Дисертації з теми "Irradiation par ion"
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Barberet, Philippe. "Développement d'une ligne d'irradiation microfaisceau en mode ion par ion pour la radiobiologie expérimentale à l'échelle cellulaire." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12708.
Повний текст джерелаLin, Jun. "Radiation-induced alterations in mesoporous silicas : The effect of electronic processes involving ions and electrons." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2022. http://theses.enscm.fr/ENSCM_2022_LIN.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMaterials used in nuclear energy (fuel, packaging matrix, structural materials...) are subject to significant stresses due to the creation of defects that modify their properties. Several studies have shown that interfaces can act as a sink for defects caused by irradiation, which suggests that nanomaterials could have a higher resistance to irradiation than materials with a "micrometric" structure. Simultaneously, mesoporous silica materials have grown in popularity in recent years and are becoming more involved in the domain related to radiation conditioning, such as the prospective use of conditioning for nuclear waste. While research has begun to focus on the behavior of non-porous silica materials when exposed to radiation, no extensive investigations have been conducted on the behavior of mesoporous silica when exposed to radiation, particularly at electronic irradiation regime.This thesis aims to comprehend and explain the radiation-induced changes in mesoporous silicas under electronic regimes. This work quantified the evolution of physical (pore volume, pore diameter and distribution...) and structural (polymerization of the network, creation of defects...) properties of mesoporous silica irradiated with high-energy ion beams with stopping powers ranging from 1 keV/nm to 12 keV/nm, and with electron beams (10 - 300 keV and 0.6 - 2.4 MeV). Post-irradiation characterization methods (X-ray reflectivity, gas adsorption, SAXS, FTIR, etc.) have been used, as well as in-situ pore structure monitoring using electron microscopes. The experimental findings indicated that pore structures were susceptible to a certain degree of irradiation-induced shrinking. In contrast, evidence shows that the silica network itself does not alter much in porous silica compared to non-porous silica. Meanwhile, a 3DTS (3D thermal spike) model has been successfully applied to describe and explain the observed pore contraction behavior in response to ionic irradiation. Additionally, the mechanism of pore contraction under electron irradiation has been delineated according to the domain of incident electron energies. When compared to non-porous silica, this research has demonstrated that the existence of nanoscale pores reduces the accumulation of damage induced by irradiation. In conjunction with this effect, the pore contracts until it completely disappears under the impact of irradiation. This characteristic could, from an applicative point of view, be of interest to practitioners in the context of new methods of treating radioactive effluents, such as through the use of a "separation/conditioning" strategy, or in the context of the self-healing of porous gel layers formed on the surface of vitrified waste packages whose final destination is deep geological disposal
Bachiller, Perea Diana. "Ion-Irradiation-Induced Damage in Nuclear Materials : Case Study of a-SiO₂ and MgO." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS158/document.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the most important challenges in Physics today is the development of a clean, sustainable, and efficient energy source that can satisfy the needs of the actual and future society producing the minimum impact on the environment. For this purpose, a huge international research effort is being devoted to the study of new systems of energy production; in particular, Generation IV fission reactors and nuclear fusion reactors are being developed. The materials used in these reactors will be subjected to high levels of radiation, making necessary the study of their behavior under irradiation to achieve a successful development of these new technologies. In this thesis two materials have been studied: amorphous silica (a-SiO₂) and magnesium oxide (MgO). Both materials are insulating oxides with applications in the nuclear energy industry. High-energy ion irradiations have been carried out at different accelerator facilities to induce the irradiation damage in these two materials; then, the mechanisms of damage have been characterized using principally Ion Beam Analysis (IBA) techniques. One of the challenges of this thesis was to develop the Ion Beam Induced Luminescence or ionoluminescence (which is not a widely known IBA technique) and to apply it to the study of the mechanisms of irradiation damage in materials, proving the power of this technique. For this purpose, the ionoluminescence of three different types of silica (containing different amounts of OH groups) has been studied in detail and used to describe the creation and evolution of point defects under irradiation. In the case of MgO, the damage produced under 1.2 MeV Au⁺ irradiation has been characterized using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry in channeling configuration and X-ray diffraction. Finally, the ionoluminescence of MgO under different irradiation conditions has also been studied.The results obtained in this thesis help to understand the irradiation-damage processes in materials, which is essential for the development of new nuclear energy sources
Garric, Victor. "Etude du gonflement par cavités d'un alliage d'aluminium irradié sous faisceau d'ions." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAI091.
