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Chao, Hsien-Wen, Hua-Hsuan Chen, and Tsun-Hsu Chang. "Measuring the Complex Permittivities of Plastics in Irregular Shapes." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 10, 2021): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162658.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This work presents the measurement of the complex permittivities of high density polyethylene (HDPE), linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), Nylon, and thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV) in irregular shapes at the microwave frequency. A Teflon sample holder was employed to pack irregularly shaped plastic materials with various volumetric percentages. The samples were put into a resonant cavity with an enhanced electric field in its center, which is known as the enhanced-field method (EFM). The resonant frequencies and the quality factors at different volumetric percentages were measured by a network analyzer and compared with simulated results using a full-wave simulator (high-frequency structure simulator (HFSS)). Three simulation models, layer, ring, and hybrid, are proposed and compared with the experimental results. It is found that the hybrid model (denoted as Z5R5) with five heights and five radii in the partition is the most suitable. The complex permittivities of six plastic materials were evaluated by the contour maps of the HFSS simulation using the hybrid model. The measured complex permittivities of the irregularly shaped polymers agree well with their counterparts in bulk form.
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Tikhanychev, Oleg Vasilyevich. "Clarification of the structure of “hybrid forces”." Национальная безопасность / nota bene, no. 1 (January 2021): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0668.2021.1.33387.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The subject of this research is the “hybrid wars”, while the object is the “hybrid forces” as a means of conducting hybrid wars. The author establishes that that currently in assessment of “hybrid forces”, the latter imply military and irregular formations opposing on the battlefield. At the same time, the analysis of the content of “hybrid wars” demonstrates that the structure of “hybrid forces” should be understood in a broader sense, considering procurement and all-round support, including those carried out covertly. This approach provides a more accurate assessment of “hybrid wars” and its actors. The main conclusion of consists in the proposal to expand the structure of “hybrid forces”, alight in with the structure of modern” hybrid” conflicts. The novelty of this research lies in the fact that based on clarification of the actors and structure of “hybrid forces”, the author formulates recommendations on clarification of the mechanisms for assessing course of “hybrid” wars, analysis of the possible vectors for “hybrid” actions; as well as underlines the need for regulation of international legislation in the area of conducting armed conflicts and their actors. The analysis of open sources describing the subject area shows that this problem was not previously solved in such a statement
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Yujian, Wang, Tan Shaowei, Dong Weiwei, and Jing Wenpeng. "Research on 3D Modeling Method Based on Hybrid Octree Structure." Open Electrical & Electronic Engineering Journal 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2014): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874129001408010323.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With studying deeply of the three-dimensional modeling method, this paper proposed a hybrid data model which based on Octree,the four fork tree and NURBS. The characteristic of fast convergence of Octree is used to segment the 3D entity. Describe the irregular surface of entity by NURBS, and restructure the local mesh surface. The model uses the mixture data structure of Octree and four fork tree to restructure mesh surface gradually. The storage structure is the Octree structure type; establish Hash table based on octal prefix code. Finally, an experimental model system is designed by using OpenGL. The feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm has been verified.
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Wu, Di, Yoshihiro Yamazaki, and Hiroyasu Sakata. "Dual Equivalent Lateral Force Method for Low-Rise Wooden Horizontal Hybrid Structure with Rigid Core." Shock and Vibration 2018 (December 17, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1940706.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hybrid structure has shown some great features in the earthquake-resistant design. However, due to the different properties between the combined building systems, the distributions of structural mass and stiffness are prevalently irregular in breadth or height, which makes the widely used equivalent lateral force (ELF) method powerless to predict the seismic shear force of such hybrid structure. This study proposed a simple design procedure for determining the concerned seismic shear force of low-rise wooden horizontal hybrid structure in the preliminary linear design. The dual equivalent lateral force (DELF) method is presented that permits the extension of the ELF method by separating the hybrid structure into two independent substructures. It is shown that the proposed DELF method is sufficient to provide a reasonable estimation of the seismic shear force with satisfied accuracy.
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Fradet, Alain, Jiazhong Chen, Karl-Heinz Hellwich, Kazuyuki Horie, Jaroslav Kahovec, Werner Mormann, Robert F. T. Stepto, Jiří Vohlídal, and Edward S. Wilks. "Nomenclature and terminology for dendrimers with regular dendrons and for hyperbranched polymers (IUPAC Recommendations 2017)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 91, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 523–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2016-1217.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The present document provides recommendations for (i) definitions of terms related to dendrimers with regular dendrons and to hyperbranched polymers, and (ii) nomenclature for naming these complex compounds on the basis of structure-based nomenclature for regular and irregular organic polymers, including adjustments required for specifying dendritic and hyperbranched macromolecular structures. The recommendations and the examples deal with organic-chemical structures only. Nevertheless, the general principles described in this document can similarly be applied to inorganic and to hybrid inorganic-organic dendrimers and hyperbranched macromolecules.
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Jaworski, Łukasz, Alexander Shkarovskiy, and Aleksandr Chernykh. "An Improved Method of Serial Balancing of Hybrid Boiler Station Systems." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 23 (2021): 214–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54740/ros.2021.014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a prototype of a thermo-hydraulic distributor for a hybrid boiler station supplying a small hotel in Koszalin. The task of the device was to balance the hybrid system with four circuits with different operating parameters, also changing in an extremely irregular manner. A prototype of a thermo-hydraulic distributor with improved internal structure was developed, ensuring the operation of the device in accordance with the temperature logic. Dimensions of the device have been calculated in accordance with the existing design principles of hydraulic distributors.
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Lewińska, Agnieszka, Marta Domżał-Kędzia, Kinga Kierul, Michał Bochynek, Dominika Pannert, Piotr Nowaczyk, and Marcin Łukaszewicz. "Targeted Hybrid Nanocarriers as a System Enhancing the Skin Structure." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 18, 2021): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26041063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The skin is constantly exposed to external and internal factors that disturb its function. In this work, two nanosystems-levan nanoparticles and a surfactin-stabilized nanoemulsion were preserved (tested for microbial growth) and characterized (size, polydispersity, Zeta potential, and stability). The nanosystems were introduced in the model formulations-cream, tonic, and gel, and confirmed by TEM. The analysis showed that nanoemulsion has a spherical morphology and size 220–300 nm, while levan nanoparticles had irregular shapes independently of the use of matrix and with particle size (130–260 nm). Additionally, we examined the antiradical effect of levan nanoparticles and nanoemulsion in the prototype of formulations by scavenging DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; EPR spectroscopy). The model cream with both nanosystems and the whole range of products with nanosystems were evaluated in vivo for hydration, elasticity, smoothness, wrinkles and vascular lesions, discoloration, respectively. The cream improved skin condition in all tested parameters in at least 50% of volunteers. The use of more comprehensive care, additionally consisting of a tonic and gel, reduced the previously existing skin discoloration to 10.42 ± 0.58%. The presented prototype formulations are promising in improving skin conditions.
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Zhang, Hong Mei, Xi Lin Lu, and Chun Guang Meng. "Experimental and Simulation Study of a Hybrid Frame Structure with Viscous Dampers." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 894–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.894.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A Concrete-filled Rectangular Steel Tube (CRST) frame structure is studied in this paper by shaking table model test and nonlinear simulation. A number of viscous dampers are employed to insure the function of the building especially under seismic action for some of the main vertical elements of the building are not continuous. A shaking table test of a scaled model was conducted under different earthquake waves to investigate the structural behavior. And the nonlinear time-history analysis for the shaking table test model was also carried out by finite element analysis program according to the shaking table test. The simulation model was constructed in accordance with the tested specimen and the simulation effect was then validated by the tested results. To sum up, (1) there are no obvious weak stories on the damping equipped structure; (2) the dampers can reduce the displacement of the irregular to a certain degree.
