Дисертації з теми "Isolation des parois"
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Chazot, Jean-Daniel. "TRANSPARENCE ACOUSTIQUE DE DOUBLES PAROIS REMPLIES DE MATÉRIAUX GRANULAIRES." Phd thesis, INSA de Lyon, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00142256.
Bouhioui, Hamid. "Étude vibro-acoustique d'un montage en double parois de verre." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMPD611.
Sambou, Vincent. "Transferts thermiques instationnaires : vers une optimisation de parois de bâtiments." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/252/.
The objective of this work is to optimize a multilayered wall or an element of alveolar wall in relation to insulation and thermal inertia. We showed that the thermal capacity deducted of the quadruple representation of a wall is a parameter characterizing thermal inertia of the wall. The optimization of a multilayered wall gives the optimal disposition of the wall layers and determines the optimal thickness of the massive layer. The daily entropy production of a multilayered wall confirms the best disposition of the layers. Heat transfer in an element of alveolar wall represented by a partitioned cavity has been theoretically and experimentally studied. Our results show the preponderance of the radiation heat transfer on the convection one. An optimal number of partitions giving a maximal resistance is found. The influence of pertinent parameters on heat transfer and thermal resistance is emphasized. Influence study of the exciting temperature period on the convection and radiation heat transfer shows the existence of a resonance frequency in the alveolus nearest to the variable boundary. A simplified 1D model of heat transfer in a partitioned cavity that has been validated both numerically and experimentally allows to apply quadruple method to partitioned cavity. Thus, a partitioned cavity can be optimized as regards insulation and thermal inertia
Tribaleau, Antonin. "Isolement acoustique de parois aux basses fréquences : programmation d'outils prédictifs et confrontations expérimentales dans le cas de planchers solivés en bois." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939357.
Berthou, Yannick. "Étude de parois de bâtiments passifs associant un Matériau à Changement de Phase (MCP) et une super isolation transparents." Paris, ENMP, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ENMP0109.
To reduce the environmental impact of buildings, it is a priority to develop new strategies concerning the insulation and the exploitation of the renewable energies. Xithin this context appeared the odea to design, to implement an to study a new generation of semi-transparent solar wall associating a super-insulating layer (silica aerogel) and a layer of a material ermitting the absorption, the storage and the restituion of heat (Phase Change Material). This wall was experimentally characterized in controlled atmosphere and in situ on a full-size building. Its qualities in terms of heat insulation and contribution to the energy balance and daylight were revealed. A limit of use pCM-aerogel wall was noticed in summer and on a part of the inter seasons. The PCM aerogel wallwas developed and validated. This model, coupled withTRNSYS, a software for the dynamic simulation of thermal systems, allowed to study the behavior of the wall for four cliamtesand two types of building (a residential building : an "Incas" house of the ines at Chambéry, and a building in free evolution : the experimental test cell of the CEP at Sophia Antipolis. These studies confirmed the interest of he MCP-aerogel wall for the improvement of the energy performances of the building
Sassine, Emilio. "Analyse typologique et thermique des maisons anciennes de Lille : Etude expérimentale et numérique des parois verticales." Thesis, Artois, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ARTO0213/document.
The housing sector has a significant energy saving potential especially in terms of heating which constitutes an important part of energy bills in France. Our work joins the optics of reducing energy consumption of housing by studying heat transfer in the opaque walls of old buildings and studying different configurations and types of thermal insulation materials. After an analysis of the context and the energy’s problematic of old buildings, we discussed a typological analysis of Lille’s old houses by identifying four main families of typologies: the “courée” house, the worker’s house, the town house and the mansion, thereby identifying their similarities and variations. Then, we thoroughly studied the heat transfer in a brick wall characteristic of the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region; an experimental study was compared to various theoretical approaches in various regimes (steady state, harmonic, and random regime). After the study of the wall in its initial state (before insulation), we experimentally characterized five insulating materials (polystyrene, wood wool, sheep wool, linen and recycled textile) in order to study then their contribution in terms of heat losses’ reduction through the studied wall. We experimentally applied 3 cm of polystyrene wall insulation to validate the theoretical method. Once it was validated, a comparison of different insulating materials and configurations (interior insulation and external insulation) was established to identify the most interesting configuration and insulation material(s). Finally, dynamic thermal simulations on the building scale were carried out for the different buildings typologies in order to validate the results obtained on the wall scale, to compare the energy performance of the different building typologies, and quantify the energy savings potential for thermal insulation scenarios
Traoré, Issiaka. "Transferts de chaleur et de masse dans les parois des bâtiments à ossature bois." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10085/document.
