Статті в журналах: "Intrinsic volume"

1

Dedieu, Thomas. "Intrinsic pseudo-volume forms for logarithmic pairs." Bulletin de la Société mathématique de France 138, no. 4 (2010): 543–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24033/bsmf.2596.

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2

Rice, Roy W., and William J. McDonough. "Intrinsic Volume Changes of Self-propagating Synthesis." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 68, no. 5 (May 1985): C—122—C—123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1985.tb15328.x.

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3

Fernández, R., J. Mancebo, Ll Blanch, S. Benito, N. Calaf, and A. Net. "Intrinsic PEEP on static pressure-volume curves." Intensive Care Medicine 16, no. 4 (April 1990): 233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01705157.

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4

Edelsbrunner, Herbert, and Florian Pausinger. "Approximation and convergence of the intrinsic volume." Advances in Mathematics 287 (January 2016): 674–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aim.2015.10.004.

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5

Budd, Peter M., Neil B. McKeown, and Detlev Fritsch. "Free volume and intrinsic microporosity in polymers." Journal of Materials Chemistry 15, no. 20 (2005): 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b417402j.

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6

Bailey, E. Fiona, Yu-Hsien Huang, and Ralph F. Fregosi. "Anatomic consequences of intrinsic tongue muscle activation." Journal of Applied Physiology 101, no. 5 (November 2006): 1377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00379.2006.

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We recently showed respiratory-related coactivation of both extrinsic and intrinsic tongue muscles in the rat. Here, we test the hypothesis that intrinsic tongue muscles contribute importantly to changes in velopharyngeal airway volume. Spontaneously breathing anesthetized rats were placed in a MRI scanner. A catheter was placed in the hypopharynx and connected to a pressure source. Axial and sagittal images of the velopharyngeal airway were obtained, and the volume of each image was computed at airway pressures ranging from +5.0 to −5.0 cmH2O. We obtained images in the hypoglossal intact animal (i.e., coactivation of intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles) and after selective denervation of the intrinsic tongue muscles, with and without electrical stimulation. Denervation of the intrinsic tongue muscles reduced velopharyngeal airway volume at atmospheric and positive airway pressures. Electrical stimulation of the intact hypoglossal nerve increased velopharyngeal airway volume; however, when stimulation was repeated after selective denervation of the intrinsic tongue muscles, the increase in velopharyngeal airway volume was significantly attenuated. These findings support our working hypothesis that intrinsic tongue muscles play a critical role in modulating upper airway patency.

7

Liu, Xin Lu, and Ying Wang. "Influence of Internal Noise on Rhythmic Calcium Bursting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 389 (August 2013): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.389.17.

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The chemical Langevin method is adopted to study effects of intrinsic noise in calcium bursting oscillations. Results show that by changing the cell volume and thus tuning the strength of internal noise the calcium oscillations show different performance. With the addition of small magnitude intrinsic noise the bursting oscillations do not appear irregular, for moderate volumes relative regular bursting oscillations are observed and internal noise shortens the period of bursting oscillations. As the volume decreases, the level of internal noise increases. Thus, for the volume small enough, the level of internal noise becomes so high that bursting behavior is disrupted, resulting in random oscillations. The most interesting phenomenon is that with the decrease of cell volume the bursting oscillations disappear entirely and only spikes remain. This will be helpful for understanding frequency encoding.

8

Travers, Gavin, José González-Alonso, Nathan Riding, David Nichols, Anthony Shaw, and Julien D. Périard. "Exercise heat acclimation has minimal effects on left ventricular volumes, function and systemic hemodynamics in euhydrated and dehydrated trained humans." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 319, no. 5 (November 1, 2020): H965—H979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00466.2020.

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This study demonstrates that 10 days of exercise heat acclimation has minimal effects on left ventricular volumes, intrinsic cardiac function, and systemic hemodynamics during prolonged, repeated semirecumbent exercise in moderate heat, where heart rate and blood volume are similar to preacclimation levels. However, progressive dehydration is consistently associated with similar degrees of hyperthermia and tachycardia and reductions in blood volume, diastolic filling of the left ventricle, stroke volume, and cardiac output, regardless of acclimation state.

9

Singh, Ranjodh, Zhiping Zhou, Jamie Tisnado, Sofia Haque, Kyung K. Peck, Robert J. Young, Apostolos John Tsiouris, Sunitha B. Thakur, and Mark M. Souweidane. "A novel magnetic resonance imaging segmentation technique for determining diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma tumor volume." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 18, no. 5 (November 2016): 565–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2016.4.peds16132.

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OBJECTIVE Accurately determining diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) tumor volume is clinically important. The aims of the current study were to 1) measure DIPG volumes using methods that require different degrees of subjective judgment; and 2) evaluate interobserver agreement of measurements made using these methods. METHODS Eight patients from a Phase I clinical trial testing convection-enhanced delivery (CED) of a therapeutic antibody were included in the study. Pre-CED, post–radiation therapy axial T2-weighted images were analyzed using 2 methods requiring high degrees of subjective judgment (picture archiving and communication system [PACS] polygon and Volume Viewer auto-contour methods) and 1 method requiring a low degree of subjective judgment (k-means clustering segmentation) to determine tumor volumes. Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) were calculated to assess interobserver agreement. RESULTS The CCCs of measurements made by 2 observers with the PACS polygon and the Volume Viewer auto-contour methods were 0.9465 (lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit 0.8472) and 0.7514 (lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit 0.3143), respectively. Both were considered poor agreement. The CCC of measurements made using k-means clustering segmentation was 0.9938 (lower 1-sided 95% confidence limit 0.9772), which was considered substantial strength of agreement. CONCLUSIONS The poor interobserver agreement of PACS polygon and Volume Viewer auto-contour methods highlighted the difficulty in consistently measuring DIPG tumor volumes using methods requiring high degrees of subjective judgment. k-means clustering segmentation, which requires a low degree of subjective judgment, showed better interobserver agreement and produced tumor volumes with delineated borders.

