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Статті в журналах з теми "Irrigation goutte à goutte – Technique"
Ould Mohamed El-Hafedh, A. V., H. Daghari, and M. Maalej. "Etude comparative de la disponibilité de l'eau en irrigation goutte à goutte." Irrigation and Drainage 50, no. 3 (July 25, 2001): 205–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.16.
Повний текст джерелаPicard, J. D., F. Outters, J. B. Chareyras, and M. Gualino. "A propos d'une technique thermale de Châtel-Guyon : mise en évidence radiographique de la remontée colique du goutte-à-goutte intestinal." Journal français d’hydrologie 16, no. 1 (1985): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/water/19851601023.
Повний текст джерелаGidudu, A. M., Dominique Cuisance, Jean-Marc Reifenberg, and Jean-Louis Frézil. "Amélioration de la technique de salivation des glossines pour la détection des métatrypanosomes infectants : étude de quelques facteurs biologiques et non biologiques sur le comportement de sondage des glossines." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 48, no. 2 (February 1, 1995): 153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9467.
Повний текст джерелаPothin, M. P., C. Lucido, L. Blottière, L. Petit, F. Masson, V. Cottenceau, A. Léger, et al. "Stabilité hémodynamique lors des relais de seringues électriques de noradrénaline : comparaison de la technique dite « à la goutte » à celle par double seringue." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 32 (September 2013): A419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annfar.2013.07.778.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Irrigation goutte à goutte – Technique"
Benouniche, Maya. "Une innovation technique en train de se faire. Le goutte à goutte en pratique au Maroc : acteurs, bricolages et efficiences." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20176/document.
Повний текст джерелаAbstract Promoted as the most efficient irrigation technology, able to contribute to solving the major current water crises, drip irrigation spreads quickly throughout the world. The perspective of an idealized technology with a theoretical efficiency studied in experimental stations without users struck us immediately. Rejecting a normative view of drip irrigation (what it should be/do), we studied it in practice, interacting with a multitude of actors focusing on what it does and for whom. Our objective is to analyse how the practice of this technical innovation has changed the technology and the socio-professional pathways of different actors involved in drip irrigation, and analyse the impact on actual irrigation efficiencies. We show how local actors took control of the innovation taking responsibility in spheres once thought reserved for engineers in the production, use and dissemination of innovation. These local initiatives crossed and strengthened state development programs promoting drip irrigation. The technology attracted a large number of non-conventional actors who changed the technology, but also changed themselves. The successful diffusion of drip irrigation ensures their socio-professional promotion, and they in turn will attract more users to the world of drip irrigation. This constitutes the strength of drip irrigation, which is a technical object around which powerful socio-technical networks were built. Bricolage helped design systems better suited to local conditions, but was also a learning process to incorporate change. From an imported technology accessible to a minority of large farmers, a plurality of drip systems is now accessible for a wide diversity of farmers. Finally, the performance of irrigation systems is heterogeneous, some farmers irrigating 3-4 times the volume necessary for crop water requirements. This performance can be explained by irrigation practices favouring a water comfort to crops, reflecting the logic of the actors. Today, "water saving" is an unattainable goal, as it is not a priority for any of the actors, including the state. We conclude that it would be interesting to engage non-conventional actors as allies in order to promote the concept of water saving on the field with users
Albasha, Rami. "Evaluation de la productivité de l’eau d’irrigation par la modélisation : le cas du maïs sous goutte-à-goutte enterré en sol limoneux profond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, AgroParisTech, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AGPT0025.