This thesis focuses on modeling and characterization of heat and mass transfer in a wooden building envelope. A code which simulates unsteady heat and mass in an air layer in two-dimensional geometry, which is part of the multi-layer wall, was developed and validated. Numerical validations that include all transfer modes were achieved for unsteady and steady states regimes (conduction, convection, surface-to-surface radiation, mass transfer and surface condensation). Then, the code developed for the air layer at the LEMTA was coupled to the code Transpore used at the LERFOB. The latter one deals with the transfer in hygroscopic solid materials. For the experimental validation of the fully coupled code, an experimental cell was constructed and instrumented to study the hygrothermal behavior of the studied walls. This cell which is thermally and hygroscopicly controlled was set up at the CRITT BOIS. Comparisons between the experimental and numerical results are presented and discussed. Besides, several experiments of thermal characterization of various materials (insulators containing wood fibers, solid wood ...) were also conducted. The influence of temperature and moisture on thermal conductivity and specific heat was largely investigated
Guichard, Stéphane. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes intégrant des matériaux à changements de phase : modélisation, expérimentation, et évaluation de la performance énergétique globale." Thesis, La Réunion, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LARE0008/document.
This Ph.D thesis focusses on energy control in buildings in order to reach high energetic performances by the use of passive means. One of the proposed solution is based on the use of Phase Change Materials (PCMs). Located into walls, PCMs allow to stock thermal energy into latent heat. The aim of the study is thus to put in evidence PCMs actual impacts on the thermal field of a building and its role as thermal insulation. For these considerations, a thermal model has been developed and validated. An experimental device has been set-up for the collection of data in field environment and for a human scale. The measurement sequence has been conducted at Reunion Island, for a hot and humid tropical climate. For the determination of the thermal behaviour of a commplex wall included PCMs, we proposed a generic model, able to predict many configurations. The model has been implemented in a multizone building simulation code (ISOLAB), for the prediction of wall temperature profiles and PCMs impact on the thermal comfort. Following a combined metholodogy, including modelling and experimentation for validation, we were able to validate the model for actual conditions and to evaluate the model's prediction accuracy
Assaf, Rawad. "Analyse du comportement vibroacoustique des parois multicouches composites dans les constructions." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CNAM1036/document.
Double-wall structures are widely used in noise control due to their superiority over single-leaf structures in providing better acoustic insulation. Typical examples include double glazed windows, fuselage of airplanes, vehicles, etc. In this context, we are interested in experimental and numerical study of the vibro-acoustic behavior of double-wall sandwich panels with viscoelastic core coupled to an acoustic enclosure. A finite element formulation is derived from a variational principle involving structural displacement and acoustic pressure in the fluid cavity. Since the elasticity modulus of the viscoelastic core is complex and frequency dependent, this formulation is complex and nonlinear. Therefore, the direct solution of this problem can be considered only for small model sizes. We successfully developed a reduced order-model to predict the sound transmission in any frequency range at a lower numerical cost. This model, based on a normal mode expansion, requires the computation of the uncoupled structural and acoustic modes. The uncoupled structural modes are the real and undamped modes of the sandwich panels without fluid pressure loading at fluid-structure interface, whereas the uncoupled acoustic modes are the cavity modes with rigid wall boundary conditions at the fluid-structure interface. Our numerical model is validated by means of experiments realized on simple, double and laminated glazing according to ISO 140 standards. This standard concerns the measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements. The numerical predictions agree reasonably well with experiments
Miranville, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude des parois complexes en physique du bâtiment : modélisation, expérimentation et validation expérimentale de complexes de toitures incluant des produits minces réfléchissants en climat tropical humide." La Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463069/fr/.
Kouyoumji, Jean-Luc. "Caractérisation des parois courantes et des liaisons structurales pour la prévision de l'isolement acoustique d'une construction en bois." Chambéry, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CHAMS024.
Ghrissi, Wafa. "Analyse des phénomènes de transferts hygrothermiques de parois humides ventilées : application à la rénovation du patrimoine ancien." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Amiens, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AMIE0096.