Повний текст джерела6061-T6 (Al-Mg-Si) aluminum alloy chose for the core of the Jules Horowitz Reactor (JHR) benefits from the T6 structural hardening induced by nanoprecipitates formed after an annealing followed by a quench and an artificial ageing. Because of the thickness of reactor parts, the quench rate is far slower than what is commonly seen on usual thin plates. In order to study the influence of the quench on the microstructure and the behavior under irradiation, three 10 cm side cubes of 6061 alloy have been tempered with a T6 treatment in three different quenching conditions (water, oil and air). Treatment have been followed by microstructural investigations on each temper.The contribution of voids, formed under fast neutron flux, to the global swelling of the alloy is poorly known. Using ion irradiation on bulk TEM samples at different damage levels (from 15 dpa to 100 dpa), microstructural evolutions have been characterized and swelling has been both quantified and modeled.Triple beam irradiations (W, He, Si) alloying to obtain a consistent damage level while implanting fission products (Si, He) showed silicon implantation lead to the precipitation of a new Si enriched phase. Simple beam irradiations (Au), showed voids are localized around linear defects and dispersoïds. Implantation of helium lead to a homogeneous distribution of bubbles in the whole matrix. Acknowledging the very high dose of helium implanted, quantitative measurements of swelling has been performed exclusively on single beam irradiated samples.The measured swelling, higher than what has been observed under neutron flux, lead to consider two series of data (ions and neutrons) in order to model the swelling. The base of a swelling model has been performed and the remaining physical parameters to determine were identified
Vianna, François. "Micro-irradiation ciblée par faisceau d'ions pour la radiobiologie in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0030/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe main goal of radiobiology is to understand the effects of ionizing radiations on the living.These past decades, ion microbeams have shown to be important tools to study for example the effects oflow dose exposure, or the bystander effect. Since 2003, the CENBG has been equipped with a system toperform targeted micro-irradiation of living samples. Recently, microbeams applications on this subjecthave diversified and the study of DNA repair mechanisms at the cellular and multicellular scales, in vitroand in vivo, has become possible thanks to important evolutions of fluorescence imaging techniques andcellular biology. To take into account these new approaches, the CENBG micro-irradiation beamline hasbeen entirely redesigned and rebuilt to implement new features and to improve the existing ones. My PhDobjectives were i) commissioning the facility, ii) characterizing the system on track etch detectors, and onliving samples, iii) implementing protocols to perform targeted irradiations of living samples with a controlleddelivered dose, at the cellular and multicellular scales, and to visualize the early consequencesonline, iv) modelling these irradiations to explain the biological results using the calculated physical data.The work of these past years has allowed us i) to measure the performances of our system: a beam spotsize of about 2 μm and a targeting accuracy of ± 2 μm, and to develop ion detection systems for an absolutedelivered dose control, ii) to create highly localized radiation-induced DNA damages and to see onlinethe recruitment of DNA repair proteins, iii) to apply these protocols to generate radiation-induced DNAdamages in vivo inside a multicellular organism at the embryonic stage: Caenorhabditis elegans.These results have opened up many perspectives on the study of the interaction between ionizing radiationsand the living, at the cellular and multicellular scales, in vitro and in vivo
Hérault, Joël. "Etude experimentale du ralentissement d'ions lourds de 20 a 100 mev par nucleon dans la matiere." Toulouse 3, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988TOU30075.
Повний текст джерелаMahfoudhi, Mohamed. "Eu3+ ion environment modification by Electron and femtosecond laser irradiation in metaphosphate and polyphosphate glasses." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLX066.
Повний текст джерелаRare Earth (RE) doped phosphate glasses are attractive materials in optic due to their low glass transition temperature and their high ability to dissolve rare earth ions compared to silicate glasses. In this work, we are interested in understanding the mechanisms leading to the structural modification of zinc polyphosphate and metaphosphate glasses under irradiation with the aim of controlling the environment of rare earth ions (in particular Eu3+ ions) by irradiation. We compared the effects obtained under electron and femtosecond laser irradiation by varying the dose and electron energy (700 keV and 2.5 MeV), the laser repetition rate as well as the glass compositions that contain different alkaline and alkaline earth ions (Na, Li, K and Mg) and Zn contents.We have demonstrated the decrease of the Eu3+ site symmetry, the increase of the sites dispersion as well as an effective reduction of Eu3+ to Eu2+ under electron irradiation.The presence of Zn attenuates the variation of the local order around the rare earth, while the vitreous network is less stable under irradiation. The formation of Eu2+ ions (under two types of high and low symmetry environments) is further enhanced in the presence of Zn and using 700 keV electrons. The femtosecond laser at 10 KHz gives causes crystallization of metaphosphate glasses without reduction of Eu3+ ions
Boccanfuso, Marc. "Relation entre le gonflement et la creation de defauts dans les cristaux ioniques irradies par des ions lourds rapides." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002023.
Повний текст джерелаLes résultats de ce travail montrent que le CaF2 répond de manière multiple aux excitations électroniques créées par l'irradiation. Pour des pouvoirs d'arrt supérieurs à environ 5 keV/nm, un phénomène de polygonisation semble se produire. Ceci provoque un désordre structural, un gonflement de 0,27 % du matériau et la formation de fractures. Un deuxième mécanisme d'endommagement est occasionné au-dessus d'environ 13 keV/nm et se traduit par une perte de la structure cristalline d'origine. Cependant, des centres absorbants apparaissent quel que soit le pouvoir d'arrèt des ions, ce qui indique que ces défauts ne peuvent tre la cause des deux mécanismes d'endommagement précédents. L'interprétation par un modèle de pointe thermique permet d'associer les deux seuils précédents respectivement aux énergies de fusion et de sublimation du matériau.
Tenorio, Castilleros Maria Dolorès. "Contribution a l'etude de l'emission x induit par des ions br et kr acceleres et possibilites d'application analytiques." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13075.
Повний текст джерелаMarinoni, Mathias. "Étude des modifications morphologiques induites par un ion lourd unique sur des structures SiO2-Si : fiabilité des dispositifs MIS." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4104.
