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1
Grašič, Mateja, Mateja Piberčnik, Igor Zelnik, Dragan Abram, and Alenka Gaberščik. "Invasive Alien Vines Affect Leaf Traits of Riparian Woody Vegetation." Water 11, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 2395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11112395.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The vines Echinocystis lobata and Parthenocissus quinquefolia are spreading over the natural vegetation in riparian zones, which may significantly affect riparian vegetation properties and the quality of litter for aquatic organisms. We examined leaf morphological, biochemical and optical traits of these invasive alien species, each paired with its host, the willows Salix caprea and S. fragilis, respectively. The vines altered the host radiation environment and the amount of photosynthetic pigments. Both vines had significantly higher specific leaf area and lower leaf tissue density compared to the willows, even though the leaves of P. quinquefolia were significantly thicker. Leaf optical properties varied significantly between vines and willows in some spectral regions. Compared to the willows, the vines reflected less light as UV, and more as green, and transmitted more light as green, yellow and red. The overgrowth of the willows with vines affected the reflectance of the willow leaves. Redundancy analysis of the relationships between leaf biochemical traits and reflectance spectra showed that chlorophyll a, anthocyanins, and UVB- and UVA-absorbing substances explained 45% of the reflectance spectra variability, while analysis with morphological traits revealed that specific leaf area, leaf thickness and upper cuticle thickness explained 43%. For leaf transmittance, UVB- and UVA-absorbing substances, carotenoids and anthocyanins explained 53% of the transmittance spectra variability, while analysis with morphological traits revealed that specific leaf area explained 51%. These data show that invasive alien vines can be discerned from each other and their hosts by their spectral signatures. In addition, the differences in the leaf functional traits between the vines and their hosts indicate significant differences in the quality of the plant litter entering the river.
2
McInerney, Paul J., Gavin N. Rees, Ben Gawne, Phil Suter, Garth Watson, and Rick J. Stoffels. "Invasive willows drive instream community structure." Freshwater Biology 61, no. 9 (May 24, 2016): 1379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12778.
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3
Moore, J. L., and E. Gurarie. "Accounting for imperfect detection when evaluating the effectiveness of invasive species control." New Zealand Plant Protection 67 (January 8, 2014): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2014.67.5782.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many invasive plant species are sparsely distributed across large areas Management of these species is often undertaken using a search and destroy approach where people search the landscape and treat (destroy) any individuals found However detection is imperfect and so these searches need to be undertaken on multiple occasions Given limited resources an explicit objective is to optimize efforts by targeting those areas for follow up visits that have the highest predicted abundance In order to simultaneously estimate both abundances and detection rates from data on search and destroy efforts it is necessary to have a good model of the detection process itself In a case study of invasive willow control across 120 km2 in alpine Australia intensively monitored sample plots were used to characterise how detection rates depend on perceived abundance for three groups of willow control contractors Bayesian models were used to fit an exponential detection function where the detection rate varied with plant size between contractors with the total number of willows treated and on features of the contractors movements It was found that detection rates decreased with increasing abundance but areas with high abundance were subject to greater search effort These models were combined with GPS tracking data representing 6 weeks of search and destroy missions to predict the remaining abundance of willows across the landscape and hence areas that are priorities for follow up control were identified
4
Dommanget, Fanny, André Evette, Vincent Breton, Nathan Daumergue, Olivier Forestier, Philippe Poupart, François-Marie Martin, and Marie-Laure Navas. "Fast-growing willows significantly reduce invasive knotweed spread." Journal of Environmental Management 231 (February 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.10.004.
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5
Cremer, Kurt W. "Introduced willows can become invasive pests in Australia." Biodiversity 4, no. 4 (December 2003): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14888386.2003.9712705.
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6
Thomas, Lisa K., Eva Mosner, and Ilona Leyer. "River dynamics and invasion: distribution patterns of native and invasive woody vegetation at the Río Negro, Argentina." Riparian Ecology and Conservation 2, no. 1 (August 25, 2015): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/remc-2015-0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractSalicaceae are typical invaders of riparian ecosystems throughout the world and they have the potential to change much of the invaded habitats. Along Patagonian streams, riparian softwood forests composed of non-native Salicaceae are increasing in abundance, area and tree species diversity. Especially in the last decades, dense floodplain forests dominated by invasive willows and poplars and additionally Russian olive and tamarisk spread almost explosively e.g. along the Río Negro in northern Patagonia. This study focuses on the identification of ecological niches and niche overlaps of the native and invasive woody species in order to assess the impact on the native Salix humboldtiana Willd. Data on species (presence/ absence) and explanatory variables were gathered in the field using a grid-based, stratified-randomized sampling design. Different environmental variables were then related to species occurrence in different life stages (adult, juvenile, seedling) using habitat distribution models. In the final models, flood duration, the amount of gravel and the location (upper or middle river valley) were included to describe the probability of occurrence of native and invasive taxa. For all life stages, a strong niche overlap could be observed for S. humboldtiana and the invasive taxa with no remaining exclusive habitats indicating a potential threat to the native willow. The study contributes to a better understanding of Salicaceae invasion and its consequences for riparian ecosystems.
7
Adair, Robin, Jean-Louis Sagliocco, and Eligio Bruzzese. "Strategies for the biological control of invasive willows (Salix spp.) in Australia." Australian Journal of Entomology 45, no. 4 (November 2006): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-6055.2006.00548.x.
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8
Tun, Kyaw Min, Maria Minor, Trevor Jones, and Andrea Clavijo McCormick. "Volatile Profiling of Fifteen Willow Species and Hybrids and Their Responses to Giant Willow Aphid Infestation." Agronomy 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2020): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091404.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The giant willow aphid (Tuberolachnus salignus) is a large stem-feeding insect which forms dense colonies on infested plants. Since T. salignus is a new invasive species in New Zealand, we have a poor understanding of the plant chemical responses to aphid infestation. This study aimed to characterize the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emissions of fifteen different willow species and hybrids growing in New Zealand, and to evaluate changes in response to T. salignus attack in a field trial. Volatiles were collected using a headspace sampling technique and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We found high variability in the volatile profiles of different species and hybrids, with (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate and (E)-β-ocimene being the only common components to all blends. Taxonomically related plants showed an overlapping pattern of VOC emission, and there seemed to be a clear separation between shrub and tree willows. Responses to aphid infestation were variable, with only four species/hybrids showing changes in their total VOC emission, or that of at least one class of VOCs. A weak positive correlation between aphid population estimates and VOC emissions suggests that responses are species-specific and not infestation-dependent. These results reveal useful information about the interaction between T. salignus and its potential host plants for biological control and pest management purposes.
