossmann, Jan Nils, and Helmut Schmitz. "Mechanical properties of terrestrial isopods." Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2, no. 1 (March 2013): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/bbn.12.00025.

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45

Tuf, Ivan Hadrián, and Barbora Ďurajková. "Antipredatory strategies of terrestrial isopods." ZooKeys 1101 (May 18, 2022): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1101.76266.

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Terrestrial isopods (Oniscidea) represent a widespread group of land Crustacea that have been able to successfully adapt to the terrestrial environment and occupy newly formed ecological niches. During the colonisation of land, they faced numerous challenges, including finding an effective way to avoid their new terrestrial predators. In response to predation pressure, they have developed various behavioural and morphological adaptations. These include tonic immobility, conglobation, clinging to the ground, releasing strongly acidic secretions, jumping, and efficient running away. Furthermore, terrestrial isopods can aggregate with other individuals, use stridulation, or change their typical activity time. Some of them also developed spiny tergites and aposematic colouration or posture. The majority of these strategies have not yet been studied.

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46

Jass, J., and B. Klausmeier. "Wisconsin Records for Aquatic Isopods." Crustaceana 59, no. 2 (1990): 223–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854090x00714.

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47

Preston, Laura. "The Isopata Cemetery at Knossos." Annual of the British School at Athens 102 (November 2007): 257–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0068245400021493.

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This article re-examines the Isopata cemetery, a Final Palatial burial site north of the Knossos palace excavated in 1909–10. After presenting unpublished material from the excavations, including a previously unknown tomb, the article compares the cemetery with other contemporary burial sites in the Knossos valley and at Poros. While all tomb use in this period appears to have been a statement of high status, Isopata (and several of its tombs in particular) nevertheless stands out in terms of architectural extravagance and in its appeals to prestige symbolism - including the continuation of actual ritual practices - from the Neopalatial past.

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48

George, David R. "The Biology of Terrestrial Isopods." Journal of Arid Environments 10, no. 3 (May 1986): 242–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(18)31245-x.

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49

Bulut, F., S. Boynukalin, F. Tarhan, and E. Ataoglu. "Reliability of landslide isopleth maps." Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment 58, no. 2 (February 22, 2000): 95–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100640050002.

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50

Ferrara, F., and H. Schmalfuss. "TERRESTRIAL ISOPODS FROM WEST AFRICA." Monitore Zoologico Italiano. Supplemento 20, no. 1 (January 1985): 55–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1985.10736692.

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