Повний текст джерелаHeavy ion effects on the reliability of on-board satellite MOS devices have been investigated in this PhD dissertation. In order to give some elements to understand better the physical mechanisms leading to electrical effects, such as the reduction of the device lifetime, this new approach is based on the material response to heavy ion irradiation. The obtained results led to find out a physical origin to latent defects formation that is known to result in a device lifetime decrease. Using both thermal annealing experiments and electrical stress procedures, structural modifications induced by heavy ions in silicon dioxide have been shown to possibly act as an extra contribution leading to premature gate oxide breakdown of MOS devices. Those results could have implications on MOSFET devices, in terms of radiation assurance and for tests standards
Bertrand, Gérald. "Caractérisation et ciblage thérapeutique d'une sous-population de cellules souches cancéreuses dans un modèle cellulaire de carcinome épidermoïde de la tête et du cou résistant à l'irradiation par photon et ions carbone." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10118/document.
Повний текст джерелаHead and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) have a poor prognosis, due to their resistance to standard treatments. In most cases, locoregional recurrence or metastases occur. This study has focused on the role of cancer stem cells (CSC) in the radioresistance of the SQ20B HNSCC cell line and their therapeutic targeting in association with photon or carbon ions irradiation. A subpopulation of SQ20B-CSC has been isolated by cell sorting based on 3 specific characteristics of HNSCC-CSC : Hoechst 33342 exclusion, CD44 expression and high aldehyde dehydrogenase activity (ALDH). SQ20B/SP/CD44high/ALDHhigh cells show the CSC characteristics (in vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis, high radioresistance). The response of CSC to both types of irradiation was compared to the non-“stem cells” SQ20B/SP/CD44low sub-population. The observed radioresistance involves a decrease in apoptotic cell death, an increase in proliferative capacities and an overexpression of the Bmi1 self-renewing signaling pathway. The radiosensitizing effects of 3 molecules targeting the CSC has been demonstrated : an induction of apoptotic cell death by the inhibition of the G2/M phase arrest after a treatment with UCN01 ; an inhibition of proliferative capacities using the all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) which induce their differentiation ; and an inhibition of Bmi1 by artesunate. These treatments, alone or in combination (UCN01+ATRA) have a synergistic effect with photon or carbon ion irradiation to overcome CSC radioresistance. Preclinical and clinical studies should confirm the benefit of targeting CSC and improve the control of tumor escape in patients with radioresistant HNSCC cancers
Hagh-Gou, Djafar. "Étude de l'émission d'ions négatifs secondaires par pulvérisation ionique d'alliages binaires." Nancy 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988NAN10370.
Повний текст джерелаBANOUNI, MOSTAFA. "Effets de la topographie de surface induite par impact d'ions lourds sur la spectrometrie d'electrons secondaires resolue angulairement." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30135.
Повний текст джерелаGhidini, Massimo. "Étude de systèmes magnétiques nanostructurés préparés par irradiation d'ions lourds de haute énergie." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10198.
Повний текст джерелаTemplier, Claude. "Etude expérimentale de la précipitation dans les alliages à base d'aluminium obtenus par implantation ionique de Cu, Ag et Xe : demixtion et dissolution dans les alliages Al-Ag et Al-Cu, structure, formation et croissance des bulles de xenon." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2017.
Повний текст джерелаJaouen, Christiane. "Etude des mécanismes des transformations de phase induites par irradiation aux ions dans les systèmes métalliques." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2019.
Повний текст джерелаPopoola, Oludélé Olusègun. "Amorphisation et précipitation superficielles induites par implantation ionique dans les alliages NiTi équiatomiques : application aux propriétés tribologiques." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2292.
Повний текст джерелаBénit, Jean. "Effets d'irradiation par des ions de grande énergie dans de la glace H₂O et applications astrophysiques." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112229.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis presents the study of radiation effects induced in H20 ice by MeV/u ions: desorption of ionized species, "erosion" of the irradiated film and molecular synthesis within the ice. The desorption is analysed by time of flight mass spectroscopy. We describe the mass spectra of the desorbed ions, both positively and negatively charged, up to 400 uma. The absolute yields are given, as well as their dependence with the energy and energy loss of the primary ions. The "erosion" of the ice is analysed by infrared spectroscopy, on line during the irradiation. Absolute yields are derived, as a function of the ions beam flux, the mass and energy of the ions, and the thickness of the samples. A linear dependence of the yield with the thickness is interpretated as follows: the erosion comes primarely from the dissociation of the molecules all along the ion tracks. Some astrophysical implications of the results are discussed in the framework of irradiation of icy material in a variety of environments: magnetospheres of giant planets, cometary nuclei, circumstellar shells and molecular clouds. Lt is emphasized that the irradiation by energetic ions plays a major role in cosmochemistry
Wu, Alexia. "Etude du comportement hors et sous irradiation aux ions d'un gainage combustible REP innovant base zirconium revêtu de chrome." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066611/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn Light Water Reactors (LWR) under hypothetical accidental conditions such as LOss of Coolant Accident (LOCA), zirconium alloy fuel claddings undergo significant oxidation at high temperatures. To limit this phenomenon, innovative chromium coated nuclear fuel claddings are studied at CEA. However, the integrity under neutron irradiation of such coating for in-service conditions must be preserved..The main objective of this PhD work is to study the behavior under ion irradiation of this new cladding concept. We especially focus on Zr/Cr interface microstructure evolution under irradiation, since the latter controls the adhesion of the coating to the substrate. Ion irradiations were performed to simulate the damage caused by neutrons in LWR. A multi-scale approach is used to characterize the samples before and after irradiation. In particular, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) was used to characterize, at an atomic scale, the microstructure of the Zr/Cr interface. A first type of Zr/Cr interface is observed and shows the presence of nanometric phases of Zr(Fe,Cr)2 C14 and ZrCr2 C15 types. After irradiation, the C14 phase seems to be stabilized over the C15 phase, by segregation of iron at the interface. For a second interface, obtained using different deposition conditions, only C15 phase is observed. Under in-situ TEM irradiation, dissolution of the C15 phase is observed. Whatever the Zr/Cr interface type, preservation of the continuity of crystallographic planes before and after irradiation throughout the interface is demonstrated and thus induces a good adhesion of the coating to the substrate
Monart, Brigitte. "Etude experimentale del'emission secondaire (ions atomiques et moleculaires, agregats, electrons) induite par bombardement de surface par des ions lourds energetiques ( equiv. A mev/u) : effets de l'etat de charge des projectiles." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077121.