As part of the sustainable energy renovation of old buildings and in order to improve the energy efficiency of walls subjected to capillary rise, a new breakthrough technology consists of incorporating a ventilation system of a buffer space located between the thermal insulation and the wet load-bearing framework. This technology is one of the effective and inexpensive solutions to fight against capillary rise, while ensuring the durability of the insulation and the structural durability of the framework.Physically, the aeraulic device based on the generation of a laminar flow of forced convection of fresh air in a vertical channel in contact with the internal surface of the wet wall. This technology then creates an evaporation front at the internal surface of the wall, where as a result, simultaneous hygrothermal exchange occurs between the wall and the ventilated air space and between the wall and the external environment.Numerical modeling of these coupled physical phenomena is complex. We then followed an explicit scientific approach, which firstly consists in a simplification of the model thanks to the simple Darcy approach in the porous medium and to the forced convection equations. Our objective is to highlight the hygrothermal transfers between the humid wall and the ventilated air channel, assuming that the external face of the wall is in adiabatic conditions and that water saturated the porous medium. Secondly, the model extends to a generalized model based on the Luikov approach, which assimilates the wall with a partially saturated porous medium under diabetic conditions. A hybrid method, combining the Lattice - Boltzmann method, the finite volume method, and the iterative succesive over-relaxation method, solves these hygrothermal transfer equations.A "materials" data set identified by means of an experimental campaign of physical, hygrothermal and mechanical characteristics in order to constitute input parameters for the numerical models. Traditional construction techniques in the North of France targeted, through damp walls made of old terracotta bricks. In the light of these results, we can validate the model analytically, thanks to a similar and simplified approach, and experimentally, via an experimental device designed in the laboratory.Finally, a study of the sensitivity of the model to the input parameters of the model proposed, followed by the analysis of the influence of the fresh air blowing conditions (dynamic hygrothermal energy) and of the external environmental conditions on the performance of the ventilated duct leaned against a partially saturated wall in diabatic conditions. The results are presented in terms of temperature and water content distributions for the wall, isothermal fields and iso-concentration of water vapor and local dimensional numbers to identify the nature of the exchanges at the interface between the wet wall and the ventilated buffer space.Many research perspectives can emerge from our study, in particular through the transfer of this technology to the energy renovation market for wet properties. In addition to optimizing the operation of the aeraulic system and its automation in the face of environmental conditions, feedback on a real occupied site is currently being prepared
Miranville, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'Etude des Parois Complexes en Physique du Bâtiment : Modélisation, Expérimentation et Validation Expérimentale de Complexes de Toitures incluant des Produits Minces Réfléchissants en climat tropical humide." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00463069.
Ruiz, Margot. "Modélisation des transferts hygrothermiques à travers les parois dans un modèle de climat urbain : application aux centres-villes historiques à réhabiliter." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulouse, INSA, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ISAT0045.
Improving the energy efficiency of buildings and mitigating the urban heat island is a priority, particularly in historical city centres, which are composed of poorly insulated buildings. One of the levers of action envisaged is wall insulation. However, the retrofit of old walls faces numerous obstacles (technological, architectural, urban). In particular, these walls have a specific hygrothermal behavior, which needs to be taken into account to avoid the appearance of pathologies and to correctly estimate energy losses. It is therefore essential to integrate hygrothermal transfers through the walls to effectively simulate old buildings. However, most urban-scale models neglect moisture transfer through walls.This thesis proposes a new numerical method for solving hygrothermal transfers, which is adapted to the various constraints of urban-scale modeling (spatio-temporal resolutions, numerical method, etc.). Validation is carried out in two steps: a numerical part and an experimental part. Numerical validation is based on an inter-model comparison, using fifteen wall compositions and three climates. Experimental validation uses data recorded in several buildings retrofitted with bio-based materials and instrumented in the medieval city centre of Cahors.Then, coupled heat and mass transfer through walls are integrated into the TEB (Town Energy Balance) urban climate model, using the developed and validated method. The suitability of this new version of TEB to represent the medieval town center of Cahors is assessed by comparison with in-situ measurement. A significant improvement is observed when simulating indoor relative humidity. The impact of moisture transfer is discussed at several scales.Finally, the retrofit of the old walls of buildings in the city center of Cahors is studied using several types of thermal insulation positioned inside or outside. These retrofitting scenarios are simulated with the modified version of TEB, including moisture transfer through the walls. Their relevance is compared with regard to energy issues, indoor and outoor comfort, heritage conservation and wall durability. Recommendations are given according to the type of wall
Bigot, Dimitri. "Contribution à l’étude du couplage énergétique enveloppe / système dans le cas de parois complexes photovoltaïques (PC - PV)." Thesis, La Réunion, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LARE0024/document.
