Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Intrapersonal offence"

The extent to which the age of the offender or the victim influences respondents’ respective evaluations of crime seriousness and punitiveness has rarely been studied. This study hypothesizes that evaluations of the severity of offenses with intrapersonal and interpersonal social implications and the estimation of their punitiveness will be more serious when the offenses are performed by younger than by older offenders and less serious when they harm younger as opposed to older victims. Results from 129 undergraduate students who were administered the Multidimensional Social Transgressions Scale (MSTS) confirm the hypotheses. The findings are discussed in light of crime theories, social theories, and ageism studies.

ZusammenfassungDer Sibling Perception Questionnaire (SPQ) erfasst die Auswirkungen einer Krebserkrankung eines Kindes auf gesunde Geschwister hinsichtlich intrafamiliärer Beziehungen und Kommunikation sowie individuelle krankheitsbezogene Wahrnehmungen und Ängste. Ziel dieser Studie ist die Untersuchung der psychometrischen Eigenschaften der ins Deutsche übersetzten Version des SPQ. Dazu wurden die Daten zu 216 gesunden Geschwistern mit 164 Fragebögen im Selbstbericht und 212 Elternberichten gesammelt. Anhand dessen wurden die 4 Subskalen „Interpersonale Schwierigkeiten“, „Intrapersonale Schwierigkeiten“, „offene Kommunikation“ und „Angst vor der Erkrankung“ mit insgesamt 23 Items untersucht. Es zeigten sich akzeptable bis gute Skalenkonsistenzen im Elternbericht (Cronbach’s α=0,73–0,87) und im Selbstbericht (α=0,59–0,80), mit Ausnahme der Skala Angst vor der Erkrankung (α=0,35 und 0,16). Im Hinblick auf die konvergente Validität zeigten sich ein deutlicher korrelativer Zusammenhang zwischen Skalen des SPQ und Skalen des Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) und des Lebensqualitätsinventars für Kinder (LQ-KID) (r=− 0,37; r=0,63; p≤0,001). Die deutsche Version des SPQ stellt sowohl als Selbst- und Elternbericht ein reliables und valides Instrument zur Erfassung der emotionalen Reaktion eines gesunden Kindes auf die Krebserkrankung eines Geschwisterkindes dar. Weitere Untersuchungen an unterschiedlichen Stichproben werden empfohlen.

PurposeBuilding on the “Stress-as-Offense-to-Self” theory, this study investigates appreciation as a predictor of job satisfaction over time, mediated by subjective success and feelings of resentment towards one's organization.Design/methodology/approachAnalyses are based on a three-wave study with two-month time intervals, with a sample of 193 employees from six Swiss organizations.FindingsDouble mediation by subjective success and feelings of resentment was confirmed; no mediation was found in a reversed mediation model. Results highlight the importance of appreciation for employees' feelings of success and job satisfaction, but also for affect related to the organization as a whole.Practical implicationsOrganizations should recognize the role of appreciation in satisfaction, affective reactions toward the organization, and information about one's standing. Appreciation can be expressed in multiple ways; it not only increases job satisfaction but also helps employees to validate their judgments about their own performance.Originality/valueAppreciation is a promising resource for employee well-being. The present study is one of few focusing on appreciation as a resource in its own right, rather than as part of broader constructs, such as social support. Our results not only confirm the importance of appreciation but also shed light on mechanisms through which it may exert its influence. They complement a multilevel analysis based on the same data showing an association of appreciation with different indicators of well-being on the interpersonal as well as the intrapersonal level.

This qualitative study aims to explore the personal experience of former prisoners jailed for terrorism-related offenses in Indonesia who have reported or have been reported as having deradicalised or disengaged from violent extremism. The participants were interviewed about their experiences of deradicalisation and disengagement and the perceived implication of the experiences on their identities. Data were collected through semistructured interviews and analysed using a thematic analysis. The results show that most participants reported that they experience identity threats because of their status as former terrorist prisoners from former comrades as well as from the wider society. The threats were said to have impacted negatively upon their positive sense of self; thus, they invoked the strategies to cope with the threats. While participants’ strategies to cope with former jihadist comrades’ threats operated in the intrapersonal level, their strategies to alleviate the threats from wider society occur in the interpersonal level. This study found that most participants re-evaluate their past experiences positively and even utilised them as a part of their present identities primarily when they dealt with former comrades’ criticisms. To resist the wider society’s stigma and suspicion, they concealed their identity as a former terrorist prisoner while, at the same time, bolstered their personal characteristics in terms of interpersonal relationships.

