Статті в журналах: "Intra-nasal"

1

Shuker, Sabri T. "Intra-nasal stabilization for severe nasal war injuries." Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery 16 (January 1988): 120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1010-5182(88)80031-3.

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2

Merskey, Harold. "Intra-nasal ketamine for somatization?" Pain 110, no. 3 (August 2004): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2004.05.005.

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3

Buckley, Suzanne MK, Steven J. Howe, Suet-Ping Wong, Hildegard Buning, Jenny McIntosh, Andrew Baker, Amit C. Nathwani, et al. "Luciferin detection after intra-nasal vector delivery is improved by intra-nasal rather than intra-peritoneal luciferin administration." Human Gene Therapy, ja (August 14, 2008): 081015093227032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/hgt.2008.023.

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4

Myers, Thomas. "Some thoughts on intra-nasal work." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 5, no. 3 (July 2001): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1054/jbmt.2001.0212.

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5

A., F. "Le glucagon intra-nasal : ça avance !" Médecine des Maladies Métaboliques 10, no. 2 (March 2016): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1957-2557(16)30044-x.

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6

Gwak, H. S., Y. M. Cho, and I. K. Chun. "Analgesic effects of intra-nasal enkephalins." Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 55, no. 9 (September 2003): 1207–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1211/0022357021774.

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7

DEBACHE, K., C. GUIONAUD, F. ALAEDDINE, and A. HEMPHILL. "Intraperitoneal and intra-nasal vaccination of mice with three distinct recombinantNeospora caninumantigens results in differential effects with regard to protection against experimental challenge withNeospora caninumtachyzoites." Parasitology 137, no. 2 (October 16, 2009): 229–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009991259.

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SUMMARYRecombinant NcPDI(recNcPDI), NcROP2(recNcROP2), and NcMAG1(recNcMAG1) were expressed inEscherichia coliand purified, and evaluated as potential vaccine candidates by employing the C57Bl/6 mouse cerebral infection model. Intraperitoneal application of these proteins suspended in saponin adjuvants lead to protection against disease in 50% and 70% of mice vaccinated with recNcMAG1 and recNcROP2, respectively, while only 20% of mice vaccinated with recNcPDI remained without clinical signs. In contrast, a 90% protection rate was achieved following intra-nasal vaccination with recNcPDI emulsified in cholera toxin. Only 1 mouse vaccinated intra-nasally with recNcMAG1 survived the challenge infection, and protection achieved with intra-nasally applied recNcROP2 was at 60%. Determination of cerebral parasite burdens by real-time PCR showed that these were significantly reduced only in recNcROP2-vaccinated animals (following intraperitoneal and intra-nasal application) and in recNcPDI-vaccinated mice (intra-nasal application only). Quantification of viable tachyzoites in brain tissue of intra-nasally vaccinated mice showed that immunization with recNcPDI resulted in significantly decreased numbers of live parasites. These data show that, besides the nature of the antigen, the protective effect of vaccination also depends largely on the route of antigen delivery. In the case of recNcPDI, the intra-nasal route provides a platform to generate a highly protective immune response.

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D, Ranganath Swamy, Nagaraju K, Yugandhar E, Kathyayani B, and Shankar T. "RECURRENT INTRA NASAL GLIOMA: A CASE REPORT." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 4, no. 64 (August 10, 2015): 11247–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2015/1620.

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9

Eliopoulos, P. N., and C. Philippakis. "Prevention of post-operative intra-nasal adhesions." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 7 (July 1989): 664–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100109661.

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AbstractA new material, the wax paper enveloping the Fucidin® gauze which is routinely used to pack the nose post-operatively, was utilized in 120 cases considered as ‘high-risk’ for the formation of post-operative nasal adhesions. This proved to be an inexpensive, simple and effective method when the prevention of the formation of nasal adhesions was the primary goal.

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10

Kakar, Asmatullah, Habib Ullah, and Bashir Ahmad. "Effectiveness of Intranasal Splints in Preventing Nasal Adhesion." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 2512–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211592512.

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Objective: To determine the effectiveness of intranasal splints in preventing nasal adhesion. Study Design: Descriptive case series Place and Duration of Study: ENT Department, Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta from 1st October 2020 to 31st March, 2021. Methodology: One hundred patients of both genders were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 15-48 years. Patients details demographics age, sex and body mass index were recorded. In a general anaesthesia, a selection was made in patients with deviated nasal septum and septoplasty. Intra-nasal splints were implanted, followed by prior nasal packing after the septoplastic procedure. On the second postoperative day the nasal packing was removed while the nasal fractures were removed on the 15th day after surgery. Prevalence of nasal adhesion was observed within the follow up of four weeks. Results: There were 58 (58%) male patients and 42 (42%) were females. Mean age of the patients were 25.66±8.14 years with mean body mass index 24.17±6.35 kg/m2. Most of the patients 60 (60%) were from age group 25-35 years. Symptoms were nasal obstruction found in 42 (42%) cases followed by rhinorrhea 26 (26%). Frequency of nasal adhesion was found in 5 (5%) cases among 100 enrolled patients after septoplasty. Conclusion: We concluded in this study that the intranasal splints were effective and safe technique in the prevention of nasal adhesion after septoplasty. Keywords: Intra nasal adhesions, Septoplasty, Intra nasal splints, Deviated nasal septum

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11

Wagner, B. K., D. G. Martin, D. M. Rudd, and A. J. Parker. "Oxytocin alters leukogram composition in Bos indicus cattle exposed to short-duration transportation." Animal Production Science 61, no. 13 (2021): 1315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an20393.