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Akça, Irfan, and Ahmet Tuğrul Basokur. "Extraction of structure-based geoelectric models by hybrid genetic algorithms." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 1 (January 2010): F15—F22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3273851.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A major difficulty in electrical resistivity imaging is the identification of the lithologic units, especially in the sedimentary environments. The geologic interpretation generally is realized by visual inspection of the final resistivity section. Although sharp boundary inversion techniques based on a local linearization could allow the delineation of interfaces between geologic units, these techniques will succeed only if an initial model already close to the best solution is available. Stochastic algorithms might localize a point around the global minimum of the misfit function; however, they are not efficient at finding the precise solution. For this reason, our previously published hybrid genetic algorithms, derived from evolution theories, are used to verify structure-based models. The geometric parameters are defined by thickness values of the lithologic units at control points distributed along the horizontal axis. A zero thickness value indicates the nonexistence of a certain unit at the corresponding con-trol point. An unstructured grid composed of irregular triangles is constructed by the application of Delaunay triangulations to represent complicated structural boundaries. In addition, the computation time for the calculation of model response is reduced greatly by this strategy. Because the suggested parameterization reduces the number of unknown parameters to a few tens and the computation time for the model responses is reduced by the Delaunay triangulation, the implementation of hybrid genetic algorithms for 2D problems becomes possible. A huge number of models are generated randomly in the first generation (a population of parameters) and then updated in subsequent generations by the simulation of biological processes. The suggested algorithms consist of two computational phases. In the first stage, the physical property of each subsurface layer is represented by a distinct resistivity value. After some succeeding genera-tions, laterally varying resistivities within the same lithologic unit are permitted to simulate lateral changes in geologic conditions.
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Zhang, Jun. "Hybrid Wave Models and Their Applications for Steep Ocean Waves." Marine Technology Society Journal 33, no. 3 (January 1, 1999): 15–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/mtsj.33.3.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bound-wave components resulting from inter-actions among free-wave components have significant effects on resultant wave properties, especially in a steep ocean wave field. Hybrid Wave Models (HWM) distinguish the bound-wave from free-wave components in the decomposition of an irregular wave field as well as the prediction of its resultant proper-ties. To ensure the convergence, the HWMs selectively use the conventional and phase modulation approaches to address the nonlinear interactions between-free-wave components of different frequency ratios. The models are able to predict resultant wave properties accurately and deterministically based on the time-series measurements at fixed points. Four examples of their applications to the prediction of wave properties and wave-structure interactions are presented, which demonstrate the usefulness of HWMs to the studies of ocean surface waves.
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Ke, Qingtian, and Peng Zhang. "Hybrid-TransCD: A Hybrid Transformer Remote Sensing Image Change Detection Network via Token Aggregation." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 11, no. 4 (April 17, 2022): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi11040263.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Existing optical remote sensing image change detection (CD) methods aim to learn an appropriate discriminate decision by analyzing the feature information of bitemporal images obtained at the same place. However, the complex scenes in high-resolution (HR) remote images cause unsatisfied results, especially for some irregular and occluded objects. Although recent self-attention-driven change detection models with CNN achieve promising effects, the computational and consumed parameters costs emerge as an impassable gap for HR images. In this paper, we utilize a transformer structure replacing self-attention to learn stronger feature representations per image. In addition, concurrent vision transformer models only consider tokenizing single-dimensional image tokens, thus failing to build multi-scale long-range interactions among features. Here, we propose a hybrid multi-scale transformer module for HR remote images change detection, which fully models representation attentions at hybrid scales of each image via a fine-grained self-attention mechanism. The key idea of the hybrid transformer structure is to establish heterogeneous semantic tokens containing multiple receptive fields, thus simultaneously preserving large object and fine-grained features. For building relationships between features without embedding with token sequences from the Siamese tokenizer, we also introduced a hybrid difference transformer decoder (HDTD) layer to further strengthen multi-scale global dependencies of high-level features. Compared to capturing single-stream tokens, our HDTD layer directly focuses representing differential features without increasing exponential computational cost. Finally, we propose a cascade feature decoder (CFD) for aggregating different-dimensional upsampling features by establishing difference skip-connections. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method, experiments on two HR remote sensing CD datasets are conducted. Compared to state-of-the-art methods, our Hybrid-TransCD achieved superior performance on both datasets (i.e., LEVIR-CD, SYSU-CD) with improvements of 0.75% and 1.98%, respectively.
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Liang, Jingming, and Zefeng Wu. "Simulation and Optimization of Air-Cooled PEMFC Stack for Lightweight Hybrid Vehicle Application." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/738207.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A model of 2 kW air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack has been built based upon the application of lightweight hybrid vehicle after analyzing the characteristics of heat transfer of the air-cooled stack. Different dissipating models of the air-cooled stack have been simulated and an optimal simulation model for air-cooled stack called convection heat transfer (CHT) model has been figured out by applying the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software, based on which, the structure of the air-cooled stack has been optimized by adding irregular cooling fins at the end of the stack. According to the simulation result, the temperature of the stack has been equally distributed, reducing the cooling density and saving energy. Finally, the 2 kW hydrogen-air air-cooled PEMFC stack is manufactured and tested by comparing the simulation data which is to find out its operating regulations in order to further optimize its structure.
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Perianayagam, Philomen, Palaniradja Kichenaradjao, and Gopalakrishna Alluru. "Effect of porosity, density and temperature on microstructure and mechanical behavior of hybrid premix sponge ferrous compact." Science of Sintering 49, no. 2 (2017): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1702187p.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study on hybrid premix sponge ferrous sintered materials is focused on its mechanical properties and microstructure with respect to the amount of porosity. The pressure of 430 MPa and sintering temperatures 1090?C, 1115?C, and 1130?C in a Nitrogen atmosphere for an hour is followed to produce this hybrid premix sponge ferrous compact. Radial crush strength, dimensional change and micro hardness test were performed on these samples to determine the mechanical properties. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used for fractured surface analysis, while light optical microscopy (LOM) is used to study the structure and pore formation. The study infers, as porosity percentage increased, tendency of irregular pore formation increased with simultaneous decrease in mechanical properties of the sample. Temperature of sintering has a vital role in decreasing the porosity of powder materials.
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Castel, Sophie, and Wesley S. Burr. "Assessing Statistical Performance of Time Series Interpolators." Engineering Proceedings 5, no. 1 (July 16, 2021): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/engproc2021005057.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Real-world time series data often contain missing values due to human error, irregular sampling, or unforeseen equipment failure. The ability of a computational interpolation method to repair such data greatly depends on the characteristics of the time series itself, such as the number of periodic and polynomial trends and noise structure, as well as the particular configuration of the missing values themselves. The interpTools package presents a systematic framework for analyzing the statistical performance of a time series interpolator in light of such data features. Its utility and features are demonstrated through evaluation of a novel algorithm, the Hybrid Wiener Interpolator.
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Zurita-Méndez, N. N., J. Beltran-González, G. Carbajal-De la Torre, and M. A. Espinosa-Medina. "Development of a hybrid metal-oxides (Li2O-Al2O3-Al3Fe-Al3Fe5O12) reinforced polycaprolactone composite." MRS Advances 4, no. 63 (2019): 3485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2020.28.
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ABSTRACTThis paper addresses the chemical synthesis and characterization of a composite formed by Li2O-Al2O3-Al3Fe-Al3Fe5O12/PCL which were obtained by the process of reduction of ferric chloride (FeCl3) with lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH4) in an open atmosphere. The goal of the development of this hybrid material was to perform a superparamagnetic material with several potential applications. The results of the characterizations by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer showed a Li2O-Al2O3-Al3Fe-Al3Fe5O12 “desert rose stone”-like morphology 3D hierarchical powders formation when particles were sintered at 850 °C. Homogeneous nanometric particles after calcination at 1100 °C were observed. X-ray diffraction analysis were performed to determine their composition. Subsequently, the superparamagnetic powders were added by dispersion in a polycaprolactone (PCL) matrix, and then, were evaluated by SEM for the observation of their morphologies. The composite material presented a polymer network with an opened structure, a well dispersion of the oxides particles into the interstices with irregular topography and reliefs.