Purpose In the workplace, forgiveness can increase positive interactions between the victim and offender in the aftermath of a conflict. As an important intrapersonal factor in an organization, a victim’s power motives may shape one’s forgiveness. However, previous research shows inconsistent results because it only considers explicit power motives while ignoring the possible contingent role of implicit power motives in influencing forgiveness. This paper aims to consider both implicit and explicit power motives and aims to examine their joint effect on interpersonal forgiveness in the workplace conflict. Design/methodology/approach Polynomial regressions with response surface analysis were conducted with 415 Amazon Mechanical Turk users. Implicit power motives were measured by using a modified picture story exercise technique, whereas explicit power motives were measured via self-response scales. Findings First, congruence in power motives was associated with higher empathy and forgiveness than incongruence. In addition, high-implicit/high explicit power motives led to higher level of empathy and forgiveness than low-implicit/low-explicit power motives. Furthermore, directional power motive incongruence had an additive effect on forgiveness, such that discrepantly low-implicit/high-explicit power motives were more detrimental to empathy and forgiveness than discrepantly high-implicit/low-explicit power motives. Finally, empathy underlies the combined effect of implicit and explicit power motives on forgiveness. Practical implications The findings suggest that in a workplace conflict, managers should consider an employee’s explicit and implicit motives. To build the harmony group work climate, managers can improve intrapersonal implicit–explicit power motive congruence by providing developmental support and training focusing on self-enhancement and self-affirmation with the low-explicit-powerful employees. Further, to promote forgiveness in a conflict, organizations can use empathy-based exercise and provide team building activities to increase employees’ empathy and perspective-taking toward others. Originality/value By integrating implicit–explicit framework, this paper conciliates previous studies investigating the relationship between power and forgiveness by proposing that the two types of power motives, implicit and explicit power motives, jointly influences a victim’s forgiving tendency. This study serves as a meaningful touchstone for future research to consider both implicit and explicit power motives into the organizational conflict framework.

Summary: The development is described of the Antisocial Personality Questionnaire (APQ), a short multitrait, self-report inventory that measures intrapersonal and interpersonal dispositions of relevance to antisocial populations. Scales were generated through factor analysis of an item pool adapted from the MMPI, Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, and a self-report scale of Psychopathy, using samples of male mentally disordered offenders (N = 499) and male volunteer nonoffenders (N = 238). Eight factors extracted were identified as Self-Control, Self-Esteem, Avoidance, Paranoid Suspicion, Resentment, Aggression, Deviance, and Extraversion. Short scales constructed to measure these have satisfactory reliability (α), and correlations with measures of personality disorder, observer ratings of interpersonal style, and criminal career data support their construct validity. Scale intercorrelations yield two higher-order dimensions of hostile impulsivity and social withdrawal that reflect orientations towards others and the self, respectively. The APQ provides comprehensive coverage of the deviant traits implicated in personality disorder and antisocial behavior, and appears to tap three of the Big Five personality dimensions (Neuroticism, Extraversion and Agreeableness). The questionnaire has satisfactory psychometric properties and can aid research and intervention with offenders.

This dissertation explores the potential additive benefits of self-forgiveness within Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT). It examines the importance of self-forgiveness and new wave treatment approaches for addressing psychological distress, which most commonly manifests as anxiety and depression. This research sought to establish explicit and practical links between current evidence-based approaches within Relational Frame Theory (RFT) and ACT, together with research into self-forgiveness, and tested the potential value of a set of principles that could be used with both individuals and groups affected by shame and guilt associated with personal transgressions
Thesis (Ph.D.) (Research by Publication) -- University of Adelaide, School of Psychology, 2017

In South Africa all the major categories of violent crime (homicide, aggravated robbery, serious assault and rape) showed an increase during the early 2000s. More than half of the total offences that were committed in South Africa during 2005 were aggressive offences. The goal of the study was to explore the perception of offenders regarding the triggering and contributing socio-economic factors to aggravated robbery with a view to inform rehabilitation and re-integration programmes for these offenders. Within the context of the interrelatedness of socio-economic factors such as poverty, inequality, unemployment and human rights, developmental social welfare and its underpinning theory of social development was an appropriate theoretical framework for the study. A qualitative research approach was utilised for the study and data was gathered by means of semi-structured interviews. Respondents for the study included maximum-term offenders that were serving an imprisonment sentence for aggravated robbery. The research findings indicate a reciprocal relationship between poverty, inequality, unemployment, intoxicating substances and intra- and interpersonal factors as possible triggering and contributing factors to aggravated robbery. Unemployment, which is exacerbated by a lack of education and skills development and linked to intra- and interpersonal factors, appears to be a dominant socio-economic factor that could contribute to or trigger aggravated robbery. The study concluded that rehabilitation programmes still lack a holistic, integrated developmental approach and hence do not prepare ex-offenders for full integration into society. The Department of Correctional Services was pointed out as a significant role-player in facilitating rehabilitation programmes that include skills development for job creation in a holistic, integrated developmental manner. Recommendations include that the Department of Correctional Services should seek partnerships and closer working relations with external service providers, and develop and implement integrated developmental rehabilitation programmes that will facilitate the creation of productive economic opportunities for offenders while they are still incarcerated and once they have been released back into the community.
Dissertation (MSW)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Social Work and Criminology
unrestricted

This chapter examines sexual abuse by clergy, which has received a great deal of media attention and has generated immense public outcry toward the perpetrators and the church. The Catholic Church has been criticized for protecting child molesters and for concealing the widespread problem of clergy sexual abuse within the Church. Perpetrators of child sexual abuse, however, can be found among clergy of various denominations and across the globe. Moreover, allegations of child sexual abuse have been made in almost every type of community institution serving children, including schools, sports, and voluntary organizations. The chapter focuses on etiological factors comprising intrapersonal, interpersonal, and systemic levels of analysis, and presents current clergy offender typologies that have attained general acceptance within the scientific community. It also offers some suggestions regarding prevention, training, and treatment.