Статті в журналах: "Intramedullary spinal cord tumors"

1

Goodrich, James T. "Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American Volume) 79, no. 3 (March 1997): 477–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199703000-00039.

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2

Koyama, Tsunemaro. "Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors:." Spinal Surgery 18, no. 2 (2004): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2531/spinalsurg.18.71.

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3

Martin, David S. "Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors." Radiology 205, no. 2 (November 1997): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.205.2.326.

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4

Koos, W. "Intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Neurocirugía 2, no. 3 (1991): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1130-1473(91)71148-2.

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5

Belzberg, Allan J. "Intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 103, no. 3 (September 1997): 418–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4694(97)09701-4.

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6

van Dijk, J. M. C. "Intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 99, no. 1 (February 1997): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0303-8467(97)87750-5.

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7

Rubio, A. "Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors." Archives of Neurology 54, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archneur.1997.00550170010005.

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8

Luerssen, Thomas G. "Intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 32, no. 6 (June 1997): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(97)90655-2.

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9

Bowers, Daniel C., and Bradley E. Weprin. "Intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Current Treatment Options in Neurology 5, no. 3 (June 2003): 207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11940-003-0011-2.

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10

Lee, Mark, Ali R. Rezai, Rick Abbott, Daniel H. Coelho, and Fred J. Epstein. "Intramedullary spinal cord lipomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 82, no. 3 (March 1995): 394–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.82.3.0394.

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✓ Spinal cord lipomas are rare lesions, accounting for approximately 1% of all spinal cord tumors. True intramedullary spinal cord lipomas are extremely rare and are represented in the literature as scattered, single case reports. The authors present a series of six patients with intramedullary spinal cord lipomas managed at our institution from July, 1985 to July, 1993. The patients' ages ranged from 8 to 45 years. Four patients presented with newly diagnosed tumors and two had undergone previous surgery. Patients usually presented with long histories of disability followed by rapid progression of their symptoms. Most patients were in poor neurological condition on presentation. Presenting symptoms included spinal pain, dysesthetic sensory changes, gait difficulties, weakness, and incontinence. Three patients had cervical tumors, two had cervicothoracic tumors, and one patient had a thoracic tumor. Diagnostic studies, including magnetic resonance imaging, were obtained in all patients. No patient exhibited any form of spinal dysraphism or had a dural defect. All patients underwent decompressive, subtotal resections of 40% to 70% of their lesions. Follow-up times ranged from 12 to 96 months. All patients had resolution of their pain, but they generally showed no neurological improvement. As of their most recent follow-up visit, none of the patients was neurologically normal; three can function independently, although with neurological deficits. The other three patients cannot function independently and have severe neurological deficits. The authors conclude that patients with intramedullary spinal cord lipoma who present with significant neurological compromise have a very poor prognosis with regard to neurological function and generally show no improvement with surgical resection.

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11

Wilson, RB, and SL Beckman. "Mucinous oligodendroglioma of the spinal cord in a dog." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 31, no. 1 (January 1, 1995): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/15473317-31-1-26.

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Intraspinal neoplasia in the dog is relatively rare and may be classified according to the location of the tumor. Extradural tumors are situated outside the dura mater. Intradural tumors may be subdivided into two classes, depending upon whether the tumor is located outside the spinal cord in the subdural space (intradural extramedullary) or within the spinal cord substance (intramedullary). Intramedullary tumors are the least commonly reported spinal cord tumors; most primary intramedullary tumors are astrocytomas, ependymomas, or oligodendrogliomas. Reported here are the clinical, radiographic, and pathological findings associated with a spinal cord oligodendroglioma in a dog.

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12

Auguste, Kurtis I., and Nalin Gupta. "Pediatric Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors." Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 17, no. 1 (January 2006): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nec.2005.10.004.

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13

Rekate, Harold L. "Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Child's Nervous System 15, no. 1 (January 28, 1999): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050314.

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14

Nadkarni, Trimurti D., and H. L. Rekate. "Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Child's Nervous System 15, no. 1 (January 28, 1999): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050321.

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15

Leland Albright, A. "Pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Child's Nervous System 15, no. 9 (September 21, 1999): 436–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003810050431.

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16

Rifkinson-Mann, Stephanie, Jeffrey H. Wisoff, and Fred Epstein. "The Association of Hydrocephalus with Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors: A Series of 25 Patients." Neurosurgery 27, no. 5 (November 1, 1990): 749–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199011000-00012.