10

Cuneo, B., S. Hughes, and D. W. Benson. "Heart rate perturbation in chick embryos: a comparison of two methods." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 260, no. 6 (June 1, 1991): H1864—H1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1991.260.6.h1864.

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This report compares the effects of two methods of heart rate (HR) perturbation on stroke volume and dorsal aortic flow in the Hamburger-Hamilton stage 24 chick embryo. The sinus venosus was paced at intrinsic HR and at 150, 125, 75, and 50% of intrinsic HR (n = 23). Alternatively, a 1-mm steel probe heated to increase and cooled to decrease HR was applied to the sinus venosus (n = 15). All studies were performed in ovo at 37–38 degrees C. Aortic flow (mm3/S) and stroke volume (mm3/beat) were calculated from aortic velocity, aortic cross-sectional area, and HR. Atrioventricular (AV) inflow velocities were measured during pacing (n = 10) or probe application (n = 11) technique. Dorsal aortic flow was maximum at intrinsic HR and decreased at both increased and decreased HR. Stroke volume decreased proportionally to HR during rate increase. At decreased HR, when AV synchrony was disrupted (pacing), stroke volume was unchanged from intrinsic values. However, when AV synchrony was maintained at decreased HR (cold probe), the embryonic ventricle significantly increased stroke volume.

11

McKeown, Neil B. "Organic Molecules of Intrinsic Microporosity." Organic Materials 02, no. 01 (January 2020): 020–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-3402512.

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Organic molecules of intrinsic microporosity (OMIMs) are rigid molecules with an awkward shape that are designed to pack space inefficiently in the solid state maximizing free volume and thereby generating apparent microporosity as determined by gas adsorption. In this perspective article, the origin of the OMIM concept is explained and the progress in its realization both by synthesis and packing simulation is reviewed.

12

Danielewski, Marek, and Bartłomiej Wierzba. "Intrinsic Diffusivities and Modeling of the Diffusion Multiples." Defect and Diffusion Forum 273-276 (February 2008): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ddf.273-276.105.

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In order to model the diffusion in multicomponent and multiphase systems we define and use the volume fixed frame of reference. In this unique frame all diffusion fluxes are expressed by the combined Darken-Nernst-Planck formulae. The components mobility is estimated using the NIST data and Calphad approach. The resulting CADiff method is used for the modeling (inter)diffusion process in the multicomponent diffusion multiple. We shows results for the IN718-Rene88 terminal compositions. Comparison of the simulation results with experimental data shows good agreement. The presented CADiff method allows to model interdiffusion in multicomponent non-ideal systems. When the thermodynamical data are available, the method allows to include reactions, variable partial molar volumes and effect of stress.

13

Vințe, Claudiu, Marcel Ausloos, and Titus Felix Furtună. "A Volatility Estimator of Stock Market Indices Based on the Intrinsic Entropy Model." Entropy 23, no. 4 (April 19, 2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e23040484.

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Grasping the historical volatility of stock market indices and accurately estimating are two of the major focuses of those involved in the financial securities industry and derivative instruments pricing. This paper presents the results of employing the intrinsic entropy model as a substitute for estimating the volatility of stock market indices. Diverging from the widely used volatility models that take into account only the elements related to the traded prices, namely the open, high, low, and close prices of a trading day (OHLC), the intrinsic entropy model takes into account the traded volumes during the considered time frame as well. We adjust the intraday intrinsic entropy model that we introduced earlier for exchange-traded securities in order to connect daily OHLC prices with the ratio of the corresponding daily volume to the overall volume traded in the considered period. The intrinsic entropy model conceptualizes this ratio as entropic probability or market credence assigned to the corresponding price level. The intrinsic entropy is computed using historical daily data for traded market indices (S&P 500, Dow 30, NYSE Composite, NASDAQ Composite, Nikkei 225, and Hang Seng Index). We compare the results produced by the intrinsic entropy model with the volatility estimates obtained for the same data sets using widely employed industry volatility estimators. The intrinsic entropy model proves to consistently deliver reliable estimates for various time frames while showing peculiarly high values for the coefficient of variation, with the estimates falling in a significantly lower interval range compared with those provided by the other advanced volatility estimators.

14

Agrachev, Andrei, Ugo Boscain, Robert Neel, and Luca Rizzi. "Intrinsic random walks in Riemannian and sub-Riemannian geometry via volume sampling." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations 24, no. 3 (2018): 1075–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2017037.

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We relate some constructions of stochastic analysis to differential geometry, via random walk approximations. We consider walks on both Riemannian and sub-Riemannian manifolds in which the steps consist of travel along either geodesics or integral curves associated to orthonormal frames, and we give particular attention to walks where the choice of step is influenced by a volume on the manifold. A primary motivation is to explore how one can pass, in the parabolic scaling limit, from geodesics, orthonormal frames, and/or volumes to diffusions, and hence their infinitesimal generators, on sub-Riemannian manifolds, which is interesting in light of the fact that there is no completely canonical notion of sub-Laplacian on a general sub-Riemannian manifold. However, even in the Riemannian case, this random walk approach illuminates the geometric significance of Ito and Stratonovich stochastic differential equations as well as the role played by the volume.

15

Wang, FengYu. "Intrinsic ultracontractivity on Riemannian manifolds with infinite volume measures." Science China Mathematics 53, no. 4 (January 28, 2010): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11425-010-0019-5.

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16

Mitsuhiro, Fukuda, Rajagopalan Uma Maheswari, Homma Ryota, and Tanifuji Manabu. "Contribution of blood volume changes to intrinsic optical signals." International Congress Series 1235 (July 2002): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0531-5131(02)00183-8.

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17

MO, Y., T. TAKAYA, and K. NISHINARI. "Intrinsic viscosity and partial specific volume of hyaluronic acid." Biorheology 33, no. 4-5 (July 10, 1996): 416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-355x(96)84128-x.

