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1
Tuz Yılmaz, Canan, and Ayşe Selda Tekiner. "Intimate Partner Violence among College Women: A Single-Centred Cross-Sectional Study." Journal of Medical and Health Studies 4, no. 6 (December 5, 2023): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jmhs.2023.4.6.9.
Анотація:
This study aimed to identify the prevalence of sexual violence between intimate partners among college women at Ankara University. The depression symptoms were compared with the history of their sexual abuse in the past and in six months. The study, a cross-sectional observational study was conducted on 400 college women. Intimate partner sexual violence was evaluated using the Intimate Partner Violence Victim version and depression was evaluated with the Personal Health Questionnaire-9. Study data were evaluated using statistics such as number, percentage, and mean Mann-Whintey U test, and sample t-test. Sexual violence between intimate partners is present during romantic relationships in college women. Using tobacco, alcohol compulsion, or substance abuse are risk factors for sexual violence with an intimate partner. Furthermore, depression is double diagnosed in college women with sexual violence from intimate partners.
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O’Neal, Eryn Nicole, and Brittany E. Hayes. "The case processing of intimate partner sexual assault: a brief review and recommendations for future research." Journal of Gender-Based Violence 4, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 279–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/239868020x15877396296559.
Анотація:
Research examining legal responses to violence against women has historically dichotomised sexual assault and intimate partner violence, leaving unanswered questions regarding criminal justice responses to intimate partner violence incidents that involve sexual violence. Although research has examined whether cases involving partners, acquaintances or strangers are handled differently, few scholars consider the specific factors that undermine intimate partner sexual assault case processing. The current article guides future intimate partner sexual assault case-processing research with the hopes of filling this research void. Understanding intimate partner sexual assault case processing is necessary so that police, prosecutors and practitioners can use research-based approaches to increase victim satisfaction and decrease attrition.
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Bagwell-Gray, Meredith E., Jill Theresa Messing, and Adrienne Baldwin-White. "Intimate Partner Sexual Violence." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 16, no. 3 (January 4, 2015): 316–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838014557290.
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Barter, C. "Intimate Partner Sexual Violence." British Journal of Social Work 44, no. 4 (June 1, 2014): 1082–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcu063.
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BOSTOCK, D. "INTIMATE PARTNER SEXUAL VIOLENCE." Clinics in Family Practice 5, no. 1 (March 2003): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1522-5720(03)00006-0.
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Cadri, Abdul, Richard Gyan Aboagye, James Boadu Frimpong, Paa Akonor Yeboah, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. "Partner alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea: a cross-sectional analysis of Demographic and Health Survey." BMJ Open 13, no. 3 (March 2023): e066486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066486.
Анотація:
ObjectiveWe examined the association between partner alcohol consumption and the experience of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea.DesignWe performed a cross-sectional analyses of data extracted from the 2016–2018 Papua New Guinea Demographic and Health Survey. We included 3319 women in sexual unions. Multilevel binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between partner alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence, controlling for the covariates. Results from the regression analysis were presented using the crude odds ratios (cORs) and adjusted odds ratios (aORs), with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).SettingPapua New Guinea.ParticipantsWomen aged 15–49 years in sexual unions.Outcome measuresPhysical, emotional, and sexual violence.ResultsThe prevalence of physical, emotional and sexual violence among women in sexual unions in Papua New Guinea were 45.9% (42.4 to 47.7), 45.1% (43.4 to 46.8) and 24.3% (22.9 to 25.8), respectively. The level of partner alcohol consumption was 57.3%. Women whose partners consumed alcohol were more likely to experience physical violence (aOR=2.86, 95% CI=2.43 to 3.37), emotional violence (aOR=2.89, 95% CI=2.44 to 3.43) and sexual violence (aOR=2.56, 95% CI=2.08 to 3.16) compared with those whose partners did not consume alcohol.ConclusionThis study found a relatively high prevalence of intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea. Most importantly, this study found partner alcohol consumption to be significantly and positively associated with intimate partner violence. The study, therefore, recommends that interventions seeking to reduce intimate partner violence among women in Papua New Guinea should intensify behaviour change and education on reducing or eliminating partner alcohol consumption.
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Aboagye, Richard Gyan, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Charles Lwanga Tengan, Iddrisu Salifu, Henry Yaw Acheampong, and Abdul-Aziz Seidu. "Partner alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence against women in sexual unions in sub-Saharan Africa." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 22, 2022): e0278196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278196.
Анотація:
Introduction Intimate partner violence is increasingly gaining attention as the leading form of violence against women globally, particularly sub-Saharan Africa. Given that substance abuse, especially alcohol consumption has long been associated with aggressive behaviour, emotional abuse, and sexual misconduct, it is surprising that studies on the potential association between partner’s alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence are scarce. The current study seeks to fill this gap in the literature by examining the association between partner’s alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence among women in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods Cross-sectional survey data of 89,229 women aged 15 to 49 in sexual unions from 21 sub-Saharan African countries were pooled from the Demographic and Health Surveys. Percentages with their corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) were used to present the results of the prevalence of partner’s alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence. Multivariable binary logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between partner’s alcohol consumption and intimate partner violence. The regression analysis results were presented using adjusted odds ratio (aOR) with 95% CI. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results The pooled prevalence of partner alcohol consumption was 36.3% [36.0–36.6]. The highest prevalence of partner alcohol consumption was found in Burundi (67.1%) with Mali (3.9%) recording the lowest prevalence. Similarly, the overall prevalence of physical violence, emotional violence, and sexual violence among the women were 19.7% [19.2–20.2], 25.0% [24.5–25.5], and 9.7% [9.3–10.1], respectively. In the pooled data, women whose partners consumed alcohol were more likely to experience physical violence [aOR = 2.37, 95% CI = 2.24–2.50], emotional violence [aOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.86–2.07], and sexual violence [aOR = 2.03, 95% CI = 1.89–2.18] compared to those whose partners did not consume alcohol. In all the 21 countries, women whose partners consumed alcohol had higher odds for physical and emotional violence. The odds of sexual violence was higher among women whose partners consumed alcohol compared to their counterparts whose partners did not in 20 countries, except Namibia. Conclusions We found that partner’s alcohol consumption increases women’s likelihood of experiencing physical, emotional, and sexual violence in sub-Saharan Africa. There is the need to implement behavioural change interventions targeted at male partners to reduce alcohol consumption. The findings call for the need to effectively create and organize support networks in addressing intimate partner violence among married and cohabiting women.