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TIAN, LEI-LEI, XIAN-YONG WEI, QUAN-CHAO ZHUANG, CHAO WU, RUI-LUN XIE, ZHI-MIN ZONG, YONG-LI CUI, and SHI-GANG SUN. "CHISELED NICKEL HYDROXIDE NANOPLATES GROWTH ON GRAPHENE SHEETS FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES." Nano 08, no. 06 (November 18, 2013): 1350068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793292013500689.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The morphologies and structures of Ni ( OH )2–graphene hybrid materials were tailored by using different mineralizers in this work. It was revealed that the synergic effects of the highly oxidized graphene sheets and the mineralizers played a crucial role in controlling the morphology and structure of the nanocomposites, and Na 2 CO 3 is a very effective mineralizer for growing chiseled 2D nanoplates of Ni ( OH )2 on graphene sheets. When produced with NaOH , fragmental Ni ( OH )2 crystals with irregular shapes erratically decorated on graphene sheets. In contrast, chiseled Ni ( OH )2 hexagonal nanoplates grown on graphene sheets were obtained when Na 2 CO 3 was used as the mineralizer. These unique 2D–2D nanoarchitectures with higher contact area between the nanocrystals and graphene substrate can increase the interfacial interaction and then efficiently improve the structural stability of the composite material, thus exhibiting an enhanced Li storage capacity and excellent cycling performance of 562 mAh g-1 after the 36th cycle.
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Ourabia, M. "Modelling and Characterization of Planar Components." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 1055–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.1055.
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An approach for modeling and numerical simulation of planar components using the edge line concept is developed. With this method, we develop an efficient modeling technique for microstrip discontinuities. The structure presents an arbitrary number of ports, each one with different orientation and dimensions. This article presents a hybrid method based on multimode contour integral and mode matching techniques. The process is based on segmentation and dividing the structure into key building blocks. We use the multimode contour integral method to analyze the blocks including irregular shape discontinuities. Finally, the multimode scattering matrix of the whole structure can be found by cascading the blocks. Therefore, the new method is suitable for analysis of a wide range of waveguide problems. Therefore the present approach can be applied easily to the analysis of any multiport junctions and cascade blocks. The accuracy of the method is validated comparing with results for several complex problems found in the literature. CPU times are also included showing the efficiency of the new method proposed.
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Cancellara, Donato, and Fabio de Angelis. "Seismic Analysis and Comparison of Different Base Isolation Systems for a Multi-Storey RC Building with Irregularities in Plan." Advanced Materials Research 594-597 (November 2012): 1788–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.594-597.1788.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the present paper the dynamic nonlinear analysis for a 3D base isolated structure is illustrated. A base isolated reinforced concrete building is designed and verified according to the European seismic codes such that the superstructure remains almost completely elastic and the nonlinear elements are localized only in the base isolation system. Nonlinear hysteretic models have been adopted to reproduce the cyclic behavior of the isolators. Two different base isolation systems are considered and their performances are compared for evaluating the behaviour of a base isolated building, highly irregular in plan, in presence of a seismic excitation defined with recorded accelerograms which characterize the bi-directional ground motions. The isolation system has been realized with a combination in parallel of elastomeric bearings and sliding devices. In the first analyzed isolation system we have used the High Damping Rubber Bearings (HDRB) and in the second analyzed isolation system we have used the Lead Rubber Bearings (LRB). Finally a comparative analysis between the base isolated structure with hybrid base isolation systems and the conventional fixed base structure is detailed.
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Yan, Liang, Yinghuang Liu, and Zongxia Jiao. "Electromagnetic Modeling and Structure Optimization of a Spherical Force Sensing System." Sensors 19, no. 3 (January 29, 2019): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19030552.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Force sensing system (FSS) is widely used to simulate the control force of aircrafts for pilots. Conventional FSS employs multiple single-axis motors and complex transmission mechanisms to achieve multiple degree-of-freedom (DOF) force output of joystick, which may cause mismatched inertia and affect the output performance of FSS significantly. Therefore, one novel FSS with multiple DOF direct-drive spherical actuator is proposed in this paper to reduce the simulator’s extra inertia. To analyze its output performance systematically, a hybrid modeling method is proposed to formulate both Ampere torque and cogging torque mathematically. Equivalent current method along with Ampere force law is used to obtain the Ampere torque due to irregular structure of magnet and coil poles. The cogging torque is then obtained from airgap flux density via Maxwell stress method. From the derived analytical model, an adaptive particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm based on expectation (the average value of minimum errors) is proposed for multiple-parameter structure optimization. It can avoid local optimization effectively. The study shows that the optimized value greatly helps to improve the torque generation. Then, one research prototype and one testbed is developed. The comparison between experimental result and analytical model shows that the two sets of data fit with each other well. Therefore, the analytical model could be employed for motion control of the system at the next stage.
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Gkaraklova, Sofia, Pavlos Chotzoglou, and Eva Loukogeorgaki. "Frequency-Based Performance Analysis of an Array of Wave Energy Converters around a Hybrid Wind–Wave Monopile Support Structure." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9010002.
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In this paper, we investigate, in the frequency domain, the performance (hydrodynamic behavior and power absorption) of a circular array of four semi-immersed heaving Wave Energy Converters (WECs) around a hybrid wind–wave monopile (circular cylinder). The diffraction/radiation problem is solved by deploying the conventional boundary integral equation method. Oblate-spheroidal and hemispherical-shaped WECs are considered. For each geometry, we assess the effect of the array’s net radial distance from the monopile and of the incident wave direction on the array’s performance under regular waves. The results illustrate that by placing the oblate spheroidal WECs close to the monopile, the array’s power absorption ability is enhanced in the low frequency range, while the opposite occurs for higher wave frequencies. For hemispherical-shaped WECs, the array’s power absorption ability is improved when the devices are situated close to the monopile. The action of oblique waves, with respect to the WECs’ arrangement, increases the absorbed power in the case of oblate spheroidal WECs, while these WECs show the best power absorption ability among the two examined geometries. Finally, for the most efficient array configuration, consisting of oblate spheroidal WECs situated close to the monopile, we utilize an “active” Power Take-Off (PTO) mechanism, facilitating the consideration of a variable with frequency PTO damping coefficient. By deploying this mechanism, the power absorption ability of the array is significantly enhanced under both regular and irregular waves.
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Rosa-Santos, Paulo, Francisco Taveira-Pinto, Daniel Clemente, Tomás Cabral, Felipe Fiorentin, Filipe Belga, and Tiago Morais. "Experimental Study of a Hybrid Wave Energy Converter Integrated in a Harbor Breakwater." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 2 (February 3, 2019): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7020033.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sea ports are infrastructures with substantial energy demands and often responsible for air pollution and other environmental problems, which may be minimized by using renewable energy, namely electricity harvested from ocean waves. In this regard, a wide variety of concepts to harvest wave energy are available and some shoreline technologies are already in an advanced development phase. The SE@PORTS project aims to assess the suitability and viability of existing wave energy conversion technologies to be integrated in harbor breakwaters, in order to take advantage of their high exposure to ocean waves. This paper describes the experimental study carried out to assess the performance of a hybrid wave energy converter (WEC) integrated in the rubble-mound structure that was proposed for the extension of the North breakwater of the Port of Leixões, Portugal. The hybrid concept combines the overtopping and the oscillating water column principles and was tested on a geometric scale of 1/50. This paper is focused on the assessment of the effects of the hybrid WEC integration on the case-study breakwater, both in terms of its stability and functionality. The 2D physical model included the reproduction of the seabed bathymetry in front of the breakwater and the generation of a wide range of irregular sea states, including extreme wave conditions. The experimental results shown that the integration of the hybrid WEC in the breakwater does not worsens the stability of its toe berm blocks and reduces the magnitude of the overtopping events. The conclusions obtained are therefore favorable to the integration of this type of devices on harbor breakwaters.