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18

Ohser, Joachim, Werner Nagel, and Katja Schladitz. "MILES FORMULAE FOR BOOLEAN MODELS OBSERVED ON LATTICES." Image Analysis & Stereology 28, no. 2 (May 3, 2011): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5566/ias.v28.p77-92.

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The densities of the intrinsic volumes – in 3D the volume density, surface density, the density of the integral of the mean curvature and the density of the Euler number – are a very useful collection of geometric characteristics of random sets. Combining integral and digital geometry we develop a method for efficient and simultaneous calculation of the intrinsic volumes of random sets observed in binary images in arbitrary dimensions. We consider isotropic and reflection invariant Boolean models sampled on homogeneous lattices and compute the expectations of the estimators of the intrinsic volumes. It turns out that the estimator for the surface density is proved to be asymptotically unbiased and thusmultigrid convergent for Boolean models with convex grains. The asymptotic bias of the estimators for the densities of the integral of the mean curvature and of the Euler number is assessed for Boolean models of balls of random diameters. Miles formulae with corresponding correction terms are derived for the 3D case.

19

Franklin, C., and M. Axelsson. "THE INTRINSIC PROPERTIES OF AN IN SITU PERFUSED CROCODILE HEART." Journal of Experimental Biology 186, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 269–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.186.1.269.

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An in situ perfused crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) heart preparation was developed to investigate the effects of input and output pressure on cardiac dynamics and to determine the conditions that lead to a right-to-left cardiac shunt. The pericardium was kept intact, both the left and right atria were perfused and all three outflow tracts (right aortic, left aortic and pulmonary) were cannulated, enabling pressures and flows to be monitored. The perfused heart preparation had an intrinsic heart rate of 34 beats min-1 and generated a physiological power output. Both the left and right sides of the heart were sensitive to filling pressure. Increasing the filling pressure to both atria resulted in an increase in stroke volume and cardiac output (FrankStarling effect). Increasing the filling pressure to the right atrium also had a positive chronotropic effect. Large right ventricular stroke volumes initiated a right-to-left shunt, despite the left aorta having a pressure 1.5 kPa higher than the pulmonary output pressure. The left ventricle was able to maintain its output and stroke volume up to an output pressure of approximately 8 kPa. However, the right ventricle was significantly weaker. Right ventricular output and stroke volume showed a marked decrease when the output pressure was increased above 5 kPa. A right-to-left shunt occurred when pulmonary output pressure was increased. Surprisingly, a shunt occurred into the left aorta before the pressure in the pulmonary artery became greater than that in the left aorta. Once the pressure in the pulmonary artery exceeded the left aortic pressure, pulmonary artery flow ceased and right ventricular output was solely via the left aorta. A right-to-left shunt could also be initiated by increasing the filling pressure to the left atrium.

20

Hadded, M., M. Biquard, P. Letellier, and R. Schaal. "Propriétés volumiques du nitrate d'éthylammonium fondu à 298 K et de ses mélanges avec l'eau." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 63, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v85-092.

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Partial molar volumes of water and ethylammonium nitrate EAN are determined accurately in all water–EAN mixtures, between pure water and pure fused salt at 298 K. It has been found that the partial molar volume of water decreases linearly with molar fraction of salt, x, in concentrated solution of EAN (C > 2 mol L−1, x > 0.04). The main thermodynamic relations are established to describe the volumetric behaviour of salt, water, and solution. It has been shown that the intrinsic volume of salt can be identified roughly with the molar volume of the pure fused salt and the value of apparent molar volume of water with the actual volume of water in solution.

21

Ba, Alyssa M., Michael Guiou, Nader Pouratian, Arpitha Muthialu, David E. Rex, Andrew F. Cannestra, James W. Y. Chen, and Arthur W. Toga. "Multiwavelength Optical Intrinsic Signal Imaging of Cortical Spreading Depression." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 2726–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00729.2001.

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Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is an important disease model for migraine and cerebral ischemia. In this study, we exploit the high temporal and spatial resolution of optical imaging to characterize perfusion-dependent and -independent changes in response to CSD and to investigate the etiology of reflectance changes during CSD. In this experiment, we characterized the optical response to CSD at wavelengths that emphasize perfusion-related changes (610 and 550 nm), and we compared these results with 850 nm and blood volume data. Blood volume changes during CSD were recorded using an intravascular fluorescent dye, Texas Red dextran. We observed triphasic optical signals at 850 and 550 nm characterized by spreading waves of increased, decreased, then increased reflectance (Fig. 1 ) which expanded at a rate of approximately 3–5 mm/min. The signal at 610 nm had a similar initial phase, but the phase 2 response was slightly more complex, with a parenchymal decrease in reflectance but a vascular increase in reflectance. Reflectance values decreased in phase three. Blood volume signals were delayed relative to the optical intrinsic signals and corresponded temporally to phases 2 and 3. This is the first study to characterize optical imaging of intrinsic signal responses to CSD, in vivo, at multiple wavelengths. The data presented here suggest that changes in light scattering precede perfusion responses, the blood volume increase (phase 2) is accompanied by a reduction in deoxyhemoglobin, and the blood volume decrease (phase 3) is accompanied by an increase in deoxyhemoglobin. Previous studies have suggested the oligemia of spreading depression was a result of decreased metabolic demand. This study suggests that during the oligemic period there is a greater reduction in oxygen delivery than in demand.

22

Pelletier-Baldelli, Andrea, Derek J. Dean, Jessica R. Lunsford-Avery, Ashley K. Smith Watts, Joseph M. Orr, Tina Gupta, Zachary B. Millman, and Vijay A. Mittal. "Orbitofrontal cortex volume and intrinsic religiosity in non-clinical psychosis." Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging 222, no. 3 (June 2014): 124–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.03.010.

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23

Kasaai, Mohammad R. "Intrinsic viscosity–molecular weight relationship and hydrodynamic volume for pullulan." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 100, no. 6 (2006): 4325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.22324.