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Mchome, Zaina, Gerry Mshana, Diana Aloyce, Esther Peter, Donati Malibwa, Annapoorna Dwarumpudi, Saidi Kapiga, and Heidi Stöckl. "“Don’t You Think It Is Violence Forcing Me to Have Sex While Not Happy?” Women’s Conceptualization of Enjoyable Sex and Sexual Intimate Partner Violence in Mwanza, Tanzania." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 21 (October 29, 2020): 7937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217937.
Анотація:
Intimate partner violence is a recognized public health and development issue that is consistently and comparatively measured through women’s experience of physical and/or sexual acts by their partner. While physical intimate partner violence is covered by a wide range of behaviors, sexual intimate partner violence (SIPV) is often only measured through attempted or completed forced sex, ignoring less obvious forms of sexual intimate partner violence. We explored women’s conceptualizations of SIPV by conducting in-depth interviews with 18 Tanzanian women. Using a thematic approach, we identified key features of women’s sexual intimate relationships and their perceptions of them. The women clearly defined acts of positive sexual relationships that occurred with mutual consent and seduction and SIPV that included acts of forced sex and sex under the threat of violence. They also identified several acts that were crossing the line, whereby a discrepancy of views existed whether they constituted SIPV, such as having sex when out of the mood, sex being the duty of the wife, sex during the menses, requests for anal sex, having sex to not lose the husband, husband refusing sex and husband having other partners. Women in this study felt violated by a far wider range of sexual acts in their relationships. Future studies need to improve the measurement of sexual intimate partner violence to allow the collection of encompassing, yet comparable, data on this harmful phenomenon.
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Akaba, Godwin O., and Habiba I. Abdullahi. "Intimate partner violence among postpartum women at a teaching hospital in Nigeria’s Federal Capital City: pattern and materno-fetal outcomes." Therapeutic Advances in Reproductive Health 14 (January 2020): 263349412092834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2633494120928346.
Анотація:
Background: Intimate partner violence is an important public health and human rights issue. Previous studies have considered intimate partner violence in pregnancy mainly among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics thereby missing out a few who may encounter this problem in late pregnancy or just before delivery. This study had the objective of ascertaining the prevalence, pattern of intimate partner violence, and associated materno-fetal outcomes. Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between January 2017 and June 2017 among postpartum mothers at a Nigerian Teaching Hospital just before being discharged home. The abuse assessment score was adapted and used to interview women regarding possible intimate partner violence experiences within the past 1 year and during the pregnancy after obtaining written consent. Results: Out of 349 postpartum women interviewed, 102/349 (29.2%) experienced intimate partner violence in the past 1 year, while 18/349 (5.2%) of intimate partner violence occurred in the index pregnancy. Sexual partners were the main perpetuators of intimate partner violence, 67/102 (65.7%), while 35/102 (34.3%) were by someone else other than their sexual partners. Among those abused in the current pregnancy, 10/18 (55.6%) were abused once and the remaining 8/18 (44.4%) were abused more than once. Intimate partner violence was associated with higher chances of cesarean section ( p = 0.001), increased risk of lesser birth weight babies ( p = 0.014), and maternal complications in pregnancy ( p = 0.030). Conclusion: The prevalence of intimate partner violence in pregnancy in Abuja is high with associated poor materno-fetal outcomes. Enforcing existing legislations and screening for intimate partner violence during routine antenatal care may help reduce its prevalence and ensure a positive pregnancy experience for Nigerian women.
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Falconer, Tasha. "Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Communication." Journal of Interpersonal Relations, Intergroup Relations and Identity 10 (2017): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33921/qdkr9637.
Анотація:
Intimate partner violence and sexual communication are two areas of research that have been extensively studied, but only few findings connect these areas. This literature review will examine the research that has been done on intimate partner violence, sexual communication and the connections between these two variables. In the light of the discoveries in this field of research, a U shape model is proposed to explain the connection between sexual communication and intimate partner violence. With this information, preventive interventions could be created to stop intimate partner violence before it happens.
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Graves, Kelly N., Stacy M. Sechrist, Jacquelyn W. White, and Matthew J. Paradise. "Intimate Partner Violence Perpetrated by College Women within the Context of a History of Victimization." Psychology of Women Quarterly 29, no. 3 (September 2005): 278–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2005.00222.x.
Анотація:
Using a longitudinal design, the current study explored intimate partner violence perpetration among 1,300 college women within the context of one's history of physical and sexual victimization across 4 years of college. Structural equation modeling indicated that sexual victimization does not predict concurrent use of women's intimate partner violence but does predict subsequent use of women's intimate partner violence during the later years of college. In contrast, physical victimization is associated positively with concurrent use of women's intimate partner violence but is negatively associated with subsequent use of women's intimate partner violence for women. Furthermore, the negative relationship of victimization to subsequent perpetration primarily is due to those with high levels of victimization histories. The present study provides the first model of intimate partner violence within the context of victimization history using longitudinal data. The findings indicate that women's intimate partner violence perpetration is not context-free, but rather is influenced by their own physical and sexual victimization histories.
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Sisic, Mia, Jerry Tan, and Kathryn D. Lafreniere. "Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Intimate Partner Violence, and Sexual Assault." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 21, no. 5 (May 8, 2017): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1203475417708167.