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Context Transportation, a common practice in cattle production, activates the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, ultimately increasing glucocorticoids and altering the cellular immune system in cattle. Oxytocin attenuates the HPA axis in mammals. Intra-nasal oxytocin supplementation has been investigated in human and rodent models, revealing anxiolytic effects. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of exogenous oxytocin to mitigate stress and inflammatory responses in transported cattle. Aims We hypothesised that Bos indicus cattle treated with intra-nasal oxytocin would demonstrate more stable cortisol and inflammatory responses when subjected to handling and 6 h of road transportation compared with cattle treated with intra-nasal saline. Methods Thirty, Bos indicus steers were allocated to one of three treatments: (1) intra-nasal sterile saline and held in the yard for 6 h (S-NT; n = 10), (2) intra-nasal sterile saline and transported for 6 h (S-T; n = 10), and (3) intra-nasal oxytocin (0.3 IU/kg bodyweight) and transported for 6 h (OXT-T; n = 10). Blood was collected at 0, 6, 48, and 72 h and analysed for haematological parameters, cortisol, glucose and lactate. Key results A treatment × time effect (P < 0.05) was detected for lymphocytes and basophils, such that oxytocin helped maintain baseline counts. A treatment × time effect was detected for neutrophils and eosinophils such that counts were greater and lesser, respectively, directly following transport (P < 0.01) for transported treatments. Total leukocyte counts were not different between treatments (P = 0.96). No differences were observed between treatments or over time for plasma cortisol concentration (P = 0.46). A treatment × time interaction (P < 0.03) was detected for bodyweight such that transportation, independent of intra-nasal treatment, resulted in increased weight loss compared with the non-transported treatment. Conclusion Oxytocin altered circulating basophils in Bos indicus cattle exposed to short-duration transport. Although no effect on the HPA axis was detected via changes in cortisol concentration, road transport induced some signs of an acute inflammatory response directly following transportation. Implications Providing exogenous oxytocin improved the maintenance and recovery of some cellular immune system parameters in Bos indicus steers subject to short duration transport and more research is needed to explicate a more comprehensive understanding of such effects.

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12

Zada, Bakht, Kamran Chaudhry, Aamir Ikram, Arsalan Akhtar, Muhammad Naseem Khan, and Zafar Iqbal. "Determine the Effectiveness of Intranasal Splints in Preventing Nasal Adhesion." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 872–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162872.

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Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of intranasal splints in preventing nasal adhesion. Study Design: Descriptive case series Place and Duration: The study was conducted at ENT department of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and Chaudhary Muhammad Akram Teaching and Research Hospital, Lahore for the duration of six months April 2021 to September 2021. Methods: There were 120 participants of both sexes in this research. In this study, the patients ranged in age from 16 to 50 years old. Patient demographics, such as gender, age, and height/weight were logged with their informed written consent. During general anesthesia, a patient with a deviated nasal septum and septoplasty was selected for the procedure. Immediately following the septoplasty treatment, the patient had intra-nasal splints and nasal packing placed. The nasal packing was removed on the second postoperative day, while the nasal splints were removed on the 15th day after surgery. After a three-week follow-up, frequency of nasal adhesion was calculated. Data were analyzed 24.0. Results: Among 120 cases, 75 patients, 59.2% were between the ages of 26 and 40.The mean age of the patients was 26.34±7.51 years with mean BMI 23.07±9.44 kg/m2. Most of the cases were 67 (55.8%) male and 53 (44.2%) were females. Nasal obstruction was found among 53 (44.2%) patients, frequency of rhinorrhea was 33 (27.5%) and mixed symptoms were found in 20 (16.7%). At final follow up prevalence of nasal adhesion was found in 9 (7.5%). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, intranasal splints were an efficient and safe treatment for preventing nasal adhesion after septoplasty. Keywords: Septoplasty, Intra nasal adhesions, Deviated nasal septum, Intra nasal splints

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13

Hadoura, L., C. Douglas, G. W. McGarry, and D. Young. "Mapping surgical coordinates of the sphenopalatine foramen: surgical navigation study." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 7 (January 8, 2009): 742–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215109004344.

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AbstractObjectives:To identify measurements that may help intra-operative localisation of the sphenopalatine foramen.Design:The study used three-dimensional surgical navigation software to study radiological anatomy, in order to define the distances and angulations between identifiable bony landmarks and the sphenopalatine foramen.Results:The distance from the anterior nasal spine to the sphenopalatine foramen was 59 mm (±4 mm; inter-observer variation = 0.866; intra-observer variation = 0.822). The distance from the piriform aperture to the sphenopalatine foramen was 48 mm (±4 mm; inter-observer variation = 0.828; intra-observer variation = 0.779). The angle of elevation from the nasal floor to the sphenopalatine foramen was 22° (±3°; inter-observer variation = 0.441; intra-observer variation = 0.499).Conclusions:The sphenopalatine foramen is consistently identifiable on three-dimensional, reconstructed computed tomography scans. Repeatable measurements were obtained. The centre point of the foramen lies 59 mm from the anterior nasal spine at 22° elevation above the plane of the hard palate and 48 mm from the piriform aperture. We discuss how these data could be used to facilitate intra-operative location of the sphenopalatine foramen in difficult cases.

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14

Casale, M., A. Costantino, L. Sabatino, A. Luchena, A. Moffa, M. Cassano, V. Rinaldi, and P. M. Baptista. "Minimally invasive surgery under local anaesthesia for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: our experience in older adults." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 134, no. 2 (February 2020): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215120000304.

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AbstractObjectiveThis paper aims to report our experience with a minimally invasive surgical procedure for the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, performed in a day-surgery setting under local anaesthesia.MethodsA retrospective study of 30 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps was conducted. Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 and modified Lund–Kennedy scores were collected. Intra- and post-operative pain was evaluated using a 10-point visual analogue scale.ResultsThe mean Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 score decreased from 41.8 ± 15.8 pre-operatively to 13.3 ± 9.5 post-operatively (p < 0.001). Accordingly, the mean endoscopic score decreased from 6.8 ± 1.8 to 0.2 ± 0.7 (p < 0.001). The mean intra-operative pain score was 2.9 ± 3.2, and 29 patients (96.7 per cent) reported no pain in the post-operative period (visual analogue scale score = 0).ConclusionOur study confirms that minimally invasive surgery represents a safe, repeatable procedure that results in remarkable subjective and objective improvement, without intra- and post-operative pain or discomfort.