9
Boland, John M. "The impact of an invasive ambrosia beetle on the riparian habitats of the Tijuana River Valley, California." PeerJ 4 (June 21, 2016): e2141. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Tijuana River Valley is the first natural habitat in California to be substantially invaded by the Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer (KSHB,Euwallaceasp.), an ambrosia beetle native to Southeast Asia. This paper documents the distribution of the KSHB in the riparian vegetation in the valley and assesses the damage done to the vegetation as of early 2016, approximately six months after the beetle was first observed in the valley. I divided the riparian habitats into 29 survey units so that the vegetation within each unit was relatively homogenous in terms of plant species composition, age and density. From a random point within each unit, I examined approximately 60 individuals of the dominant plant species for evidence of KSHB infestation and evidence of major damage such as limb breakage. In the 22 forested units,I examined the dominant arroyo and black willows (Salix lasiolepisBenth. andS. gooddingiiC.R. Ball), and in the seven scrub units, I examined mule fat (Baccharis salicifolia(Ruiz & Pav.) Pers.). Evidence of KSHB infestation was found in 25 of the 29 units. In the forest units, infestation rates ranged from 0 to 100% and were high (>60%) in 16 of the units. In the scrub units, infestation rates ranged from 0 to 33%. Infestation rates were significantly correlated with the wetness of a unit; wetter units had higher infestation rates. Evidence of major physical damage was found in 24 units, and dense stands of willows were reduced to broken trunks in several areas. Overall, I estimated that more than 280,000 (70%) of the willows in the valley were infested, and more than 140,000 had suffered major limb damage. In addition, I recorded evidence of KSHB infestation in the other common plant species in the valley; of the 23 species examined, 14 showed evidence of beetle attack. The four species with the highest rates of infestation were native trees in the Salicaceae family. The three species considered to be the worst invasive plants in the valley,Ricinus communisL., Tamarix ramosissimaLedeb. andArundo donaxL., had low rates of infestation. Several findings from this study have significance for resource managers: (1) the KSHB attack caused extensive mortality of trees soon after being first discovered so, if managers are to control the spread of the beetle, they will need to develop an effective early detection and rapid response program; (2) infestation rates were highest in units that were wet, so resource managers trying to detect the beetle in other areas should thoroughly search trees near water, particularly nutrient-enriched water; (3) the infestation appears to be a novel form of disturbance, and the affected forests may need special management actions in order to recover; and (4) the infestation has altered the structure of the forest canopy, and this is likely to promote the growth of invasive plant species that were relatively inconspicuous in the forests prior to the beetle attack but will now need more attention.
10
Boland, John M., and Deborah L. Woodward. "Impacts of the invasive shot hole borer (Euwallacea kuroshio) are linked to sewage pollution in southern California: the Enriched Tree Hypothesis." PeerJ 7 (May 1, 2019): e6812. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6812.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Kuroshio Shot Hole Borer (KSHB, Euwallacea kuroshio) and the Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer (E. whitfordiodendrus; Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) have recently invaded southern California and are attacking live trees in commercial agriculture groves, urban parks and native riparian forests. Among native forests the worst impacts observed to date have been in the Tijuana River Valley in south San Diego County, where approximately 30% of the native willows (Salix spp.), or 120,000 trees, have died as a result of a KSHB infestation. This paper examines wood densities, wood moisture contents, KSHB infestation rates, and KSHB-induced mortality rates in two willow species (Salix lasiolepis and S. gooddingii) at sites near and far from sewage input. Comparisons were made on two spatial scales: broadly among sites within San Diego County; and locally among sites within the Tijuana River Valley. The results showed that, on average, willow trees growing closest to sewage pollution had significantly lower wood density, higher wood moisture content, higher KSHB infestation rates, and higher KSHB-induced willow mortality rates than those growing farther away. We present the Enriched Tree Hypothesis to explain the link between sewage pollution and KSHB impacts; it is as follows: (A) Riparian trees subject to nutrient enrichment from frequent sewage pollution grow quickly, and their fast growth results in wood of low density and high moisture content. If attacked by the KSHB, the trunks and branches of these nutrient-enriched trees provide an environment conducive to the fast growth of the symbiotic fungi upon which the KSHB feeds. With an abundant food supply, the KSHB population increases rapidly and the trees are heavily damaged by thousands of KSHB galleries in their trunks and branches. (B) Riparian trees not subject to frequent sewage pollution grow more slowly and have denser, drier wood. Conditions in their trunks and branches are not conducive to the fast growth of the KSHB’s symbiotic fungi. The KSHB generally ignores, or has low abundances in, these slow-growing trees. This new hypothesis explains current patterns of KSHB impact in San Diego County and focuses attention on the important roles of the environment and preexisting conditions of trees in determining the extent of KSHB impact. It highlights the Tijuana River Valley as an unusual site due to high sewage inputs and predicts that the high KSHB-induced willow mortality seen there should not occur in other natural riparian habitats in southern California. Most importantly, by identifying sewage pollution (or nutrient enrichment) as a major risk factor for KSHB impacts, the hypothesis ratchets down the KSHB-threat level for most riparian sites in southern California and directs attention to other nutrient-enriched sites as those most at risk.
11
Lee, Chang-Seok, Yong-Chan Cho, Hyun-Cheol Shin, Gyung-Soon Kim, and Jeong-Hoon Pi. "Control of an invasive alien species, Ambrosia trifida with restoration by introducing willows as a typical riparian vegetation." Journal of Ecology and Environment 33, no. 2 (June 1, 2010): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5141/jefb.2010.33.2.157.
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12
Cudney, David W., Clyde L. Elmore, Victor A. Gibeault, and John S. Reints. "Common Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Management in Cool-Season Turfgrass." Weed Technology 11, no. 3 (September 1997): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045280.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Common bermudagrass is an invasive, perennial weed of cool-season turfgrass in California. Complete renovation of the infested area has been the only practical method of restoring desirable cool-season turfgrasses. In studies in southern and northern California, common bermudagrass was suppressed with sequential herbicide applications, allowing seedling establishment and regrowth of established cool-season turfgrass species. One application of fenoxaprop, triclopyr, or their combinations did not control common bermudagrass. Sequential applications of these herbicide treatments resulted in 99, 94, and 100% control of common bermudagrass, respectively, and resulted in establishment of seeded perennial ryegrass in Riverside, CA, over a 2-yr period. Similar results were obtained in the recovery of established tall fescue from a common bermudagrass/tall fescue turfgrass mixture in Willows, CA. Both fenoxaprop and triclopyr can reduce emergence and stunt seedling growth of perennial ryegrass and tall fescue. Greenhouse studies showed that stunting and stand loss of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass seedlings could be reduced by delaying applications from PRE to the two-leaf stage.
13
Marttila, H., B. D. Dudley, S. Graham, and M. S. Srinivasan. "Does transpiration from invasive stream side willows dominate low-flow conditions? An investigation using hydrometric and isotopic methods in a headwater catchment." Ecohydrology 11, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): e1930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eco.1930.
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14
Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich, and Apurba Das. "A geospatial model to determine patterns of ice cover breakup along the Slave River." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 42, no. 9 (September 2015): 675–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2014-0377.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Spring floods have become less frequent along the Slave River and Slave River Delta. As a result, prolonged dry periods have occurred leading to an influx of invasive vegetation more tolerant to dry conditions (e.g., willows). Ice cover breakup and ice jamming can be important mechanisms in river flooding. A clear understanding of spatial and temporal patterns of the spring ice cover breakup along the Slave River could identify possible causes of reduced flood magnitude and frequency in the Slave River Delta. Few attempts have been made to examine the patterns of ice cover breakup along this river. A geospatial model has been introduced in this study to pinpoint the most likely areas of breakup initiation and persistent ice and ice cover at the end of the breakup period along the river. Relatively narrow river sections are responsible for initiation of breakup and relatively wide sections of the river have a strong predisposition for persistent ice along the Slave River. Daily time series of MODIS satellite images acquired from different years were used to examine the spatial and temporal patterns of ice breakup along the Slave River. In addition to geomorphological influence, air temperature and flow conditions also have strong impacts on the spatial and temporal patterns of the ice cover breakup.