Повний текст джерелаFritz, Serge. "Etude des defauts ponctuels dans le mononitrure d'uranium par diffusion, trempe et canalisation apres bombardement ionique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13184.
Повний текст джерелаJuraszek, Jean. "Dommages induits par irradiation aux ions lourds dans des matériaux magnétiques : multicouches metalliques Fe/Tb et grenat isolant Y 3Fe 5O 1 2." Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES016.
Повний текст джерелаKountchou, Tawokam Mikael. "Gonflement sous irradiation d'un acier de structure pour un réacteur de quatrième génération." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR108/document.
Повний текст джерелаA cold-worked titanium stabilized austenitic steel, named 15-15Ti AIM1, is the reference material for fuel cladding to be used in the _rst core of ASTRID (prototype of Sodium cooled Fast neutron Reactor -SFR). This study contributes to the understanding of the microstructural evolution under high dose irradiation of AIM1 (> 100 dpa) and especially swelling mechanisms. Several ion irradiations of AIM1 and its precursor 15-15Ti D4 (AIM1 without phosphorus), were done at Jannus-Saclay facility. These irradiations were performed up to 150 dpa in single beam (Fe 2+) and up to 120 dpa in dual beams (Fe 2+ and He +) at a temperature set between 550 and 630 ° C in order to study the helium e_ects. Besides, thermal annealing at 650 ° Cequivalent to irradiation time (<100h) was carried out to separate the effects of temperature and irradiation. The microstructures and the irradiation-induced defects were characterized mainly by the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and tomographic atom probe (SAT). During thermal annealing at 650 ° C, rapid precipitation of nanometric titanium carbides over dislocations was observed. A low density of phosphorus-enriched clusters (phosphide nucleation) was also detected. After irradiation with ions, the microstructure of AIM1 and 15-15Ti revealed high density of Frank faulted-loops distributed homogeneously and which didn'tevolve with the irradiation dose (between 45 and 150 dpa). The precipitation of nanometric titanium carbides, phosphides (in AIM1) and chromium carbides was observed. Precipitation of phosphides in AIM1 is accelerated by irradiation. Irradiation_induced segregation of Ni and Si on dislocations has also been highlighted. Single-beam irradiations even at 150 dpa show very low cavities density distributed heterogeneously in the grains. It is shown that the simultaneous injection of 1 appm / dpa helium leads to much higher cavity density. In this case, cavities are attached to nanoprecipitates (TiC and phosphides). Finally, a comparison between ion and neutron irradiation on 15-15Ti D4 highlighted significant differences in the evolution of precipitation and cavity formation mechanisms. A cluster dynamics model with the Crescendo code was used to simulate the formation of Frank loops, cavities and the evolution of the dislocation network, taking into account the helium production. The model parameters were adjusted to reproduce the experimental single beam irradiation data at 630°C. The extrapolation of the model shows the displacement of the swelling peak at low temperatures as the rate of damage decreases. Taking into account the presence of Helium, the model reproduces the increase of cavity density observed in double Fe-He beams
Vieu, Christophe. "Phenomenes de degration et d'amorphisation induits par implantation ionique dans du silicium monocristallin." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30279.
Повний текст джерелаBoulehdid, Hanae. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'une membrane cationique monosélective par modification chimique d'un film ETFE." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210555.
Повний текст джерелаLa synthèse de la membrane cationique de base a été réalisée en passant par différentes étapes à savoir :le greffage du styrène - divinylbenzène (DVB), la chlorosulfonation et l’hydrolyse.
Au cours de ce travail, nous avons mis au point un protocole de greffage du styrène-DVB dans le film d’ETFE qui permet l’obtention d’un film ayant un taux de greffage reproductible assurant à la membrane cationique finale une bonne conductivité électrique et une capacité d’échange acceptable pour une membrane d’électrodialyse. Une étude de la réaction de greffage en fonction de la concentration en réticulant a été réalisée.