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15

Watson, D. J., and M. V. Griffiths. "The safety and efficacy of intra-nasal ethmoidectomy." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 102, no. 9 (September 1988): 802–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100106504.

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AbstractEach of the three types of ethmoidectomy: intra-nasal, trans-antral and external, has its supporters and detractors who argue about the efficacy and safety of the procedures. One hundred and five ethmoidec-tomies for nasal polyps are reviewed retrospectively. Regardless of the approach used, approximately half of these had recurrence of polyps and some patients had several revision operations. There were six complications specific to the surgery. None was serious but most occurred with external ethmoidectomy. The limitations of ethmoidectomy for nasal polyps, the reasons for the good safety record and the best means of training juniors in the procedures are discussed.

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Mackeith, S., R. Hettige, A. Falzon, and M. Draper. "The relationship between pressure and volume when using Rapid Rhino(r) packs in the management of epistaxis." Rhinology journal 49, no. 4 (October 1, 2011): 470–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino11.010.

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Despite the popularity of Rapid Rhino packs, there are no clear guidelines regarding the volume of air to be inflated when used in the management of epistaxis. The manufacturers suggest that subjective assessment by pilot cuff palpation is used to guide inflation. However, studies have clearly demonstrated that clinicians are poor at judging balloon pressure by pilot cuff palpation when used in other settings. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between the volume of air inflated and the resultant intra-nasal pressure generated by nasal balloon packing. Twelve healthy subjects were packed with 5.5 cm Rapid Rhino packs, which were connected to a manometer and 20 ml syringe via a 3-way tap in a closed circuit. Increments of 2.5 mls of air were inflated and the resultant intra-nasal pack pressure was measured. There appeared to be a linear relationship between increasing volume and pack pressure. However, between individuals, there was a large variation in the intra-nasal pack pressure produced for a given fixed volume of air inflated. This is presumably due to variations in nasal anatomy. It may be that a manometer-measured, pressure guided nasal pack inflation technique would represent best practice, especially for less experienced staff.

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Oyer, H. J., Y. Qi, C. Lambert, and B. Crowe. "Intra‐speaker analysis of the nasal consonant [m]." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 79, S1 (May 1986): S39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2023208.

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Watanabe, Kazuo, Go Ogura, and Toshimitsu Suzuki. "Intra-epithelial neuroendocrine carcinoma of the nasal cavity." Pathology International 53, no. 6 (June 2003): 396–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1827.2003.01487.x.

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Li, Zhouxiao, Yimin Liang, Thilo Ludwig Schenck, Konstantin Frank, Riccardo Enzo Giunta, and Konstantin Christoph Koban. "Investigating the Reliability of Novel Nasal Anthropometry Using Advanced Three-Dimensional Digital Stereophotogrammetry." Journal of Personalized Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12010060.

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Three-dimensional surface imaging systems (3DSI) provide an effective and applicable approach for the quantification of facial morphology. Several researchers have implemented 3D techniques for nasal anthropometry; however, they only included limited classic nasal facial landmarks and parameters. In our clinical routines, we have identified a considerable number of novel facial landmarks and nasal anthropometric parameters, which could be of great benefit to personalized rhinoplasty. Our aim is to verify their reliability, thus laying the foundation for the comprehensive application of 3DSI in personalized rhinoplasty. We determined 46 facial landmarks and 57 anthropometric parameters. A total of 110 volunteers were recruited, and the intra-assessor, inter-assessor, and intra-method reliability of nasal anthropometry were assessed through 3DSI. Our results displayed the high intra-assessor reliability of MAD (0.012–0.29, 0.003–0.758 mm), REM (0.008–1.958%), TEM (0–0.06), rTEM (0.001–0.155%), and ICC (0.77–0.995); inter-assessor reliability of 0.216–1.476, 0.003–2.013 mm; 0.01–7.552%, 0–0.161, and 0.001–1.481%, 0.732–0.985, respectively; and intra-method reliability of 0.006–0.598°, 0–0.379 mm; 0 0.984%, 0–0.047, and 0–0.078%, 0.996–0.998, respectively. This study provides conclusive evidence for the high reliability of novel facial landmarks and anthropometric parameters for comprehensive nasal measurements using the 3DSI system. Considering this, the proposed landmarks and parameters could be widely used for digital planning and evaluation in personalized rhinoplasty, otorhinolaryngology, and oral and maxillofacial surgery.

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Palya, Vilmos, Tímea Tatár-Kis, Abdel Satar A. Arafa, Balázs Felföldi, Tamás Mató, and Ahmed Setta. "Efficacy of a Turkey Herpesvirus Vectored Newcastle Disease Vaccine against Genotype VII.1.1 Virus: Challenge Route Affects Shedding Pattern." Vaccines 9, no. 1 (January 11, 2021): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9010037.

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The control of Newcastle disease (ND) highly relies on vaccination. Immunity provided by a ND vaccine can be characterized by measuring the level of clinical protection and reduction in challenge virus shedding. The extent of shedding depends a lot on the characteristics of vaccine used and the quality of vaccination, but influenced also by the genotype of the challenge virus. We demonstrated that vaccination of SPF chicks with recombinant herpesvirus of turkey expressing the F-gene of genotype I ND virus (rHVT-ND) provided complete clinical protection against heterologous genotype VII.1.1 ND virus strain and reduced challenge virus shedding significantly. 100% of clinical protection was achieved already by 3 weeks of age, irrespective of the challenge route (intra-muscular or intra-nasal) and vaccination blocked cloacal shedding almost completely. Interestingly, oro-nasal shedding was different in the two challenge routes: less efficiently controlled following intra-nasal than intra-muscular challenge. Differences in the shedding pattern between the two challenge routes indicate that rHVT-ND vaccine induces strong systemic immunity, that is capable to control challenge virus dissemination in the body (no cloacal shedding), even when it is a heterologous strain, but less efficiently, although highly significantly (p < 0.001) suppresses the local replication of the challenge virus in the upper respiratory mucosa and consequent oro-nasal shedding.

