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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Faraj, Shakhawan Jalal. "Code Switching and Code Mixing." Journal of University of Human Development 4, no. 4 (December 10, 2018): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.21928/juhd.v4n4y2018.pp86-97.

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This research Paper under the title (code switching and code_ mixing), we research theories and causes of their occurrence and their different linguistic levels as represented by the examples used among Kurdish – speaking people. In order to establish scientific methodology in the research paper the research is divided into three integrated sections: the first section is dedicated to the reasons and motivations for the code_ switching and code mixing in which we explained the reasons and the linguistic and nonlinguistic motives for the occurrence of this phenomenon. In the second part of the paper marked with code_ switching, we discussed the types of conversion codes and language elements for the conversion of codes. In the third section under the title ‘code_ mixing, we explained the vision and methods of mixing the codes, as well as the methods and structure of code mixing is explained. Finally, we presented the most important results found in the research paper

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2

P, Shahnas. "Performance Analysis of Regular and Irregular LDPC Codes on SPIHT Coded Image Data." International Journal of Computer Communication and Informatics 2, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/ijcci2021.

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The LDPC (Low Density Parity Check Code) has Shown interesting results for transmitting embedded bit streams over noisy communication channels. Performance comparison of regular and irregular LDPC codes with SPIHT coded image is done here. Different Error Sensitive classes of image data are obtained by using SPIHT algorithm as an image coder. Irregular LDPC codes map the more important class of data into a higher degree protection class to provide more protection. Different degree protection classes of an LDPC code improves the overall performance of data transmission against channel errors. Simulation results show the superiority of irregular LDPC over regular LDPC codes.

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3

Noori Ghanim, Zainab, and Fadia Noori Hummadi Al-Nuaimy. "Variable length error correcting code for image in OFDM and PAPR reduction." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 27, no. 2 (August 1, 2022): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v27.i2.pp859-866.

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Data <span>transmission in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system needs source and channel coding, the transmitted data suffers from the bad effect of large peak to average power ratio (PAPR). Source code and channel codes can be joined using different joined codes. Variable length error correcting code (VLEC) is one of these joined codes. VLEC is used in mat lab simulation for image transmission in OFDM system, different VLEC code length is used and compared to find that the PAPR decreased with increasing the code length. Several techniques are used and compared for PAPR reduction. The PAPR of OFDM signal is measured for image coding with VLEC and compared with image coded by Huffman source coding and Bose-Chaudhuri-Hochquenghem (BCH) channel coding, the VLEC code decreases the data transmitted size and keep the same level of PAPR reduction with respect to data coded by Huffman and BCH code when using PAPR reduction methods.</span>

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4

Biggers, Vivian Tame. "Codes for a Code." American Journal of Nursing 92, no. 5 (May 1992): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3426721.

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5

Biggers, Vivian Tame. "Codes for a Code." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 92, no. 5 (May 1992): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199205000-00020.

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6

Jau, L. L., and Y. H. Lee. "Optical code-division multiplexing systems using Manchester coded Walsh codes." IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics 151, no. 2 (2004): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:20040123.

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7

Liu, Yanji, and Hee-Jong Suh. "A Comparison of Raptor Code Using LDGM and LDPC code." Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2013): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.13067/jkiecs.2013.8.1.065.

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8

Barg, A., J. Justesen, and C. Thommesen. "Concatenated codes with fixed inner code and random outer code." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 47, no. 1 (2001): 361–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/18.904536.

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9

Widyaningrum, Linda, Nor Azlinah Md Lazam, Tominanto Tominanto, and Dona Yanuar Agus Santoso. "Implementation the Fourth Character Code of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) Diagnosis Based International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (May 28, 2022): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/picnhs.v3i1.1150.

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Coding is the assignment of codes by using letters in numbers that represent data components. Activities and actions as well as diagnoses contained in the medical record must be coded and then indexed to facilitate services in presenting information to support the functions of planning, management and research in the health sector. This study aims to determine the application of the 4th character code to the diagnosis of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) based on ICD 10 in inpatient medical records at RSAU dr Siswanto Lanud Adi Soemarmo in 2020. The research method uses descriptive. The approach used is retrospective with observation and interview data collection. The sample used was 117 inpatient medical record documents with a diagnosis of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) with a sampling technique using saturated samples.The procedure for implementing the coding is not yet in accordance with the SPO and the SPO for the application of the 4th character code does not yet exist. The accuracy of the application of the 4th character code in the diagnosis of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM) was 57% (67 documents) and 43% (50 documents) incorrectly due to an error in selecting the 4th character code. The factors causing the 4th character code inaccuracy based on ICD 10, namely medical personnel factors and medical record personnel (coder). Researchers suggest that hospitals should socialize to medical personnel about writing a diagnosis, this will minimize errors in the 4th character code. Coder officers should be more careful in coding and check again on ICD 10 volume 1 to provide the right code.