15
Sikorska, Daria, Piotr Sikorski, Piotr Archiciński, Jarosław Chormański, and Richard J. Hopkins. "You Can’t See the Woods for the Trees: Invasive Acer negundo L. in Urban Riparian Forests Harms Biodiversity and Limits Recreation Activity." Sustainability 11, no. 20 (October 21, 2019): 5838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11205838.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Public access to high quality green environments has become a key issue for city managers and a matter of environmental justice. Urban pressures on ecosystem remnants may act to favor the expansion of some invasive species in cities. Whilst the negative impacts of invasive species on ecosystem function is well documented, little is known about how invasive species influence the use of green space by people. Here, we examined one of the few remnants of urban riparian forests in Europe, the Vistula river valley in Warsaw, which has recently become an attractive recreation site. Despite their high ecological value, the poplar and willow forests have been increasingly taken over by the invasive tree species Acer negundo. We examined the status of the invasion process and the relationship between recreational ecosystem services and the characteristics of the tree stands—tree species, tree density, and age and NDVI values. We found the willow forest to be more susceptible to invasion by A. negundo than the poplar forest, which was revealed in significantly higher share of the maple individuals and their greater volume per unit area. Ash-leaved maples also prevailed in numbers in younger stands (<10 years) than in older ones. The presence of A. negundo affected biodiversity, resulting in decreased undergrowth density and biodiversity expressed in number of species. The use intensity by the public, assessed on the basis of soil compaction of existing informal tracks, as revealed by GLM analysis, was related to volume of invasive maple and distance from the main track. This study highlights the need to integrate invasive species management into green infrastructure planning and management.
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Viereck, L. A., C. T. Dyrness, and M. J. Foote. "An overview of the vegetation and soils of the floodplain ecosystems of the Tanana River, interior Alaska." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 23, no. 5 (May 1, 1993): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x93-117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The soils and vegetation of 12 stages of forest succession on the floodplain of the Tanana River are described. Succession begins with the invasion of newly deposited alluvium by willows (Salix spp.) and develops through a willow–alder (Alnustenuifolia Nutt.) stage to forest stands of balsam poplar (Populusbalsamifera L.), followed by white spruce (Piceaglauca (Moench) Voss), and finally black spruce (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). The principal changes in substrate characteristics during the successional sequence are (i) change from sand to silt loam, (ii) increase in terrace height and distance from the water table, (iii) development of a forest floor, first of leaf litter and then live and dead feather mosses, (iv) burial of organic layers by flooding, and (v) the development of permafrost as soils are insulated by a thick organic layer. Soils and vegetation of six stands occurring in three successional stages used in the salt-affected soils study are described in detail: open willow stands (stage III), balsam poplar–alder stands (stage VI), and a mature white spruce stand (stage VIII). There is a general progression of plant species resulting from the modification of the environment by the developing vegetation and changes in soil characteristics. Life history and stochastic events are important in the early stages of succession, and biological controls such as facilitation and competition become more important in middle and late stages of succession.
17
Giljohann, Katherine M., Cindy E. Hauser, Nicholas S. G. Williams, and Joslin L. Moore. "Optimizing invasive species control across space: willow invasion management in the Australian Alps." Journal of Applied Ecology 48, no. 5 (May 31, 2011): 1286–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02016.x.
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Janicka, Maria, Aneta Kutkowska, and Jakub Paderewski. "Diversity of Segetal Flora in Salix viminalis L. Crops Established on Former Arable and Fallow Lands in Central Poland." Agriculture 11, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11010025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The flora of willow (Salix viminalis L.) plantations consists of various plant groups, including plants related to arable land, called segetal plants. Knowledge of this flora is important for maintaining biodiversity in agroecosystems. The aim of the study was to assess the segetal flora of the willow plantations in central Poland, depending on the land use before the establishment of the plantations (arable land or fallow) and the age of the plantations. Moreover, the aim was also to check for the presence of invasive, medicinal, poisonous and melliferous species. The vegetation accompanying willow was identified based on an analysis of 60 phytosociological relevés performed using the Braun-Blanquet method. For each species, the following parameters were determined: the phytosociological class; family; geographical and historical group; apophyte origin; biological stability; life-form; and status as an invasive, medicinal (herbs), poisonous or melliferous species. The results were statistically processed. Segetal species accounted for 38% of the flora accompanying willow. The plantations on former arable land were richer in segetal species than those on fallow. Mostly, short-lived and native species dominated. In line with the age of the plantations, the number of segetal species decreased. The share of apophytes increased, and anthropophytes decreased. Furthermore, many valuable plants were found among the flora accompanying willow.
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Avram, Cristina Maria, Marian Proorocu, Anamaria Mălinaș, and Cristian Mălinaș. "The Effectiveness of Natura 2000 Network in Conserving Salix alba and Populus alba Galleries against Invasive Species: A Case Study of Mureșul Mijlociu—Cugir Site, Romania." Forests 14, no. 1 (January 6, 2023): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010112.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is currently a lack of knowledge regarding the effectiveness of the Natura 2000 (N2000) network in providing protection against biological invasion by invasive alien species (IAS). In this study, we analyzed two Salix alba and Populus alba riparian habitats located both inside and outside a N2000 site from Romania in order to assess the efficacy of N2000 network in conserving this type of ecosystem against IAS. Field investigations were conducted both using polygon method for vegetation study and semi-structured interviews focusing on the local people knowledge and their contribution to biological invasion. We found that the research area located within the N2000 network is highly exposed to biological invasion by IAS, the major threat to this type of habitat being expressed by Acer negundo, which occupied more than half of the vegetation cover. It seems that not only the management strategy should be blamed for this situation, but rather its failure in popularization and application. As such, in our opinion, future management plans developed by N2000 network should rely on the intertwined co-evolutionary mechanisms existing between poplar and willow stands diversity and cultural diversity, by integrating aspects related to local traditional knowledge.
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Ónodi, Gábor, and Dániel Winkler. "Nest site characteristics of the Great-spotted Woodpecker in a bottomland riparian forest in the presence of invasive tree species." Ornis Hungarica 24, no. 1 (June 1, 2016): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/orhu-2016-0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study was carried out in Hungary, in an old unmanaged riparian poplar-willow forest during the breeding seasons of 2014 and 2015. The occurrence of two invasive tree species, the green ash and boxelder, is significant in the study area, which influences negatively the populations of native riparian tree species in Central Europe. We studied Great-spotted Woodpecker nest sites in the presence of these invasive species. Throughout the study period, eight and twelve nesting cavity trees were mapped. Trees were recorded in 20-20 circular plots of 0.05 ha both for each mapped nest trees and random plots as well. Species, diameter at breast height and condition were recorded for each tree. Composition and diversity of nest site and random plots were compared. Distributions and preferences were calculated for nest tree use. Most of the recorded trees were invasive. Nest site plots had more native trees compared to random plots. Nest site showed higher diversity in terms of all three variables. Decayed and dead willow and white poplar hybrid trees were preferred for nesting. Diameter at breast height of nest trees was between 30-90 cm. Studies about cavity excavators in transformed habitats have high importance for nature conservation of riparian forests.
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Taura, Yvonne M., and Ian C. Duggan. "The Relative Effects of Willow Invasion, Willow Control and Hydrology on Wetland Zooplankton Assemblages." Wetlands 40, no. 6 (September 4, 2020): 2585–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13157-020-01359-5.