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B., Jagannath, Nikitha Pillai, and Bharath Kumar K. L. "Comparative study on the effects of pre-operative intranasal steroid spray versus oral steroid on intraoperative bleed in FESS for nasal polyposis." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 5 (April 23, 2021): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20211569.

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Background: Nasal polyps are associated with chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity and sinus mucosa. Steroids are the main stay of medical treatment. FESS is indicated when medical treatment fails. Bleeding during surgery can impair the surgical field during operation and increase the time duration and risks of complications. Pre-operative corticosteroids help reduce bleeding during surgery. The objectives of the study was to study and compare the effects of pre operative intra nasal steroid spray and oral steroid on intra-operative bleed in FESS for nasal polyposis.Methods: 60 patients diagnosed with nasal polyposis were sequentially divided into 2 groups. Group A received intranasal steroid spray and Group B received oral steroid each for 7 days. Patients of both groups underwent FESS under general anaesthesia. Bleeding volume and quality of surgical field were assessed during the procedure to evaluate the effect of pre operative steroids in bleeding in FESS.Results: Majority of our study patients of both the groups had moderate bleed. 33.3% of Group B patients showed the best outcome of surgery with just slight bleeding while 33.3% patients of Group B had moderate to severe bleed. Majority of our study patients (53.3%) had a blood loss of about 50-100 ml, of which 66.7% patients belonged to Group B.Conclusions: Preoperative steroids are truly beneficial. Oral steroids has been found to be relatively better than intra nasal steroid spray in improving symptoms, reducing intra operative bleeding, and in providing better quality of surgical field.

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Pati, Ajit Kumar, Bibhuti Bhusan Nayak, Arun Kumar Choudhury, and Debesh Kumar Rout. "Primary intra osseous venous malformation of nasal bone: A rare case report." Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 47, no. 03 (September 2014): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0970-0358.146631.

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ABSTRACTPrimary intra osseous venous malformation with involvement of nasal bone is a rare phenomenon. Nasal bone intraosseous venous malformation on a back ground of port wine stain of face has not been reported in the available literature. We report the very rare case of intraosseous venous malformation of left nasal bone developing on a background of port wine stain of face, its diagnosis, pathology, management and review of literature.

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Singh, Ombir, Satish Mehta, Ashis Pathak, and S. B. S. Mann. "Intra-nasal encephalocele in an adult — An atypical presentation." Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 45, no. 2 (June 1993): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03050708.

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PRINGLE, M. B. "The use of intra-nasal splints: a consultant survey." Clinical Otolaryngology 17, no. 6 (December 1992): 535–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1992.tb01714.x.

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Mcshane, D. P., and M. A. Walsh. "Nasal granuloma gravidarum." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 102, no. 9 (September 1988): 828–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100106589.

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AbstractNasal granuloma gravidarum is a rare condition that arises exclusively during pregnancy. It usually presents with the non-specific symptoms of nasal bleeding and obstruction though occasionally a patient may notice an intra-nasal mass herself.Three cases of nasal granuloma gravidarum are presented to add to those previously recorded in the literature. Although the aetiology of this condition is unclear, the authors speculate that it probably represents an excessive healing response to some minor trauma sustained in a tissue primed and sensitized by pregnancy.The management of this lesion is discussed and a simple surgical procedure described for its removal.

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Haye, R., P. Jebsen, and B. Dingsør. "Fibro-hyaline extensions from the bony nasal aperture, causing nasal obstruction." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 125, no. 10 (August 3, 2011): 1067–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215111001897.

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AbstractObjective:We report a rare case of fibro-hyaline anterior extensions of the bony nasal pyramid.Method:The clinical, radiological, intra-operative and histological findings are presented.Results:A 34-year-old man presented with bilateral nasal obstruction due to enlarged lateral walls of the nasal vestibule. Radiology showed normal bony structures. Surgery revealed three histologically identical, non-malignant, fibrous masses, one in the nasal septum and one in each of the vestibular walls. The latter were attached to the bony pyramid, protruding anteriorly and converging medially.Conclusion:The location and symmetry of the fibro-hyaline projections indicated that they constituted a malformation mimicking congenital bony nasal pyriform aperture stenosis. Histological analysis showed that the masses were not neoplastic.

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Sjaastad, Ottar, Jan Aasly, Torbjørn Fredriksen, and Maria M. Wysocka Bakowska. "Chronic Paroxysmal Hemicrania: X. On the Autonomic Involvement." Cephalalgia 6, no. 2 (June 1986): 113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1986.0602113.x.

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In four patients with chronic paroxysmal hemicrania, two of whom could precipitate attacks mechanically, various autonomic function tests were carried out in connection with attacks. Not all features could be studied in all patients, Forehead sweating and temperature were measured. Sweating, tearing, and nasal secretion were studied after systemic atropine administration, which reduced attack-related sweating, tearing, and nasal secretion markedly. Intra-ocular pressure was measured before and after the topical administration of an alpha-receptor blocking agent, thymoxamine. After topical thymoxamine no definite intra-ocular pressure increase occurred during precipitated attacks. In attacks precipitated by head movements, forehead sweating occurred seconds (up to 30 sec) before the pain. This study indicates that at least in some CPH cases, forehead sweating is not caused by the pain. Nor is the pain secondary to increase in intra-ocular pressure. The thymoxamine experiments seem to indicate that alpha-receptors in some way may be connected with the intra-ocular pressure increase during attack.

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Shankar, Kiruba, Satvinder Singh Bakshi, Sunil Kumar Saxena, and Suriyanarayanan Gopalakrishnan. "A randomized control study to compare the efficacy of intranasal fluticasone propionate and intranasal budesonide in controlling postoperative symptoms in patients with nasal polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery." Romanian Journal of Rhinology 9, no. 36 (December 1, 2019): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rjr-2019-0024.