Анотація:
Background: Sexual assault and intimate partner violence have never been examined in individuals with hidradenitis suppurativa. The research is important, because prior studies show higher incidences of intimate partner violence and sexual assault in individuals with disabilities, and hidradenitis suppurativa meets criteria for a disability. Objectives: The objective of the study is to examine whether individuals with hidradenitis suppurativa are at significantly higher risk of intimate partner violence and sexual assault compared with individuals who have acne, a recognised disability. Methods: Participants who met criteria for hidradenitis suppurativa and acne were recruited from a mid-sized university and a dermatology clinic. Participants spoke English and were over the age of sexual consent. Group (hidradenitis suppurativa and acne) differences on intimate partner violence and sexual assault were analysed. Victimisation within the past 12 months was measured using the Checklist for Controlling Behaviours, a measure of intimate partner violence, as well as the Sexual Experiences Survey–Short Form Victim, a measure of sexual assault. Results: In total, 243 participants (n = 128 for hidradenitis suppurativa; n = 115 for acne) were surveyed. Individuals with hidradenitis suppurativa were significantly more likely to report being victimised by intimate partner violence. Conclusions: Intimate partner violence was more frequently observed in individuals with hidradenitis suppurativa. Health care providers should be aware of this issue when interacting with patients with hidradenitis suppurativa.
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Fiorentino, Marion, Luis Sagaon-Teyssier, Khadim Ndiaye, Marie Suzan-Monti, Marie-Thérèse Mengue, Laurent Vidal, Christopher Kuaban, et al. "Intimate partner violence against HIV-positive Cameroonian women: Prevalence, associated factors and relationship with antiretroviral therapy discontinuity—results from the ANRS-12288 EVOLCam survey." Women's Health 15 (January 2019): 174550651984854. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745506519848546.
Анотація:
Background: Intimate partner violence in its various forms increases HIV exposure in female victims and potentially jeopardizes the HIV treatment cascade, for instance, by impeding engagement in and adherence to care. Elevated rates of HIV and intimate partner violence are reported in Central Africa. Evidence on the effect of intimate partner violence on antiviral therapy interruption is lacking in Cameroon, where only 330,000 women live with HIV and only 19% of HIV-positive people are virally suppressed. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors of intimate partner violence against HIV-positive women and its relationship with antiretroviral therapy interruption ⩾1 month. Methods: The EVOLCam cross-sectional survey was conducted in 19 hospitals in the Center and Littoral regions. The study sample comprised antiviral therapy–treated women declaring at least one sexual partner in the previous year. Scores of recent emotional, physical, extreme physical and sexual intimate partner violence were built using principal component analysis and categorized under no, occasional or frequent intimate partner violence. Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between intimate partner violence and recent antiretroviral therapy interruption ⩾1 month, and associated factors. Results: Among the 894 analyzed women, the prevalence of intimate partner violence was 29% (emotional), 22% (physical), 13% (extreme physical) and 18% (sexual). Frequent physical intimate partner violence was a significant risk factor of antiretroviral therapy interruption ⩾1 month (adjusted odds ratio = 2.42 (95% confidence interval = 1.00; 5.87)). It was also associated with HIV-related stigma (2.53 (1.58; 4.02)), living with a main partner (2.03 (1.20; 3.44) and non-defensive violence against this partner (5.75 (3.53; 9.36)). Conclusion: Intimate partner violence is a potential barrier to antiviral therapy continuity and aggravates vulnerability of Cameroonian HIV-positive women. The prevention and detection of intimate partner violence by HIV services might help to reach the last “90” of the 90-90-90 targets.
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Moya, Eva M., Silvia Chávez-Baray, and Omar Martinez. "Intimate Partner Violence and Sexual Health." Health Promotion Practice 15, no. 6 (May 2014): 881–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524839914532651.
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Hamby, Sherry. "Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Research." Trauma, Violence, & Abuse 15, no. 3 (January 24, 2014): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1524838014520723.
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Smith, Paige Hall, Gloria E. Thornton, Robert Devellis, Joanne Earp, and Ann L. Coker. "A Population-Based Study of the Prevalence and Distinctiveness of Battering, Physical Assault, and Sexual Assault in Intimate Relationships." Violence Against Women 8, no. 10 (October 2002): 1208–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107780120200801004.
Анотація:
The types of violence subsumed under the term intimate partner violence include physical assault, sexual assault, psychological abuse, and battering. This study is the first to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence by type (battering, physical assaults, and sexual assaults) in a population-based sample of women aged 18 to 45. The authors describe the prevalence of partner violence by type as well as the demographic, health behavior, and health status correlates of intimate partner violence by type. Findings support the empirical distinction of battering and assault. Battering as measured by the Women's Experiences With Battering (WEB) Scale provided the most comprehensive measure of intimate partner violence.
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Randall, Melanie, and Vasanthi Venkatesh. "Criminalizing Sexual Violence Against Women in Intimate Relationships: State Obligations Under Human Rights Law." AJIL Unbound 109 (2015): 189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300001422.
Анотація:
Criminalization of sexual violence against women in intimate relationships must form a central part of the human rights agenda for achieving gender equality. According to a study by the United Nations Secretary-General, “[t]he most common form of violence experienced by women globally is intimate partner violence” including “a range of sexually, psychologically and physically coercive acts.” The World Health Organization reports that nearly one in four women in some countries may experience sexual violence perpetrated against them by an intimate partner. Other research suggests that approximately 40% of all assaulted women are forced into sex at one time or another by their male partners.
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Hensel, Devon J., Casey L. Bales, Julia F. Taylor, and J. Dennis Fortenberry. "Leveraging a relationship-based sexual health framework for sexual risk prevention in adolescent men in the United States." Sexual Health 15, no. 3 (2018): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17097.