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Abstract 171 patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors were operated on, of which 25 patients (15%), mostly children, developed symptomatic hydrocephalus. Twenty patients (12%) had malignant tumors, with 13 of the 20 cases (63%) complicated by increased intracranial pressure and ventriculomegaly. Of the remaining 151 patients with benign tumors (89%), only 12 (8%) developed symptomatic hydrocephalus. In an effort to understand the relationship between hydrocephalus and intramedullary spinal cord tumor, the authors analyze the level and histology of the neoplasm, as well as its association with spinal cysts. A review of the neurosurgical literature reveals that 34 similar cases of hydrocephalus associated with intramedullary spinal cord tumors have been reported to date. The authors note that the presence of hydrocephalus in patients with malignant intramedullary astrocytomas is associated with a shorter rate of survival than in those patients with high-grade lesions but without hydrocephalus, apparently due to rapid tumor progression. The ventriculomegaly seen with benign spinal cord gliomas has no statistically significant effect upon longterm prognosis.

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17

White, J. Bradley, Gary M. Miller, Kennith F. Layton, and William E. Krauss. "Nonenhancing tumors of the spinal cord." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 7, no. 4 (October 2007): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi-07/09/10/403.

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Object Enhancement of pathological entities in the central nervous system is a common finding when the blood–brain barrier has been compromised. In the brain, the presence or absence of gadolinium enhancement is often an indicator of tumor invasiveness and/or grade. In the spinal cord, however, contrast enhancement has been shown in all tumor types, regardless of grade. In this study the authors explore the incidence of nonenhancing tumors of the spinal cord and the clinical course of patients with these lesions. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted in which investigators examined the patterns of enhancement of histologically proven intramedullary spinal cord tumors that had been evaluated at the Mayo Clinic between 1998 and 2002. The tumors that did not enhance were the subject of this report. Results A total of 130 patients with intramedullary tumors were evaluated. Of those, 11 patients (9%) had tumors that did not enhance. Histologically, a majority of tumors were astrocytomas (eight low-grade and two high-grade lesions); one tumor was a subependymoma. Morphologically, most of the tumors were diffuse and none had associated cysts. Tumors spanned from two to seven levels and were located throughout the spinal cord (four cervical, three cervicothoracic, one thoracic, and three thoracolumbar). Biopsy procedures were performed in eight patients, subtotal resection was performed in two, and gross-total resection in one. After a mean follow-up period of 19 months, tumors remained stable in eight patients but progressed in three, two of whom died. Conclusions A number of intramedullary spinal cord tumors will not enhance after addition of contrast agents. The absence of enhancement does not imply the absence of tumor.

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18

Sciubba, Daniel M., Daniel Liang, Karl F. Kothbauer, Joseph C. Noggle, and George I. Jallo. "The Evolution of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Surgery." Operative Neurosurgery 65, suppl_6 (December 1, 2009): ons84—ons92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000345628.39796.40.

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Abstract Objective: Resections of intramedullary spinal cord tumors were attempted as early as 1890. More than a century after these primitive efforts, profound advancements in imaging, instrumentation, and operative techniques have greatly improved the modern surgeon’s ability to treat such lesions successfully, often with curative results. Methods: We review the history of intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery, as well as the evolution and advancement of technologies and surgical techniques that have defined the procedure over the past 100 years. Results: Surgery to remove intramedullary spinal cord tumors has evolved to include sophisticated imaging equipment to pinpoint tumor location, laser scalpel systems to provide precise incisions with minimal damage to surrounding tissue, and physiological monitoring to detect and prevent intraoperative motor deficits. Conclusion: Modern surgical devices and techniques have developed dramatically with the availability of new technologies. As a result, continual advancements have been achieved in intramedullary spinal cord tumor surgery, thus increasing the safety and effectiveness of tumor resection, and progressively improving the overall outcomes in patients undergoing such procedures.

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19

Singh Naik, B. D. Bharath, Kadali Satyavara Prasad, Phaneeswar Thota, and Raman B. V. S. "Institutional experience of surgical management of intramedullary spinal cord tumours." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 4 (March 28, 2017): 1319. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20170925.