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10

Subotin, Michael, and Anthony R. Davis. "A method for modeling co-occurrence propensity of clinical codes with application to ICD-10-PCS auto-coding." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 23, no. 5 (February 17, 2016): 866–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocv201.

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Abstract Objective Natural language processing methods for medical auto-coding, or automatic generation of medical billing codes from electronic health records, generally assign each code independently of the others. They may thus assign codes for closely related procedures or diagnoses to the same document, even when they do not tend to occur together in practice, simply because the right choice can be difficult to infer from the clinical narrative. Methods We propose a method that injects awareness of the propensities for code co-occurrence into this process. First, a model is trained to estimate the conditional probability that one code is assigned by a human coder, given than another code is known to have been assigned to the same document. Then, at runtime, an iterative algorithm is used to apply this model to the output of an existing statistical auto-coder to modify the confidence scores of the codes. Results We tested this method in combination with a primary auto-coder for International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 procedure codes, achieving a 12% relative improvement in F -score over the primary auto-coder baseline. The proposed method can be used, with appropriate features, in combination with any auto-coder that generates codes with different levels of confidence. Conclusions The promising results obtained for International Statistical Classification of Diseases-10 procedure codes suggest that the proposed method may have wider applications in auto-coding.

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11

Fan, Zeng, John Rudlin, Giorgos Asfis, and Hongying Meng. "Convolution of Barker and Golay Codes for Low Voltage Ultrasonic Testing." Technologies 7, no. 4 (October 10, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies7040072.

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Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is one of the most important technologies in Non-Detective Testing (NDT) methods. Recently, Barker code and Golay code pairs as coded excitation signals have been applied in ultrasound imaging system with improved quality. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of existing UT system based on Barker code or Golay code can be influenced under high high attenuation materials or noisy conditions. In this paper, we apply the convolution of Barker and Golay codes as coded excitation signals for low voltage UT devices that combines the advantages of Barker code and Golay code together. There is no need to change the hardware of UT system in this method. The proposed method has been analyzed theoretically and then in extensive simulations. The experimental results demonstrated that the main lobe level of the code produced by convolution of Barker code and Golay code pairs is much higher than the simple pulse and the main lobe of the combined code is higher than the traditional Barker code, sidelobe is the same as the baker code that constitutes this combined code. So the peak sidelobe level (PSL) of the combined code is lower than the traditional Barker code. Equipped with this, UT devices can be applied in low voltage situations.

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12

Köster, Marcel, Roland Leißa, Sebastian Hack, Richard Membarth, and Philipp Slusallek. "Code Refinement of Stencil Codes." Parallel Processing Letters 24, no. 03 (September 2014): 1441003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129626414410035.

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A straightforward implementation of an algorithm in a general-purpose programming language does usually not deliver peak performance: Compilers often fail to automatically tune the code for certain hardware peculiarities like memory hierarchy or vector execution units. Manually tuning the code is firstly error-prone as well as time-consuming and secondly taints the code by exposing those peculiarities to the implementation. A popular method to avoid these problems is to implement the algorithm in a Domain-Specific Language (DSL). A DSL compiler can then automatically tune the code for the target platform. In this article we show how to embed a DSL for stencil codes in another language. In contrast to prior approaches we only use a single language for this task which offers explicit control over code refinement. This is used to specialize stencils for particular scenarios. Our results show that our specialized programs achieve competitive performance compared to hand-tuned CUDA programs while maintaining a convenient coding experience.

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13

Lassave, Pierre. "Code, codex et autres affaires." Archives de sciences sociales des religions, no. 144 (October 1, 2008): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/assr.18183.

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14

Biggers, Vivian Tame. "More Codes for a Code." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 94, no. 9 (September 1994): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000446-199409000-00025.

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15

O'Donnell, Patrick. "When Code Words Aren’t Coded." Social Theory and Practice 46, no. 4 (2020): 813–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/soctheorpract20201030106.

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According to the “standard framing” of racial appeals in political speech, politicians generally rely on coded language to communicate racial messages. Yet recent years have demonstrated that politicians often express quite explicit forms of racism in mainstream political discourse. The standard framing can explain neither why these appeals work politically nor how they work semantically. This paper moves beyond the standard framing, focusing on the politics and semantics of one type of explicit appeal, candid racial communication (CRC). The linguistic vehicles of CRC are neither true code words, nor slurs, but a conventionally defined class of “racialized terms.”

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16

Jean Camp, L. "Code, coding and coded perspectives." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 1, no. 1 (February 2003): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14779960380000226.

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17

Kumar.K, Ashok, and Dananjayan P. "Reduction of Power Consumption using Joint Low Power Code with Crosstalk Avoidance Code in Case of Crosstalk and Random Burst Errors." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.12 (July 20, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.12.15864.