Nous avons procédé par la suite à la modification de la surface du film d’ETFE greffé styrène-DVB par la formation d’une couche superficielle mince fixée par des liens covalents. Les membranes modifiées ont été obtenues par la réaction d’une seule face du film d’ETFE greffé chlorosulfoné avec la 3-diméthylaminopropylamine. La modification chimique de la surface du film ETFE greffé chlorosulfoné a été suivie par la technique FTIR-ATR. L’effet de la concentration de la diamine sur les propriétés électrochimiques des différentes membranes modifiées a été étudié. La résistance électrique des membranes modifiées équilibrées au contact de solutions de chlorure de sodium et d'acide sulfurique a été mesurée par la technique d’impédance. La détermination du nombre de transport du proton et de l’ion sodium a été réalisée à partir de mesures du potentiel de membrane. La densité de courant limite des membranes a été évaluée sur base des courbes courant-tension. Les mesures de chronopotentiométrie ont été également effectuées sur les différentes membranes synthétisées.
Les résultats de ces caractérisations montrent que la modification de la surface engendre des changements considérables au niveau des propriétés électrochimiques des membranes résultantes. La résistance électrique, la densité de courant limite ainsi que les propriétés de transport de la membrane dépendent d’une part de la concentration de la diamine utilisée et d’autre part de la solution dans laquelle la membrane modifiée est équilibrée.
La sélectivité préférentielle des différentes membranes vis-à-vis des protons par rapport aux ions bivalents a été testée en réalisant des électrodialyses d’un milieu mixte H2SO4-NiSO4. Nos résultats montrent que la modification chimique de la surface de la membrane affecte d’une manière significative le transport des ions nickel tout en respectant le passage des protons. Une meilleure séparation a été obtenue pour une membrane modifiée en utilisant la diamine pure.
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Ravel, Frédéric. "Contribution à l'étude de l'implantation fer dans les grenats par microscopie électronique en transmission." Grenoble 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986GRE10127.
Повний текст джерелаGallais, Patrick. "Dépôt de couches minces de tantale par pulvérisation et étude des interactions TA/SIO :(2) et TA/SI à basses températures." Angers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ANGE0013.
Повний текст джерелаAL-NEAMI, KADOM ANAM. "Mesure des sections efficaces de production des rayons x : :(l) des elements ::(56)ba, ::(57)la, ::(58)ce par des protons de 1 mev-3,5 mev." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13172.
Повний текст джерелаBosland, Pierre. "Contribution à l'analyse cristallographique et mécanique des couches de molybdène préparées par pulvérisation cathodique magnétron." Grenoble INPG, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989INPG0069.
Повний текст джерелаGATE, CHRISTOPHE. "Polymeres aliphatiques sous irradiation par des ions lourds." Caen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CAEN2035.
Повний текст джерелаLescoat, Marie-Laure. "Etude du comportement des nano-renforts des matériaux ODS (Oxide Dispersion Strengthened) sous irradiation : Approche analytique par des irradiations aux ions." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10167/document.
Повний текст джерелаOxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) Ferritic-Martensitic (FM) alloys are expected to play an important role as cladding material in Generation IV sodium fast reactors operating in extreme temperature (400-500°C) and irradiation conditions (up to 200 dpa). Since nano-oxides give ODS steels their high-temperature strength, the stability of these particles is an important issue. The present study evaluate the radiation response of nano-oxides by the use of in-situ and ex-situ ion irradiations performed on both Fe18Cr1W0,4Ti +0,3 Y2O3 and Fe18Cr1W0,4Ti + 0.3 MgO ODS steels. In particular, the results showed that Y-Ti-O nano-oxides are quite stable under very high dose irradiation, namely 237 dpa at 500°C and, that the oxide interfacial structures are likely playing an important role on the behavior under irradiation (oxide stability and point defect recombination)
Vu, Thi Hai Yen. "Simulation du Comportement sous Irradiation aux Ions Lourds du Nanocomposite Au-SiO2." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2015. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01265991/document.