Повний текст джерелаThe "more crop per drop" paradigm is behind considerable efforts to increasing the productivity of water consumed in irrigated agriculture. In this context, the evaluation of the agronomic performances of irrigation techniques and their ability to reduce the water consumption is a prerequisite for optimizing water use in irrigated agriculture. This thesis explores the potentials of Subsurface Drip Irrigation (SDI) within a modeling framework to evaluate its agronomic performance under various soil and climatic contexts.Many crop models allow today the prediction of crop yields as a function of, inter alia, the climatic conditions, the type of soil, the availability of water, of nutrient, and agricultural practices. These crop models usually couple the water and solute transfer processes in the soil to crop development. The water uptake of plant roots plays herein a key role of joining the processes in soil to those of the plant.Despite the strong spatial and temporal variability of the activity of root uptake, this activity is often presented in crop models with empirical “static” functions: the spatial distribution of water uptake depends on a predefined distribution of root density, but not on the type of irrigation. These empirical functions are found to be suitable for the simulation of root uptake when water is brought to the surface (sprinkler irrigation, gravity, etc.). However, their legitimacy under drip irrigation remains to be demonstrated.This thesis evaluates the performance of the empirical approaches for modeling root water uptake under drip irrigation, with the ultimate objective of introducing a simple crop model suitable for this technique.From the one hand, the role of the function defining the spatial distribution of root density is explored. Numerical simulations supported by field experiments allowed analyzing the phenomenon of "compensatory water uptake", which is exacerbated under localized irrigation. Considering this phenomenon in modeling was necessary for adequately predicting water consumption of the crop, the distribution of water in the soil, and especially drainage fluxes under SDI.From the other hand, the findings from the first study are taken into account in the development of SDICM, Subsurface Drip Irrigation Crop Model. SDICM is couples bidirectional water transfer process in the soil to crop growth. This model was confronted with field observations which allowed putting forward the importance of root water uptake process in the prediction of water profiles in cropped soils.Finally, an application example was conducted where the water productivity of maize under different pedo-climatic conditions was assessed using SDICM and a capacitive type model. The purpose of the comparison is to highlight the importance of simulating bidirectional soil-water transfer in the context of SDI
Létourneau, Guillaume. "Approche multicritère d'optimisation de l'irrigation goutte-à-goutte du fraisier." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/33286.
Повний текст джерелаBecause of the growing competition for limited water resources between the domestic, industrial, commercial and agricultural sectors, the development of water-efficient irrigation practices is very important. Day-neutral strawberry is considered a crop with high water and fertilizers requirements. This culture is mainly irrigated with sub-surface drip irrigation systems for which irrigation management requires a high skill level and a constant attention. Otherwise, the risks of productivity losses and deep percolation of water are substantial. The objective of this study is the determination of optimal drip-irrigation system configuration and management parameters for strawberry production through experimental and numerical modelling approaches. The first part of this study describes production-scale experiments conducted at sites with contrasting cropping systems, climatic conditions and soil types. The main objective was the determination of optimal matric potential-based irrigation initiation thresholds with respect to crop productivity and water use efficiency. Randomized complete blok experiments were conducted at four sites. Two sites, (one silty-clay loam and one clay loam) were in the Province of Québec, Canada and two (one sandy loam and one clay loam) in California, USA. For the first sites, the effects on yield and water use efficiency of the irrigation thresholds were limited but matric potential-based management resulted in a reduction of deep percolation. For the Californian sites, the results showed that a threshold in the -15 to -10 kPa range lead to significant increases in crop yield and water use efficiency. Altogether, it was shown that an irrigation initiation threshold of -10 kPa was a suitable value for most soils and climatic conditions. The second part of this study simultaneously explored the effects of irrigation management scale and water application method on crop yield and water use efficiency. A field experiment was conducted in the Province of Québec; the soil type was a silty-clay loam with an important proportion of coarse rock fragments. The results showed that the soil hydraulic properties did not present any structured spatial patterns that could be used to delineate irrigation management zones. Physically based calculations of a critical matric potential in the root zone allowed to evaluate the magnitude of the differences in soil hydraulic properties required to justify a site-specific irrigation. The significant positive impact of a pulsed water application on crop yield and water use efficiency was also demonstrated. For the third part of this study, an approach allowing the simultaneous optimization of drip-irrigation system design and management parameters for strawberry production in a coarse soil was developed. A numerical model was used to predict the impacts of design and management parameters on 1) root uptake efficiency 2) applied irrigation water and 3) percolation below the root zone. The model was calibrated and validated with field observations of the root zone soil water potential. A sensitivity analysis allowed to evaluate the relative impacts of design and management parameters on single model outputs and on an optimization criterion calculated from multiple outputs. The results showed that the selection of an adapted application rate and irrigation duration had much more influence on model outputs than the irrigation threshold. Model predictions were used to identify optimal scenarios for the studied site and assess the potential of an alternate system configuration. The approached presented could be adapted to other cropping systems.