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When technology is scaling down, reliability and power issues are arise in the intercommunication of System on Chip (SoC). The intercommunication links are suffers with various noise sources like crosstalk, temperature variation and voltage deflection which lead to communication link failure. To get reliable system, the strong error detection and correction codes are required. In this proposed work, Crosstalk avoidance code detects and corrects of one bit error, two bit error and some of three bit errors. The Hybrid Automatic Re-transmission Request is also used when the CAC detects the burst error of three. Apart from this, the Low Power Codes are used to get low power consumption using Bus Invert (BI) technique in proposed work. The LPC code reduces the power consumption of interconnection wires using reducing switching activity. The performance of proposed work evaluated in Xilinx 14.7 in Vertex-6 Field Programmable Gated Array (FPGA) device. The proposed work is calculated of power consumption of codec module and interconnection wire, delay of CAC and LPC code and link swing voltage. This work provides 11.7% improvement in power consumption and presents high reliability than JTEC. The energy dissipation of wires in the proposed work is decreased 23.5% than un-coded schemes.

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18

Glory, V., and S. Domnic. "Re-Ordered FEGC and Block Based FEGC for Inverted File Compression." International Journal of Information Retrieval Research 3, no. 1 (January 2013): 71–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijirr.2013010105.

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Data compression has been widely used in many Information Retrieval based applications like web search engines, digital libraries, etc. to enable the retrieval of data to be faster. In these applications, universal codes (Elias codes (EC), Fibonacci code (FC), Rice code (RC), Extended Golomb code (EGC), Fast Extended Golomb code (FEGC) etc.) have been preferably used than statistical codes (Huffman codes, Arithmetic codes etc). Universal codes are easy to be constructed and decoded than statistical codes. In this paper, the authors have proposed two methods to construct universal codes based on the ideas used in Rice code and Fast Extended Golomb Code. One of the authors’ methods, Re-ordered FEGC, can be suitable to represent small, middle and large range integers where Rice code works well for small and middle range integers. It is also competing with FC, EGC and FEGC in representing small, middle and large range integers. But it could be faster in decoding than FC, EGC and FEGC. The authors’ another coder, Block based RFEGC, uses local divisor rather than global divisor to improve the performance (both compression and decompression) of RFEGC. To evaluate the performance of the authors’ coders, the authors have applied their methods to compress the integer values of the inverted files constructed from TREC, Wikipedia and FIRE collections. Experimental results show that their coders achieve better performance (both compression and decompression) for those files which contain significant distribution of middle and large range integers.

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19

Nghia, Tran Van, Le Van Ky, Tran Minh Hai, and Le Thi Trang Linh. "EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION OF FPGA-BASED FORWARD ERROR CORRECTING COMBINATION AND BIT TO CELL WORD DE-MULTIPLEXER FOR A SECOND GENERATION DIGITAL TERRESTRIAL TELEVISION BROADCASTING SYSTEM." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 7, no. 2 (2021): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2021-7-2-18-21.

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This article focus on the implementation of FEC part. The motivation of the design is that FEC is an effective tool to mitigate problems associated with OFDM which stem from multipath fading channel, high speed data rate. One of the key features of BCH codes is that during code design, there is a precise control over the number of symbol errors that are correctable by the code. BCH coder proccesses parralelly with high-speed operation. 8-bit parallel data input and output helps to maximize the throughput. DVB-T2 used LDPC coder, as inner codes with word length up to 64,800 bits, enabling significant proximity to Shannon limit. This encoder supports all code rates and both normal and short frames. Output of LDPC encoder is interleaved with bit interleaver. This project was fully optimized for speed and memory area, fully synchronized by using a single clock. The design was coded in VHDL, synthesized by using Xilinx ISE Design Suite 14.7. The design has been tested on development Kit NetFPGA-1G-CML of Digilent Corporation and the bit map was downloaded into Xilinx Kintex-7 XC7K325T-1FFG676, which is integrated on experimental transmitter system DVB-T2. This research product belong to program “Research of experimental testing of second generation digital terrestrial television broadcasting system DVB-T2” of Vietnamese Communications Television Development JSC.

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20

Kim, Won-yeol, Sang-gug Park, Woong-ho Cho, Duck-soo Noh, and Dong-hoan Seo. "A study on indoor visible light communication localization based on manchester code using walsh code." Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Engineering 39, no. 9 (November 30, 2015): 959–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5916/jkosme.2015.39.9.959.

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21

Nose, Daisuke, Daisuke Umehara, and Koichiro Wakasugi. "A MIMO radar code construction based on space–time coded complementary codes." IEICE Communications Express 5, no. 7 (2016): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/comex.2016xbl0060.