Анотація:
Background Studies link sexual health to lower sexual risk in adolescent women, yet no empirical literature evaluates these associations in adolescent men. Methods: Data were drawn from a longitudinal cohort study of sexual relationships and sexual behaviour among adolescent men (n = 72; 14–16 years) in the US. Participants contributed quarterly partner-specific interviews, from which sexual health information and partnered sexual behaviours were drawn. A multidimensional measure of sexual health was constructed and linked to partnered outcomes, including oral–genital, vaginal and anal sex, condom use, partner concurrency and intimate partner violence. Random intercept, mixed-effects linear, ordinal logistic or binary logistic regression were for analyses. Models controlled for participant age, race/ethnicity and relationship length. Results: Adolescent men contributed 651 unique partner-specific interviews. A higher sexual health score with partners was significantly associated with more frequent oral–genital and vaginal sex, as well as higher condom use, lower partner concurrency and lower received and perpetuated intimate partner violence. Conclusion: Positive sexually related experiences in adolescent men contribute to a core of sexual wellbeing, which in turn is linked to lower levels of sexual risk with partners. The present study data support both developmental and public health applications of sexual health, with attention on promoting healthy sexuality as well as risk reduction. Higher sexual health among adolescent men from the US is associated with more frequent condom use, lower partner concurrency and less frequent intimate partner violence. Young men’s exercising the skills associated with healthy sexuality may also reinforce the skills needed to both enjoy sexuality with partners and to avoid adverse sexual outcomes.
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Leite, Franciéle Marabotti Costa, Bruna Venturin, Luiza Eduarda Portes Ribeiro, Ranielle De Paula Silva, Mayara Luis Alves, Fernando César Wehrmeister, and Dherik Fraga Santos. "Intimate partner violence against women during covid-19: A population-based study in Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil." PLOS ONE 18, no. 12 (December 20, 2023): e0295340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0295340.
Анотація:
Background Violence against women has a negative impact on multiple dimensions of women’s health. During the Covid-19 pandemic, intimate partner violence against women has continued, and in some contexts has intensified. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of intimate partner violence against women during covid-19 pandemic and its association with socioeconomic, behavioral, and life-experience factors. Methods and findings Cross-sectional, population-based study conducted in the municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, from January to May 2022, where 1,086 women aged 18 years and over were interviewed. The World Health Organization (WHO) instrument on violence against women was used to screen outcomes. The prevalence of violence during the pandemic (psychological, physical, and sexual) and bivariate analysis with sociodemographic, behavioral, family, and life history characteristics of women were estimated. The multivariate analysis was carried out for each type of violence, the Poisson regression model was performed with an estimate of robust variance, inserting the variables of interest with (p<0.20). Those with p<0.05 remained in the adjusted model. Results The prevalence of violence psychological against women perpetrated by an intimate partner during the pandemic was the most frequent (20.2%), followed by physical (9.0%) and sexual violence (6.5%). Women with less schooling and who were single had a higher prevalence of physical and psychological violence, as did those with a history of sexual abuse in childhood and whose mothers had been beaten by their intimate partners. Sexual violence was more prevalent among non-white, with up to eight years of schooling, whose mothers had a history of intimate partner violence, and who consumed alcohol during four days or more (p<0.01). Conclusion Psychological, physical, and sexual violence perpetrated by the intimate partner during the pandemic presented high magnitude among women living in Vitória. Sociodemographic, behavioral factors, and personal and maternal experiences of violence were associated with the phenomenon.
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Luciano, Thaís Verly, Beniamino Cislaghi, Raquel Barbosa Miranda, Jerusa Araújo Dias, Ximena Pamela Diaz-Bermudez, and Angelica Espinosa Miranda. "Violence in Quilombola women living in rural communities in Brazil." Revista de Saúde Pública 56 (December 7, 2022): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004651.
Анотація:
OBJETIVE: To estimate the prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence perpetrated against women by their intimate partner (IP) in Quilombola communities located in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. METHODS: The data is from a population-based cross-sectional study of Quilombola women conducted from 2017 to 2018. In-person interviews collected information on women’s sociodemographic characteristics, behaviors, and their experience of violence perpetrated by their IP. The analysis used chi-square test and hierarchical logistic regression. RESULTS: 219 women (94.8% of the invited ones) agreed to participate in the study. 59.0% (95%CI: 5.25–65.5) reported psychological violence; 41% (95%CI: 34.5–47.5) physical violence; and 8.2% (95%CI: 4.6–11.8) sexual violence. Psychological violence was associated with having three or more sexual partners in life, when compared to those who had up to two partners (p = 0,009), and previous violence involving other people outside of family increased the chance of suffering psychological violence by an IP more than nine times (p ≤ 0.001). Regarding physical violence, the association with use of barrier contraception (p = 0.031) and having a partner with other sexual partners (p = 0.024) were protective factors for IP violence. Having 3 or more sexual partners in the last 12 months (p = 0.006), partner using illicit drugs (p = 0,006), and alcoholism in the family (p = 0,001), increased the chance of suffer physical violence by the partner. Sexual violence perpetrated by the IP was associated with miscarriage (p = 0.016), partner using drugs (p = 0.020), and gynecological symptoms (p = 0.045). CONCLUSIONS: These results showed the high frequency of intimate partner violence in Quilombola women and highlight the importance of reducing social and race inequities for interrupting the culture of violence against women.
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Seth, Puja, Jerris L. Raiford, LaShun S. Robinson, Gina M. Wingood, and Ralph J. DiClemente. "Intimate partner violence and other partner-related factors: correlates of sexually transmissible infections and risky sexual behaviours among young adult African American women." Sexual Health 7, no. 1 (2010): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08075.