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Zang, Zelin, Wanliang Wang, Yuhang Song, Linyan Lu, Weikun Li, Yule Wang, and Yanwei Zhao. "Hybrid Deep Neural Network Scheduler for Job-Shop Problem Based on Convolution Two-Dimensional Transformation." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2019 (July 10, 2019): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7172842.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, a hybrid deep neural network scheduler (HDNNS) is proposed to solve job-shop scheduling problems (JSSPs). In order to mine the state information of schedule processing, a job-shop scheduling problem is divided into several classification-based subproblems. And a deep learning framework is used for solving these subproblems. HDNNS applies the convolution two-dimensional transformation method (CTDT) to transform irregular scheduling information into regular features so that the convolution operation of deep learning can be introduced into dealing with JSSP. The simulation experiments designed for testing HDNNS are in the context of JSSPs with different scales of machines and jobs as well as different time distributions for processing procedures. The results show that the MAKESPAN index of HDNNS is 9% better than that of HNN and the index is also 4% better than that of ANN in ZLP dataset. With the same neural network structure, the training time of the HDNNS method is obviously shorter than that of the DEEPRM method. In addition, the scheduler has an excellent generalization performance, which can address large-scale scheduling problems with only small-scale training data.
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VELA-HINOJOSA, Cristián, Claudia BARBOSA-MARTÍNEZ, Héctor B. ESCALONA-BUENDÍA, José Alberto MENDOZA-ESPINOZA, Ricardo LOBATO-ORTÍZ, Juan Enrique RODRÍGUEZ-PÉREZ, Juan Manuel VILLA-HERNÁNDEZ, and Laura J. PÉREZ-FLORES. "Architectural Diversity of the Cuticle and Epidermis of Native and Hybrid Tomato Fruit Genotypes and the Relation to Polygalacturonase Expression." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha46111001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) fruit has been widely studied because of its high consumption, nutritional value, and well-characterized genome. It also represents a good model for studying the structure and function of the cuticle, a protective film that is deposited on the surface of outer epidermal cell walls, and affects the integrity and firmness of the fruit, and, therefore, its commercialization. To evaluate the differences in their structure and function, we characterized the morphology of the cuticle and the epidermis and their relationship to firmness, brightness, weight loss, and transcript levels of polygalacturonase (PGA) in four hybrid genotypes and four native genotypes of different origins, shapes, and colors. Our results show a different architecture of the epidermis and cell wall among the genotypes. Native genotypes showed irregular-shaped epidermal cells and a thicker epidermis. Anticlinal pegs were also present to only one-third of the depth of the epidermal cells. The hybrid fruit surface was smoother compared to native genotypes, and it was associated with a higher level of brightness and a less weight loss. A negative correlation between firmness and PGA transcript levels was found. The chartreuse yellow genotype was the firmest, and it had the lowest levels of PGA expression. Meanwhile, the black genotype displayed the lowest weight loss and stem scar diameter. Our results suggest that several morphological features of the cuticle and epidermis have been modified through selection of the tomato fruit, altering quality parameters, such as weight loss and firmness.
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Wen, Mengke, Weidong Li, and Zhangyan Zhao. "A hybrid scheme coupling lattice Boltzmann method and finite-volume lattice Boltzmann method for steady incompressible flows." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 3 (March 2022): 037114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0085370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We present a new hybrid method coupling the adaptive mesh refinement lattice Boltzmann method (AMRLBM) and the finite-volume lattice Boltzmann method (FVLBM) to improve both the simulation efficiency and adaptivity for steady incompressible flows with complex geometries. The present method makes use of the domain decomposition, in which the FVLBM sub-domain is applied to the region adjacent to the walls, and is coupled to the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) sub-domain in the rest of the flow field to enhance the ability of the LBM to deal with irregular geometries without sacrificing the high efficiency and accuracy property of the LBM. In the LBM sub-domain, a cell-centered lattice structure-based AMRLBM is used and, in the FVLBM sub-domain, the gas-kinetic Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) scheme-based FVLBM is adopted to reduce the numerical dissipation and enhance the efficiency of FVLBM. Moreover, not like the conventional LBM and Navier–Stokes equation solver-based hybrid schemes, the present hybrid scheme combines two kinds of lattice Boltzmann equation solvers, that is, AMRLBM and FVLBM, which makes the present scheme much simpler and better consistency than the conventional hybrid schemes. To assess the accuracy and efficacy of the proposed method, various benchmark studies, including the Kovasznay flow, the lid-driven cavity flow with Reynolds number [Formula: see text], 400, and 1000, and the steady flow past a cylinder with [Formula: see text] and 40, are also conducted. The numerical results show that the present scheme can be an efficient and reliable method for steady incompressible flows.
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Oleg, Yanitsky. "War and Peace from Viewpoint of a Sociologist." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN HUMANITIES 4, no. 3 (December 27, 2016): 515–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jah.v4i2.4616.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Drawing on a review of global and risk studies as well as on studies in the history of modern western sociology, the author has organized his argument into the following theses. First, the modern world is highly interdepended, i.e. has a hybrid (multisided and multileveled) nature. Therefore, a war and peace are two sides of the same coin. The second, the global whole is actually a rather complex sociobiotechnical system (the SBT-system), and the '˜behavior' of its social and other actors are usually contradictory. Third, each subsystem of it has its own basic principles of structural-functional organization, a temporal order and mode of evolution, and a specific kind of relationships with other subsystems. Fourth, hence this hybrid is inherently contradictory and unstable.A high interdependence of the subsystems objectively raises a risk of a hybrid war emergence. Fifth, that is why the war-and-peace problem should be considered as hybrid as well. Sixth, the hybrid war may have a variety of social aims ranging from economic and political domination till total destruction of a probable adversary. Seventh, despite of technocratic orientation of the westernoriented capitalism the beliefs, values and social memories are still the mighty weapons in any hybrid war. Eighth, a very essence of hybrid war is multi-sided as well. It's a mix of fear and alienation with mass protest actions and military operations. In one cases such wars mobilized people while in the others demobilizes. Ninth, these hybrid structure and processes needs more close integration of social, natural and technical sciences, i.e. modern sociology should be capable to translate any SBT-transformations sociologically. Tenth, the media and social networks are the most powerful means for the shaping individual and mass consciousness. The media and social sciences use a social memory as a '˜peaceful' weapon. Eleventh, the role of civil society organizations and movements as well as of irregular military units is still an open question.
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Steckiewicz, Adam, Kornelia Konopka, Agnieszka Choroszucho, and Jacek Maciej Stankiewicz. "Temperature Measurement at Curved Surfaces Using 3D Printed Planar Resistance Temperature Detectors." Electronics 10, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10091100.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this article, novel 3D printed sensors for temperature measurement are presented. A planar structure of the resistive element is made, utilizing paths of a conductive filament embedded in an elastic base. Both electrically conductive and flexible filaments are used simultaneously during the 3D printing procedure, to form a ready–to–use measuring device. Due to the achieved flexibility, the detectors may be used on curved and irregular surfaces, with no concern for their possible damage. The geometry and properties of the proposed resistance detectors are discussed, along with a printing procedure. Numerical models of considered sensors are characterized, and the calculated current distributions as well as equivalent resistances of the different structures are compared. Then, a nonlinear influence of temperature on the resistance is experimentally determined for the exemplary planar sensors. Based on these results, using first–order and hybrid linear–exponential approximations, the analytical formulae are derived. Additionally, the device to measure an average temperature from several measuring surfaces is considered. Since geometry of the sensor can be designed utilizing presented approach and printed by applying fused deposition modeling, the functional device can be customized to individual needs.