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22

Snyder, Marion L., Alexis Carter, Karen Jenkins, and Corinne R. Fantz. "Patient Misidentifications Caused by Errors in Standard Bar Code Technology." Clinical Chemistry 56, no. 10 (October 1, 2010): 1554–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.150094.

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BACKGROUND Bar code technology has decreased transcription errors in many healthcare applications. However, we have found that linear bar code identification methods are not failsafe. In this study, we sought to identify the sources of bar code decoding errors that generated incorrect patient identifiers when bar codes were scanned for point-of-care glucose testing and to develop solutions to prevent their occurrence. METHODS We identified misread wristband bar codes, removed them from service, and rescanned them by using 5 different scanner models. Bar codes were reprinted in pristine condition for use as controls. We determined error rates for each bar code–scanner pair and manually calculated internal bar code data integrity checks. RESULTS As many as 3 incorrect patient identifiers were generated from a single bar code. Minor bar code imperfections, failure to control for bar code scanner resolution requirements, and less than optimal printed bar code orientation were confirmed as sources of these errors. Of the scanner models tested, the Roche ACCU-CHEK® glucometer had the highest error rate. The internal data integrity check system did not detect these errors. CONCLUSIONS Bar code–related patient misidentifications can occur. In the worst case, misidentified patient results could have been transmitted to the incorrect patient medical record. This report has profound implications not only for point-of-care testing but also for bar coded medication administration, transfusion recipient certification systems, and other areas where patient misidentifications can be life-threatening. Careful control of bar code scanning and printing equipment specifications will minimize this threat to patient safety. Ultimately, healthcare device manufacturers should adopt more robust and higher fidelity alternatives to linear bar code symbologies.

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23

Fu, Qiang, Ruihu Li та Sen Yang. "Optimal (r, δ)-Locally Repairable Codes From Simplex Code and Cap Code". IEEE Access 8 (2020): 215414–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3040320.

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24

Martín-González, J. A., R. Pérez-Jiménez, F. J. López-Hernández, E. Poves, and O. González. "Code acquisition of random optical codes in optical code-division multiple-access." IET Communications 6, no. 18 (December 18, 2012): 3176–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/iet-com.2012.0305.

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25

Kassim, Noordiana, Yusri Yusof, Nazri Mohd Nawi та Mohd Zakiyamani Awang. "The Development of New STEP-NС Code Generator (Milling STEP Coder)". Applied Mechanics and Materials 465-466 (грудень 2013): 667–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.667.

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This research explored ISO 14649 together with ISO 6983 and utilize STEP-NC in overcoming the problems of G & M code and at the same time take advantage of the current advances in computing and controllers. A new STEP-NC Code Generator called Milling STEP Coder, which focuses on the milling process that are able to generate STEP-NC codes based on ISO 14649 Part 11 was developed. This system also has the capabilities to visualize the STEP-NC codes generated in a parent to child relationship tree-view structure, as well as give an image visualization of how the end machining will appears. The developed Milling STEP Coder uses Software Prototyping Model as its software development methodology, instead of the normal waterfall model, as prototype is a valuable mechanism for gaining better understanding of the system requirements. A small-scale mock up of the system was developed following an iterative modification process. The advantages of the proposed Milling STEP Coder program was verified and evaluated. The Milling STEP Coder can generates STEP-NC codes through a STEP-NC compliant interface and will give industries and academician more in-depth understanding and confidence to make the switch from G & M code to STEP-NC.

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26

Kirova, B., and I. Penkin. "The code: the Da Vinci code, TM code, QR code ..." Journal of Intellectual Property Law & Practice 8, no. 8 (June 25, 2013): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiplp/jpt100.

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27

Bioglio, Valerio, and Ingmar Land. "Polar-Code Construction of Golay Codes." IEEE Communications Letters 22, no. 3 (March 2018): 466–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2018.2793273.

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28

Gabidulin, E. M., and N. I. Pilipchuk. "Multicomponent codes with maximum code distance." Problems of Information Transmission 52, no. 3 (July 2016): 276–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032946016030054.

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29

Shyr, H. J., and S. S. Yu. "2-Codes and 2-Code Annihilators." Semigroup Forum 56, no. 1 (January 1998): 36–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00233-002-7003-5.

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30

García, Ofelia. "Translanguaging: a coda to the code?" Classroom Discourse 10, no. 3-4 (October 1, 2019): 369–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19463014.2019.1638277.

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31

Yen, Chih-Ta, and Chih-Ming Chen. "BER Analysis Using Beat Probability Method of 3D Optical CDMA Networks with Double Balanced Detection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/456829.