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Background: Intramedullary spinal cord tumors are rare entity accounting for only 5-6% of all central nervous system tumors. Much literature is not available regarding these tumors owing to their rarity. Present study includes 24 cases of intramedullary spinal cord tumors with pain and progressive weakness. Radiological evaluation showed various intramedullary lesions like ependymoma, astrocytoma, epidermoid etc. spreading over various levels of spinal cord like cervicomedullary, cervicodorsal and dorsal cords.Methods: The study included all the cases admitted with intramedullary spinal cord tumors in neurosurgery ward in King George hospital, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India during a period of three years from 2014 to 2016. Clinical profile of the patients was analyzed for the clinical presentation, age and sex distribution, histopathological study, pre-and postoperative neurological status, complications and functional outcome. All the patients are followed for a period of 6months to 3years.Results: Of the 24 cases, most common age group was second (7 patients) and third (7 patients) decades which is upto 29.16% each. Males (16 patients) are more affected than females in 66.66%. Ependymoma is the most common tumor seen in 41.66% (10 patients) followed by astrocytoma in 33.33% (8 patients). The surgical technique, extent of resection, pre and postoperative neurological status and functional outcome are discussed.Conclusions: Intramedullary tumours occur commonly among males in the 2nd to 4th decades. Among the intramedullary tumours ependymoma from the commonest lesion subtypes. Most common location is cervical cord segment. Ependymomas have a good plane of cleavage and are thus amenable to radical excision. Patients with good Mc Cormicks grade in pre-operative stage are more amenable for total or near total excision. Prognostic factors affecting outcome are the preoperative neurological status, the plane of cleavage, the extent of resection, the nature and subtype of the lesion. With the improvement in microsurgical techniques and novel adjunctive like MRI, CUSA and intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring, surgery for intramedullary lesions can be carried out with acceptable morbidity and mortality.

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20

Steinbok, Paul, D. Douglas Cochrane, and Kenneth Poskitt. "Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors in Children." Neurosurgery Clinics of North America 3, no. 4 (October 1992): 931–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1042-3680(18)30636-3.

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21

Jallo, George I., Diana Freed, and Fred Epstein. "Intramedullary spinal cord tumors in children." Child's Nervous System 19, no. 9 (September 1, 2003): 641–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-003-0820-3.

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22

Kushel’, Yu V., Yu D. Belova, and A. R. Tekoev. "Intramedullary spinal cord tumors and neurofibromatosis." Voprosy neirokhirurgii imeni N.N. Burdenko 81, no. 1 (2017): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17116/neiro201780770-73.

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23

de León, Fernando Chico-Ponce, Luis Felipe Gordillo-Domʼnguez, and Eduardo Castro-Sierra. "Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors in Children." Contemporary Neurosurgery 28, no. 10 (May 2006): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00029679-200605300-00001.

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24

de León, Fernando Chico-Ponce, Luis Felipe Gordillo-Domínguez, and Eduardo Castro-Sierra. "Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors in Children." Contemporary Neurosurgery 28, no. 11 (June 2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00029679-200606010-00001.

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25

Lee, Mark, Ali R. Rezai, Diana Freed, and Fred J. Epstein. "Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors in Neurofibromatosis." Neurosurgery 38, no. 1 (January 1996): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199601000-00009.

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26

Zileli, M., E. Coşkun, N. Özdamar, I. Övül, E. Tunçbay, K. Öner, and N. Oktar. "Surgery of intramedullary spinal cord tumors." European Spine Journal 5, no. 4 (August 1996): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00301327.

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27

Murata, Hidetoshi. "Surgery of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors." Spinal Surgery 36, no. 2 (2022): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2531/spinalsurg.36.132.

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28

McCormick, Paul C. "Microsurgical resection of intramedullary spinal cord hemangioblastoma." Neurosurgical Focus 37, v2supplement (September 2014): Video10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.v3.focus14306.

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Spinal cord hemangioblastomas account for about 10% of spinal cord tumors. They usually arise from the dorsolateral pia mater and are characterized by their significant vascularity. The principles and techniques of safe resection are different than those employed for the more commonly occurring intramedullary glial tumors (e.g. ependymoma, astrocytoma) and consist of circumferential detachment of the tumor margin from the surrounding normal pia. This video demonstrates the microsurgical techniques of resection of a thoracic spinal cord hemangioblastoma.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/yT5KLi4VyAo.

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Roux, Alain, Claude Mercier, Albert Larbrisseau, Louis-Jacques Dube, Céline Dupuis, and Raquel Del Carpio. "Intramedullary epidermoid cysts of the spinal cord." Journal of Neurosurgery 76, no. 3 (March 1992): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1992.76.3.0528.