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24

Li, Nan, and Raquel Perales. "The Sormani–Wenger intrinsic flat convergence of Alexandrov spaces." Journal of Topology and Analysis 12, no. 03 (November 22, 2018): 819–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793525319500651.

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We study sequences of integral current spaces [Formula: see text] such that the integral current structure [Formula: see text] has weight [Formula: see text] and no boundary and, all [Formula: see text] are closed Alexandrov spaces with curvature uniformly bounded from below and diameter uniformly bounded from above. We prove that for such sequences either their limits collapse or the Gromov–Hausdorff and Sormani–Wenger Intrinsic Flat limits agree. The latter is done showing that the lower [Formula: see text]-dimensional density of the mass measure at any regular point of the Gromov–Hausdorff limit space is positive by passing to a filling volume estimate. In an appendix, we show that the filling volume of the standard [Formula: see text]-dimensional integral current space coming from an [Formula: see text]-dimensional sphere of radius [Formula: see text] in Euclidean space equals [Formula: see text] times the filling volume of the [Formula: see text]-dimensional integral current space coming from the [Formula: see text]-dimensional sphere of radius [Formula: see text].

25

Schneider, Rolf. "Weighted faces of Poisson hyperplane tessellations." Advances in Applied Probability 41, no. 3 (September 2009): 682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1253281060.

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We study lower-dimensional volume-weighted typical faces of a stationary Poisson hyperplane tessellation in d-dimensional Euclidean space. After showing how their distribution can be derived from that of the zero cell, we obtain sharp lower and upper bounds for the expected vertex number of the volume-weighted typical k-face (k=2,…,d). The bounds are respectively attained by parallel mosaics and by isotropic tessellations. We conclude with a remark on expected face numbers and expected intrinsic volumes of the zero cell.

26

Schneider, Rolf. "Weighted faces of Poisson hyperplane tessellations." Advances in Applied Probability 41, no. 03 (September 2009): 682–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800003529.

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We study lower-dimensional volume-weighted typical faces of a stationary Poisson hyperplane tessellation in d-dimensional Euclidean space. After showing how their distribution can be derived from that of the zero cell, we obtain sharp lower and upper bounds for the expected vertex number of the volume-weighted typical k-face (k=2,…,d). The bounds are respectively attained by parallel mosaics and by isotropic tessellations. We conclude with a remark on expected face numbers and expected intrinsic volumes of the zero cell.

27

Narayan, Sanjiv M., Pooneh Esfahani, Anne J. Blood, Lucia Sikkens, and Arthur W. Toga. "Functional Increases in Cerebral Blood Volume over Somatosensory Cortex." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 15, no. 5 (September 1995): 754–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/jcbfm.1995.95.

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We have examined the relationship between cerebral blood volume (CBV) and electrophysiology over primary somatosensory cortex (S-I) in the rat. We did this by comparing the spatial characteristics and time course of activity-related changes in plasma fluorescence, intrinsic optical reflectance signals, and single unit electrophysiology in S-I to identical stimuli. S-Is of urethane-anesthetized male Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed, and fluorescent Texas Red dextran dye (MW 70,000) was administered intravenously. Subsequently, foredigit electroshock or vibrissal deflection was associated with fluorescence increases over contralateral forelimb or posteromedial barrel subfield cortex. Fluorescence was delayed and prolonged, indicating that CBV increases at 1–1.5 s and peaks 2–2.5 s after the onset of stimulation in both regions. When stimulus intensity was adjusted to produce barely detectable fluorescence foci (10% above background), significant electrophysiologic spiking was seen. At these parameters, fluorescence change overlay areas of increased cortical layer III cell firing on single unit recordings. However, surface boundaries of the smallest observable fluorescence foci at their peak spatial extents consistently overspilled electrophysiologic center receptive fields. Corresponding intrinsic optical reflectance decreases were seen at 610 and 850 nm, exhibiting similar timing and colocalizing closely with fluorescence increase at both wavelengths after identical stimuli. These signals similarly overspilled electrophysiologic activity. Thus, we observed delayed increases in vascular fluorescence (related to CBV) over activated cortex. The smallest detectable fluorescence changes overspilled the center receptive field boundaries and were associated with appreciable electrophysiologic firing. In addition, the striking spatial and temporal similarity between intrinsic optical reflectance and fluorescence activity suggests that changes in intrinsic cortical reflectance are strongly related to changes in CBV.

28

Marcus, Yizhak. "On the solubility of non-ionic organic solutes in seawater." Pure and Applied Chemistry 87, no. 5 (May 1, 2015): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2014-0908.

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AbstractGiven the solubilities of non-ionic organic solutes in water, their solubilities in seawater are obtained by correlation expressions involving two descriptors for the constituent ions (or salts) of seawater and two descriptors of the solutes. The former are the standard partial molar volumes and the intrinsic molar volumes and the latter are the molar volume (the Le Bas variant of it) and either the Hildebrand solubility parameter δH or the Kamlet–Taft solvatochromic π*.

29

Anikeenko, A. V., and N. N. Medvedev. "Volumetric Properties of a Solution of tert-Butyl Alcohol in Carbon Tetrachloride: MD Modeling." Журнал физической химии 97, no. 5 (May 1, 2023): 595–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044453723050035.

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Models of solutions of tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) in carbon tetrachloride (CTC) are obtained via all-atom molecular dynamics modeling. The excess volume of the solution and the apparent and intrinsic (geometric) volumes of both components are calculated throughout the range of concentrations. It is shown that the apparent and intrinsic molar volumes of TBA in the limit of low concentrations in solution are notably larger than in pure alcohol. At the same time, their values fall rapidly in a narrow range of concentrations (from 0 to 0.1 mole fractions), and then move almost linearly to their limit values in alcohol. It is found that such behavior of the volumetric characteristics of TBA is due to the specific association of alcohol at low concentrations because of the hydrogen bonding among TBA molecules.

30

Ansarifard, Saeed, and S. M. S. Movahed. "Cosmological consequences of intrinsic alignments supersample covariance." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 499, no. 4 (October 17, 2020): 6094–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa3214.