Анотація:
Background: Intimate partner violence and other partner-related factors have been associated with acquiring sexually transmissible infections (STIs) and engaging in risky sexual behaviour. The present study examined partner-related risk factors for STIs and risky sexual behaviours among an urban sample of African American women. Methods: African American women, between 18 and 29 years (n = 848), participated in the study at baseline. Participants completed a 40-min Audio Computer Assisted Survey Interview assessing sociodemographics, partner-related factors and HIV/STI-associated sexual risk behaviours. Subsequently, participants provided two vaginal swab specimens for STIs. Results: The findings indicated that risky sexual behaviours and STIs were prevalent in this sample: 35.6% reported a risky sexual partner, 65.4% reported inconsistent condom use and 17% tested positive for a laboratory-confirmed STI. Women reporting a history of intimate partner violence were more likely to report risky sexual partners (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5–2.8), inconsistent condom use (AOR = 1.60; 95% CI = 1.1–2.3) and test positive for an STI (AOR = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.99–2.1). Women reporting high partner-related barriers to condom use were more likely to report risky sexual partners (AOR = 1.69; 95% CI = 1.2–2.3), inconsistent condom use (AOR = 2.13; 95% CI = 1.5–3.0) and test positive for an STI (AOR = 1.98; 95% CI = 1.3–3.0). Finally, women with older partners were more likely to report risky sexual partners (AOR = 1.53; 95% CI = 1.1–2.1) and test positive for an STI (AOR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.0–2.2). Conclusions: This study examines partner-related risk factors for STIs and risky sexual behaviours among African American women. These findings underscore the need for combined intimate partner violence and HIV/STI prevention programs for this disproportionately affected high-risk group.
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Tomy, Chitra, Minu Rose Mani, Sr Deepa, Sr Ann Christy, and Avita Rose Johnson. "Intimate partner violence experienced by pregnant women availing antenatal care at a rural hospital in South Karnataka." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3548. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183096.
Анотація:
Background: Intimate partner violence is a global phenomenon with 30% of women having faced physical or sexual violence by a partner in their lifetime. Rural women with poor access to health services and counselling, often suffer in silence. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy has a negative effect on maternal and foetal outcomes. The aims of the study were to estimate the prevalence of intimate partner violence among pregnant women availing antenatal care services in a rural area of South India in current pregnancy and in the past 12 months, and to study the various socio-demographic factors associated with intimate partner violence.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among antenatal women availing services at a rural maternity hospital, using a questionnaire based on NFHS-3, to document physical, emotional and sexual domains of intimate partner violence.Results: Among 150 pregnant women aged 18-29 years, the prevalence of any form of intimate partner violence was 30.7% in the past 12 months before pregnancy (physical 10.7%, sexual 2%, and emotional 26%), and 2.7%. in current pregnancy. Lower educational status of husband and wife, history of alcohol consumption, tobacco usage and unplanned pregnancy were all significantly associated with increased intimate partner violence.Conclusions: Routine antenatal care provides an opportunity to screen women for intimate partner violence, especially those with risk factors like lower level of education, unplanned pregnancy as well as alcohol and tobacco consumption by the husband, which were found to be significantly associated with intimate partner violence in our study.
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Silva, Ranielle de Paula, Franciéle Marabotti Costa Leite, Edson Theodoro dos Santos Netto, and Suely Ferreira Deslandes. "Intimate partner violence during pregnancy: a focus on partner characteristics." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 27, no. 5 (May 2022): 1873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022275.06542021en.
Анотація:
Abstract This study analyzes the association between violence against women during pregnancy and intimate partner socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics. We conducted an analytical cross-sectional study with 327 postpartum women admitted to a maternity hospital in a city in Espírito Santo, Brazil using a questionnaire to collect data on intimate partner socioeconomic and behavioral characteristics. Intimate partner violence was assessed using questions based on the World Health Organisation instrument “Violence against Women (WHO VAW STUDY)”. Associations were tested using crude and adjusted Poisson regression. The prevalence of psychological violence during pregnancy was higher among women whose partners consumed alcohol, refused to use condoms, and were not the infant’s biological father. Physical violence was associated with women whose partners did not work and refused to use condoms. The prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy was more than nine times higher among women with partners who refused to use condoms. The findings demonstrate that antenatal care is an opportune time to approach partners about health care and address violence. It is necessary to promote the utilization of health services by men in order to address risk factors for violence during pregnancy.
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Spencer, Cory N., Mariam Khalil, Molly Herbert, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Alejandra Arrieta, María Jose Baeza, Flavia Bustreo, et al. "Health effects associated with exposure to intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse: a burden of proof study." Nature Medicine 29, no. 12 (December 2023): 3243–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02629-5.
Анотація:
AbstractThe health impacts of intimate partner violence against women and childhood sexual abuse are not fully understood. Here we conducted a systematic review by comprehensively searching seven electronic databases for literature on intimate partner violence-associated and childhood sexual abuse-associated health effects. Following the burden of proof methodology, we evaluated the evidence strength linking intimate partner violence and/or childhood sexual abuse to health outcomes supported by at least three studies. Results indicated a moderate association of intimate partner violence with major depressive disorder and with maternal abortion and miscarriage (63% and 35% increased risk, respectively). HIV/AIDS, anxiety disorders and self-harm exhibited weak associations with intimate partner violence. Fifteen outcomes were evaluated for their relationship to childhood sexual abuse, which was shown to be moderately associated with alcohol use disorders and with self-harm (45% and 35% increased risk, respectively). Associations between childhood sexual abuse and 11 additional health outcomes, such as asthma and type 2 diabetes mellitus, were found to be weak. Although our understanding remains limited by data scarcity, these health impacts are larger in magnitude and more extensive than previously reported. Renewed efforts on violence prevention and evidence-based approaches that promote healing and ensure access to care are necessary.
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Cau, Boaventura M. "Area-Level Normative Social Context and Intimate Partner Physical Violence in Mozambique." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 15-16 (April 21, 2017): 2754–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517704960.