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22
Лазарев, С. Е., А. В. Семенютина, and А. А. Хатько. "Analysis of the current state and prospects of environmentalrehabilitation of tree plantations in river valleys." World Ecology Journal, no. 1() (March 15, 2020): 22–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25726/worldjournals.pro/wej.2020.1.2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Долины малых рек являются важным элементом ландшафтно-экологического каркаса города Волгограда. В последнее время долины рек претерпели сильную антропогенную трансформацию. Сухая Мечетка является правым притоком р. Волга. Берет начало в Городищенском районе Волгоградской области и имеет общую протяженность 18,5 км. В настоящее время, река не имеет постоянного водотока и является одной из самых загрязненных малых рек Волгоградской агломерации. Естественные древесные насаждения в долине реки практически полностью отсутствуют. В условиях аридного климата долины малых рек являются единственным местом где возможно формирование естественных лесных массивов и искусственных насаждений лесопаркового типа не требующих регулярного орошения. Сохранение и восстановление пойменных и байрачных лесных массивов позволит значительно повысить санитарно-гигиеническую, рекреационную и эстетическую ценность зеленых насаждений в долинах малых рек Волгоградской агломерации. Цель исследований – оценить современное состояние и разработать механизмы сохранения, восстановления и обогащения древесных насаждений долины реки Сухая Мечетка. Объект исследований - дендрофлора долины реки Сухой Мечетки в границах Городищенцского района Волгоградской области и Тракторозаводского района г. Волгограда от Третьей Продольной магистрали до устья реки между микрорайоном Спартановка и поселком ГЭС. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что растительный покров долины реки Сухая Мечетка представляет собой сеть разрозненных интразональных сильно деградированных байрачных и пойменных растительных сообществ. Типичные байрачные лесные насаждения встречаются только на склонах долины в среднем течении реки. В древесных насаждениях пойменной части преобладают интродуцированные и инвазивные виды растений. Самая низкая антропогенная нагрузка на растительный покров в пределах исследуемой территории наблюдается на правом склоне долины в среднем течении реки. В верхней части склона сохранились типичные для данной зоны типчаково-ковыльные ассоциации и байрачные насаждения. Растительный покров пойменной террасы претерпел полную антропогенную трансформацию. В верхней части рядом с Третьей продольной магистралью пойма находится в многолетнем подтоплении, что привело к гибели крупного древесного массива с участием видов вяза Ulmus sp. Ниже по течению Сухая Мечетка представлена каскадом прудов, между которыми река не имеет русла. Заиливание почвы, подъем и высокая минерализация грунтовых вод привели к полному доминированию в растительном покрове Тростника южного Phragmites australis и Лоха узколистного Elaeagnus angustifolia L. В нижнем течении на территории бывших дачных участков сформировалось растительное сообщество со специфическим флористическим составом, основу которого составляют остатки плодово- ягодных насаждений. В результате проведенных исследований установлено, что многие интродуцированные виды сформировали устойчивые самовозобновляющиеся популяции, а некоторые из них (Hippophae rhamnoides L.), являются потенциально инвазивными и требуют организации дальнейших наблюдений за их расселением. Результаты исследований позволили выделить единственный участок в пойме Сухой Мечетки с небольшим естественным лесным массивом Ольхи клейкой Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., площадью 0,6 га. На территории ольшаника долина реки практически не подвергается экологической трансформации. Флористический состав древесных насаждений представлен местными аборигенными видами растений. Реконструкцию пойменных древесных насаждений предлагается начинать с восстановления ольшаников и ивняков, обладающих ярко выраженной водорегулирующей и руслоформирующей функцией. Для восстановления естественного биоразнообразия в пойменной части реки необходимо использовать местные природные виды: Иву пепельную Salix cinerea L. и Иву трехтычинковую Salix triandra L., Иву белую Salix alba L., Тополь черный Populus nigra L., Тополь белый Populus alba L. и Тополь дрожащий Populus tremula L. В нижних надпойменных террасах возможна посадка Дуба черешчатого Quercus robur L., Ясеня обыкновенного Fraxinus excelsior L., Яблони лесной Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill., Бересклета бородавчатого Euonymus verrucosus Scop., Жостера слабительного Rhamnus cathartica L., Сливы колючей Prunus spinosa L.. На верхних террасах и на склонах балок необходимо высаживать: Боярышник сомнительный Crataegus ambigua C.A.Mey. ex A.K.Becker, Боярышник однопестичный Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Клен татарский Acer tataricum L., Розу собачью Rosa canina L., Миндаль низкий Amygdalus nana L., Спирею зверобоелистную Spiraea hypericifolia L., Чингиль серебристый Halimodendron halodendron Pall. и др. При проведении работ по экологической реабилитации, в первую очередь необходимо обеспечить сохранность естественных природных растительных комплексов. Проектирование и устройство противоэрозионных лесозащитных насаждений на верхних террасах долины реки необходимо проводить с учетом инвазивной активности используемых видов в целях предотвращения их активного внедрения в естественные байрачные сообщества. Small river valleys are an important element of the landscape and environmental framework of the city of Volgograd. Recently, river valleys have undergone a strong anthropogenic transformation. The Sukhaya Mechetka is a right tributary of the Volga River. It originates in the Gorodishchensky District of the Volgograd Region and has a total length of 18.5 km. Currently, the river has no permanent watercourse and is one of the most polluted small rivers of the Volgograd agglomeration. Natural tree plantations in the river valley are almost completely absent. In an arid climate, small river valleys are the only place where it is possible to form natural forests and artificial plantations of the forest-park type that do not require regular irrigation. Conservation and restoration of floodplain and ravine forests will significantly increase the sanitary, recreational, and aesthetic value of green spaces in the small river valleys in the Volgograd agglomeration. The purpose of the research is to assess the current state and develop mechanisms for preserving, restoring, and enriching tree plantations in the Sukhaya Mechetka River valley. The object of research is the forest flora of the Sukhaya Mechetka River valley within the boundaries of the Gorodishchensky District of the Volgograd Region and the Traktorozavodskoy District of Volgograd from the Third Longitudinal Highway to the mouth of the river between the Spartanovka Microdistrict and the GES Settlement. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the vegetation cover of the Sukhaya Mechetka River valley is a network of scattered intrazonal highly degraded ravine and floodplain plant communities. Typical ravine forest plantations are found only on the slopes of the valley in the middle reaches of the river. Introduced and invasive plant species predominate in the woodlands of the floodplain. The lowest anthropogenic load on vegetation within the study area is observed on the right slope of the valley in the middle reaches of the river. In the upper part of the slope, typical sheep fescue – needlegrass associations and ravine plantings have been preserved. The vegetation cover of the floodplain terrace has undergone a complete anthropogenic transformation. In the upper part, near the Third Longitudinal Highway, the floodplain is in long-term flooding, which resulted in the death of a large forest area containing the elm species Ulmus sp. Downstream, the Sukhaya Mechetka is represented by a cascade of ponds, between which the river has no channel. The siltation of the soil, rise and high mineralization of groundwater led to the complete domination in the vegetation cover of common reed (Phragmites australis) and Russian olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.). In the lower reaches of the former suburban areas, a plant community with a specific floral composition has formed, the basis of which is the remains of fruit and berry plantations. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that many introduced species formed stable self-renewing populations, and some of them (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) are potentially invasive and require further observations of their settlement. The results of the research made it possible to identify a single area in the Sukhaya Mechetka floodplain with a small natural forest of black alder Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn. with an area of 0.6 ha. In the alder forest area, the river valley is almost not subject to environmental transformation. The floral composition of tree stands is represented by local native plant species. It is proposed to begin the reconstruction of floodplain tree plantations with the restoration of alders and willows, which have a pronounced water-regulating and channel-forming function. To restore natural biodiversity in the floodplain part of the river, it is necessary to use local natural species: grey willow Salix cinerea L., almond willow Salix triandra L., white willow Salix alba L., black poplar Populus nigra L., white poplar Populus alba L. and common aspen Populus tremula L. In the lower terraces above the floodplain, it is possible to plant pedunculate oak Quercus robur L., common ash Fraxinus excelsior L., European crab apple Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill, warty-barked spindle tree. Euonymus verrucosus Scop., common buckthorn Rhamnus cathartica L., and blackthorn Prunus spinosa L. On the upper terraces and ravine slopes, it is required to plant Russian hawthorn Crataegus ambigua C.A. Mey. ex A.K. Becker, common hawthorn Crataegus monogyna Jacq., Tatar maple Acer tataricum L., dog rose Rosa canina L., dwarf Russian almond Amygdalus nana L., Iberian spirea Spiraea hypericifolia L., Russian salt tree Halimodendron halodendron Pall., etc. When carrying out environmental rehabilitation, first of all, it is necessary to ensure the safety of natural plant complexes. The design and construction of anti-erosion forest protection stands on the upper terraces of the river valley should be carried out taking into account the invasive activity of the species used in order to prevent their active introduction into natural ravine communities.