This thesis presents a thermal and electrical modelling of PV walls integrated to buildings. The particularity of this model is that the heat transfer that occurs through the panel to the building is described so that both building and PV thermal modelling are fully coupled. This has the advantage of allowing the prediction of the impact of PV installation on the building temperature field and also the comfort inside it. The aim of this study is to show the impact of the PV panels in terms of level of insulation or solar protection for the building. Moreover, the study has been conducted in La Reunion Island, where the climate is tropical and humid, with a strong solar radiation. In such conditions, it is important to minimise the thermal load through the roof of the building. The thermal model is integrated in a building simulation code and is able to predict the thermal impact of PV panels installed on buildings in several configurations and also their production of electricity. Finally, the experimental study is used to give elements of validation for the numerical model and a sensitivity analysis has been run to put in evidence the governing parameters. It has been shown that the radiative properties of the PV panel have a great impact on the temperature field of the tested building and the determination of these parameters has to be taken with care. Results of sensitivity analysis are used to optimize the PV thermal model using the GenOpt optimization program
Hurel, Nolwenn. "Impact des infiltrations d'air sur les performances des bâtiments : focus sur l'étude expérimentale dans les parois ossature bois." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAA018/document.
Poor airtightness in buildings can lead to an over-consumption of energy and to many issues such as moisture damage and poor indoor climate. The timber frame constructions are particularly subject to air leakage and further knowledge in this field is needed to meet the regulation requirements tightened by the development of low-energy and passive houses. This study focuses on the impact of air infiltration on the buildings’ performance, both at the building and the wall assembly scales.The air infiltration through the envelope can disrupt the proper functioning of mechanical ventilation and increase the global energy load. This issue was first investigated numerically at the building scale on a wide range of housing and weather conditions. Simplified models working across the whole airtightness spectrum were established for the inclusion of natural infiltration in buildings’ total ventilation rate calculations. The airtightness was then considered at a smaller scale with the experimental characterization of timber frame wall assemblies, components and construction details, in particular with an original test set-up built for this purpose. A number of pressurization tests enabled to quantify the additional leakage air flow induced by specific airtightness defects and may be of use for building scale numerical simulations.The impact of air infiltration on the hygro-thermal performance of a wall is closely linked to the air dispersion inside it, but there is a lack of experimental studies and methods for the air path investigation. A new technique has therefore been developed, consisting in an innovative use of fluorescein micro-particles as tracer inside the insulation material. It was first applied to specific configurations: straight/angled air channels in contact with porous media. A simple analysis of the fluorescein concentration mappings enabled to investigate the impact of parameters such as the flow velocity, the insulation material and the geometry on the air infiltration in the glass wool, and gave evidences of phenomena such as the appearance of thin air gaps between the components of the wall. A fluorescein transport model was developed and coupled to a CFD model for finer analysis.Finally a case study on simple wall assemblies was carried out to compare experimental techniques, to verify their applicability to the air path study and to provide data for possible numerical model validation. The air dispersion at the inlet/outlet of the insulation was studied with both infrared thermography and the PIV. The air path inside the insulation layer was investigated using three experimental approaches: a temperature monitoring with thermocouples; a relative humidity monitoring with capacitive sensors SHT 75; and the use of fluorescein tracer micro-particles. The respective benefits and limitations of the various methods were identified to help in the selection of the most appropriate one for further studies
Leroux, Maud Aurégan Yves. "Propagation acoustique en conduit traité influence de l'écoulement sur la propagation avec impédance de paroi /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1016.pdf.
Leroux, Maud. "Propagation acoustique en conduit traité : influence de l'écoulement sur la propagation avec impédance de paroi." Le Mans, 2005. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2005/2005LEMA1016.pdf.
This experimental study performed at the Laboratoire d'Acoustique de l'Université du Maine is concerned with acoustical wave propagation in lined ducts with superimposed stationnary flow. The present waveguides are straight ducts, whose wall may be locally modified. The lined part is globally determined with its impedance. Determine the impedance allows an estimation of the sound attenuation in the lined duct, and thereby industrial applications, such as reduction of noise in exhaust pipes or jet engines. The experiments are performed on locally reacting liners, whose impedances are estimated on the frequency range. A method based on multimodal formulation of the sound propagation is proposed and validated for the studied liners. The modeling gives the transmission characteristics of an acoustic wave. The applications are done whether for a plane wave propagation, or with more modes taken into account, and at last, in cases considering a non uniform flow profile. This method is linked to an inverse method, in order to determine the impedance of the lined part of the duct. The results of the computation are compared to the measurements. The experiments have been performed on flow ducts, and the scattering coefficients are measured by the mean of a usual multimicrophonic method
Bricault, Charlie. "Diminution des vibrations et du bruit rayonné d'une paroi par contrôle distribué." Thesis, Le Mans, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LEMA1009/document.