Анотація:
Violence against women is considered a serious public health problem. It is estimated that about 30% of women who have been in a relationship in the world have experienced some form of physical or sexual violence from their intimate partners. In sub-Saharan Africa, one of the regions in the world with the highest prevalence of intimate partner violence, there have been studies of factors associated with intimate partner violence. However, few studies have explicitly examined the influence of the normative social context on women’s accepting attitudes toward spousal abuse and their risk of experiencing intimate partner violence in the region. Using data from the 2011 Demographic and Health Survey in Mozambique, we employ multilevel logistic regression to examine the influence of area-level normative social context factors on 4,864 women’s accepting attitudes toward spousal abuse and their likelihood of experiencing intimate partner physical violence in Mozambique. Our findings revealed the importance of religious norms in geographic areas as key predictors of women’s acceptance of intimate partner violence. Specifically, area-level normative religious predictors were negatively associated with women’s acceptance of spousal abuse. The prevalence of early marriages in a given geographic area was positively associated with both acceptance of spousal abuse and experiencing intimate partner physical violence. The level of female education in a geographic area was negatively associated with accepting spousal abuse and having experienced intimate partner physical violence. As intimate partner physical violence in sub-Saharan Africa continues unabated, programs and interventions to address the problem will need to consider the normative context of geographic areas.
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Brassard, Audrey, Christine Gagnon, Aurélie Claing, Caroline Dugal, Claudia Savard, and Katherine Péloquin. "Can Romantic Attachment and Psychopathy Concomitantly Explain the Forms and Severity of Perpetrated Intimate Partner Violence in Men Seeking Treatment?" Partner Abuse 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 123.2–143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/pa-2021-0008.
Анотація:
This study examines the respective contributions of two risk markers for intimate partner violence perpetrated by men seeking psychological help: psychopathic personality traits (primary and secondary), and attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance). In an effort to offer more specific and nuanced results, the severity of the violence perpetrated by participants (i.e., minor and severe) was examined with regards to three forms of intimate partner violence: physical, psychological, and sexual. A sample of 226 men seeking help in a community organization specialized in the treatment of relational difficulties and intimate partner violence answered a series of self-report questionnaires. Results of multiple and logistic regression analyses reveal that attachment anxiety is related to the perpetration of minor psychological violence, severe physical violence, and minor sexual violence. Attachment avoidance is not significantly associated with perpetration of intimate partner violence when attachment anxiety and psychopathy traits are considered. Primary psychopathy is also linked to the perpetration of severe psychological and sexual violence, whereas secondary psychopathy is solely associated with the perpetration of minor psychological violence. From a clinical standpoint, these results highlight the importance of considering the forms and severity of intimate partner violence, and put forward the relevance of assessing and considering issues surrounding attachment insecurities and psychopathy in men seeking treatment for relationship difficulties.
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Kurebwa, Jeffrey. "Violence, Emotionally Abusive and Controlling Behaviour in Intimate Partner Relationships." International Journal of Political Activism and Engagement 6, no. 1 (January 2019): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijpae.2019010103.
Анотація:
This study focused on intimate partner violence (IPV) in relationships in the Bindura urban of Zimbabwe. IPV exert a long-term influence in relationships. One of the most dangerous forms of violence is performed by an intimate partner. People in relationships experience all forms of IPV such as physical, emotional, economic, and sexual. Violence is often perpetrated against an intimate partner as a way of showing systematic patterns of dominance and control. Qualitative methodology was used in this study. Data was collected through key informant interviews, focus group discussions and documentary sources. The research concludes that intimate partner violence impacts survivors' immediate sexual, physical and psychological health and increases the risks of longer-term health problems and social stigma.
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Samad, Nandeeta, Pranta Das, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, James Boadu Frimpong, Joshua Okyere, John Elvis Hagan, Mohammad Hayatun Nabi, and Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader. "Intimate Partner Violence and Pregnancy Termination in Armenia: Evidence from Nationally-Representative Survey Data." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 11, no. 2 (March 28, 2021): 294–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe11020022.
Анотація:
Intimate partner violence has been associated with numerous consequences for women, including pregnancy termination. This study examined the association between predictive capacity of intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination among women in Armenia. The study analyzed the 2015–16 Armenia Demographic and Health Survey (ADHS) data on women aged 15–49 (Mean: 31.49; Standard Deviation, SD: 9.51). Marital control exercised by husbands, ever experienced physical violence, sexual violence, and emotional violence by husbands were the four indicators of intimate partner violence used in this study. To assess the association between intimate partner violence and pregnancy termination, a binary logistic regression model was fitted. After controlling for confounders, we found that women whose husbands exercised marital control were 26% more likely to experience pregnancy termination, compared to women whose husbands did not exercise marital control (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.26, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.03–1.53). Women who ever experienced sexual violence were about 10 times likely to experience pregnancy termination than women who did not experience sexual violence (aOR: 9.76, 95% CI: 1.91–49.96). Both ever experienced physical violence and emotional violence did not have any significant associations with pregnancy termination. Forms of intimate partner violence are associated with pregnancy termination. The findings of this study provide evidence for government and policymakers to formulate, modify, and implement policies and program that target both men and women regarding the prevailing intimate partner violence and its consequences. Strengthening the policy implementation will ensure that women are empowered to make decisions about their reproductive health. Making husbands and their family members aware of the basics and consequences of intimate partner violence and focusing on child cognitive development which can be hampered due to the prevalence violence in families are recommended.
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Miller, Lior, and Manuel Contreras-Urbina. "Exploring the determinants and outcomes of intimate partner violence during pregnancy for Guyanese women: Results from a nationally representative cross-sectional household survey." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 45 (March 24, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2021.6.