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✓ Epidermoid cysts are tumors familiar to neurosurgeons, but intramedullary epidermoid cysts are rare. The authors report the case of a 6-year-old girl presenting with progressive paraparesis. A midthoracic intramedullary mass was revealed on myelography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and confirmed as an intramedullary epidermoid cyst at surgery, at which time the cyst was removed. This is the fourth report documenting a purely intramedullary epidermoid cyst occurring in a child. The pathology and etiology, epidemiology, clinical features, radiology (including MR image characteristics), and surgical treatment of such rare intramedullary benign tumors are discussed. Magnetic resonance imaging reduces the delay in diagnosis of spinal cord tumors but should be guided by clinical judgment.

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30

Bell, William O., Roger J. Packer, Kathy R. Seigel, Lucy B. Rorke, Leslie N. Sutton, Derek A. Bruce, and Luis Schut. "Leptomeningeal spread of intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery 69, no. 2 (August 1988): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.69.2.0295.

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✓ Three patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors and secondary leptomeningeal spread of their tumors are presented. Two patients had astrocytomas and one had a ganglioglioma. Two tumors were located in the cervical spinal cord and one within the thoracic spinal cord. Review of the past and recent literature shows leptomeningeal dissemination of spinal cord tumors to be relatively rare, but it should be suspected and investigated in any patient whose condition deteriorates following removal of a spinal cord neoplasm.

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31

Khan, Ahsan Ali, Lukui Chen, Xiaoyuan Guo, Hong Wang, Guojian Wu, Jun Kong, and Ning Yin. "Resection of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor under Awake Anesthesia: A Novel Approach to Minimize Postoperative Motor Deficits." Translational Neuroscience and Clinics 3, no. 1 (March 2017): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18679/cn11-6030_r.2017.004.

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Objective To observe advantages and disadvantages of the resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumor under awake anesthesia. Methods Two patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumor underwent resection under awake anesthesia and followed up post-operatibely for any motor deficits. Results Patients who underwent tumor resection under awake (AAA) anesthesia combined with intraoperative NPM had no motor deficits postoperatively. More accurate and nondelayed responses were observed in the awake cycle of anesthesia and helped guide surgery, thus avoiding injuries to the spinal cord. Conclusion Intramedullary spinal cord tumors are not common, but only gross total resection (GTR) can provide complete remission of symptoms and progression-free survival. However, GTR sometimes results in motor function deficits postoperatively, particularly when the cervical cord is involved, and especially if surgery is done under general anesthesia with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (NPM) alone, because of delayed sensory evoked potential and motor evoked potential responses. We present two cases that underwent GTR of cervical intramedullary spinal cord tumors under an asleep-awake-asleep (AAA) cycle of anesthesia, combined with intraoperative NPM in which no postoperative motor deficits were observed on 6-months follow up.

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32

Solomon, Robert A., and Bennett M. Stein. "Unusual spinal cord enlargement related to intramedullary hemangioblastoma." Journal of Neurosurgery 68, no. 4 (April 1988): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1988.68.4.0550.

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✓ In a series of 60 intramedullary spinal cord tumors, there were eight cases of hemangioblastoma. Seven of these eight patients displayed evidence of diffuse spinal cord enlargement over multiple levels at a considerable range beyond the actual location of the tumor. One patient had a large intramedullary cyst that accounted for only part of the enlargement, and one had multiple tumor nodules. Six other patients had no obvious explanation for the diffuse cord enlargement. This phenomenon of extensive spinal cord enlargement appears to be unique to this type of tumor and not related to multiple tumors or extensive cyst formation. The cord enlargement seems to be related to edema and congestion of the spinal cord, perhaps secondary to the vascular shunt present in the hemangioblastomas. The possible pathophysiology and clinical importance of this observation is discussed.