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Burge, Olivia R., Kerry A. Bodmin, Beverley R. Clarkson, Scott Bartlam, Corinne H. Watts, and Chris C. Tanner. "Glyphosate redirects wetland vegetation trajectory following willow invasion." Applied Vegetation Science 20, no. 4 (August 17, 2017): 620–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avsc.12320.
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Chen, Yigen, Tom W. Coleman, Adrian L. Poloni, Lori Nelson, and Steven J. Seybold. "Reproduction and Control of the Invasive Polyphagous Shot Hole Borer, Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), in Three Species of Hardwoods: Effective Sanitation Through Felling and Chipping." Environmental Entomology 49, no. 5 (September 4, 2020): 1155–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvaa103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The invasive ambrosia beetle polyphagous shot hole borer is one member of the cryptic species, Euwallacea nr. fornicatus (Eichhoff), and poses a great ecological and environmental threat to ornamental and native hardwood trees and agriculturally important tree crops in southern California, United States. We monitored the emergence of polyphagous shot hole borer adults from chipped and unchipped cut logs of infested boxelder, Acer negundo L. (Sapindales: Sapindaceae), California sycamore, Platanus racemosa Nutt. (Proteales: Platanaceae), coast live oak, Quercus agrifolia Née (Fagales: Fagaceae), and red willow, Salix laevigata Bebb (Malpighiales: Salicaceae), every week for 4 to 5 mo. No polyphagous shot hole borer adults emerged from chipped or unchipped coast live oak logs, suggesting this species is not a preferred reproductive host. However, following chipping, a small number of polyphagous shot hole borer adults emerged from boxelder (up to 7 wk) and from California sycamore and red willow (both up to 9 wk). A significantly greater number of polyphagous shot hole borer adults emerged from unchipped logs of boxelder (up to 14 wk) and California sycamore and red willow (both up to 5 mo). Chipping of boxelder, California sycamore, and red willow by using common commercially available chippers reduced polyphagous shot hole borer emergence by over 97%. Emerged polyphagous shot hole borer adults were strongly female-biased, regardless of host. Chipping treatments were highly effective, but for the complete elimination of polyphagous shot hole borer from woody material, other sanitation measures such as solarization in conjunction with chipping are recommended. Environmental and ecological impact of polyphagous shot hole borer is reviewed and discussed.
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Caron, V., M. Norgate, F. J. Ede, T. Nyman, and P. Sunnucks. "Novel microsatellite DNA markers indicate strict parthenogenesis and few genotypes in the invasive willow sawfly Nematus oligospilus." Bulletin of Entomological Research 103, no. 1 (August 29, 2012): 74–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485312000429.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractInvasive organisms can have major impacts on the environment. Some invasive organisms are parthenogenetic in their invasive range and, therefore, exist as a number of asexual lineages (=clones). Determining the reproductive mode of invasive species has important implications for understanding the evolutionary genetics of such species, more especially, for management-relevant traits. The willow sawfly Nematus oligospilus Förster (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) has been introduced unintentionally into several countries in the Southern Hemisphere where it has subsequently become invasive. To assess the population expansion, reproductive mode and host-plant relationships of this insect, microsatellite markers were developed and applied to natural populations sampled from the native and expanded range, along with sequencing of the cytochrome-oxidase I mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) region. Other tenthredinids across a spectrum of taxonomic similarity to N. oligospilus and having a range of life strategies were also tested. Strict parthenogenesis was apparent within invasive N. oligospilus populations throughout the Southern Hemisphere, which comprised only a small number of genotypes. Sequences of mtDNA were identical for all individuals tested in the invasive range. The microsatellite markers were used successfully in several sawfly species, especially Nematus spp. and other genera of the Nematini tribe, with the degree of success inversely related to genetic divergence as estimated from COI sequences. The confirmation of parthenogenetic reproduction in N. oligospilus and the fact that it has a very limited pool of genotypes have important implications for understanding and managing this species and its biology, including in terms of phenotypic diversity, host relationships, implications for spread and future adaptive change. It would appear to be an excellent model study system for understanding evolution of invasive parthenogens that diverge without sexual reproduction and genetic recombination.
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Sehona, S., P. C. Le Roux, T. Hoareau, and M. Greve. "Genetic characterisation of the invasive Salix babylonica (weeping willow) in South Africa." South African Journal of Botany 115 (March 2018): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2018.02.120.
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Hosseini-Nasabnia, Zahra, Ken Van Rees, and Vladimir Vujanovic. "Preventing unwanted spread of invasive fungal species in willow (Salix spp.) plantations." Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology 38, no. 3 (July 2, 2016): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07060661.2016.1228697.
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Ramsfield, T. D., C. A. Carlson, M. W. P. Power, and D. Skudder. "Chondrostereum purpureum as an inundative biological control agent for invasive woody weeds in New Zealand." New Zealand Plant Protection 63 (August 1, 2010): 274. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2010.63.6581.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chondrostereum purpureum is a basidiomycete fungus that is being investigated as an inundative biological control agent for invasive woody weeds This study was conducted to assess the susceptibility of seven species of weeds to C purpureum The species that were inoculated in this trial were broom (Cytisus scoparius) gorse (Ulex europeaus) buddleia (Buddleja davidii) Himalayan honeysuckle (Leycesteria formosa) hawthorne (Crataegus monogyna) poplar (Populus trichocarpa) and willow (Salix matsudana) Two isolates of C purpureum and a control were used and were each replicated 12 times All plants were potted and the trial took place under nursery conditions Mortality and canker size were measured 6 months after inoculation Data were analysed using SAS The highest mortality (50) was recorded for broom with one isolate but very little mortality was observed across the other species A highly significant weed by isolate interaction was observed with regards to lesion length with weed species susceptibility varying with respect to one of the C purpureum isolates Hawthorn and willow had greater lesion lengths after inoculation with the same isolate that had caused mortality in broom The results from this trial are being used to direct a larger field trial
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Ozotta, Ogochukwu, and Philip J. Gerla. "Mapping Groundwater Seepage in a Fen Using Thermal Imaging." Geosciences 11, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences11010029.
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The transport of dissolved minerals and groundwater flow plays a crucial role in the ecosystem of many wetlands. Nonetheless, installing equipment to monitor groundwater seepage is invasive, harms vegetation, and can impact biodiversity. By remotely mapping surface temperature in late summer, when there is the greatest difference between warm soil and cold groundwater, temperature patterns can expose areas with the greatest upward gradient and flow. The conventional method of using tensiometers to measure hydraulic gradient and estimate flux using Darcy’s law was applied and compared with thermal imaging to characterize groundwater seepage at two contrasting sites within a central North Dakota fen (groundwater discharge wetland). Both sites exhibited variable gradients between the shallow and deep tensiometers. The temperature trend determined from the thermal imaging showed a closer relationship to the measured hydraulic gradients at the herbaceous (Sedge) site than at the wooded (Willow) site. Saturated hydraulic conductivity K ranged from 6 × 10−5 to 2 × 10−4 m/s for the Willow site; and 6 × 10−6 to 1 × 10−4 m/s for Sedge site. The flux calculated for the Willow site ranged from 1.4 × 10−5 to 2.7 × 10−4 m/s and that of the Sedge site ranged from 2.2 × 10−6 to 6.3 × 10−5 m/s. The gradients are affected at shallow depth because of heterogeneous soil stratigraphy, which is likely the reason that seepage faces at the sites cannot be mapped solely by thermal imaging.
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Nealis, V. G., I. DeMerchant, D. Langor, M. K. Noseworthy, G. Pohl, K. Porter, E. Shanks, R. Turnquist, and V. Waring. "Historical occurrence of alien arthropods and pathogens on trees in Canada." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 46, no. 2 (February 2016): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2015-0273.