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This study proposes novel three-dimensional (3D) matrices of wavelength/time/spatial code for code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) networks, with a double balanced detection mechanism. We construct 3D carrier-hopping prime/modified prime (CHP/MP) codes by extending a two-dimensional (2D) CHP code integrated with a one-dimensional (1D) MP code. The corresponding coder/decoder pairs were based on fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and tunable optical delay lines integrated with splitters/combiners. System performance was enhanced by the low cross correlation properties of the 3D code designed to avoid the beat noise phenomenon. The CHP/MP code cardinality increased significantly compared to the CHP code under the same bit error rate (BER). The results indicate that the 3D code method can enhance system performance because both the beating terms and multiple-access interference (MAI) were reduced by the double balanced detection mechanism. Additionally, the optical component can also be relaxed for high transmission scenery.

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32

Zhao, Chunli, Fengfan Yang, Daniel Kariuki Waweru, Chen Chen, Hongjun Xu, and Lin Luo. "Distributed Goppa-Coded Generalized Spatial Modulation: Optimized Design and Performance Study." Electronics 12, no. 11 (May 25, 2023): 2404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112404.

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The distributed Goppa-coded generalized spatial modulation (DGC-GSM) scheme with the source, relay, and destination in cooperative communications is proposed, where the source and relay adopt different Goppa codes. Goppa codes have many advantages such as the flexible codeword length, excellent code construction, and easy encoding and decoding complexity. At the relay, we select portions of the source information bits for further encoding. For each selection, the destination constructs a channel code. To obtain the best code in the destination, we propose the optimal information bit selection algorithm at the relay to choose the source information. However, Goppa codes with a large block length will impose high complexity on the optimal algorithm. Thus, the locally optimized selection algorithm is further proposed. At the destination, the joint decoding algorithm is adopted to recover the source information. Our simulated results indicate that the two selection algorithms proposed achieve better performance than the random selection method. This is because the optimized algorithms can generate the code with a larger minimum distance at the destination. Moreover, the proposed DGC-GSM scheme outperforms the non-cooperative system. Moreover, the DGC-GSM scheme can obtain the approximate performance with the distributed Goppa-coded spatial modulation (DGC-SM) scheme but has a significantly reduced transmit antenna number.

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33

Dozaki, Koji. "ICONE15-10809 COMPARISON OF DESIGN MARGIN FOR CORE SHROUD IN BETWEEN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION CODE AND FITNESS-FOR-SERVICE CODE." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE) 2007.15 (2007): _ICONE1510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicone.2007.15._icone1510_413.

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Loren, Errica Rostia, Rossalina Adi Wijayanti, and Nikmatun Nikmatun. "Analisis Faktor Penyebab Ketidaktepatan Kode Diagnosis Penyakit Diabetes Mellitus di Rumah Sakit Umum Haji Surabaya." J-REMI : Jurnal Rekam Medik dan Informasi Kesehatan 1, no. 3 (August 12, 2020): 129–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/j-remi.v1i3.1974.

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The accuracy of determining the disease diagnosis code is one of the important things that must beconsidered in carrying out the coding process of the patient's disease diagnosis made by the coder. Theaccuracy and inaccuracy of providing disease diagnosis codes will affect data and information in the healthservice process and reduce the quality of services in hospitals. Besides, in the era of National HealthInsurance (JKN), the accuracy of the diagnosis code was also very influential in financing at hospitals. Thisresearch was aimed to analyze the factors which cause the diagnosis code inaccuracy in Diabetes Mellitus inSurabaya Hajj General Hospital in 2019. This research used qualitative methods with data collectiontechniques such as interviews, observation, and literature studies. The number of samples used in the studywas 21 medical records of Diabetes Mellitus patients and 2 informants. The results of research on the medicalrecord documents of patients with Diabetes Mellitus found that the documents have an incorrect code of 13medical record documents (62%) and documents that have an exact code of 8 medical record documents(38%). The results of the analysis found were several factors that influence the inaccuracy of the code such ascoder's competency, coder's knowledge, as well as the experience of coder and medical record document,both the completeness of the filling and the documentation. The solution that can be proposed by theresearcher is to included the coder and medical personnel in training and outreach related to thedetermination of diagnosis code, especially Diabetes Mellitus.

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35

Hemming, Andrew. "When is a Code a Code?" Deakin Law Review 15, no. 1 (September 1, 2010): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/dlr2010vol15no1art117.