Повний текст джерелаMetal-glass nanocomposites are interesting owing to their particular optical-properties. Ion irradiation can be used as a tool to fabricate nanocomposites. The aim of this thesis was to study, from a fundamental point of view, the behavior of gold nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in an amorphous silica matrix under irradiation. My contribution consists in the interpretation, by modeling and numerical simulation, of experimental results previously obtained by researchers of the Laboratoire des Solides Irradiés. In a first type of experiments, the system was irradiated with 4 MeV gold ions while in a second type the irradiation was performed by using 74 MeV krypton ions. For the study of the first type of experiments, the simulation by kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) on rigid lattice was chosen and developed specifically to study the behavior of NPs irradiated at different temperatures. The simulations allows us to reproduce qualitatively the experimental results at any temperature. We found that the system evolves within a direct coarsening regime at high temperature (T>900 K) whereas at low temperatures (T<600 K) it becomes resistant to coarsening and the NPs dissolve. A transition regime is observed between 600 K and 900 K. The KMC simulation highlights and explains an effect of the size of the NPs on their dissolution under irradiation. It also demonstrated that unidirectional ballistic models could account for the law of dissolution. A model based on the theoretical approach of Frost and Russel including a size-dependent recoil generation rate fully describes the dissolution for any NP size. In the second type, the system evolves in the electronic energy deposition regime. Depending on their size, the NP can be vaporized (diameter<10 nm), transformed into nanorod (10-30 nm) or faceted NP (30-60 nm) or slightly deformed (>60 nm) by the incident ions. We imagined a scenario for the mechanism of deformation which is based on the thermal expansion of the melted NP into the track produced by the incident ion in the matrix. Its implementation using a new simulation technique helped to refine certain elements of the scenario and to improve the overall understanding of the process. The qualitative agreement between the experimental data and the results obtained by the simulation validate the proposed mechanism
Lv, Xue-Yang. "Irradiation de glaces d’intérêt astrophysique par des ions lourds." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN2074.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerns irradiation of ices composed of simple molecules (H2O, CO, CO2, NH3) with heavy ion beams at GANIL. These ices exist in several astrophysical environments such as comets, surfaces of Jovian satellites, and dense molecular clouds. Irradiation in the laboratory allows simulating the effects of cosmic rays with high energy ion beams, and those of solar wind with low energy beams. The analysis is performed by Fourier transformed Infrared absorption spectroscopy, which allows detecting molecules created during ion irradiation. The evolution of the ices, characterized by destruction cross sections, formation cross sections and sputtering yields was studied as a function of the deposited energy for some of the most abundant simple molecules in space as a function of electronic stopping power. Furthermore, Implantation experiments were performed in order to study chemistry induced by the projectile ions and formation of molecules such as CO2 and SO2. The formation rates were compared to the corresponding observations of abundance of those molecules and the Jovian moon Europa. After irradiation of the mixture CO2+NH3 several new species such as CO, OCN- et [HCOO-][NH4+] were observed. This indicates that complex molecules can possibly be formed by irradiation of ices in space
Sall, Mamour. "Irradiation par des ions de grande énergie de semiconducteurs III-N (AlN, GaN, InN) : création de défauts ponctuels et étendus." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00936879.
Повний текст джерелаBenyagoub, Abdenacer. "Étude des mécanismes d'amorphisation des métaux par implantation ionique et irradiation." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112366.
Повний текст джерелаWe have studied the amorphization mechanisms of metals induced by ion implantation and irradiation using electrical resistivity, RBS and channeling experiments. Electrical resistivity results have shown that the glass forming ability range in ion implanted metallic alloys is generally larger than that of rapidly quenched alloys. We have established a method which allows to determine, from dechanneling curves, the amorphous fraction (at the maximum disorder depth) in an ion bombarded single crystal. Channeling has shown that the amorphization kinetics of metals by ion implantation exhibits a sigmoidal variation at low temperature, while the kinetics is quasi-linear at higher temperature. We have established two models, both based on the assumption that amorphization occurs by cluster formation, to interpret our (and other) results. Irradiation experiments of crystalline metallic alloys presenting amorphous counterparts have allowed to propose an amorphization model which better accounts for the high fluence saturation than that of Gibbons. We have found that, at low temperature, only 0. 03 dpa is needed to amorphize a given volume of Ni₃B, independantly of the irradiating ion nature. The study, by electrical resistivity experiments, of the irradiation behavior of amorphous metallic alloys has revealed the existence of two different disordering mechanisms depending on the nature and the composition of the irradiated alloy. The first one consists in creation of point-like defects while the second one leads to free volume formation
Stoto, Tiziana. "Étude par microscopie électronique des effets d'irradiation dans le carbure de bore." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112359.
Повний текст джерелаBoron carbide is a disordered · non-stoichiometric material with a strongly microtwinned polycristallyne microstructure. This ceramic is among the candidate materials for the first wall coating in fusion reactor and is used as a neutron absorber in the control rods of fast breeder reactors. The present work deals with the nature of radiation damage in this solid. Because of helium internal production, neutron irradiated boron carbide is affected by swelling and by a strong microcracking which can break up a pellet in fine powder. These processes are rather insensitive to the irradiation parameters (temperature, flux and even neutron spectrum). Transmission electron microscopy of samples irradiated by the fast neutrons of a reactor (burnup = 1. 5 10-3 – 10-1 He/atom; T = 900 - 1800 K), the electrons of a high voltage electron microscope (flux= 1019 ecm-2s-1, dose = 3 d. P. A. , T = 12- 1000 K) and of samples implanted with helium ions (dose= 6 10-3 He/atom, T = 1050- 2000 K) was used to understand the respective roles of helium and point defects in the processes of swelling and microcracking. The design of an irradiation chamber for helium implantation at controlled temperature from 600 to 1700 °C was an important technical part of this work
Massouras, Georgios Christos. "Etude du mélange atomique dans des structures multicouches silicium-étain induit par irradiation ionique." Lyon 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO10051.
Повний текст джерелаMIKOU, MOHAMMED. "Defauts crees par irradiation aux ions lourds rapides dans l'arseniure de gallium : etude par effet hall et photoluminescence." Caen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CAEN2018.