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Couch, A. T., and J. P. Conte. "Field Verification of Linear and Nonlinear Hybrid Wave Models for Offshore Tower Response Prediction." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829063.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Accuracy of the prediction of the dynamic response of deepwater fixed offshore platforms to irregular sea waves depends very much on the theory used to determine wave kinematics. A common industry practice consists of using linear wave theory, which assumes infinitesimal wave steepness, in conjunction with empirical wave stretching techniques to provide a more realistic representation of near-surface water kinematics. The current velocity field is then added to the wave-induced fluid velocity field and the wave-and-current forces acting on the structure are computed via Morison’s equation. The first objective of this study is to compare the predicted responses of Cognac, a deepwater fixed platform, obtained from several popular empirical wave models with the response Cognac predicted based on the hybrid wave model. The latter is a recently developed higher-order, and therefore more accurate, wave model which satisfies, up to the second-order in wave steepness, the local mass conservation and the linear free surface boundary conditions at the instantaneous wave surface. The second objective of this study is to correlate the various analytical response predictions with the measured response of Cognac. Availability of a set of oceanographic and structural vibration data for Cognac provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the prediction ability of traditional analytical models used in designing such structures. The results of this study indicate that (i) the use of the hybrid wave model provides predicted platform response time histories which overall are in better agreement with the measured response than the predictions based on the various stretched linear wave models; and (ii) the Wheeler stretching technique produces platform response time histories which overall are more accurate than those obtained by using the other stretching schemes considered here.
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Albaqshi, Hussain, and Alaa Sagheer. "Dysarthric Speech Recognition using Convolutional Recurrent Neural Networks." International Journal of Intelligent Engineering and Systems 13, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22266/ijies2020.1231.34.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automatic speech recognition (ASR) transcribes the human voice into a text automatically. Recently, ASR systems has reached, almost, the human performance in specific scenarios. In contrast, dysarthric speech recognition (DSR) is still a challenging task due to many reasons including unintelligible speech, irregular phonemes articulation, along with scarcity and heterogeneous of data. Most of the existing DSR works are employed the ASR systems that trained on an unimpaired speech to recognize such impaired speech, which of course is impractical and inefficient. In this paper, we developed a deep architecture of the convolutional recurrent neural network (CRNN) model and compared its performance with the vanilla convolutional neural network (CNN) model. We train both models using the samples of the Torgo dataset, which contains a mixed of impaired and unimpaired speech data. The experimental results show that the CRNN model attains 40.6% against 31.4% for the vanilla CNN. This indicates the effectiveness of the proposed hybrid structure of the CRNN to improve the recognition of dysarthric speech.
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Kodaneva, S. I. "“Hybrid Threats” to Russia’s Security: Identification and Counteraction." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 13, no. 2 (July 21, 2020): 44–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2020-13-2-3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the scientific literature, it is customary to consider and analyze war exclusively as a violent (conventional) confrontation of subjects of international politics. However, this does not take into account that modern wars are increasingly unfolding in the “grey zone”, that is, outside the framework of international law, they are conducted both in physical and in other dimensions – informational, cybernetic, cultural, cognitive – and mainly by non-military means and with the involvement of irregular formations (rebels, terrorists, etc.). As a result, today’s interstate confrontation is becoming more complex and hybrid, presenting new mechanisms for non-nuclear deterrence.It is important to understand that the inability to recognize the enemy’s ongoing war in time, to determine the direction of the strike destroyed many states, starting with the Roman Empire and ending with the USSR. This determines the relevance and timeliness of this study, which is aimed at analyzing the content of the phenomenon of hybrid war, determining the main methods of its conduct used today and proposing counteraction measures.It should be recognized that in the modern scientific literature there is no single approach to understanding what a hybrid war is, which is quite understandable precisely because of its essence – the variability and complexity of ways of it conducting, as well as flexibility and adaptability to specific circumstances. There are quite a lot of disparate studies on individual components of hybrid war, such as “soft power”, information, economic and cyberwar, “color revolutions”, etc.The subject of this research is the phenomenon of hybrid warfare, its content and specific ways of conducting hybrid warfare. The purpose of this work is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the subject of research, as well as to structure the manifestation that form the phenomenon of hybrid war in its complex, determine their correlation and mutual influence of various methods of conducting hybrid war, as well as to develop specific proposals for countering threats to Russia’s national security.The importance of developing comprehensive strategic approaches aimed primarily at identifying vulnerabilities, as well as including spiritual security as the basis of the entire security system and countering hybrid threats is emphasized.Taking into account the specified subject and purpose, the introduction reveals the relevance of the study of the phenomenon of hybrid war and the danger that this type of interstate confrontation poses for Russia. Then we analyze the concept of hybrid war and its content, as well as the four main ways of conducting it. The results of the analysis are followed by conclusions and proposals on countering threats to Russia’s national security.
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Wang, Jian, Yinghua Wang, and Hongwei Liu. "Hybrid Variability Aware Network (HVANet): A Self-Supervised Deep Framework for Label-Free SAR Image Change Detection." Remote Sensing 14, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14030734.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image change detection (CD) aims to automatically recognize changes over the same geographic region by comparing prechange and postchange SAR images. However, the detection performance is usually subject to several restrictions and problems, including the absence of labeled SAR samples, inherent multiplicative speckle noise, and class imbalance. More importantly, for bitemporal SAR images, changed regions tend to present highly variable sizes, irregular shapes, and different textures, typically referred to as hybrid variabilities, further bringing great difficulties to CD. In this paper, we argue that these internal hybrid variabilities can also be used for learning stronger feature representation, and we propose a hybrid variability aware network (HVANet) for completely unsupervised label-free SAR image CD by taking inspiration from recent developments in deep self-supervised learning. First, since different changed regions may exhibit hybrid variabilities, it is necessary to enrich distinguishable information within the input features. To this end, in shallow feature extraction, we generalize the traditional spatial patch (SP) feature to allow for each pixel in bitemporal images to be represented at diverse scales and resolutions, called extended SP (ESP). Second, with the carefully customized ESP features, HVANet performs local spatial structure information extraction and multiscale–multiresolution (MS-MR) information encoding simultaneously through a local spatial stream and a scale-resolution stream, respectively. Intrinsically, HVANet projects the ESP features into a new high-level feature space, where the change identification becomes easier. Third, to train the framework effectively, a self-supervision layer is attached to the top of the HVANet to enable the two-stream feature learning and recognition of changed pixels in the corresponding feature space, in a self-supervised manner. Experimental results on three low/medium-resolution SAR datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed framework in unsupervised SAR CD tasks.
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Musiedlak, Pierre-Henri, Edward J. Ransley, Martyn Hann, Benjamin Child, and Deborah M. Greaves. "Time-Splitting Coupling of WaveDyn with OpenFOAM by Fidelity Limit Identified from a WEC in Extreme Waves." Energies 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2020): 3431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13133431.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Survivability assessment is the complexity compromising Wave energy development. The present study develops a hybrid model aiming to reduce computational power while maintaining accuracy for survivability assessment of a Point-Absorber (PA) Wave Energy Converter (WEC) in extreme Wave Structure Interaction (WSI). This method couples the fast inviscid linear potential flow time-domain model WaveDyn (1.2, DNV-GL, Bristol, UK) with the fully nonlinear viscous Navier–Stokes Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM (4.2, OpenFOAM.org, London, UK). The coupling technique enables the simulation to change between codes, depending on an indicator relating to wave steepness identified as a function of the confidence in the linear model solution. During the CFD part of the simulation, the OpenFOAM solution is returned to WaveDyn via an additional load term, thus including viscous effects. Developments ensure a satisfactory initialisation of CFD simulation to be achieved from a ‘hot-start’ time, where the wave-field is developed and the device is in motion. The coupled model successfully overcomes identified inaccuracies in the WaveDyn code due to the inviscid assumption and the high computational cost of the OpenFOAM code. Experimental data of a PA response under extreme deterministic events (NewWave) are used to assess WaveDyn’s validity limit as a function of wave steepness, in order to validate CFD code and develop the coupling. The hybrid code demonstrates the applicability of WaveDyn validity limit and shows promising results for long irregular sea-state applications.