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Abstract BACKGROUND. Sinonasal polyposis represents a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by nasal obstruction, reduction in the sense of smell and impaired quality of life. Intranasal steroids play an important role in preventing the postoperative recurrences in these cases. We carried out a study to evaluate and compare intra nasal budesonide and intranasal fluticasone propionate in the postoperative management of ethmoidal nasal polyposis. MATERIAL AND METHODS. 106 patients with ethmoidal polyposis were treated with endoscopic polypectomy and were postoperatively started and maintained on intranasal steroids. 54 patients were managed with budesonide and 52 patients maintained on fluticasone propionate nasal spray. The patients were followed-up for 6 months and recurrences and control of symptoms evaluated. RESULTS. There was a statistical difference in the SNOT-22 (p<0.0001) and Lund-Kennedy scores (p=0.015) between patients using fluticasone propionate as compared to those using budesonide intra nasal spray by the end of the 6th month. CONCLUSION. Both intranasal budesonide and fluticasone propionate are effective in controlling symptoms after endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with sinonasal polyposis; however, intranasal fluticasone propionate was more efficacious than budesonide in the control of postoperative symptoms.

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Siddiqui, J., R. Millard, A. Z. Eweiss, T. Beale, and V. J. Lund. "Sinonasal bony changes in nasal polyposis: prevalence and relationship to disease severity." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 127, no. 8 (July 18, 2013): 755–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215113001461.

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AbstractBackground:Nasal polyposis is characterised by opacification of the nasal cavities, paranasal sinuses and ostiomeatal complexes on computed tomography scanning. Sinonasal bony changes have been reported as disease sequelae.Objectives:To assess the prevalence of sinonasal bone expansion, erosion and thickening in patients with nasal polyposis, and to correlate disease severity with the prevalence of bony changes.Methods:A retrospective radiological study was conducted comprising pre-operative computed tomography scans of 104 patients with nasal polyposis and scans of 44 age- and gender-matched individuals (control group) without sinonasal disease. Lund–Mackay scores and bony changes were quantified.Results:Ninety-three per cent of the study group scans showed sinonasal bony change, with no changes in the control group. Radiological severity of nasal polyposis correlated positively with the prevalence of bony changes (rs = 0.31; p < 0.01).Conclusion:Sinonasal bony changes were common in the study group. This highlights the importance of pre- and intra-operative imaging, which can help to prevent intra-operative complications. As bony changes may mimic invasive disease, the importance of histological assessment of polyps is emphasised.

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Kurle, Geeta, Shruthi Patil V., and Manjunath N. "A comparative study between nasal clips and anterior nasal packing in septoplasty/submucosal resection patients at VIMS Bellary, Karnataka." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 3, no. 2 (March 25, 2017): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20171194.

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Background: Nasal packing is used primarily to control bleeding, for internal stabilization and to prevent postoperative complications in endonasal surgeries. Nasal septal clip is one of the alternatives, whose effectiveness in surgical practice is less studied upon. To compare the effectiveness between nasal septal clip and anterior nasal packing following septoplasty/submucous resection.Methods: Prospective Randomised Controlled Study was conducted in Department of Otolaryngology at Vijayanagara Institution of Medical Sciences, Bellary, between November 2014 to May 2016. Study involved 100 patients fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Adopting sealed envelope technique, patients were allotted into two equal groups for anterior nasal pack and nasal septal clip following septoplasty or submucosal resection. Interventions were done following standard procedures and data was collected by using pre-tested proforma. Results: Mean age of anterior nasal pack group and nasal septal clip group was 27.86 and 25.24 years respectively. Intra-operatively, packing with nasal septal clip was easier with significantly less trauma to mucous membrane (X2= 6.353, P= 0.011), consuming significantly less time (t= 9.329, P<0.0001) and support provided to septum could be assessed visually when compared to anterior nasal packing. During immediate post-operative period and while pack removal, nasal septal clip had significantly less complications (P < 0.001). Follow-up complications like septal haematoma, synaechiae & septal perforations were lesser in nasal septal clip groupConclusions: During intra-operative period, immediate post-operative period, during nasal pack removal and during follow-up period nasal septal clip provided technical superiority, smooth post-operative experience and lesser complications compared to anterior nasal packing proving nasal septal clip to be a better choice for nasal packing. Limitations of NSC are its availability and cost.

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Pang, Yoke-Teen, Orhan Eskici, and Janet A. Wilson. "Nasal polyposis: Role of subclinical delayed food hypersensitivity." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 122, no. 2 (February 2000): 298–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0194-5998(00)70259-2.

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Nasal polyposis is a common problem in otolaryngology. The cause remains unclear, and treatment with medication and surgery is often unsatisfactory. We present our controlled study, which suggests a strong association between food allergy and nasal polyposis. The study was conducted in 2 parts. A postal survey of 900 patients with nasal polyps showed 53 respondents (5.9%) had a known food allergy. In the prospective study, 80 nasal polyp patients and 36 control subjects completed intra-dermal tests for food allergy. Sixty-five nasal polyp patients (81%) and 4 control subjects (11%) had positive intradermal food test results. This is highly significant. We believe that food allergy may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of nasal polyposis and should be further studied.

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O'FLYNN, PAUL. "Acoustic rhinometry: validation of volume changes following intra-nasal polypectomy." Clinical Otolaryngology 18, no. 5 (October 1993): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1993.tb00606.x.

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Braun, Ivan Mario, Hermano Tavares, Gilberto de Nucci, and Marcio Bernik. "Abuse liability of intra-nasal midazolam in inhaled-cocaine abusers." European Neuropsychopharmacology 18, no. 10 (October 2008): 723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.05.006.

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Singh, G. Dave, and Mark Abramson. "Effect of an intra-oral nasal dilation appliance on 3-D nasal airway morphology in adults." Sleep and Breathing 12, no. 1 (September 19, 2007): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11325-007-0130-1.

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Praveen, Arshiya, Mohd Aqil, Syed Sarim Imam, Abdul Ahad, Thasleem Moolakkadath, and Farhan J. Ahmad. "Lamotrigine encapsulated intra-nasal nanoliposome formulation for epilepsy treatment: Formulation design, characterization and nasal toxicity study." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 174 (February 2019): 553–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.025.