Повний текст джерелаDalmasso, Chrystelle. "Caractérisation des défauts ponctuels induits par l'irradiation dans les céramiques : exemple des oxydes α-A12O3, MgO et MgA12O4". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4017.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is about characterization of radiation damage induced in three ceramic oxides candidates as inert matrix for the transmutation of nuclear waste: α-Al2O3, MgO and MgAl2O4. To simulate the impact of fission fragments, the sintered samples were irradiated with swift heavy ions. The radiation damage produced has been characterized by thermoluminescence (TL), optical absorption, fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and small incidence X-ray diffraction (XRD). Irradiation induced clusters of anion vacancies from isolated vacancies initially present or created during displacement cascades; defects induced in MgAl2O4 are also associated with cation disorder. Following irradiation, the observed decay of the TL intensity can be related to a rise of the sample absorption but also to point defects diffusion at grain boundaries and to large defect complexes produced by the incident heavy ions. Grazing XRD measurements show the amorphization of MgAl2O4 whereas α-Al2O3 and MgO pellets remain crystalline even at high fluences (2,0. 1014 ions/cm²). The study of various irradiation parameters indicates that the stopping power plays an essential role on the radiation damage produced and that point defects in the anion sublattice are created during nuclear collisions. Besides, high temperature irradiation induced coalescence of isolated defects thus forming defects aggregates. Finally, thermal annealing experiments suggest a critical temperature of 500 °C for the recovery of the observed induced defects
Hellio, Christine. "Étude par microscopie électronique à transmission des défauts induits par irradiation aux ions et aux électrons dans du zirconium pur et quatre de ses alliages." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112482.
Повний текст джерелаDammak, Hichem. "Changement de phase cristalline induit par irradiation aux ions lourds rapides dans un métal pur." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EPXX0005.
Повний текст джерелаDammak, Hichem. "Changement de phase cristalline induit par irradiation aux ions lourds rapides dans un métal pur /." Gif-sur-Yvette : Service de documentation et d'édition multimédia, Centre d'études de Saclay, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb35771191c.
Повний текст джерелаDUARTE, EDUARDO SEPERUELO. "ETUDE DES EFFETS DE L´IRRADIATION PAR DES IONS LOURDS SUR DES GLACES D´INTÉRÊT ASTROPHYSIQUE PAR SPECTROSCOPIE INFRAROUGE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15132@1.
Повний текст джерелаDans le système solaire et dans les régions denses du milieu interstellaire, des manteaux de glaces constitués de petites molécules sont irradiés par des particules ionisantes : des photons, des électrons et des ions. L’interaction entre les particules énergétiques et les manteaux induit plusieurs processus tels que les réactions chimiques, les changements de phase et la désorption de molécules. Les effets de l’irradiation par des photons et des ions légers sont étudiés depuis 20 ans. Cependant, les expériences réalisées avec des ions lourds et rapides sont rares dans la littérature. Bien que les ions légers soient plus abondants, le grand pouvoir d’arrêt et le haut rendement de pulvérisation des ions lourds peuvent compenser cet écart numérique. Ce travail résulte d’un projet de collaboration entre la PUC-Rio et le CIMAP-GANIL. L’objectif de ce projet est d’étudier l’effet de l’irradiation de glaces astrophysiques avec des ions lourds et rapides. Les expériences ont été réalisées sur les lignes IRRSUD et SME du GANIL avec des ions Ni (46 et 537 MeV). L’analyse des glaces a été faite par spectroscopie infrarouge par transformée de Fourier (FTIR). Quatre cibles ont été irradiées et analysées : H2O, CO, CO2 et H2O :CO :NH3. Les sections efficaces de destruction, de création des molécules produites et les rendements de pulvérisation ont été déterminés pour chaque cible. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les ions lourds sont plus efficaces que les protons pour la pulvérisation des manteaux de glaces alors que les protons sont eux plus efficace pour la synthèse de nouvelles molécules.
No Sistema Solar e em regiões densas do meio interestelar, mantos de gelo constituídos de moléculas pequenas estão expostos à irradiação de partículas ionizantes: fótons, elétrons e íons. A interação entre partículas energéticas e os mantos induzem uma série de processos físicos e químicos no gelo como: reações químicas, mudanças de fase e dessorção de moléculas. Os efeitos da irradiação provocados por fótons e íons leves como prótons e partículas alfas vêm sendo estudados há mais de 10 anos. Porém, experimentos envolvendo a irradiação com íons pesados e rápidos são escarsos na literatura. Apesar dos íons leves serem mais abundantes no espaco, a alta taxa de ionização e o alto rendimento de dessorção induzidos pelos íons pesados podem compensar sua menor abundância. Este trabalho consiste em estudar os efeitos da irradiação de gelos astrofísicos por íons pesados e rápidos, em projeto de colaboração entre as instituições PUC-Rio e CIMAP-GANIL. Os experimentos foram realizados nas linhas de baixa e média energia do acelerador GANIL, utilizando íons de Ni com 46 MeV e 537 MeV de energia cinética. Os gelos foram analisados utilizando a técnica de espectrometria de infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR). Os quatro gelos irradiados foram: H2O, CO, CO2 e H2O:NH3:CO. As grandezas analisadas foram as seções de choque de destruição destas moléculas, as seções de choque de formação de novas espécies moleculares formadas nos gelos e os rendimentos de dessorção. Os resultados mostram que os íons pesados são mais eficientes do que os prótons na dessorção de moléculas em mantos de gelo no espaço, mesmo considerando as baixas abundâncias deles nos raios cósmicos. Ao contrário, em se tratando de síntese de novas espécies moleculares, os prótons são mais eficientes do que os íons pesados.