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ABSTRACT We examine cosmological constraints from high-precision weak-lensing surveys including supersample covariance (SSC) due to the finite survey volume. Specifically, we focus on the contribution of beat coupling in the intrinsic alignments as a part of full cosmic shear signal under flat-sky approximation. The SSC-effect grows by going to lower redshift bin and indicates considerable footprint on the intermediate and high multipoles for cumulative signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The SNR is reduced by $\approx 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ as a consequence of including the intrinsic alignment SSC, for the full cosmic shear signal, depending on the amplitude of intrinsic alignments, the ellipticity dispersion, and the survey redshift ranges, while the contribution of photometric redshift error can be ignored in the cumulative SNR. Using the Fisher-matrix formalism, we find that the impact of large modes beyond the volume of the surveys on the small modes alters the intrinsic alignments. However, corresponding impact on the cosmological parameters’ estimation is marginal compared to that of for gravitational weak lensing, particularly, when all available redshift bins are considered. Our results also demonstrate that including SSC-effect on the intrinsic alignments in the analytical covariance matrix of full cosmic shear leads to increase marginally the confidence interval for σ8 by $\approx 10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for a sample with almost high intrinsic alignment amplitude.

31

Kuo, Yue, and Chi-Chou Lin. "Polycrystalline Silicon Thin Film Formed By Multiple Pulsed Rapid Thermal Annealing – Intrinsic a-Si Film Thickness Effect." MRS Proceedings 1426 (2012): 269–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.836.

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ABSTRACTThe polycrystalline n+/intrinsic silicon thin film stacks with various original intrinsic amorphous silicon layer thicknesses were formed using the multiple pulsed rapid thermal annealing process with the Ni-induced crystallization mechanism. The thick polycrystalline silicon stack was prepared by repeated steps of 1) amorphous silicon thin film deposition, 2) solution oxidation, 3) dehydrogenation, 4) pulsed rapid thermal annealing, and 5) oxide stripping. The poly-Si film properties, such as the grain size, orientation, and volume fraction of the crystalline phase, were related to the original intrinsic silicon film thickness and the total thermal budget. This process is effective in preparing the high volume fraction polycrystalline silicon thin film, which is important for low-cost thin-film solar cells, electronic and optoelectronic devices.

32

Yam, Wun Kwan, Kin Long Fong, Juntao Wang, Siew Ann Cheong, and K. Y. Michael Wong. "Intrinsic Quasi-Periodicity in Hong Kong Housing Price and Its Prediction." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 16, no. 03 (November 2020): 645–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005720500398.

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Housing price time series is worth studying as it is closely related to the well-being of society. In the Hong Kong housing market from 1992 to 2010, signs of quasi-periodicity in housing price and transaction volume can be observed. We find that there is an overall periodicity of approximately 30 months in housing price changes and a strong lead–lag relationship between housing price and transaction volume. Analysis of the cross-covariance of the housing price, transaction volume and prime lending rate reveals that this quasi-periodicity is potentially driven by prime lending rates. Incorporation of quasi-periodicity into the kernel of Gaussian processes further enables us to construct a predictive model of the Hong Kong housing price trends that outperforms other traditional kernel functions.

33

Hug, Daniel, and Matthias Reitzner. "Gaussian polytopes: variances and limit theorems." Advances in Applied Probability 37, no. 02 (June 2005): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001867800000197.

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The convex hull ofnindependent random points in ℝd, chosen according to the normal distribution, is called a Gaussian polytope. Estimates for the variance of the number ofi-faces and for the variance of theith intrinsic volume of a Gaussian polytope in ℝd,d∈ℕ, are established by means of the Efron-Stein jackknife inequality and a new formula of Blaschke-Petkantschin type. These estimates imply laws of large numbers for the number ofi-faces and for theith intrinsic volume of a Gaussian polytope asn→∞.

34

Mahiuddin, Sekh. "Mixed alkali effect in sodium thiocyanate–potassium thiocyanate – acetamide melt systems." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, no. 5 (May 1, 1996): 760–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-083.

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Electrical conductivity and molar volume of the 0.25[xNaSCN + (1 −x)KSCN] + 0.75CH3CONH2 systems were measured as functions of temperature [Formula: see text] and composition (x = 0.0 – 1.0 mol fraction). Temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity was non-Arrhenius in nature and has been analysed by using the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. Molar volume data were fitted to an equation similar to the VTF equation based on the free volume model. Molar volumes and intrinsic volumes were found to be additive in nature. Electrical conductivity isotherms deviate from linearity in different fashion for different temperature regions. The onset of the mixed alkali effect is governed by the anion polarization effect, by a contribution of the auto-dissociated molten acetamide, and by polymeric-type solvated ions. Key words: electrical conductivity, sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, acetamide, mixed alkali effect.

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Hug, Daniel, and Matthias Reitzner. "Gaussian polytopes: variances and limit theorems." Advances in Applied Probability 37, no. 2 (June 2005): 297–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/aap/1118858627.

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The convex hull of n independent random points in ℝd, chosen according to the normal distribution, is called a Gaussian polytope. Estimates for the variance of the number of i-faces and for the variance of the ith intrinsic volume of a Gaussian polytope in ℝd, d∈ℕ, are established by means of the Efron-Stein jackknife inequality and a new formula of Blaschke-Petkantschin type. These estimates imply laws of large numbers for the number of i-faces and for the ith intrinsic volume of a Gaussian polytope as n→∞.

36

Taddei, Ulisses T., Alessandra B. Matias, Fernanda IA Ribeiro, Irene S. Davis, and Isabel CN Sacco. "The Effect of a Foot Exercise Protocol on Intrinsic Muscle Volume." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 51, Supplement (June 2019): 855–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000563057.61231.6c.