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Zhang, Mingkun, Chengjun Wang, Chen Yan, and Hao Li. "Design and Dynamic Analysis of a Four-Degree-of-Freedom Chaotic Vibrating Screen." Shock and Vibration 2021 (May 6, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8830428.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to address the problems of low screening efficiency, easy blocking of screen holes, and short service life of key parts commonly used in vibrating screen equipment, the TRIZ (Theory of the Solution of Inventive Problems) was applied in the present work to design a four-degree-of-freedom (4-DOF; three translational and one rotational movements) chaotic vibrating screen with a chaotic vibration exciter as the main power source and a 3-DOF (three translational movements) parallel kinetic chain as the kinematic constraint mechanism of the outer screen frame. Based on the topological structure theory, a hybrid mechanism with structure [ 4 SOC − C i 1 ∥ R i 2 ∥ R i 3 − + R , i = 1,2,3,4 ] was constructed as the kinematic constraint mechanism of the inner screen box of the chaotic vibrating screen to solve the freedom of motion and POC (position and orientation characteristic) equations of parallel kinematic constraint mechanism of the outer screen frame and hybrid constraint mechanism of the inner screen box. The dynamic simulation of a virtual prototype of the chaotic vibrating screen was carried out in ADAMS software, and MATLAB was used to chaos recognition of the simulation results. It was found that the chaotic exciter moved aperiodically in X-, Y-, and Z-directions when the chaotic exciter motor rotated at uniform speed, and the amplitude, velocity, and acceleration of the outer screen frame of the vibrating screen had characteristics of reciprocating aperiodic and irregular changes. Through the phase trajectories of the eccentric block and inner screen box of the exciter in all directions, it was observed that the motion output of the vibrating screen was a chaotic vibration. Therefore, the present paper can provide an important reference for the design and application of chaotic vibrating screens.
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Rousseau, Jérôme H. Le, Henry Calandra, and Maarten V. de Hoop. "Three‐dimensional depth imaging with generalized screens: A salt body case study." GEOPHYSICS 68, no. 4 (July 2003): 1132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1598105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We illustrate the performance of the generalized screen propagator on real seismic data for 3D zero‐offset and prestack depth imaging. We use TotalFinaElf's L7D data set from the North Sea, a 3D marine seismic survey that contained limited azimuthal coverage. The subsurface shows significant tectonic deformation, including an intrusive salt body in sedimentary sequences. A transformation to common azimuth is applied prior to the 3D prestack depth imaging procedure. We compare the performance of the generalized screen propagator with that of a hybrid phase shift plus interpolation (PSPI)/split‐step Fourier method. Three‐dimensional prestack results confirm the generalized screen method handles multipathing more accurately. Comparisons are also made with Kirchhoff migration results. The results differ mainly in the fine‐scale irregularities of the image and not in the wavefront set of the image. Using synthetic models of similar structure (the SEG/EAGE salt model), we further illustrate the importance of multipathing and multiple scattering. Overall, our results show that our wave‐equation approach produces better images than the Kirchhoff approach to prestack depth migration; we attribute this mainly to a more complete handling of wave diffraction in the generalized screen expansion, which becomes important in strongly heterogeneous and irregular velocity models such as the ones containing salt bodies.
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Beron-Vera, F. J., and M. J. Olascoaga. "An Assessment of the Importance of Chaotic Stirring and Turbulent Mixing on the West Florida Shelf." Journal of Physical Oceanography 39, no. 7 (July 1, 2009): 1743–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jpo4046.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Application of dynamical systems tools has recently revealed in surface ocean currents produced by a Hybrid-Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) simulation the presence of a persistent large-scale Lagrangian coherent structure (LCS) on the southern portion of the west Florida shelf (WFS). Consistent with satellite-tracked drifter trajectories, this LCS constitutes a cross-shelf barrier for the lateral transport of passive tracers. Because of the constraints that the above LCS, as well as smaller-scale LCSs lying shoreside, can impose on pollutant dispersal and its potentially very important biological consequences, a study was carried out on the nature of the surface ocean Lagrangian motion on the WFS. The analysis is based on the same simulated surface ocean velocity field that has been able to sustain the aforementioned persistent cross-shelf transport barrier. Examination of several diagnostics suggests that chaotic stirring dominates over turbulent mixing on time scales of up to two months or so. More specifically, it is found on those time scales that tracer evolution at a given length scale is governed to a nonnegligible extent by coarser-scale velocity field features, fluid particle dispersion is spatially inhomogeneous, and the Lagrangian evolution is more irregular than the driving Eulerian flow.
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Bondarenko, I. N., A. V. Galich, and S. I. Troitski. "HIGH-Q MODES IN IRREGULAR HYBRID STRUCTURES." Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 72, no. 19 (2013): 1747–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v72.i19.30.
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Wang, Yiping, Yan Xu, Shengqiang Pei, Mingmin Lu, Yingzhen Kong, Gongke Zhou, and Ruibo Hu. "KNAT7 regulates xylan biosynthesis in Arabidopsis seed-coat mucilage." Journal of Experimental Botany 71, no. 14 (April 11, 2020): 4125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa189.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract As a major hemicellulose component of plant cell walls, xylans play a determining role in maintaining the wall structure. However, the mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of xylan biosynthesis remain largely unknown. Arabidopsis seed mucilage represents an ideal system for studying polysaccharide biosynthesis and modifications of plant cell walls. Here, we identify KNOTTED ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA 7 (KNAT7) as a positive transcriptional regulator of xylan biosynthesis in seed mucilage. The xylan content was significantly reduced in the mucilage of the knat7-3 mutant and this was accompanied by significantly reduced expression of the xylan biosynthesis-related genes IRREGULAR XYLEM 14 (IRX14) and MUCILAGE MODIFIED 5/MUCILAGE-RELATED 21 (MUM5/MUCI21). Electrophoretic mobility shift assays, yeast one-hybrid assays, and chromatin immunoprecipitation with quantitative PCR verified the direct binding of KNAT7 to the KNOTTED1 (KN1) binding site [KBS,TGACAG(G/C)T] in the promoters of IRX7, IRX14, and MUM5/MUCI21 in vitro, in vivo, and in planta. Furthermore, KNAT7 directly activated the expression of IRX14 and MUM5/MUCI21 in transactivation assays in mesophyll protoplasts, and overexpression of IRX14 or MUM5/MUCI21 in knat7-3 partially rescued the defects in mucilage adherence. Taken together, our results indicate that KNAT7 positively regulates xylan biosynthesis in seed-coat mucilage via direct activation of the expression of IRX14 and MUM5/MUCI21.