Jaouen, Christiane. "Etude des mécanismes des transformations de phase induites par irradiation aux ions dans les systèmes métalliques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376061630.
Повний текст джерелаCrépin-Hémon, Stéphanie. "Irradiation de cibles nanometriques par des ions lourds rapides : etude par diffraction x de la modification structurale de l'oxyde d'yttrium." Caen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998CAEN2036.
Повний текст джерелаBERTHELOT, AUDREY. "Effets dimensionnels dans le comportement de l'oxyde d'etain sous irradiation par des ions lourds : etude par microscopie electronique et modelisation." Caen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000CAEN2028.
Повний текст джерелаVictor, Guillaume. "Étude des modifications structurales induites dans le carbure de bore B4C par irradiation aux ions dans différents domaines d’énergie." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1278/document.
Повний текст джерелаBoron carbide B4C is a material considered as neutron absorber for the Sodium Fast reactors SFR of the fourth generation. This type of reactor is the reference for the future of the nuclear technology in France. A first prototype of SFR, called ASTRID, should be built around 2025. The aim of this study is to understand, from a fundamental point of view, the effects induced by ion irradiation on the crystallographic structure of B4C, in different energy ranges. So, boron carbide samples were sintered by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique at the SPCTS laboratory in Limoges (France) and then irradiated with ions of different natures and energies, favoring: (i) the nuclear stopping power, creating ballistic damage in the material, or (ii) the electronic stopping power, creating mainly electronic damage. For the irradiations in the ballistic regime, we used C+, Ar+ and Au+ ions with energies below 1 MeV, on the accelerator VdG 4 MV of the IPNL and on the JANNuS-Orsay plateform. The structural modifications of B4C were studied between 0 and 9 dpa. The irradiations in electronic regime were performed with S9+ and I9+ ions with energies of 60 and 100MeV, at the 15 MV Tandem accelerator of the IPNO. The electronic excitations values corresponding to those conditions are ranging between 4 and 15 keV.nm-1. The irradiations were carried out at room temperature, 500°C and 800°C to study the coupled effects of temperature and irradiation. The structural characterizations of the samples after irradiation were performed by Raman spectrometry at CEA Saclay and by in situ Transmission Electron Microscopy at the JANNuS-Orsay facility. Our study demonstrated the existence of an amorphisation threshold in boron carbide in both irradiation regimes at room temperature. In the ballistic regime, the amorphisation of the material is reached around a value of 9 dpa. In the electronic regime, from a stopping power in between 9 and 10 keV.nm-1 an amorphisation process, induced by the formation of latent tracks and their overlapping at high fluences was observed. Moreover, at 500°C, we showed that the temperature slowed down the damage induced by the irradiation in B4C, and almost totally prevented it at 800°C
Moisy, Florent. "Etude des modifications induites dans les semiconducteurs AlxGa1-xN par irradiation aux ions lourds de haute énergie." Caen, 2016. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01843596.
Повний текст джерелаNitride semiconductors are attractive materials for optoelectronic applications. They can be subjected to heavy ions in a wide range of energy during their elaboration (improvement of their properties by ionic implantation) or during their potential use in extreme environments (outer space). This thesis focuses on the study of AlxGa1-xN alloys under heavy ion irradiation from GANIL. In GaN, the formation of Ga vacancies has been highlighted, these latter coming from elastic collisions between atoms in the material and the projectiles. On the other hand, it is possible to observe the formation of disordered ion tracks for projectiles with high electronic stopping power (Se). These tracks induce strong surface modifications, a closing of the optical bandgap, but also an extension strain along the direction parallel to the ion direction and biaxial stresses of some GPa. Concerning AlxGa1-xN alloys with x from 0. 3 to 1, the points defects are more complex, and a synergy between electronic excitations and nuclear collisions is responsible of their formation. Nevertheless, the increase of the Al molar fraction (x), tends to improve the resistance to ion tracks formation in these materials
D'Orléans, Céline. "Elaboration par implantation ionique de nanoparticules de cobalt dans la silice et modifications de leurs propriétés sous irradiation d'électrons et d'ions de haute énergie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13101.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims to investigate the capability of ion irradiations to elaborate magnetic nanoparticles in silica layers, and to modify their properties. Co+ ions have been implanted at 160 keV at fluences of 2. 1016, 5. 1016 and 1017 at. Cm-2, and at temperatures of 77, 295 and 873K. The dependence of the particle size on the implantation fluence, and more significantly on the implantation temperature has been shown. TEM observations have shown a mean diameter varying from 1 nm to 9. 7 nm for implantations at 2. 1016 Co+. Cm-2 at 77K, and at 1017 Co+. Cm-2 at 873K respectively. Thermal treatments induce the ripening of the particles. Swift heavy ion irradiations also induces the ripening of the particles for low fluences, and an elongation of the particles for high fluences, resulting in a magnetic anisotropy. Mechanisms invoked in thermal spike model could also explain this anisotropic growth
Sudre, Christophe. "Synthèse et modélisation des phénomènes induits par une irradiation transitoire sur des diodes et transistors : Photocourant généré par flash X." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20122.
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