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<p>This paper will develop the proposition that criminal codes in Australia are misnamed because they fail the fundamental test for a code of comprehensively stating the criminal law in one statute. This contention applies to all codes from the Griffith Codes of Queensland, Western Australia, Tasmania and the Northern Territory to the more recently minted Criminal Code 1995 (Cth). The reason for such failure is that all the codes are too sparsely written, and, due to inadequate definitional detail or statement of the appropriate tests to be applied, judges are required to have recourse to the common law to ‘fill in the blanks’ left by the code. It is here argued that a code needs to be structured with the objective of keeping statutory interpretation within the four corners of the code. Bland injunctions that recourse to the common law is permissible only when the meaning is uncertain or where a prior technical meaning existed are wholly inadequate.<br />The paper sets out a series of examples which cover both offences and defences (such as causation and provocation) and which are intended to demonstrate the appropriate level of detail required to meet the conventional definition of a true code without sacrificing clarity. These examples should be viewed as templates for use in a variety of contexts, supporting the proposition that clarity, not confusion, can result from more detailed drafting. Drafting of this kind, which is directed at incorporating the relevant tests that the legislature accepts as appropriate, reduces reliance on secondary material such as second reading speeches. Secondly, it firmly tilts the legislature-judiciary ‘partnership’ in favour of the legislature (as a true code should) leaving the judiciary to explain the tests to the jury rather than to select which tests are appropriate. In this way at least consistency within a code, rather than uniformity across codes, can be promoted.</p>

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36

Morin, Fernand. "Effets combinatoires de deux codes : Code du travail et Code civil du Québec." Articles 49, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 227–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050935ar.

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Depuis le 1er janvier 1994, Québec s'est doté d'un nouveau Code civil qui établit, en harmonie avec les chartes, le droit commun applicable aux rapports entre les personnes. Ainsi se pose la question de l'harmonisation de ces règles à celles qui régissent les rapports particuliers entre employeurs, syndicats et salariés. La question est d'autant plus intéressante que ce nouveau Code civil traite directement de la relation de travail et qu'il ne comporte aucune réserve à l'endroit du Code du travail et des conventions collectives. L'arrivée de ce nouveau Code civil imposera une délicate gestion des conflits de droit en raison de l'inévitable rencontre de ces deux codes, Code civil et Code du travail, et de leur acte respectif, le contrat de travail et la convention collective.

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TAJIMA, Masato, Koji OKINO, and Takashi MIYAGOSHI. "Simultaneous Code/Error-Trellis Reduction for Convolutional Codes Using Shifted Code/Error-Subsequences." IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E94-A, no. 12 (2011): 2894–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transfun.e94.a.2894.

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38

Robinson, Paul H., Peter D. Greene, and Natasha R. Goldstein. "Making Criminal Codes Functional: A Code of Conduct and a Code of Adjudication." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) 86, no. 2 (1996): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1144029.

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39

Shim, Yong-Geol. "An Efficient Decoding Algorithm for Block Codes Based on the Communication Channel Reliability Information." Emerging Science Journal 4, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 336–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2020-01235.

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For channel codes in communication systems, an efficient algorithm that controls error is proposed. It is an algorithm for soft decision decoding of block codes. The sufficient conditions to obtain the optimum decoding are deduced so that the efficient method which explores candidate code words can be presented. The information vector of signal space codes has isomorphic coherence. The path metric in the coded demodulator is the selected components of scaled regions. The carrier decision is derived by the normalized metric of synchronized space. An efficient algorithm is proposed based on the method. The algorithm finds out a group of candidate code words, in which the most likely one is chosen as a decoding result. The algorithm reduces the complexity, which is the number of candidate code words. It also increases the probability that the correct code word is included in the candidate code words. It is shown that both the error probability and the complexity are reduced. The positions of the first hard-decision decoded errors and the positions of the unreliable bits are carefully examined. From this examination, the candidate codewords are efficiently searched for. The aim of this paper is to reduce the required number of hard-decision decoding and to lower the block error probability.

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40

HURMAN, Ivan, Kira BOBROVNIKOVA, Leonid BEDRATYUK, and Hanna BEDRATYUK. "APPROACH FOR CODE ANALYSIS TO ESTIMATE POWER CONSUMPTION OF CUDA CORE." Herald of Khmelnytskyi National University. Technical sciences 217, no. 1 (February 23, 2023): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5732-2023-317-1-67-73.

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The graphics processing unit is a popular computing device for achieving exascale performance in high-performance computing programs, which is used not only in graphics tasks, but also in computational tasks such as machine learning, scientific computing, and cryptography. With the help of a graphics processor, you can achieve significant speed and performance compared to the central processing unit. CUDA, Compute Unified Device Architecture, a graphics processing unit software development platform, allows developers to use the high-performance computing capabilities of graphics processing units to solve problems traditionally handled by central processing units. Even though the graphics processing unit has a relatively high power to performance ratio, it consumes a significant amount of power during computing. The paper proposes an approach for code analysis to estimate power consumption of CUDA core to improve the power efficiency of applications focused on computing on graphics processing units. The proposed approach makes it possible to estimate the power consumption of such applications without the need to run them on physical devices. The proposed approach is based on static analysis of the CUDA program and machine learning methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, three graphics processing unit architectures were used: NVIDIA PASCAL, NVIDIA TURING, and NVIDIA AMPERE. The results of the experiments showed that for the NVIDIA AMPERE architecture, the proposed approach using decision trees makes it possible to achieve a determination coefficient of 0.9173. The results obtained confirm the effectiveness of the proposed code analysis method for estimating the power consumption of the CUDA core. This method can be useful for CUDA developers who want to improve the efficiency and power efficiency of their programs.