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Castilho, Helton Traber de, Bernardo Hochman, and Lydia Masako Ferreira. "Rinoplastia do nariz negróide por via intra-oral sem ressecções externas: avaliação da eficácia da técnica." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 17, no. 5 (September 2002): 342–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502002000500010.

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OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia da técnica de redução da largura da base nasal do nariz negróide, modificando a inclinação dos eixos das narinas pela mobilização de tecidos internos, por abordagem intra-oral, evitando cicatrizes externas. MÉTODOS: Foram operadas 11 pacientes adulta do sexo feminino, com idade variando entre 19 a 45 anos, distribuindo-se em 2 da raça caucasóide e 9 da raça negróide, sendo desta 5 de cor parda e 4 de cor negra. O método de fotografia foi padronizado, e as imagens em papel foram digitalizadas. Por meio de software foram mensurados nas fotografias pré-operatórias e com 3 meses após a rinoplastia, 8 índices relativos à base nasal baseados em pontos antropométricos. Os valores obtidos foram submetidos à análise estatística descritiva e inferencial. RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em 7 índices relativos a redução da largura da base nasal e à inclinação dos eixos das narinas. Apenas houve alteração significante no aumento do Ângulo Nasolabial (p=0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A técnica de rinoplastia de nariz negróide por via intra-oral sem ressecções externas, apenas com mobilização dos tecidos internos, não é eficaz para a reduzir a largura da base nasal.

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Castick, Sarah, Rachael-Anne Knight, and Debbie Sell. "Perceptual Judgments of Resonance, Nasal Airflow, Understandability, and Acceptability in Speakers with Cleft Palate: Ordinal versus Visual Analogue Scaling." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 54, no. 1 (January 2017): 19–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/15-164.

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Objective To investigate the reliability of ordinal versus visual analogue scaling (VAS) ratings for perceptual judgments of nasal resonance, nasal airflow, understandability, and acceptability in speakers with cleft palate. Design Within-subjects comparative study. Setting Multisite. Participants Five specialist speech and language therapists from U.K. Regional Cleft Centres. Outcome Measures Participants rated 30 audio speech samples obtained from the Speech and Language Therapy archives of Great Ormond Street Hospital. They rated the identified speech parameters using each scaling method, with 1 month between rating tasks. The model of best fit was determined to examine validity, and both intra- and inter-rater reliability were also computed. Results VAS ratings were valid for all parameters when plotted against ordinal ratings, and the model of best fit revealed only a slightly stronger curvilinear than linear relationship between the scaling methods. Intra-rater reliability was high for both rating methods across all six speech parameters. There was also high inter-rater reliability for both ordinal and VAS ratings of hypernasality, nasal emission, nasal turbulence, understandability, and acceptability, and for the ordinal ratings of hyponasality. Conclusions Perceptual judgments of nasal resonance, nasal airflow, understandability, and acceptability were similar using VAS and ordinal scaling, indicating that both scaling methods were appropriate for measuring the cleft speech parameters. VAS, however, may offer statistical advantages, and there is a growing body of evidence advocating its use for the measurement of prothetic speech parameters.

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Roltsch Hellard, Emily A., Renata A. Impastato, and Nicholas W. Gilpin. "Intra-cerebral and intra-nasal melanocortin-4 receptor antagonist blocks withdrawal hyperalgesia in alcohol-dependent rats." Addiction Biology 22, no. 3 (January 24, 2016): 692–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/adb.12360.

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Khanam, Afroza, Gulshan Akhtar, Nabila Khanduker, Nurun Nahar Chowdhury, Mohammad Abdur Rahman, and Mohammad Asifuzzaman. "Sinonasal Sarcoidosis: A Case Report." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 15, no. 4 (December 18, 2016): 648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v15i4.30723.

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Sarcoidosis is a chronic granulomatous disease of unknown etiology which principally affects the lower respiratory tract & lungs. Sarcoidosis in the head & neck region is infrequent. Isolated sino nasal sarcoidosis without pulmonary involvement is rare.Case: An 18 years old male patient presented with the complaints of nasal blockage, purulent nasal discharge which was occasionally blood stained for 6 months, deformity of nose, swelling of face & lips for 4 months & watering of eyes for same duration. Endoscopy of nose revealed intra nasal mucosal thickening which was friable & bleeds on touch. The diagnosis of sino nasal sarcoidosis was made by histopathological examination of nasal biopsy specimen.Conclusion: Sino nasal sarcoidosis is a disease of diagnostic challenge to the clinician as its mimicking clinical features may be misleading & cause delay in definitive diagnosis. In the current case report, we presented a case of sino nasal sarcoidosis presenting as chronic rhino sinusitis.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.15(4) 2016 p.648-650

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Snidvongs, K., D. Dalgorf, L. Kalish, R. Sacks, E. Pratt, and R. J. Harvey. "Modified Lund Mackay Postoperative Endoscopy Score for defining inflammatory burden in chronic rhinosinusitis." Rhinology journal 52, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4193/rhino13.056.

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Objective: The Lund Mackay Postoperative Endoscopy Score (LMES) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a poor measure of the patient experience. A proposed Modified Lund Mackay Postoperative Endoscopy Score (MLMES) aims to better describe the inflammatory burden in CRS. Methods: A prospective study on CRS patients having endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) was conducted. Endoscopy was recorded at the 6th and the 12th week post-op. The MLMES recorded changes in mucosa, mucus and purulence for each of the maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal sinuses and olfactory fossa in post-ESS cavities. The correlation between MLMES and visual analogue scale of total rhinosinusitis symptoms, global anchor score of nasal function, Sino-Nasal Outcome Test 22 (SNOT-22) and nasal symptom score was analyzed. The inter-observer reliability, intra-observer reliability and correlation between the change in MLMES and in subjective measures were also investigated. Results: Thirty patients were assessed. The MLMES significantly correlated with visual analogue scale, SNOT-22, global anchor and nasal symptom score. The change in MLMES correlated with the change in SNOT-22 and nasal symptom score. The inter-observer and intra-observer reliability were excellent. Conclusion: Objectives measurements for post-ESS patients can be reconsidered to represent the cumulative inflammatory burden of all sinuses. The proposed MLMES represents total sinus inflammatory burden and correlates well with patient reported outcome measures.