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The Canadian Forest Invasive Alien Species (CanFIAS) database provides point records of alien arthropod (insects and mites) and pathogen (fungi) species found on trees in Canada extracted from more than 100 years of national surveys. Each record includes a species identification, location, year of observation, and host association and is linked electronically to its original source. More than 175 000 records of 329 alien arthropod species and 11 plant pathogens are available. Historical rates of detection, as indicated by first records, were greatest in the decades following the two world wars. The overall rate has been approximately three species per year since 1900. Richness of alien species is greatest in the Coastal and Great Lakes–St. Lawrence forest ecozones and lowest in the Subalpine and Tundra ecozones. The alien species most significant in terms of extent of invasion and damage to trees are tree-host specialists, feeding on or infecting mostly one or two genera in a single plant family. Important commercial trees including pine, spruce, poplar, and birch and amenity genera including willow, cherry, and maple host the greatest diversity of alien species. Sap-feeding insects are the most speciose feeding group, but foliage-feeding and wood-boring insects and plant pathogens cause the most damage.
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Mielczarek, Dominik, Piotr Sikorski, Piotr Archiciński, Wojciech Ciężkowski, Ewa Zaniewska, and Jarosław Chormański. "The Use of an Airborne Laser Scanner for Rapid Identification of Invasive Tree Species Acer negundo in Riparian Forests." Remote Sensing 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15010212.
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Invasive species significantly impact ecosystems, which is fostered by global warming. Their removal generates high costs to the greenery managers; therefore, quick and accurate identification methods can allow action to be taken with minimal impact on ecosystems. Remote sensing techniques such as Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) have been widely applied for this purpose. However, many species of invasive plants, such as Acer negundo L., penetrate the forests under the leaves and thus make recognition difficult. The strongly contaminated riverside forests in the Vistula valley were examined in the gradient of the center of Warsaw and beyond its limits within a Natura 2000 priority habitat (91E0), namely, alluvial and willow forests and poplars. This work aimed to assess the potentiality of a dual-wavelength ALS in identifying the stage of the A. negundo invasion. The research was carried out using over 500 test areas of 4 m diameter within the riparian forests, where the habitats did not show any significant traces of transformation. LiDAR bi-spectral data with a density of 6 points/m2 in both channels were acquired with a Riegl VQ-1560i-DW scanner. The implemented approach is based on crown parameters obtained from point cloud segmentation. The Adaptive Mean Shift 3D algorithm was used to separate individual crowns. This method allows for the delineation of individual dominant trees both in the canopy (horizontal segmentation) and undergrowth (vertical segmentation), taking into account the diversified structure of tree stands. The geometrical features and distribution characteristics of the GNDVI (Green Normalized Vegetation Index) were calculated for all crown segments. These features were found to be essential to distinguish A. negundo from other tree species. The classification was based on the sequential additive modeling algorithm using a multi-class loss function. Results with a high accuracy, exceeding 80%, allowed for identifying and localizing tree crowns belonging to the invasive species. With the presented method, we could determine dendrometric traits such as the age of the tree, its height, and the height of the covering leaves of the trees.
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Wu, Bin, Runshi Xie, Gary W. Knox, Hongmin Qin, and Mengmeng Gu. "Evaluating Beautyberry and Fig Species as Potential Hosts of Invasive Crapemyrtle Bark Scale in the United States." HortTechnology 32, no. 1 (February 2022): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech04897-21.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Crapemyrtle bark scale [CMBS (Acanthococcus lagerstroemiae)], a newly emerged pest in the United States, has spread to 16 U.S. states and unexpectedly spread on a native species american beautyberry (Callicarpa americana) in Texas and Louisiana in 2016 since it was initially reported on crapemyrtles (Lagerstroemia sp.) in Texas in 2004. The infestation of CMBS negatively impacted the flowering of crapemyrtles. We observed the infestation on the two most commercially available edible fig (Ficus carica) cultivars Beer’s Black and Chicago Hardy in a preliminary trial in 2018. To help estimate CMBS potential in aggravating risks to the ecosystem stability and the green industry, we conducted a host range and suitability test using ‘Bok Tower’ american beautyberry as a positive control with other eight beautyberry (Callicarpa) species [mexican beautyberry (C. acuminata), ‘Profusion’ bodinieri beautyberry (C. bodinieri), ‘Issai’ purple beautyberry (C. dichotoma), japanese beautyberry (C. japonica var. luxurians), ‘Alba’ white-fruited asian beautyberry (C. longissima), taiwan beautyberry (C. pilosissima), luanta beautyberry (C. randaiensis), and willow-leaf beautyberry (C. salicifolia)] and three fig (Ficus) species [creeping fig (F. pumila), roxburgh fig (F. auriculata), and waipahu fig (F. tikoua)] over 25 weeks. All the tested beautyberry species and waipahu fig sustainably supported the development and reproduction of nymphal CMBS and were confirmed as CMBS hosts. Furthermore, comparing with the control, mexican beautyberry, ‘Profusion’ bodinieri beautyberry, taiwan beautyberry, and willow-leaf beautyberry were significantly less suitable, while ‘Issai’ purple beautyberry, japanese beautyberry, ‘Alba’ white-fruited asian beautyberry, and luanta beautyberry were as suitable as ‘Bok Tower’ american beautyberry. Thus, when using beautyberries in landscapes, their different potential to host CMBS should be considered to minimize spreading CMBS through the native ecosystems.
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Slye, James N., Albert J. Lang, and Tom A. Gerow. "A Limited Rapid Assessment of Forest Regeneration in 24 Cypress and Tupelo Bottomland Swamps Following Clearcutting and Shovel Logging in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina." Forests 11, no. 8 (August 6, 2020): 854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080854.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A rapid regeneration survey within twenty-four deepwater swamps between stand ages 2 and 14 years in the North Carolina coastal plain was conducted by using a narrow rectangular inventory technique (“strip cruise”). Inventoried tracts predominantly contained cypress (Taxodium distichum) and tupelo (Nyssa species) before being harvested via clearcutting methods. Single transects on each tract began at coordinates located in the interior of the harvest areas in locations representing general tract conditions. Each transect was perpendicular to the flow of the major stream drainage associated with the harvest area. Counts and measures of dead and live stumps and seed-sourced regeneration were recorded. About 52 percent of desirable timber species stumps tallied had coppice growth. However, coppice alone was not sufficient on any tract to exceed 1112 trees ha−1. Seventy-one percent of tracts had stocking levels (coppice and seed source) at least 1112 trees ha−1 of desirable timber species or black willow (Salix nigra). Across 24 tracts, 42 percent regenerated cypress and/or tupelo to levels exceeding 1112, trees ha−1. This assessment revealed that forest regeneration success was limited on sites with altered hydrology, rampant invasive species, and/or lack of seed source. In some cases, active forest management may improve the regeneration cohort. Overall, shovel logging methods that were used on evaluated sites appear to be compatible with adequate regeneration of desirable timber species if the proper conditions exist. Additionally, we assessed species’ composition within a harvested stand measured at age eight years (a previous study) and age 68 years (measured for this study), for a comparison perspective. Results revealed a species composition change from willow at age eight years to a mixed stand of desirable timber species at age 68 years. This finding supports other studies that have recorded the successional pattern of pioneering willow shifting to desirable timber species as willow stagnates and diminishes in abundance due to natural mortality.
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Budde, Katharina B., Leonardo Gallo, Paula Marchelli, Eva Mosner, Sascha Liepelt, Birgit Ziegenhagen, and Ilona Leyer. "Wide spread invasion without sexual reproduction? A case study on European willows in Patagonia, Argentina." Biological Invasions 13, no. 1 (May 30, 2010): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-010-9785-9.