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41

Molinier, Pascale. "Code vestimentaire « Dress code »." Travailler 12, no. 2 (2004): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/trav.012.0187.

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42

Stix, Gary. "Code of the Code." Scientific American 284, no. 4 (April 2001): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0401-37.

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43

Harder, Jan, and Nils Göde. "Cloned code: stable code." Journal of Software: Evolution and Process 25, no. 10 (March 27, 2012): 1063–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smr.1551.

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Uli, Uli Shalatiya, Lily Widjaja Lily, Laela Indawati Laela, and Noor Yulia Noor. "Tinjauan Kelengkapan Penulisan dan Ketepatan Kode External Cause Kasus Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas di Siloam Hospital Kebon Jeruk." COMSERVA Indonesian Jurnal of Community Services and Development 2, no. 3 (July 30, 2022): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.59141/comserva.v2i3.249.

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In giving a code to a traffic accident case, it must be equipped with an external cause code, these external factors need attention because they are the cause of problems that need intervention in preventing, overcoming injuries, poisoning, or certain diseases. The purpose of this study is to identify the SOP for giving external cause codes for traffic accidents, calculate the completeness of external causes, measure the accuracy of the external cause code, find out the factors causing the inaccuracy of the external cause code. The research method is a quantitative descriptive method. The results showed that Siloam Hospital Kebon Jeruk did not yet have a special SOP for external causes for traffic accidents and from 64 samples of medical records it was known that the completeness of writing external causes was 57.81% and 42.19% were incomplete. The accuracy of the diagnostic code and the external cause is 64.96% and the incorrect is 35.04%. The factors causing the code inaccuracy are the lack of accuracy of the coder officer when giving the external cause code, the unclear writing of the doctor and the incomplete writing of the external cause, the absence of a special SPO for special coding for traffic accidents, and the SIMRS being inadequate to use the activity code which is a character code for traffic accidents. 5. The conclusion of this study is that the hospital does not have a special SOP for giving external cause codes to traffic accident patients, writing completeness is 57.81%, coding accuracy is 64.96%.

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45

Vanderlinden, Jacques. "Qu’est-ce qu’un code ?" Les Cahiers de droit 46, no. 1-2 (April 12, 2005): 29–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043827ar.

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Historiquement, avant 1804, le code se présente sous une forme double : recueil de sources formelles de droit, le plus souvent de législation, d’une part, fusion de l’ensemble des sources du droit en un texte nouveau consacré à une branche du droit, d’autre part. Ce n’est qu’aux XVIe et XVII e siècles que la seconde acception se manifeste en Europe occidentale, les siècles antérieurs suivant l’exemple romain du recueil de sources. Il faut attendre le XVIII e siècle, en Bavière pour que soient promulgués sous le nom latin de codex trois codes (civil, pénal et de procédure), préfigurations dans la forme et le nom des codes napoléoniens. Ceux-ci déclencheront, par mimétisme volontaire ou forcé, le mouvement de codification du XIXe siècle, sans que s’interrompe pour autant la confection de codes de sources.

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46

Utami, Yeni Tri, Muhammad Amin bin Sahari, Warsi Maryati, and Dina Tri Wahyuni. "Accuracy of Outpatient Diagnosis Code Based on ICD – 10." Proceedings of the International Conference on Nursing and Health Sciences 3, no. 1 (May 28, 2022): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.37287/picnhs.v3i1.1133.

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The accuracy of the diagnostic code plays an important role in the accuracy of the INA-CBG's rates. Outpatient BPJS patient visits at the Astrini Wonogiri General Hospital reached 7,967 patients in 2020, which have superior polyclinics, namely Orthopedic poly and Cardiology poly. Based on a preliminary survey, the percentage of inaccurate in the diagnosis coding for outpatients in the Orthopedic poly reached 90% and the Cardiology poly 30%. The high inaccuracy of the diagnostic code can lead to a decrease in the quality of services in hospitals and affect the sources of reporting information and health service rates. This study aims to determine the accuracy of the outpatient diagnosis code based on ICD 10 at the Astrini Wonogiri General Hospital. This type of research is descriptive with a retrospective approach. The population in this study was 5284 documents, with a sample of 131 documents using the Simple Random Sampling technique. Methods of collecting data by means of observation and interviews. The analysis of the accuracy of this outpatient diagnosis code is interpreted as a percentage. The results of the research on the outpatient diagnosis coding procedure at the Astrini Wonogiri General Hospital in accordance with the SPO, by looking at the Participant Eligibility Letter, Certificate of Evidence of Service, CPPT form (Integrated Patient Progress Record) and Supporting Examination Sheets. The results of the percentage accuracy of the diagnostic code for outpatients in orthopedic poly are 89% (59 DRM) inaccurate codes, 11% (7 DRM) accurate, can be grouped into 2 inaccurate code classifications, namely incorrect code selection and lack of character code additions 5. The percentage accuracy of the diagnosis code for cardiac outpatients is an inaccurate score of 14% (9 DRM), 86% accurate (56 DRM) can be grouped into 2 classifications of inaccurate codes, namely, incorrect code selection and lack of character code additions 4. Factors causing the inaccuracy of the code include the doctor in writing the diagnosis that is not clear so it is difficult to read, the coder doubles as a casemix, assembling and reporting officer, causing a lack of accuracy in reading the sheets containing additional information that support the accuracy of the code. The conclusion from the results of the study is that the inaccuracy of the outpatient diagnosis code at RSU Astrini Wonogiri is still high, so it is necessary to re-socialize related to the SPO for writing diagnoses to doctors, and there is a clear division of job disks so that the coder burden is not too high and more thorough in coding to produce a accurate diagnosis code.