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O'Farrell, A. M., D. E. Rex, A. Muthialu, G. K. Wong, N. Pouratian, J. W. Y. Chen, A. F. Cannestra, and A. W. Toga. "Blood volume and optical intrinsic signal imaging of cortical spreading depression." NeuroImage 11, no. 5 (May 2000): S770. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1053-8119(00)91699-9.

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Ganazzoli, Fabio, Roberto La Ferla, and Giovanni Terragni. "Conformational Properties and Intrinsic Viscosity of Dendrimers under Excluded-Volume Conditions." Macromolecules 33, no. 17 (August 2000): 6611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma000258+.

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Noll, Alyssa, Matt Biery, Carrie Myers, Danyelle Paine, Ye Zheng, Emily Girard, Conrad Winter, et al. "EXTH-58. THERAPEUTIC HDAC INHIBITION IN HYPERMUTANT DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA." Neuro-Oncology 23, Supplement_6 (November 2, 2021): vi176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noab196.697.

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Abstract Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) continues to carry a dismal prognosis despite a growing understanding of its epigenetic regulation. While generally reclassified as diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant (DMG), a subgroup of DIPGs do not harbor the classic histone mutation, with a further subset exhibiting a hypermutant phenotype. To evaluate whether hypermutant DIPG shares transcriptional vulnerabilities with H3K27M-mutant DMG, we screened a biopsy-derived treatment-naive PMS2 mutant DIPG model (PBT-24FH) for sensitivity to a panel of HDAC inhibitors (HDACi). In vitro evaluation of cell viability revealed the low nanomolar IC50 of quisinostat (50nM) and romidepsin (2nM). Dose-dependent increases in H3 acetylation and c-PARP were confirmed by western blot. Despite romidepsin’s superior potency in vitro, quisinostat demonstrated greater efficacy in an in vivo PBT-24FH flank study. 42 days following drug initiation, quisinostat-treated mice displayed dramatic tumor regression (mean volume= 33mm3, n= 7) compared to mice treated with romidepsin (mean volume= 669mm3, n= 7)(p= 0.005), or vehicle (mean volume= 990mm3, n= 6)(p< 0.001). Immunohistochemistry of quisinostat-treated tumors revealed few residual tumor cells displaying a low proliferative index. To evaluate cross-resistance, romidepsin-treated mice (mean volume= 1158mm3, n= 2) were switched to quisinostat treatment and displayed swift tumor regression (mean volume after 25 days of quisinostat= 419mm3), emphasizing quisinostat’s in vivo cytotoxic effect against both large tumors and tumors previously treated by another HDACi. To evaluate quisinostat’s effect on other hypermutant tumors, we tested HCT-116, a colon cancer cell line bearing a biallelic MLH1 deletion and observed similar cytotoxicity. We also aim to repeat these studies utilizing additional pediatric hypermutant high grade glioma models. Transcriptomic and proteomic investigations are underway to identify the mechanism of action underlying quisinostat-induced cytotoxicity. Ultimately, we are the first to demonstrate in vivo efficacy of the HDACi quisinostat against hypermutant DIPG, supporting further investigation and clinical advancement.

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Bonnet, Gilles, Giorgos Chasapis, Julian Grote, Daniel Temesvari, and Nicola Turchi. "Threshold phenomena for high-dimensional random polytopes." Communications in Contemporary Mathematics 21, no. 05 (July 12, 2019): 1850038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219199718500384.

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Let [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] be independent random points in [Formula: see text], distributed according to the so-called beta or beta-prime distribution, respectively. We establish threshold phenomena for the volume, intrinsic volumes, or more general measures of the convex hulls of these random point sets, as the space dimension [Formula: see text] tends to infinity. The dual setting of polytopes generated by random halfspaces is also investigated.

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Russell, Micah, Jan U. H. Eitel, Timothy E. Link, and Carlos A. Silva. "Important Airborne Lidar Metrics of Canopy Structure for Estimating Snow Interception." Remote Sensing 13, no. 20 (October 19, 2021): 4188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13204188.

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Forest canopies exert significant controls over the spatial distribution of snow cover. Canopy snow interception efficiency is controlled by intrinsic processes (e.g., canopy structure), extrinsic processes (e.g., meteorological conditions), and the interaction of intrinsic-extrinsic factors (i.e., air temperature and branch stiffness). In hydrological models, intrinsic processes governing snow interception are typically represented by two-dimensional metrics like the leaf area index (LAI). To improve snow interception estimates and their scalability, new approaches are needed for better characterizing the three-dimensional distribution of canopy elements. Airborne laser scanning (ALS) provides a potential means of achieving this, with recent research focused on using ALS-derived metrics that describe forest spacing to predict interception storage. A wide range of canopy structural metrics that describe individual trees can also be extracted from ALS, although relatively little is known about which of them, and in what combination, best describes intrinsic canopy properties known to affect snow interception. The overarching goal of this study was to identify important ALS-derived canopy structural metrics that could help to further improve our ability to characterize intrinsic factors affecting snow interception. Specifically, we sought to determine how much variance in canopy intercepted snow volume can be explained by ALS-derived crown metrics, and what suite of existing and novel crown metrics most strongly affects canopy intercepted snow volume. To achieve this, we first used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to quantify snow interception on 14 trees. We then used these snow interception measurements to fit a random forest model with ALS-derived crown metrics as predictors. Next, we bootstrapped 1000 calculations of variable importance (percent increase in mean squared error when a given explanatory variable is removed), keeping nine canopy metrics for the final model that exceeded a variable importance threshold of 0.2. ALS-derived canopy metrics describing intrinsic tree structure explained approximately two-thirds of the snow interception variability (R2 ≥ 0.65, RMSE ≤ 0.52 m3, relative RMSE ≤ 48%) in our study when extrinsic factors were kept as constant as possible. For comparison, a generalized linear mixed-effects model predicting snow interception volume from LAI alone had a marginal R2 = 0.01. The three most important predictor variables were canopy length, whole-tree volume, and unobstructed returns (a novel metric). These results suggest that a suite of intrinsic variables may be used to map interception potential across larger areas and provide an improvement to interception estimates based on LAI.