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Alavi Moghaddam, M. R., Y. Guan, H. Satoh, and T. Mino. "Filter clogging in coarse pore filtration activated sludge process under high MLSS concentration." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 10 (November 1, 2006): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.728.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Coarse pore filtration activated sludge process is a type of hybrid process in which the secondary settling tank of the conventional activated sludge process is replaced by non- woven and coarse pore filter modules. The filter has pores, which are irregular in shape, and much bigger than micro-filtration membrane pores in size. The objective of the study is to find out the effect of the microbial community structure on filter clogging in the coarse pore filtration activated sludge process under high MLSS concentration in aerobic and anoxic/aerobic (A/A) conditions. Filter clogging started from day 65 and 70 in the A/A and aerobic process, respectively, but it was more severe in the A/A process compared to that in the aerobic process. EPS contents of sludge did not change significantly during the operation in both processes, and did not have a crucial effect on the observed filter clogging. There was no strong evidence for direct effect of the type and number of metazoa on filter clogging. The main difference between aerobic sludge and A/A sludge during the filter clogging period was the relative abundance of filamentous bacteria. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that a higher presence of filamentous bacteria could reduce the severity of filter clogging in a coarse pore filtration activated sludge process.
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Ang, Bee Chin, Norasikin Ahmad, Zhi Chao Ong, Shun Chi Cheok, and Hui Fen Chan. "Study of the mechanical and the thermal insulation properties of polyurethane coating containing chicken eggshell and rice husk ash as fillers." Pigment & Resin Technology 45, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 313–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/prt-05-2015-0050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The main aim of this study was to examine the effects of chicken eggshell (CES) and rice husk ash (RHA) as fillers on the mechanical and the thermal insulation properties of polyurethane coatings. Design/methodology/approach CES and RHA were ground via ball milling set at different parameters, and the smallest particles size obtained were selected and used as fillers. Fillers of different weight proportions were mixed with other components such as binder, solvent and pigment to form various coating formulations and test samples were made via dip coating. A series of characterisations were conducted to analyse the thermal and mechanical properties of the coating. Findings The smallest particle size of CES and RHA was obtained after both of them had undergone grinding process at 400 rpm within 180 min. Morphological studies revealed that CES and RHA have irregular shape and high porosity. In crystallographic analysis, CES mainly composed of pure calcite crystal structure and RHA contained amorphous silica. Both of fillers were found thermally stable up to 520 and 710°C for RHA and CES, respectively. In RHA individual system, as the RHA proportion increases, the thermal conductivity of the coating declined. In contrast, in the CES coating system, the thermal conductivity demonstrated an opposite trend. Thermal gravimetric analysis results displayed that by adding hybrid fillers, the residue weight and the thermal stability of the coatings were increased. In addition, the adhesion strength of the coating was increased as the filler weight content increased. Research limitations/implications Fillers with nano-range size were expected to be produced in this research for better performance of the coating. However, the obtained fillers were limited to micron size through dry grinding method. Another drawback in this research was the coating technique which is dip coating. The coated substrates do not have uniform coating thickness and this subsequently influenced the performance. Originality/value A novel attempt has been made to study the formulation coating system by mixing CES and RHA as fillers which is also known as a hybrid system.
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Smirnyakov, Valery, Vladimir Rodionov, Victoria Smirnyakova, and Fedor Orlov. "The influence of the shape and size of dust fractions on their distribution and accumulation in mine workings when changing the structure of air flow." Записки Горного института 253 (April 29, 2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2022.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The results of the analysis of statistical data on accidents at Russian mines caused by explosions in the workings space have shown that explosions of methane-dust-air mixtures at underground coal mines are the most severe accidents in terms of consequences. A detailed analysis of literature sources showed that in the total number of explosions prevails total share of hybrid mixtures, i.e. with the simultaneous participation of gas (methane) and coal dust, as well as explosions with the possible or partial involvement of coal dust. The main causes contributing to the occurrence and development of dust-air mixture explosions, including irregular monitoring of by mine engineers and technicians of the schedule of dust explosion protective measures; unreliable assessment of the dust situation, etc., are given. The main problem in this case was the difficulty of determining the location and volume of dust deposition zones in not extinguished and difficult to access for instrumental control workings. Determination of the class-shape of coal dust particles is a necessary condition for constructing a model of the dust situation reflecting the aerosol distribution in the workings space. The morphological composition of coal mine dust fractions with dispersion less than 0.1 has been studied. Particle studies conducted using an LEICA DM 4000 optical microscope and IMAGE SCOPE M software made it possible to establish the different class-shapes of dust particles found in operating mines. It was found that the coal dust particles presented in the samples correspond to the parallelepiped shape to the greatest extent. The mathematical model based on the specialized ANSYS FLUENT complex, in which this class-form is incorporated, is used for predicting the distribution of explosive and combustible coal dust in the workings space. The use of the obtained model in production conditions will allow to determine the possible places of dust deposition and to develop measures to prevent the transition of coal dust from the aerogel state to the aerosol state and thereby prevent the formation of an explosive dust-air mixture.
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Chang, Kao-Hao, and Chang-Wei Huang. "Thermal Modeling of Ultrasound Diathermy in Tissues with a Circular Inclusion near a Curved Interface." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 5166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The influences of implants on the temperature field in tissues during ultrasound diathermy is controversial. In addition, most previous studies have focused on plate implants, and the effects of irregular implants and bones are seldom discussed. In this study, a hybrid computational framework per se is proposed to investigate the effects of double circular inclusions on the temperature distribution during ultrasound diathermy. The tissue–inclusion–bone structure is simplified as a two-dimensional bilayer composite model consisting of soft tissue and bone with a circular inclusion imbedded in the soft tissue. The interface between the bone layer and the soft-tissue layer is assumed as a convex surface for the incident ultrasonic waves. Multiply scattered waves originate between the two acoustic scatterers, i.e., the circular inclusion and the convex bone. The proposed computational framework consists of two kernels tackling ultrasound propagation and heat conduction problems, respectively. Making use of theoretical solutions of pressure fields, the transformed heat sources are efficiently obtained in the first kernel without sacrificing much computational burden. Temperature distributions in the composite media under ultrasound diathermy are evaluated via finite element numerical simulations in the second kernel. Numerical results indicate that the temperature distributions in the composite system obviously change when the bone layer changes from flat to convex. In addition, the inclusion size, location, material, and ultrasound operation frequency will also affect the temperature distribution and peak temperature during ultrasound diathermy. Pertinent findings could serve as a guide for clinical innovations in therapeutic ultrasounds.
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Liao, Jugou, Jingwen Zhang, Xuemei Wei, Yongzhi Niu, Wenlong Suo, Yunye Zheng, Wenguang Ma, and Suiyun Chen. "Cytological abnormalities during pollen development in interspecific hybrids of Nicotiana." Crop and Pasture Science 71, no. 12 (2020): 1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp20155.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nicotiana alata is resistant to Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) and of great value in breeding. However, hybrid sterility constrains the application of interspecific genetic resources. Previously, we obtained interspecific hybrids between a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line of Nicotiana tabacum and N. alata, some of which were pollen sterile. In the present research, we studied the cytological abnormalities during pollen development in sterile hybrids (F1-D) by comparing pollen development with that in fertile hybrids (F1-S) from the same cross. Transmission electron microscopy and DiI staining showed that the membrane structures of microspores and pollen in F1-D sterile hybrids were impaired. Carbol fuchsin staining revealed that cytomixis, chromosome loss and asymmetric callose wall formation occurred with high frequency in the microsporocytes and microspores of the sterile hybrids. The cytoplasm and nucleus were lost in the microspores and pollen of sterile hybrids, leading to mature pollen grains that were vacuous and collapsed in the aperture region. In addition, delayed tapetum degradation was detected in the anther of sterile hybrids, and sporopollenin was deposited in the aperture region. Impaired membrane structures of microspores and pollen in F1-D sterile hybrids affected the integrity of the cells, and might be associated with chromosome, nuclear and cytoplasm loss, vacuous pollen, and sterility in F1-D hybrids. Abnormal tapetum degradation in the anther and irregular sporopollenin deposition in the pollen wall of the F1-D sterile hybrids might also be related to the pollen sterility. This study deepens our understanding of the cytological mechanisms of hybrid sterility, and may facilitate the application of TSWV-resistant resources in cultivated Nicotiana species through hybrid fertility restoration and backcross breeding.