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47

Zhang, Lan, Hao Hu, Yi Fang, and Zhenyu Qiang. "Code Compliance in Reinforce Concrete Design: A Comparative Study of USA Code (ACI) and Chinese Code (GB)." Advances in Civil Engineering 2021 (May 25, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5517332.

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The structural engineering codes dictate the design criteria of the facility. Given that different countries use different parameters to design a facility, different codes are followed. Current code comparison focus on the clauses analysis in the code gives theoretical guideline. When the US facility design team needs to make a decision to follow which code to in China, the current study cannot provide a business decision input. This study evaluates the design process to illustrate when and where the codes will be applied and calculated through a design process where the loading and coefficient factors of different codes are analyzed. Software programs built-in codes are then used to design the structure to obtain the structure result in terms of volume of the concrete and weight of the rebar being calculated. The study also presents a case study and calculates that the United States code uses 8–10% more rebar compared to the Chinese code. The study result can be a reference for the project management team who has to make a business decision over which code to be followed at what cost. The paper also identifies the choice of the seismic coefficient factor has a significant impact on the usage of the rebar and might be justified for the future study.

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48

Rumilah, Siti, and Intan Ayu Linda. "Campur Kode Ceramah Ustadzah Mumpuni Handayani: Analisis Sosiolinguistik." SULUK: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, dan Budaya 1, no. 2 (February 26, 2020): 94–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/suluk.2019.1.2.94-99.

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This study aims to determine the use of code mixing in the video study of Ustazah Mumpuni Handayayekti by using the analysis of sociolinguistic theories. The results of this study are using mixed code in lecturing Ustadzah Mumpuni Handayayekti into the use of: (1) mixed code of Javanese word forms, (2) mixed code of Javanese clause form codes, (3) mixed code of Balinese word forms, and (4) mixed code phrase of Javanese language. In addition, mixing the code out on the use (1) mixed form codes for Arabic clauses, (2) mixed form codes for Arabic words, (3) mixed form codes for Arabic phrases, and (4) mixed form codes for Indonesian words. Mixing the code in and mixing the code out used by Ustadzah Mumpuni Handayayekti in his lecture, shows that he is a multilingual speaker and can use variations of language well in the right context.

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Delfosse, Nicolas, and Matthew B. Hastings. "Union-Find Decoders For Homological Product Codes." Quantum 5 (March 10, 2021): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2021-03-10-406.

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Homological product codes are a class of codes that can have improved distance while retaining relatively low stabilizer weight. We show how to build union-find decoders for these codes, using a union-find decoder for one of the codes in the product and a brute force decoder for the other code. We apply this construction to the specific case of the product of a surface code with a small code such as a [[4,2,2]] code, which we call an augmented surface code. The distance of the augmented surface code is the product of the distance of the surface code with that of the small code, and the union-find decoder, with slight modifications, can decode errors up to half the distance. We present numerical simulations, showing that while the threshold of these augmented codes is lower than that of the surface code, the low noise performance is improved.

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50

Abu Hanif, Mohammad. "A Modiﬁed Approach to Punctured Product Polar Codes". Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology 3 (30 вересня 2019): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2019.132219.

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A high-performance polar code introduced as a product polar code can be constructed by concatenating two short length polar codes. The punctured structure of this code was achieved by puncturing one of its constituent codes. The constructed polar code provided better performance than a single polar code in the error ﬂoor region. However, its performance in the waterfall region was not as good as that of single polar codes. This paper proposes a new puncturing algorithm for product codes constructed by two identical polar codes. Puncturing is conducted on both constituent codes, to ensure that the new code outperforms the previously punctured product polar and single polar codes. This is evident in both waterfall and error ﬂoor regions.

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