Making the structure lighter is an important economic stake in the field of industrial activities such as automotive, aeronautic or naval, which gradually integrate composite materials in the manufacturing of structures. This reduction of the mass goes along with a stiffening of the matter implying acoustics and vibrations issues. Several methods exist to reduce vibrations or acoustic radiations of structures, but these methods increase the mass. In order to answer the problematic, we propose to change the dynamic behavior of structures with a periodic lattice of piezoelectric patches shunted with an electrical circuit whose the impedance can be controlled. Therefore, the control of the coupled behavior of the piezoelectric patches allows the control of vibrational wave's diffusion inside the structure and so to treat the structure-borne vibrations and airborne acoustics emission. The shunt method chosen is negative capacitance shunt which allows to modify the rigidity of a structure. This semi-passive method has several advantages: the implementation is simple, it is possible to integrate the patches directly inside the wall, it consumes a low amonte of electrical energy and its implementation is inexpensive
Othmen, Inès. "Étude des matériaux d'isolation compatibles avec la pierre de tuffeau : application à la réhabilitation du bâti ancien et/ou historique." Nantes, 2015. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=6bd6c8b6-5b05-4f8d-ae3d-8da67f673df9.
In France, the building sector is a major challenge because alone is responsible for about half of the final energy consumption and nearly a quarter of national greenhouse gas emissions. In this context, the regulations concerning the energy efficiency of buildings lead professionals to wonder about the issue of the insulation of buildings said “old”, built before 1948, in particular, those of Loire Valley made with tuffeau. However, there are no proven technology answers for the rehabilitation of buildings in limestone. In this context, we preferred use innovative technical solutions using hemp by wet and dry applications. Indeed, recent research has highlighted the interesting hygrothermal performance of this eco-material, in addition to its respect for the environment and sustainable development approach. In this phD work, three objectives are well pointed out. The first focused on a parametric study of limestone and concrete hemp to create a database of properties necessary for the evaluation of the insulation technique and numerical modeling of coupled heat and moisture transfer in the walls. The second objective was to test the insulated walls under real relative humidity and temperature conditions imposed within a biclimatic device. Finally, the third objective was to verify the experimental results with the numerical results obtained through two-dimensional software in porous media (heat / moisture - WUFI)
Dinand, Elisabeth. "Microfibrilles de cellulose : isolement à partir de pulpes de betterave, caractérisation et propriétés." Grenoble 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10109.
Mei-Peng and 呂美鵬. "Isolation and analysis of steroidal saponins in Taiwanese Rhizoma Paridis curtivar (Paris formosana HAYATA)." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40216878691694632982.
中山醫學大學
應用化學系碩士班
98
Rhizoma Paridis is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Paris genus (belong to Liliaceae family). Steroidal saponins are the notable bioactive compounds of the herb. However, there is no thorough report concerning composition and content of steroidal saponins in Taiwanese Rhizoma Paridis plants. In the study, we collected Paris formosana HAYATA from various areas of Taiwan followed by isolation, purification and identification of steroidal saponins. A simple method using HPLC-ELSD (evaporative light scattering detection, ELSD) for simultaneous determination of these steroidal saponins was also developed. The method was applied to determine the composition and content of steroidal saponins in the herb samples. Dried methanol extract of P. formosana HAYATA was suspended in water and then partitioned against by n-butanol to yield saponin extract. The extract could be isolated nine steroidal saponins by high preformance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Their structures were identified by LC-MS and NMR. They are three furostanol glycosides including Methyldichotomin, PolyPhyllin H and Methylprotogracillin, and two pennogenin glycosides (spirostanol glycosides) including Paris-VII and Chonglouoside H, and four diosgenin glycosides (spirostanol glycosides) including Formosanin C, Gracillin, Polyphyllin D and Paris V. The established analytical conditions used to determine these saponins were a C18 column (35°C) and a step gradient solvent system consisting of acetonitrile and deionized water (25/75(v/v) in the first 30 min, 45/55(v/v) from 31 to 45 min and 50/50 (v/v) from 45 to 65 min) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. The P. formosana HAYATA gathered from Nantou and Taitung had higher levels of steroidal saponins.