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NIKOLAEV, NIKOLAY Y., and HITOSHI IBA. "GENETIC PROGRAMMING OF POLYNOMIAL HARMONIC NETWORKS USING THE DISCRETE FOURIER TRANSFORM." International Journal of Neural Systems 12, no. 05 (October 2002): 399–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065702001242.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper presents a genetic programming system that evolves polynomial harmonic networks. These are multilayer feed-forward neural networks with polynomial activation functions. The novel hybrids assume that harmonics with non-multiple frequencies may enter as inputs the activation polynomials. The harmonics with non-multiple, irregular frequencies are derived analytically using the discrete Fourier transform. The polynomial harmonic networks have tree-structured topology which makes them especially suitable for evolutionary structural search. Empirical results show that this hybrid genetic programming system outperforms an evolutionary system manipulating polynomials, the traditional Koza-style genetic programming, and the harmonic GMDH network algorithm on processing time series.
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Kim, Hongjin, and Hojjat Adeli. "Hybrid control of irregular steel highrise building structures under seismic excitations." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 63, no. 12 (2005): 1757–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1336.
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Maurya, Praveen K., Manoj K. Rajpoot, Vivek S. Yadav, and Ankit Singh. "New hybrid compact schemes for structured irregular meshes using Birkhoff polynomial basis." Journal of Computational Physics 423 (December 2020): 109808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2020.109808.
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Hu, P., Z. Dong, P. Yuan, F. Liang, and B. Yang. "RECONSTRUCTION OF 3D MODELS FROM POINT CLOUDS WITH HYBRID REPRESENTATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2 (May 30, 2018): 449–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-449-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of urban buildings from point clouds has long been an active topic in applications related to human activities. However, due to the structures significantly differ in terms of complexity, the task of 3D reconstruction remains a challenging issue especially for the freeform surfaces. In this paper, we present a new reconstruction algorithm which allows the 3D-models of building as a combination of regular structures and irregular surfaces, where the regular structures are parameterized plane primitives and the irregular surfaces are expressed as meshes. The extraction of irregular surfaces starts with an over-segmented method for the unstructured point data, a region growing approach based the adjacent graph of super-voxels is then applied to collapse these super-voxels, and the freeform surfaces can be clustered from the voxels filtered by a thickness threshold. To achieve these regular planar primitives, the remaining voxels with a larger flatness will be further divided into multiscale super-voxels as basic units, and the final segmented planes are enriched and refined in a mutually reinforcing manner under the framework of a global energy optimization. We have implemented the proposed algorithms and mainly tested on two point clouds that differ in point density and urban characteristic, and experimental results on complex building structures illustrated the efficacy of the proposed framework.
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Li, Wan-You, Binglin Lv, Huajiang Ouyang, Jingtao Du, Haijun Zhou, and Donghua Wang. "A Hybrid Finite Element-Fourier Spectral Method for Vibration Analysis of Structures with Elastic Boundary Conditions." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/834834.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A novel hybrid method, which simultaneously possesses the efficiency of Fourier spectral method (FSM) and the applicability of the finite element method (FEM), is presented for the vibration analysis of structures with elastic boundary conditions. The FSM, as one type of analytical approaches with excellent convergence and accuracy, is mainly limited to problems with relatively regular geometry. The purpose of the current study is to extend the FSM to problems with irregular geometry via the FEM and attempt to take full advantage of the FSM and the conventional FEM for structural vibration problems. The computational domain of general shape is divided into several subdomains firstly, some of which are represented by the FSM while the rest by the FEM. Then, fictitious springs are introduced for connecting these subdomains. Sufficient details are given to describe the development of such a hybrid method. Numerical examples of a one-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli beam and a two-dimensional rectangular plate show that the present method has good accuracy and efficiency. Further, one irregular-shaped plate which consists of one rectangular plate and one semi-circular plate also demonstrates the capability of the present method applied to irregular structures.
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Sohn, Hiesang, Weon Shin, Dohyeong Seok, Taek Lee, Chulhwan Park, Jong-Min Oh, Se Kim, and Anusorn Seubsai. "Novel Hybrid Conductor of Irregularly Patterned Graphene Mesh and Silver Nanowire Networks." Micromachines 11, no. 6 (June 9, 2020): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi11060578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We prepared the hybrid conductor of the Ag nanowire (NW) network and irregularly patterned graphene (GP) mesh with enhanced optical transmittance (~98.5%) and mechano-electric stability (ΔR/Ro: ~42.4% at 200,000 (200k) cycles) under 6.7% strain. Irregularly patterned GP meshes were prepared with a bottom-side etching method using chemical etchant (HNO3). The GP mesh pattern was judiciously and easily tuned by the regulation of treatment time (0–180 min) and concentration (0–20 M) of chemical etchants. As-formed hybrid conductor of Ag NW and GP mesh exhibit enhanced/controllable electrical-optical properties and mechano-electric stabilities; hybrid conductor exhibits enhanced optical transmittance (TT = 98.5%) and improved conductivity (ΔRs: 22%) compared with that of a conventional hybrid conductor at similar TT. It is also noteworthy that our hybrid conductor shows far superior mechano-electric stability (ΔR/Ro: ~42.4% at 200k cycles; TT: ~98.5%) to that of controls (Ag NW (ΔR/Ro: ~293% at 200k cycles), Ag NW-pristine GP hybrid (ΔR/Ro: ~121% at 200k cycles)) ascribed to our unique hybrid structure.
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LEE, TZU-YING, PO-CHUAN CHEN, and DER-SHIN JUANG. "SLIDING MODE CONTROL ON ISOLATED BRIDGES WITH COLUMNS OF IRREGULAR HEIGHTS USING POLE ASSIGNMENT AND PSO-SA HYBRID ALGORITHM." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 12, no. 03 (May 2012): 1250014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455412500149.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The effectiveness of sliding mode control on the seismic response of an isolated bridge with columns of irregular heights, which exhibit hysteretic behaviors at both the columns and isolators, is studied. The bridge of concern consists of a two-span continuous deck and three columns of irregular heights, adjoining two single-span approaches each at the two ends. The irregular isolated bridge is idealized by an equivalent model to reduce the number of degrees of freedom involved. Compared with typical isolated bridges, the irregular isolated bridge has more poles of sliding surface, which dominates the dynamic characteristics of the controlled system and should be determined for the sliding mode control. The particle swarm optimization-simulated annealing (PSO-SA) hybrid searching algorithm is thus employed and shown to outperform the PSO algorithm and a parametric approach in finding the best sliding surface. Numerical simulations reveal that the sliding mode control together with the PSO-SA hybrid searching algorithm provides a simple and powerful technique for controlling the nonlinear seismic responses of irregular isolated bridges. Such a technique combining the control and optimization technology can be applied to practical bridges or structures, which are generally complicated and should be idealized by sophisticated numerical models.
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Reiniusson, A., G. Stenberg, P. Norqvist, A. I. Eriksson, and K. Rönnmark. "Enhancement of electric and magnetic wave fields at density gradients." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 1 (March 7, 2006): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-367-2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. We use Freja satellite data to investigate irregular small-scale density variations. The observations are made in the auroral region at about 1000-1700 km. The density variations are a few percent, and the structures are found to be spatial down to a scale length of a few ion gyroradii. Irregular density variations are often found in an environment of whistler mode/lower hybrid waves and we show that at the density gradients both the electric and magnetic wave fields are enhanced.
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Ren, Xiaoge, Shunfeng Gong, and Yong Lu. "Performance Evaluation of Seismic Strengthened Irregular RC–Steel Hybrid Frames." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 33, no. 1 (February 2019): 04018093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001242.
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