Анотація:
Objective. To determine predictors associated with physical violence during pregnancy, and to determine the relationship between exposure to intimate partner violence during pregnancy and women’s health and suicide ideation in Guyana. Methods. A secondary data analysis of a cross-sectional household survey. Multivariate logistic regression models were fitted to the data to estimate the association between physical violence during pregnancy, controlling partner behavior, and other predictors. Ordered logistic regression models were fitted to estimate the association between physical violence during pregnancy and women’s health, and lifetime physical partner violence and overall health. Logistic regression models were fitted to estimate associations between physical violence during pregnancy and lifetime physical partner violence and overall health and suicide ideation. Results. The prevalence of lifetime physical/sexual intimate partner violence was 38.8%, current physical/ sexual intimate partner violence 11.1%, and violence during pregnancy 9.2%. Controlling partner behavior was significantly and positively associated with maternal experience of physical violence during pregnancy. Experiencing physical partner violence during pregnancy, but not lifetime physical partner violence, was associated with significantly increased odds of poor overall health. Physical violence during pregnancy and lifetime physical violence were both significantly associated with increased odds of suicide ideation. Conclusions. The prevalence of violence during pregnancy in Guyana is high and is associated with adverse health outcomes. These findings suggest the need for intimate partner violence prevention, and for integrating intimate partner violence screening and treatment into antenatal care, reproductive health services, and maternal and child health programs and services to identify and treat at-risk women.
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Turner, Sidney, Elizabeth A. Moschella, and Victoria L. Banyard. "The Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Reasons for Disclosing Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence Scale." Violence and Victims 34, no. 4 (August 1, 2019): 569–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00118.
Анотація:
A wide body of research has studied what happens when survivors disclose interpersonal violence (Ullman, 2010; Ullman & Filipas, 2001). Less studied is why survivors disclose their experiences. Although research in other disciplines has created measures to assess the reasons for disclosing other concealable identities (Derlega, Winstead, Folk-Barron, & Petronio, 2000), the present study aimed to fill a gap in the existing literature by creating a measure to assess the reasons for disclosing sexual and intimate partner violence. The Reasons for Disclosing Sexual and Intimate Partner Violence Scale was created after interviewing survivors and receiving feedback on the measure from crisis center advocates and experts in the field (i.e., content validity). The psychometric properties (i.e., dimensionality and reliability) of the measure were tested with a sample of 274 adult female survivors of sexual and intimate partner violence. The results suggested that reasons for disclosing sexual and intimate partner violence can be broken down into seven factors (e.g., safety and justice, image validation), and that these reasons vary from other concealable identities.
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Montiel Ishino, Francisco A., Claire Rowan, Joel Seme Ambikile, Donaldson F. Conserve, Diana Lopez, Melanie Sabado-Liwag, and Faustine Williams. "Intimate partner violence and HIV testing during antenatal care: A latent class analysis to identify risk factors for HIV infection in mothers and their children in the United Republic of Tanzania." PLOS Global Public Health 2, no. 8 (August 12, 2022): e0000831. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0000831.
Анотація:
Intimate partner violence has adverse effects on mother’s overall health and prevention of mother to child HIV transmission. To identify and examine subgroups of mothers experiencing intimate partner violence and the likelihood of HIV testing during antenatal care, we conducted a latent class analysis using data from the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey 2010 (N = 2,809). Intimate partner violence included mother’s experiences with partners’ controlling behaviors, as well as emotional, physical, and sexual violence. The outcome was mother’s accepting HIV testing offered during their antenatal care visit. Covariates included mother’s level of education, rural/urban residence, and prevention of mother to child HIV transmission talk during antenatal care visit. The latent class analysis indicated a three-class solution was the best model and identified the following profiles: mothers with no experience of intimate partner violence (61% of sample) with a 90.5% likelihood of HIV testing; mothers with moderate levels of intimate partner violence (26%) with an 84.7% likelihood of testing; and mothers with extreme levels of intimate partner violence (13%) with an 82% likelihood of testing. An auxiliary multinomial logistic regression with selected covariates was conducted to further differentiate IPV profiles, where mothers with extreme levels of intimate partner violence had 57% increased odds [95%CI:1.06–2.33, p = .023] of living in rural areas compared to mothers with no experience of intimate partner violence. Our person-centered methodological approach provided a novel model to understand the impact of multiple intimate partner violence risk factors on antenatal care HIV testing to identify mothers in need of interventions and their children at highest for parent to child HIV transmission. Our model allows person-centered interventional designs tailored for the most at-risk subgroups within a population.
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García-Pérez, Selene, Guadalupe Pastor-Moreno, Isabel Ruiz-Pérez, and Jesús Henares-Montiel. "Relationship between Sexual Violence and the Health of Spanish Women—A National Population-Based Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 4 (February 14, 2023): 3365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20043365.
Анотація:
Background: Health consequences are likely to be different when sexual violence is analysed independently from other types of violence. It is also likely that different health consequences will result in the cases of partner or ex-partner sexual violence, non-partner sexual violence and sexual harassment. Methods: This study is based on the 2019 Macro-survey of Violence against Women conducted by the Spanish Ministry of Equality on a sample of 9,568 women aged 16 years or older. Odds ratios were calculated, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The present study estimates that 4 out of 10 surveyed women had experienced some form of sexual violence in their lifetime. Sexual harassment is the most frequently reported form of this violence, while intimate partner sexual violence is the form with the most unfavourable sociodemographic characteristics and the worst health impact indicators, such as a greater likelihood of suicidal behaviour. Conclusions: Sexual violence is a widespread, under-studied problem with negative health impacts. Women exposed to intimate partner violence are the most vulnerable and at risk. It is advised that responses and comprehensive care plans be developed that place special emphasis on the protection of victims’ mental health.
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Tabassum, Fariha, Rhidoy Ahmed, Farjana Jahan, and MD Redwan Ahmed Zawad. "Intimate Partner Violence and Homelessness among Women: The Role of the YWCA to Rebuild Their Lives." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 5, no. 10 (October 5, 2023): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2023.5.10.6.