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HOLLAND-CLIFT, SARAH, DENNIS J. O'DOWD, and RALPH MAC NALLY. "Impacts of an invasive willow (Salix × rubens) on riparian bird assemblages in south-eastern Australia." Austral Ecology 36, no. 5 (September 28, 2010): 511–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02178.x.
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Stokes, Kate E. "Exotic invasive black willow (Salix nigra) in Australia: influence of hydrological regimes on population dynamics." Plant Ecology 197, no. 1 (November 29, 2007): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11258-007-9363-0.
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Quinn, Lauren D., and Jodie S. Holt. "Restoration for Resistance to Invasion by Giant Reed (Arundo donax)." Invasive Plant Science and Management 2, no. 4 (October 2009): 279–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ipsm-09-001.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe relationship between plant community composition and invasibility has been studied extensively but seldom in the context of ecosystem restoration. Experimental riparian restoration plots differing in species composition and density were established and evaluated for susceptibility to invasion by giant reed, a common riparian invader in California, and natural recruitment by riparian species over time. Plots were planted in 2002 with cuttings of common threesquare (a sedge), seepwillow (a shrub), and Goodding's willow (a tree) at two densities in monoculture and all possible mixture combinations. Giant reed rhizomes were introduced into half of the plots in the spring of 2003, while the remaining plots were allowed to undergo natural recruitment for an additional year. In late winter 2004, giant reed rhizomes were planted in the remaining plots. Both planting groups were followed for one growing season to evaluate giant reed establishment, survival, and growth. Community composition affected giant reed performance, particularly in 2003 before natural recruitment occurred. In that year, plots containing seepwillow + willow had the lowest giant reed shoot production, growth, and survival. All plots containing seepwillow were resistant to colonization by natural recruitment in 2004, but none of the planting treatments affected giant reed success in that year. Giant reed was more successful overall in 2004 despite deeper shade and drier soils. This pattern could be attributed to larger initial rhizome size in 2004, which allowed giant reed to overcome environmental stress during establishment. Planting density did not impact giant reed or natural recruitment independently, but may affect environmental parameters and warrants further study as a potential contributor to restoration success. Our results indicate that choice of species composition in restoration might impact giant reed invasion success initially, but community resistance might not be sustainable and maintenance-free over time.
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Houston, Allan E., Edward R. Buckner, and John C. Rennie. "Reforestation of Drained Beaver Impoundments." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 16, no. 3 (August 1, 1992): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/16.3.151.
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Abstract Performance of 1-0 bareroot green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh.), sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L), and baldcypress (Taxodium distichum L., Rich.) planted on drained beaver (Castor canadensis) impoundments in southwest Tennessee was promising at the end of three growing season.First-year survival was significantly increased in plots where swamp cut grass (Leersia oryzoides) was controlled; however, effective grass control opened the site to aggressive invasion by broadleaf herbaceous vegetation. No treatment effect was noted for survival or growth of seedlings by the end of the third year. Containerized seedlings of swamp white oak (Quercus michauxii Nutt.) and willow oak (Quercus phellos L) failed due to poorly developed planting stock. Natural regeneration 3 years after drainage was poor, averaging 333 boxelder (Acer negundo L.), 42 black willow(Salix nigra Marsh), and 21 cherrybark oak (Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Ell.) stems/ac. Continued beaver control was necessary to prevent recolonization of plantation sites. South. J. Appl. For. 16(3):151-155.
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Sühs, Rafael Barbizan, Michele de Sá Dechoum, and Silvia Renate Ziller. "Invasion by a non-native willow (Salix × rubens) in Brazilian subtropical highlands." Perspectives in Ecology and Conservation 18, no. 3 (July 2020): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pecon.2020.09.001.
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Ónodi, Gábor, and Tibor Csörgő. "Habitat Preference of Great-Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos major Linnaeus, 1758) and Lesser-Spotted Woodpecker (Dendrocopos minor Linnaeus, 1758) in the Presence of Invasive Plant Species - Preliminary Study." Ornis Hungarica 22, no. 2 (February 28, 2015): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/orhu-2014-0018.
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AbstractThis study was carried out in Hungary, in an old, unmanaged, riparian poplar-willow forest, where two invasive tree species, the green ash and the boxelder maple are presented and reproduce more effectively therefore are more abundant than the native species in the study area. There are also invasive hybrid wild grapes to be found. These invasive plants cause widespread problems in floodplain forests in Central Europe. We studied Great-spotted and Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers. We investigated the following questions: Which tree species are preferred by the foraging birds? How are the foraging birds distributed spatially between the microhabitats? Are there any differences in terms of foraging niche utilization between the two studied species? We gathered our data through weekly standard observations throughout two whole years. Based on our findings we could determine that both species preferred the less abundant native trees rather than the invasive ash and maple trees, though Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers preferred hybrid wild grapes the most. Great-spotted Woodpeckers preferred the middle heights of the trees, they also moved mainly on trunks. Lesser-spotted Woodpeckers used the thinnest branches in the canopy. Based on our results we predict that the decrease of the native tree species may create a suboptimal habitat compared to the current situation. As the studied species are the major cavity excavators, the above mentioned changes will probably have significant effects on numerous cavity dependent species.
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Ager, Thomas A. "Late Quaternary vegetation and climate history of the central Bering land bridge from St. Michael Island, western Alaska." Quaternary Research 60, no. 1 (July 2003): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0033-5894(03)00068-1.
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AbstractPollen analysis of a sediment core from Zagoskin Lake on St. Michael Island, northeast Bering Sea, provides a history of vegetation and climate for the central Bering land bridge and adjacent western Alaska for the past ≥30,000 14C yr B.P. During the late middle Wisconsin interstadial (≥30,000–26,000 14C yr B.P.) vegetation was dominated by graminoid-herb tundra with willows (Salix) and minor dwarf birch (Betula nana) and Ericales. During the late Wisconsin glacial interval (26,000–15,000 14C yr B.P.) vegetation was graminoid-herb tundra with willows, but with fewer dwarf birch and Ericales, and more herb types associated with dry habitats and disturbed soils. Grasses (Poaceae) dominated during the peak of this glacial interval. Graminoid-herb tundra suggests that central Beringia had a cold, arid climate from ≥30,000 to 15,000 14C yr B.P. Between 15,000 and 13,000 14C yr B.P., birch shrub-Ericales-sedge-moss tundra began to spread rapidly across the land bridge and Alaska. This major vegetation change suggests moister, warmer summer climates and deeper winter snows. A brief invasion of Populus (poplar, aspen) occurred ca.11,000–9500 14C yr B.P., overlapping with the Younger Dryas interval of dry, cooler(?) climate. During the latest Wisconsin to middle Holocene the Bering land bridge was flooded by rising seas. Alder shrubs (Alnus crispa) colonized the St. Michael Island area ca. 8000 14C yr B.P. Boreal forests dominated by spruce (Picea) spread from interior Alaska into the eastern Norton Sound area in middle Holocene time, but have not spread as far west as St. Michael Island.
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Vaudano, G. "Spiral CT Study of the Intracranial Circulation in the Evaluation of Aneurysms." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 15, no. 5 (October 2002): 507–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090201500504.
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The introduction of the new helical CT technique, particularly its innovation in multislice CT, allows an accurate study of the intracranial vascular “architecture”. The technological progress in 3D imaging, such as maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume-rendering (VR) technique, appears to be very helpful in detecting intracranial aneurysms, particularly around the circle of Willis. New reconstruction software optimises the evaluation of aneurysm size and the precise visualisation of the neck and its relationship with adjacent structures (vessels, bone …). These non invasive imaging modalities also can improve the correct planning of the following treatments.