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33

Takami, Toshihiro, Kentaro Naito, Toru Yamagata, Nobuyuki Shimokawa, and Kenji Ohata. "Benefits and Limitations of Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Image-Guided Surgery for Spinal Intramedullary Tumors." Operative Neurosurgery 13, no. 6 (May 5, 2017): 746–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opx057.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Intraoperative image guidance using near-infrared indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA) has been used to provide real-time angiographic images during vascular or brain tumor surgery, and it is also being used for spine surgery. OBJECTIVE To further investigate the benefits and limitations of ICG-VA image-guided surgery for spinal intramedullary tumors through retrospective study. METHODS ICG-VA was used in 48 cases that were treated surgically over the past 5 yr. The pathological diagnoses of the tumors included astrocytic tumor, ependymal tumor, cavernous malformation, and hemangioblastoma. RESULTS Localization of normal spinal arteries and veins on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord helped the surgeons determine the length or point of myelotomy. Well-demarcated tumor stain was recognized in limited cases of anaplastic or highly vascularized tumors, whereas the location of cavernous malformation was recognized as an avascular area on the dorsal surface of the spinal cord. Feeding arteries and tumor stain were well differentiated from draining veins in dorsal hemangioblastomas, but not in intramedullary deep-seated or ventral tumors. The preservation of small perforating branches of the anterior spinal artery after successful resection of the tumor could be well visualized. CONCLUSION ICG-VA can provide real-time information about vascular flow dynamics during the surgery of spinal intramedullary tumors, and it may help surgeons localize the normal circulation of the spinal cord, as well as the feeding arteries and draining veins, especially in highly vascular tumors. However, the benefits of intraoperative ICG-VA might be limited for intramedullary deep-seated or ventral tumors.

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Yunsi, I. R., and T. A. Bykovskaya. "DIFFERENTIAL SIGNS IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CONSTRICTIVE MYELOPATHY AND SPINAL NEOPLASMS IN THE THORACOLUMBAR REGION." Scientific Notes Kazan Bauman State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 246, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31588/2413-4201-1883-246-2-283-287.

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Neoplasms of the spinal column and spinal cord, depending on their localization relative to the spinal cord and its membranes, are classified into extradural, intradural extramedullary and intramedullary. Extradural tumors are located outside the dura mater. This category includes tumors of the vertebral bodies and tumors lying in the extradural space of the spinal canal. Intradural extramedullary tumors are found within the dura but outside the spinal parenchyma. Intramedullary tumors originate within the spinal cord and are the rarest group of spinal tumors. The aim of the study is to determine the criteria for the differential diagnosis of studied pathology.

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35

Colosimo, Cesare, Alfonso Cerase, Luca Denaro, Giulio Maira, and Romano Greco. "Magnetic resonance imaging of intramedullary spinal cord schwannomas." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 99, no. 1 (July 2003): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2003.99.1.0114.

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✓ Intramedullary spinal cord schwannomas are rare benign tumors for which resection is possible and safe. The purpose of this paper is to present the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features in two cases of intramedullary spinal cord schwannoma to assist both neurosurgeons and pathologists in preventing misdiagnosis and resultant partial resection. The MR imaging evidence of a small- or medium-sized well-marginated intramedullary spinal cord tumor in a patient in whom no syringomyelia is present but in whom moderate edema with marked Gd enhancement can be seen should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intramedullary spinal cord schwannoma. In cases in which an associated thickened Gd-enhancing spinal nerve root is seen the diagnosis of schwannoma should be assumed.

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36

Angevine, Peter D., and Paul C. McCormick. "Spinal deformity and pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 107, no. 6 (December 2007): 460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/ped-07/12/460.

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37

McCormick, Paul C. "Microsurgical resection of intramedullary spinal cord ependymoma." Neurosurgical Focus 37, v2supplement (September 2014): Video9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.v3.focus14276.

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Ependymomas are the most commonly occurring intramedullary spinal cord tumor in adults. With few exceptions these tumors are histologically benign, although they exhibit some biologic variability with respect to growth rate. While unencapsulated, spinal ependymomas are non-infiltrative and present a clear margin of demarcation from the surrounding spinal cord that serves as an effective dissection plane. This video demonstrates the technique of microsurgical resection of an intramedullary ependymoma through a posterior midline myelotomy.The video can be found here: http://youtu.be/lcHhymSvSqU.

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38

Cooper, Paul R., and Fred Epstein. "Radical resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors in adults." Journal of Neurosurgery 63, no. 4 (October 1985): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1985.63.4.0492.