Bergeron, Daniel. "Régie de l'irrigation goutte à goutte dans la production de fraises à jours neutres au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27505/27505.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMubarak, Ibrahim. "Caractérisation des paramètres hydrodynamiques du sol sous irrigation localisée : analyse de leur évolution spatio-temporelle : application à la modélisation." Grenoble INPG, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPG0046.
Повний текст джерелаSoil water flows under drip irrigation are heavily reliant on soil hydraulic properties. The main objectives of this thesis are to assess the spatio-temporal change in soil hydraulic properties on drip-irrigated fields, and to analyze their impacts on the water flow through modelling. Soil hydraulic properties, determined by the Beerkan method, underwent changes during the drip-irrigated cropping cycle. These changes were defined as irrigation effects and root growth. A geostatistical analysis was used to examine the stability of the spatial structure of soil hydraulic properties, independent of the infiltration method but dependent on the method of soil hydraulic parameterization. The analytical and numerical simulations show that spatio-temporal changes in topsoil hydraulic properties has no significant effect on soil moisture distribution under our agro-pedo-climatic conditions. The role of soil seems limited to that of a simple exchange factor between the emitters and the roots
Nuntagij, Itthisuntorn. "Automatisation de l'irrigation au goutte à goutte de la tomate cultivée en sol et hors-sol sous serre." Toulouse, INPT, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPT026A.
Повний текст джерелаRoux, Philippe. "L'aide au pilotage des irrigations : intérêts et limites de l'approche par les systèmes experts." Montpellier 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON20287.
Повний текст джерелаBarakat, Mohammad. "Maîtrise de l’azote en système irrigué : application au contexte méditerranéen." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSET004/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main goal in modern agriculture is the control of nitrogen fluxes in agricultural soils under the irrigation techniques. This objective requires a lot of research, especially in the field, to escort an optimal strategy of fertigation. For this purpose, an experimental protocol has been applied to follow the soil nitrogen fate for various irrigation and fertilization scenarios, during two intensive field campaigns in maize plots. In the articulation of our work, and to be able to examine the nitrogen dynamics in unsaturated agricultural soils under irrigated systems, we succeeded firstly to determine and clarify the ambiguous relation between the irrigation techniques (flood irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, surface and subsurface drip irrigation) and the different nitrogen transformations (Fixation, Mineralization, Immobilization, Nitrification, Denitrification and Volatilization) in agricultural contexts. This relationship, which is unclear and untreated in other similar studies, has been reviewed by studying the impact of certain factors, such as soil moisture and soil temperature under different irrigation techniques, on microbial soil activity and therefore on the nitrogen transformations (such as mineralization). A significant difference of mineralization was observed in maize plots with no fertilizer application treatment between sprinkler irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation. The experimental data collected have been used to analyze the water and nitrogen fluxes for various initial conditions and fertilisation strategies under sprinkler and subsurface drip irrigation by using the HYDRUS-2D model. Analyzing the sensitivity of nitrogen fluxes parameters using HYDRUS-2D allowed to estimate the nitrogen dynamics under more complex agro-pedoclimatic contexts. In conclusion, the present study allowed to improve the fertilization knowledge under both the sprinkler and subsurface drip irrigation in a Mediterranean environment
Isberie, Carole. "Contribution du sol à l'alimentation hydrique d'un verger de cerisiers micro-irrigué selon un pilotage tensiométrique." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20127.
Повний текст джерелаMursec, Mateja. "Influence de différentes pratiques agricoles sur la qualité et la santé des sols : étude de cas sur des vergers slovènes irrigués ou en agriculture biologique." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00708232.
Повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Irrigation goutte à goutte – Technique"
BERTUCCI, Marie-Madeleine, and Mounia ILLOURMANNE. "Transcrire un corpus audio dans la perspective de la préservation du patrimoine culturel immatériel." In Corpus audiovisuels, 115–24. Editions des archives contemporaines, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.5704.
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