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Feledyn-Szewczyk, Beata, Mariusz Matyka, and Mariola Staniak. "Comparison of the Effect of Perennial Energy Crops and Agricultural Crops on Weed Flora Diversity." Agronomy 9, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9110695.
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The cultivation of perennial energy crops is a new agricultural system and so there is limited information available on its effects on biodiversity. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the cultivation of energy crops on the diversity of weed flora and to compare this diversity with that found in crop production systems on arable land. The best habitats for weed flora were created by willow (Salix viminalis), poplar (Populus sp.), false acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia), and perennial grasses (25–30 species), with the exception of reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) (20 species). The lowest diversity and abundance of weed flora were observed on plantations of Virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus). Weed communities in energy crops included more perennial species (by 11%), ruderal species (by 10%), and those typical for grassland (by 7%) and forests (by 4%), in comparison to arable land. The plantations of energy plants promoted an increase in the density of the invasive species Solidago gigantea (from 1.9 to 6.3 plants m−2 over six years). The introduction of perennial energy crops into an agricultural landscape causes quantitative and qualitative changes in weed flora communities and, therefore, control of the spread of some non-native and invasive species is needed.
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Watts, C., M. Rohan, and D. Thornburrow. "Beetle community responses to grey willow (Salix cinerea) invasion within three New Zealand wetlands." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 39, no. 3 (September 2012): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.2011.645838.
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Pan, Jing, Checheng Shen, Zhao Yang, Linfeng Fan, Miaochen Wang, Shihui Shen, Jiang Tao, and Fang Ji. "A modified dental age assessment method for 5- to 16-year-old eastern Chinese children." Clinical Oral Investigations 25, no. 6 (January 9, 2021): 3463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00784-020-03668-9.
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Abstract Objectives Age estimation is widely applied in the field of orthodontics, pediatric dentistry, and forensic science. Dental age estimation by the radiological method is frequently used because of its convenience and noninvasiveness. However, there are not enough suitable methods for eastern Chinese children. This study aimed to establish a modified formula for eastern Chinese children according to the Demirjian method and then compared the accuracy of the modified method with the Demirjian method and Willems method. Materials and methods A total of 2367 dental panoramic radiographs from individuals aged 5–16 years of eastern China were collected as samples. Age estimation was conducted using the Demirjian and Willems methods. The polynomial curve fitting method was used to modify the Demirjian method to improve its application to the eastern Chinese children. The paired t test and accuracy ratio were used to compare the applicability of the modified methods with two commonly used methods. Results The mean chronological age (CA) of the subjects was 11.20 ± 3.29 years for boys and 10.99 ± 3.12 years for girls. The mean difference values between the CA and dental age (DA) (CA–DA) using the Demirjian and Willems methods were 0.73 and 0.7 for boys, respectively, and both 0.79 for girls. The modified method using the polynomial curve fitting presented a smaller underestimation compared with CA for both boys (0.04 years) and girls (0.09 years), which showed a high suitability to Chinese children to some extent. Conclusions The Willems method was more accurate in estimating DA compared with the Demirjian method. However, the modified method was more accurate than the two methods; therefore, it can be used in eastern Chinese children. Clinical relevance It was thought to be a non-invasive, convenient, and efficient method to connect DA and CA. By estimating dental age, pediatrist, and orthodontists can better understand the development of permanent teeth and provide a more accurate orthodontic treatment time and treatment plan to children patients.
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Weisberg, Peter J., and William L. Baker. "Spatial variation in tree regeneration in the forest-tundra ecotone, Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 25, no. 8 (August 1, 1995): 1326–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x95-145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ecotone vegetation may be especially sensitive to climate change. In particular, the invasion of subalpine meadows by tree seedlings has been well documented. However, there has been no systematic analysis of tree regeneration across the environmental heterogeneity of the alpine forest–tundra ecotone (FTE). Also, the position of the FTE may be relictual from more favorable climates of the past and therefore unresponsive to changing climate. To assess the environmental controls on FTE tree regeneration, to determine whether the ecotone might be relictual, and to determine whether tree invasion of nonforested FTE areas is occurring, we measured tree regeneration in various environments within the FTE of Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado. Generally, seedling establishment appears to be controlled by patterns of soil moisture. Little seedling establishment was observed in krummholz openings, except for high seedling densities in willow wetlands. Tree seedling invasion of tundra is rare. Therefore, the upper limits of the FTE in Rocky Mountain National Park may be relictual from more favorable climates of the past. Abundant seedling establishment in patch forest openings suggests that patch forest may be poised to change to closed forest.
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Hopley, Tara, and Andrew G. Young. "Knowledge of the reproductive ecology of the invasive Salix cinerea, in its invaded range, assists in more targeted management strategies." Australian Journal of Botany 63, no. 6 (2015): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt15018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Management for invasive species is expensive, costing millions of dollars every year and is sometimes unsuccessful. Current control efforts for the highly invasive willow species, Salix cinerea, are extensive, costly, and not always effective because of rapid post-removal reinfestation. An improved knowledge of the reproductive ecology of this species will help design control strategies that minimise future expansion and make current control efforts more effective. To explicitly examine the reproductive ecology of this species in its invaded range in south-eastern Australia, field observations of population structure and sex ratios, pollination experiments and germination trials were undertaken across the Ovens catchment in Victoria. Pollination-exclusion experiments strongly suggest that Salix cinerea in Australia employs two pollen-dispersal mechanisms, with insects being the dominant vector and wind playing a small but significant role (ambophilous). Seed had high initial germination rates, above 95%, but seed is very short-lived with rapid linear decline in germinability until 8 weeks, after which there was no germination at all. An improved understanding of the limited seed bank of this species and the potential it has for long distance pollination has highlighted that preventing reinfestation after control efforts should be focussed on limiting seed production and dispersal. A greater understanding of a species reproductive ecology, particularly of weed species, in their new environment can assist land managers to more effectively target their efforts for long-term eradication strategies.
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Zinovjev, Alexey G. "An European Gall-Making Sawfly, Euura cinereae Kopelke (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) on Salix atrocinerea Brotero, an Invasive Willow in Eastern Massachusetts." Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 112, no. 2 (April 2010): 342–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797-112.2.342.
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Warnert, Esther AH, Emma C. Hart, Judith E. Hall, Kevin Murphy, and Richard G. Wise. "The major cerebral arteries proximal to the Circle of Willis contribute to cerebrovascular resistance in humans." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 36, no. 8 (November 20, 2015): 1384–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0271678x15617952.
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Cerebral autoregulation ensures constant cerebral blood flow during periods of increased blood pressure by increasing cerebrovascular resistance. However, whether this increase in resistance occurs at the level of major cerebral arteries as well as at the level of smaller pial arterioles is still unknown in humans. Here, we measure cerebral arterial compliance, a measure that is inversely related to cerebrovascular resistance, with our novel non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement, which employs short inversion time pulsed arterial spin labelling to map arterial blood volume at different phases of the cardiac cycle. We investigate the differential response of the cerebrovasculature during post exercise ischemia (a stimulus which leads to increased cerebrovascular resistance because of increases in blood pressure and sympathetic outflow). During post exercise ischemia in eight normotensive men (30.4 ± 6.4 years), cerebral arterial compliance decreased in the major cerebral arteries at the level of and below the Circle of Willis, while no changes were measured in arteries above the Circle of Willis. The reduction in arterial compliance manifested as a reduction in the arterial blood volume during systole. This study provides the first evidence that in humans the major cerebral arteries may play an important role in increasing cerebrovascular resistance.
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McInerney, Paul J., Gavin N. Rees, Ben Gawne, and Phil Suter. "Implications of riparian willow invasion to instream community structure and function: a synthesis using causal criteria analysis." Biological Invasions 18, no. 8 (May 24, 2016): 2377–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10530-016-1169-3.
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