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Karim, Putri Laksmi, Inda Astri Aryani, and Nopriyati. "Anatomy and Histologic of Intrinsic Aging Skin." Bioscientia Medicina : Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research 5, no. 11 (October 25, 2021): 1165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32539/bsm.v5i11.417.

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Aging is an inevitable and dynamic biological process that is characterized by the progressive deterioration of body systems and declines in physiological reserve capacity. Aging skin has distinct two types: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic changes reduce collagen production, blood flow, amount of skin lipid, and loss of rete ridges. Intrinsic aging or chronological aging is cannot be restored to the skin with characterized by sagging skin and some expression of excess wrinkling lines. Intrinsic aging changes in thickness and characteristics of the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis. Histologically, epidermis thinner by leveling off the dermo-epidermal junction. In the dermis, collagen fibers become thicker and irregular than younger skin, reducing the elasticity of the skin, while hypodermis reduces lipid volume.

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Osadchii, Oleg E., Gavin R. Norton, Richard McKechnie, Dawn Deftereos та Angela J. Woodiwiss. "Cardiac dilatation and pump dysfunction without intrinsic myocardial systolic failure following chronic β-adrenoreceptor activation". American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 292, № 4 (квітень 2007): H1898—H1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00740.2006.

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There is no direct evidence to indicate that pump dysfunction in a dilated chamber reflects the impact of chamber dilatation rather than the degree of intrinsic systolic failure resulting from myocardial damage. In the present study, we explored the relative roles of intrinsic myocardial systolic dysfunction and chamber dilatation as mediators of left ventricular (LV) pump dysfunction. Administration of isoproterenol, a β-adrenoreceptor agonist, for 3 mo to rats (0.1 mg·kg−1·day−1) resulted in LV pump dysfunction as evidenced by a reduced LV endocardial fractional shortening (echocardiography) and a decrease in the slope of the LV systolic pressure-volume relation (isolated heart preparations). Although chronic β-adrenoreceptor activation induced cardiomyocyte damage (deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling) as well as β1- and β2-adrenoreceptor inotropic downregulation (attenuated contractile responses to dobutamine and salbutamol), these changes failed to translate into alterations in intrinsic myocardial contractility. Indeed, LV midwall fractional shortening (echocardiography) and the slope of the LV systolic stress-strain relation (isolated heart preparations) were unchanged. A normal intrinsic myocardial systolic function, despite the presence of cardiomyocyte damage and β-adrenoreceptor inotropic downregulation, was ascribed to marked increases in myocardial norepinephrine release, to upregulation of α-adrenoreceptor-mediated contractile effects as determined by phenylephrine responsiveness, and to compensatory LV hypertrophy. LV pump failure was attributed to LV dilatation, as evidenced by increased LV internal dimensions (echocardiography), and a right shift and increased volume intercept of the LV diastolic pressure-volume relation. In conclusion, chronic sympathetic stimulation, despite reducing β-adrenoreceptor-mediated inotropic responses and promoting myocyte apoptosis, may nevertheless induce pump dysfunction primarily through LV dilatation, rather than intrinsic myocardial systolic failure.

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Bernal-Casas, D., and J. M. Oller. "Intrinsic Information-Theoretic Models." Entropy 26, no. 5 (April 28, 2024): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26050370.

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With this follow-up paper, we continue developing a mathematical framework based on information geometry for representing physical objects. The long-term goal is to lay down informational foundations for physics, especially quantum physics. We assume that we can now model information sources as univariate normal probability distributions N (μ, σ0), as before, but with a constant σ0 not necessarily equal to 1. Then, we also relaxed the independence condition when modeling m sources of information. Now, we model m sources with a multivariate normal probability distribution Nm(μ,Σ0) with a constant variance–covariance matrix Σ0 not necessarily diagonal, i.e., with covariance values different to 0, which leads to the concept of modes rather than sources. Invoking Schrödinger’s equation, we can still break the information into m quantum harmonic oscillators, one for each mode, and with energy levels independent of the values of σ0, altogether leading to the concept of “intrinsic”. Similarly, as in our previous work with the estimator’s variance, we found that the expectation of the quadratic Mahalanobis distance to the sample mean equals the energy levels of the quantum harmonic oscillator, being the minimum quadratic Mahalanobis distance at the minimum energy level of the oscillator and reaching the “intrinsic” Cramér–Rao lower bound at the lowest energy level. Also, we demonstrate that the global probability density function of the collective mode of a set of m quantum harmonic oscillators at the lowest energy level still equals the posterior probability distribution calculated using Bayes’ theorem from the sources of information for all data values, taking as a prior the Riemannian volume of the informative metric. While these new assumptions certainly add complexity to the mathematical framework, the results proven are invariant under transformations, leading to the concept of “intrinsic” information-theoretic models, which are essential for developing physics.

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Cuneo, B., S. Hughes, and D. W. Benson. "Heart rate perturbation in the stage 17-27 chick embryo: effect on stroke volume and aortic flow." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 264, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): H755—H759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1993.264.3.h755.

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Heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and aortic flow increase linearly between developmental stages 17 and 27, as the embryonic chick heart progresses from a bent tube to a rudimentary four-chambered structure and cardiac mass increases fourfold. We hypothesized that HR perturbation, expressed as percent of intrinsic HR (%HR), would have a developmentally dependent effect on flow and SV. HR was transiently perturbed to 40–250% of intrinsic rate with a 1-mm cooled or heated steel probe applied to the sinus venosus of 81 embryos. Aortic blood velocity, cross-sectional area, and HR were used to calculate flow and SV. At each stage, flow was maximal at intrinsic HR. The %HR vs. SV relationship was linear, inverse, and developmentally dependent. In spite of a tremendous change in ventricular shape, mass, and volume, HR control during development of the preinnervated heart maximizes blood flow to the developing embryo.