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Zhang, Chen, Robin Bruggink, Frank Baan, Ewald Bronkhorst, Thomas Maal, Hong He, and Edwin M. Ongkosuwito. "A new segmentation algorithm for measuring CBCT images of nasal airway: a pilot study." PeerJ 7 (January 28, 2019): e6246. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6246.

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Background Three-dimensional (3D) modeling of the nasal airway space is becoming increasingly important for assessment in breathing disorders. Processing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of this region is complicated, however, by the intricate anatomy of the sinuses compared to the simpler nasopharynx. A gold standard for these measures also is lacking. Previous work has shown that software programs can vary in accuracy and reproducibility outcomes of these measurements. This study reports the reproducibility and accuracy of an algorithm, airway segmentor (AS), designed for nasal airway space analysis using a 3D printed anthropomorphic nasal airway model. Methods To test reproducibility, two examiners independently used AS to edit and segment 10 nasal airway CBCT scans. The intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility of the nasal airway volume was evaluated using paired t-tests and intraclass correlation coefficients. For accuracy testing, the CBCT data for pairs of nasal cavities were 3D printed to form hollow shell models. The water-equivalent method was used to calculate the inner volume as the gold standard, and the models were then embedded into a dry human skull as a phantom and subjected to CBCT. AS, along with the software programs MIMICS 19.0 and INVIVO 5, was applied to calculate the inner volume of the models from the CBCT scan of the phantom. The accuracy was reported as a percentage of the gold standard. Results The intra-examiner reproducibility was high, and the inter-examiner reproducibility was clinically acceptable. AS and MIMICS presented accurate volume calculations, while INVIVO 5 significantly overestimated the mockup of the nasal airway volume. Conclusion With the aid of a 3D printing technique, the new algorithm AS was found to be a clinically reliable and accurate tool for the segmentation and reconstruction of the nasal airway space.

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Tjerkaski, Jonathan, Thomas Hermansson, Emelie Dillenbeck, Fabio Silvio Taccone, Anatolij Truhlar, Sune Forsberg, Jacob Hollenberg, et al. "Strategies of Advanced Airway Management in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest during Intra-Arrest Hypothermia: Insights from the PRINCESS Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2022): 6370. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216370.

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Background: Trans-nasal evaporative cooling is an effective method to induce intra-arrest therapeutic hypothermia in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The use of supraglottic airway devices (SGA) instead of endotracheal intubation may enable shorter time intervals to induce cooling. We aimed to study the outcomes in OHCA patients receiving endotracheal intubation (ETI) or a SGA during intra-arrest trans-nasal evaporative cooling. Methods: This is a pre-specified sub-study of the PRINCESS trial (NCT01400373) that included witnessed OHCA patients randomized during resuscitation to trans-nasal intra-arrest cooling vs. standard care followed by temperature control at 33 °C for 24 h. For this study, patients randomized to intra-arrest cooling were stratified according to the use of ETI vs. SGA prior to the induction of cooling. SGA was placed by paramedics in the first-tier ambulance or by physicians or anesthetic nurses in the second tier while ETI was performed only after the arrival of the second tier. Propensity score matching was used to adjust for differences at the baseline between the two groups. The primary outcome was survival with good neurological outcome, defined as cerebral performance category (CPC) 1–2 at 90 days. Secondary outcomes included time to place airway, overall survival at 90 days, survival with complete neurologic recovery (CPC 1) at 90 days and sustained return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Results: Of the 343 patients randomized to the intervention arm (median age 64 years, 24% were women), 328 received intra-arrest cooling and had data on the airway method (n = 259 with ETI vs. n = 69 with SGA). Median time from the arrival of the first-tier ambulance to successful airway management was 8 min for ETI performed by second tier and 4 min for SGA performed by the first or second tier (p = 0.001). No significant differences in the probability of good neurological outcome (OR 1.43, 95% CI 0.64–3.01), overall survival (OR 1.26, 95% CI 0.57–2.55), full neurological recovery (OR 1.17, 95% CI 0.52–2.73) or sustained ROSC (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.50–1.52) were observed between ETI and SGA. Conclusions: Among the OHCA patients treated with trans-nasal evaporative intra-arrest cooling, the use of SGA was associated with a significantly shorter time to airway management and with similar outcomes compared to ETI.

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Alavian, Firoozeh, and Nasrin Shams. "Oral and Intra-nasal Administration of Nanoparticles in the Cerebral Ischemia Treatment in Animal Experiments: Considering its Advantages and Disadvantages." Current Clinical Pharmacology 15, no. 1 (May 5, 2020): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1574884714666190704115345.

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Background: Over the past few decades, nanotechnology has dramatically advanced; from the precise strategies of synthesizing modern nanostructures to methods of entry into the body. Using nanotechnology in diagnosis, drug delivery, determining signaling pathways, and tissue engineering is great hope for the treatment of stroke. The drug-carrying nanoparticles are a way to increase drug absorption through the mouth or nose in treating the stroke. Objective: In this article, in addition to explaining pros and cons of oral and intra-nasal administration of nanoparticles in the brain ischemia treatment of animal models, the researchers introduce some articles in this field and briefly mentioned their work outcomes. Methods: A number of relevant published articles 183 were initially collected from three popular databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. The articles not closely related to the main purpose of the present work were removed from the study process. The present data set finally included 125 published articles. Results: Direct delivery of the drug to the animal brain through the mouth and nose has more therapeutic effects than systemic delivery of drugs. The strategy of adding drugs to the nanoparticles complex can potentially improve the direct delivery of drugs to the CNS. Conclusion: Despite the limitations of oral and intra-nasal routes, the therapeutic potential of oral and intra-nasal administration of nano-medicines is high in cerebral ischemia treatment.