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✓ The management of patients with intramedullary spinal cord tumors is controversial. In the past, these tumors have often been treated with biopsy or subtotal removal followed by irradiation — a therapy that is usually associated with early tumor recurrence and progressive neurological impairment. In an attempt to improve on the outcome of patients with intramedullary tumors, the authors performed radical resection in most of the 29 adult patients who had surgery for these tumors within the past 30 months. The mean duration of symptoms was 9½ years, and all patients presented because of progressive neurological deficit. Patients were evaluated with metrizamide myelography-computerized tomography scanning and intraoperative ultrasound imaging to define the site of the tumor and cystic components. There were 14 ependymomas, 11 astrocytomas, two lipomas, and one case each of intramedullary fibrosis and astrogliosis. Solid tumor spanned a mean of five spinal cord segments and 16 tumors were associated with cysts. Twenty tumors were in the cervical and/or cervicothoracic regions. Total removal was achieved in 14 patients and “99% removal” in seven others. In 21 of 29 patients (72%), the neurological condition was stabilized or improved as a result of the operation. Postoperative deterioration occurred for the most part in patients who could not walk or who had minimal motor function at the time of operation, and these patients are no longer considered as operative candidates. Radical resection of intramedullary tumors can be achieved, with stabilization or improvement of neurological deficit in the majority of patients.

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39

Kajikawa, Keita, Narihito Nagoshi, Osahiko Tsuji, Satoshi Suzuki, Masahiro Ozaki, Yohei Takahashi, Mitsuru Yagi, Morio Matsumoto, Masaya Nakamura, and Kota Watanabe. "Clinical and Imaging Characteristics of Non-Neoplastic Spinal Lesions: A Comparative Study with Intramedullary Tumors." Diagnostics 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2022): 2969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12122969.

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The features of non-neoplastic lesions are often similar to those of intramedullary tumors, and a differential diagnosis is challenging to obtain in some cases. A surgical biopsy, which is performed on highly invasive tumors, should be avoided in cases of non-neoplastic lesions. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis is important prior to treatment. We evaluated 43 patients suspected of having spinal cord tumors and, finally, were diagnosed with non-neoplastic intramedullary lesions via magnetic resonance imaging. The patients commonly presented with myelitis. The patients with non-neoplastic neurological diseases had a significantly shorter symptom duration than those with intramedullary astrocytomas. The proportion of patients with non-neoplastic neurological diseases who presented with lesions at the cervical spinal level and focal lesions on axial imaging but without a spinal cord enlargement was significantly higher than that of patients with intramedullary astrocytomas. The current study aimed to distinguish spinal cord tumors from non-neoplastic intramedullary lesions based on their distinct features.

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40

Ando, M. "Intraoperative spinal cord monitoring during surgery of intramedullary spinal cord tumors." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 103, no. 1 (July 1997): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0013-4694(97)88526-8.

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41

HEJAZI, Nedal, and Werner HASSLER. "Microsurgical Treatment of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors." Neurologia medico-chirurgica 38, no. 5 (1998): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2176/nmc.38.266.

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42

Lee, Mark, Fred J. Epstein, Ali R. Rezai, and David Zagzag. "Nonneoplastic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Mimicking Tumors." Neurosurgery 43, no. 4 (October 1998): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199810000-00034.

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Douglas, Kondziolka. "Nonneoplastic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Mimicking Tumors." Neurosurgery 43, no. 4 (October 1998): 794. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199810000-00035.

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44

Ebersold, Michael J. "Nonneoplastic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Mimicking Tumors." Neurosurgery 43, no. 4 (October 1998): 794–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199810000-00036.

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45

Adler, John R. "Nonneoplastic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Mimicking Tumors." Neurosurgery 43, no. 4 (October 1998): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199810000-00037.

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46

Ivan, Ciric. "Nonneoplastic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Mimicking Tumors." Neurosurgery 43, no. 4 (October 1998): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199810000-00038.

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47

Ulrich, Batzdorf. "Nonneoplastic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Mimicking Tumors." Neurosurgery 43, no. 4 (October 1998): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199810000-00039.

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48

Homem Pittella, José Eymard. "Nonneoplastic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Mimicking Tumors." Neurosurgery 44, no. 6 (June 1999): 1365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199906000-00139.

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49

Lee, Mark, Fred J. Epstein, Ali R. Rezai, and David Zagzag. "Nonneoplastic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Mimicking Tumors." Neurosurgery 44, no. 6 (June 1999): 1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006123-199906000-00140.

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50

Takusagawa, Yutaka, Takao Asano, Shinya Manaka, and Kintomo Takakura. "Surgical Treatment of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors." Spinal Surgery 1 (1987): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2531/spinalsurg.1.55.

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