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Chen, Lixin, Liwei Wang, and Tim J. C. Jacob. "Association of intrinsic pICln with volume-activated Cl− current and volume regulation in a native epithelial cell." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 276, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): C182—C192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.1.c182.

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We investigated the relationship between pICln, the volume-activated Cl−current, and volume regulation in native bovine nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPCE) cells. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated the presence of pICln protein in the NPCE cells. Exposure to hypotonic solution activated a Cl− current and induced regulatory volume decrease (RVD) in freshly isolated bovine NPCE cells. Three antisense oligonucleotides complementary to human pICln mRNA were used in the experiments. The antisense oligonucleotides were taken up by the cells in a dose-dependent manner. The antisense oligonucleotides, designed to be complementary to the initiation codon region of the human pICln mRNA, “knocked down” the pICln protein immunofluorescence, delayed the activation of volume-activated Cl− current, diminished the value of the current, and reduced the ability of the cells to volume regulate. We conclude that pIClnis involved in the activation pathway of the volume-activated Cl− current and RVD following hypotonic swelling.

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van den Berg, B., H. Stam, and JM Bogaard. "Effects of PEEP on respiratory mechanics in patients with COPD on mechanical ventilation." European Respiratory Journal 4, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 561–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.93.04050561.

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We studied the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) applied by the ventilator on respiratory mechanics in ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Airway pressures, relaxed expiratory flow-volume curves and end-expiratory volumes (EEV) were measured. In all patients investigated without PEEP applied by the ventilator, an intrinsic PEEP level (PEEPi) and a concavity in the flow-volume curve was present. Ventilator-PEEP caused a significant decrease in PEEPi in all patients (p less than 0.01). In patients in whom ventilator-PEEP exceeded PEEPi, significant increases occurred in airway pressures and EEV (p less than 0.05) and moreover the shape of the flow-volume curve was changing. In patients in whom the level of ventilator-PEEP was below the PEEPi level, no significant changes in airway pressures, EEV or flow-volume curves were found. We conclude: 1) PEEP applied by the ventilator can reduce PEEPi in ventilated patients with COPD without significant changes in airway pressures, EEV or flow-volume curves. 2) Expiratory flow-volume curves can be used to estimate the effects of ventilator-PEEP on EEV.

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Makris, Demosthenes, Sylvie Leroy, Johana Pradelli, Jonathan Benzaquen, Hervé Guenard, Jeanne-Marie Perotin, Spyros Zakynthinos, Epaminondas Zakynthinos, Gaëtan Deslee, and Charles Hugo Marquette. "Changes in dynamic lung mechanics after lung volume reduction coil treatment of severe emphysema." Thorax 73, no. 6 (September 11, 2017): 584–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2017-210118.

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We assessed the relationships between changes in lung compliance, lung volumes and dynamic hyperinflation in patients with emphysema who underwent bronchoscopic treatment with nitinol coils (coil treatment) (n=11) or received usual care (UC) (n=11). Compared with UC, coil treatment resulted in decreased dynamic lung compliance (CLdyn) (p=0.03) and increased endurance time (p=0.010). The change in CLdyn was associated with significant improvement in FEV1 and FVC, with reduction in residual volume and intrinsic positive end-expiratory pressure, and with increased inspiratory capacity at rest/and at exercise. The increase in end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) during exercise (EELVdyn-ch=EELVisotime EELVrest) demonstrated significant attenuation after coil treatment (p=0.02).

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Ishibashi, Yuji, Judith C. Rembert, Blase A. Carabello, Shintaro Nemoto, Masayoshi Hamawaki, Michael R. Zile, Joseph C. Greenfield, and George Cooper. "Normal myocardial function in severe right ventricular volume overload hypertrophy." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 280, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): H11—H16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2001.280.1.h11.

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Severe left ventricular volume overloading causes myocardial and cellular contractile dysfunction. Whether this is also true for severe right ventricular volume overloading was unknown. We therefore created severe tricuspid regurgitation percutaneously in seven dogs and then observed them for 3.5–4.0 yr. All five surviving operated dogs had severe tricuspid regurgitation and right heart failure, including massive ascites, but they did not have left heart failure. Right ventricular cardiocytes were isolated from these and from normal dogs, and sarcomere mechanics were assessed via laser diffraction. Right ventricular cardiocytes from the tricuspid regurgitation dogs were 20% longer than control cells, but neither the extent (0.171 ± 0.005 μm) nor the velocity (2.92 ± 0.12 μm/s) of sarcomere shortening differed from controls (0.179 ± 0.005 μm and 3.09 ± 0.11 μm/s, respectively). Thus, despite massive tricuspid regurgitation causing overt right heart failure, intrinsic right ventricular contractile function was normal. This finding for the severely volume-overloaded right ventricle stands in distinct contrast to our finding for the left ventricle severely volume overloaded by mitral regurgitation, wherein intrinsic contractile function is depressed.

50

Kalita, Gautam, Nashiour Rohman, and Sekh Mahiuddin. "Electrical Conductivity, Viscosity and Molar Volume of Potassium Nitrate - Sodium Nitrate in Cadmium Nitrate Tetrahydrate Melt." Australian Journal of Chemistry 51, no. 3 (1998): 201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/c97007.

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The electrical conductivities, viscosities and molar volumes of the 0·3[xKNO3+(1 – x)NaNO3]+ 0·7Cd(NO3)2.4·4H2O systems were measured as functions of temperature (293·15 ≤ T/K ≤ 363·15) and composition (x = 0·0 to 1·0 mole fraction). The temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity and viscosity was non-Arrhenius in nature and has been analysed by using the Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) equation. Both conductivity and viscosity vary non-linearly with the molar volume and have been explained by using VTF-type equations based on the free volume model. In the present system the molar volume and the intrinsic volume are additive. A significant mixed alkali effect has been observed in the normalized electrical conductivity and viscosity and in the electrical conductivity at the isofluidity condition. The variation of the electrical conductivity is governed by the mobility of the potassium ions. The onset of the mixed alkali effect has been explained by the anion polarization model.

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