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Mantle, Peter. "Nasal Decolonisation of MRSA." Antibiotics 8, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics8010014.

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The recent demonstration for the first time of urinary monic acid A as a clinical urinary biomarker of exposure to intra-nasal mupirocin during medication for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) offers a way of verifying adherence to the regimen. However, absence of the biomarker in some patients needs explanation, to ensure that efficient decolonisation has not been compromised by confounding circumstances, and that additional resistance to mupirocin has not unwittingly been encouraged.

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Maskell, S., N. Eze, P. Patel, and A. Hosni. "Laser inferior turbinectomy under local anaesthetic: a well tolerated out-patient procedure." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 121, no. 10 (February 26, 2007): 957–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215107005919.

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The suitability of performing laser inferior turbinectomy under local anaesthesia in an out-patient setting was assessed, regarding its effectiveness and patients' toleration of the procedure. Prospective data collection was undertaken from 129 patients undergoing laser inferior turbinectomy over four years. Patients were assessed, pre-operatively, operatively and at two weeks and three months post-operatively, for pain, complications and symptoms, using the sino-nasal assessment questionnaire.All patients had hypertrophied inferior turbinates. Ninety-eight patients complained of nasal obstruction and 67 had the procedure as part of treatment for snoring. One hundred and twenty-one of the patients had treatment to both inferior turbinates. There were no cases of intra-operative haemorrhage. The average pre-operative sino-nasal assessment questionnaire score was 18.22, which improved to 10.68 at the three month post-operative assessment (p<0.001). Five patients had significant intra-operative pain.This study shows that laser inferior turbinectomy under local anaesthesia is well tolerated and that good results can be achieved when performing the procedure in the out-patient department.

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Kumar, Amrat, Abdul Waheed, Ghulam Shabbir Mahar, Zafar Mahmood, Junaid Hussain, Nosheen Wasee, and Adnan Anwar. "Comparison Of Outcome Between Simple Polypectomy Versus Endoscopic Sinus Surgery." ANNALS OF ABBASI SHAHEED HOSPITAL AND KARACHI MEDICAL & DENTAL COLLEGE 26, no. 4 (December 31, 2021): 192–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.58397/ashkmdc.v26i4.422.

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Objective: Nasal polyps are smooth, soft tissue, pale or yellow shining bulges that can block nasal cavity, sinuses and brings persistent state of rhino sinusitis influencing quality of life. The objective of this study was to compare outcomes of simple intranasal polypectomy versus Endoscopic sinus surgery after removing nasal polyps. Methodology: This comparative cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of ENT in Civil Hospital, Hyderabad from April 2020 to June 2020. After ethical approval, 60 adult patients of either gender ranging from 14 to 40 years, with Sino nasal Polyposis were randomly selected. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 17. Categorical variables like all complications were presented as frequency and percentage. Result: Out of 60 patients, 37(61.6%) males and 23 (38.4%) female, and mean age 28.87 ± 7.69 years, the post-operative complications like bleeding was observed in 6.7%, crusting 10%, Synechiae formation 10% of patients after 6 weeks, recurrence in 13.3% after 3 months, while intraorbital complications i.e. orbital swelling in 13.3% patients following simple intranasal polypectomy. In contrast, bleeding 10%, crusting 16.7% with orbital swelling 3.3% was reported up to 2 weeks following surgery. Synechiae formation 16.7% up to 3 months was observed following Endoscopic sinus surgery. Conclusion: Post-operative complications of endoscopic sinus surgery have been quite lesser as compared to simple nasal polypectomy along with low recurrence rate. Fortunately, intra cranial complications were not observed, only intra orbital swelling was seen in both types of surgeries.

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Singh, Ashutosh Kumar, Sanad Dulal, Rajesh Yadav, and Ajay Singh Thapa. "Transmylohyoid Submental Intubation in complex maxillofacial trauma: The easiest method is also the safest method." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 12, no. 2 (August 29, 2016): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v12i2.15455.

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Background & Objectives: Complex maxillofacial trauma is a common occurrence with high velocity road traffic accidents. Multiple facial bone fracture with loss of reference point for bony reduction requires use of intra-operative intermaxillary fixation to obtain good occlusion which precludes oral intubation. Fractures of nasal bones and ethmoid bones with complex distorted anatomy lead to inability to perform a nasal intubation. In such cases sub-mental intubation can be a safe and easy method of securing the intra-operative airway thus avoiding tracheotomy and its complications.Materials & Methods: Retrospective clinical analytical study was planned in which 25 patients were included. Patient’s age, sex, type of trauma, time taken for procedure and complications were taken as study variables. Results: Average time taken for the procedure was nine minutes and only four out of 25 cases had complications. Conclusion: Sub-mental intubation requires simple skills, less time and is relatively complication free compared to tracheotomy in securing intra-operative airway during surgeries for complex maxillofacial trauma.JCMS Nepal. 2016;12(2):55-9

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Procacci, P., L. Lanaro, G. Molteni, D. Marchioni, F. Lonardi, S. Fusetti, P. F. Nocini, and M. Albanese. "Trans-nasal endoscopic and intra-oral combined approach for odontogenic cysts." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 38, no. 5 (October 2018): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-1915.

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Jafari, Sahar, Lamar O. Mair, Irving N. Weinberg, James Baker-McKee, Olivia Hale, Jamelle Watson-Daniels, Bradley English, et al. "Magnetic drilling enhances intra-nasal transport of particles into rodent brain." Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials 469 (January 2019): 302–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2018.08.048.

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MIYAJIMA, Y., K. SAKAMOTO, T. NAKASHIMA, N. HAYABUCHI, T. ABE, and N. TANAKA. "Selective Intra-Arterial Infusion Chemotherapy for Nasal and Paranasal Sinus Tumors." Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 133, no. 2 (August 2005): P209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2005.05.490.

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