Анотація:
The problem of intimate partner violence is multifaceted and intricate. Women face intimate partner violence due to a lack of control over power and economic resources. Women experience various issues, i.e., economic and sexual coercion, emotional abuse, and so on. In many cases, they faded out of their social circumstances, and they were inefficient at moving forward with their lives. In extreme cases, they become homeless and socially isolated. In that situation, extensive social support is required to bring them back to a normal life. The study aims to explore the role of the YWCA in rebuilding women’s lives who experienced IPV. The study sought to shed light on their systems for addressing intimate violence cases and how they advocate for and support the victims to resume their social lives following traumatic experiences and promote safe housing. The study's findings showed that when women experienced physical, sexual, or emotional abuse, they were often trapped and subjugated by their intimate partners. The women faced restrictions and control over the financial resources and activities that were imposed by their intimate partners. Therefore, due to limited interactions with neighbors and friends, women were also disadvantaged in seeking support from others. Hence, the YWCA plays a noteworthy role for women in mitigating and coping with the traumatic experiences of intimate partner violence and homelessness.
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Ludermir, Ana Bernarda, Sandra Valongueiro, and Thália Velho Barreto de Araújo. "Common mental disorders and intimate partner violence in pregnancy." Revista de Saúde Pública 48, no. 1 (February 2014): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-8910.2014048004538.
Анотація:
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the association between common mental disorders and intimate partner violence during pregnancy. METHODS : A cross sectional study was carried out with 1,120 pregnant women aged 18-49 years old, who were registered in the Family Health Program in the city of Recife, Northeastern Brazil, between 2005 and 2006. Common mental disorders were assessed using the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Intimate partner violence was defined as psychologically, physically and sexually abusive acts committed against women by their partners. Crude and adjusted odds ratios were estimated for the association studied utilizing logistic regression analysis. RESULTS : The most common form of partner violence was psychological. The prevalence of common mental disorders was 71.0% among women who reported all form of violence in pregnancy and 33.8% among those who did not report intimate partner violence. Common mental disorders were associated with psychological violence (OR 2.49, 95%CI 1.8;3.5), even without physical or sexual violence. When psychological violence was combined with physical or sexual violence, the risk of common mental disorders was even higher (OR 3.45; 95%CI 2.3;5.2). CONCLUSIONS : Being assaulted by someone with whom you are emotionally involved can trigger feelings of helplessness, low self-esteem and depression. The pregnancy probably increased women`s vulnerability to common mental disorders
35
Camargo, Esperanza. "Gender inequality and intimate partner violence in Bolivia." Revista Colombiana de Sociología 42, no. 2 (July 1, 2019): 257–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/rcs.v42n2.69629.
Анотація:
Intimate partner violence against women is of particular concern in Bolivia, a country ranked second among ten Latin American countries in the prevalence of physical and sexual violence toward women (Hindin, Kishor, and Ansara, 2008). This study examines the correlation between intimate partner violence and the type of domestic decision making. Using factor analysis and structural equation modeling on a sample of 2,759 Bolivian heterosexual couples, this study finds that intimate partner violence is less likely to occur in families in which the decision making is egalitarian (female and male partners make decisions together) but more likely to occur when either the male partner or the female partner makes decisions alone. These findings support the hypotheses that the gender distribution of power may cause conflict between intimate heterosexual partners (Anderson, 1997; Dobash, Dobash, Wilson, and Daly, 1992; Jewkes, 2002). It also goes further in demonstrating that such distribution could lead to egalitarian, matriarchal, or patriarchal domestic decision making and that there are differential consequences for both intimate partner offending and victimization. In rural areas, Bolivian women are more vulnerable; men more often make decisions alone; and women are less educated and poorer than in urban areas. In the patriarchal-type family, men make decisions and may abuse their female partners physically and psychologically. This type of family is poorer and less educated, and it is inversely correlated with women’s and men’s education. Indeed, education seems to play a key role in heterosexual relationships; men's education is inversely correlated with females' physical victimization. However, these findings also support a) the status inconsistency theory: in wealthier, more educated households, the female partner made decisions alone but was still physically and psychologically abused by her intimate partner, and b) intimate partner violence is influenced by structural factors, such as patriarchal beliefs, social power structure, poverty, and social inequalities (Barak, 2003, 2006).
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Wang, Ling, Qinglu Wu, and Anna Wai-Man Choi. "Negative Emotions as Risk Factors for Self-Directed Violence and Intimate Partner Violence in Chinese College Students." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 19-20 (June 12, 2017): 3886–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260517713225.
Анотація:
In this study, we examined the unique contributions of negative emotions (i.e., anger, depression, and shame) for two different types of self-directed violence (i.e., nonsuicidal self-injury [NSSI] and suicidality) and three different types of intimate partner violence perpetration (i.e., physical, sexual, and psychological violence) in a college sample. We investigated the moderating role of gender in any link between the negative emotions and the violent behaviors. We also examined an association between self-directed violence and intimate partner violence perpetration. We collected the survey data from a convenience sample of 752 Chinese college students (408 women and 344 men) ranging from 18 to 23 years of age. The questionnaires were filled out during class time. Analyses revealed that anger was associated with increased intimate partner physical, sexual, and psychological violence perpetration but not self-directed violence, underscoring its relevance for engaging in violence directed toward others. Our analyses also showed that, conversely, shame was associated with increased NSSI and suicidality but not intimate partner violence. Depression was associated with increased risk of engaging in self-directed violence as well as intimate partner physical and psychological violence. Moderation analysis showed that gender moderates the relationship of shame with NSSI. Women appear more susceptible to NSSI influenced by shame. Furthermore, the results found self-directed violence and intimate partner physical violence perpetration to be associated. The findings highlight the importance of targeting negative emotions in treatment with high-risk individuals. Integrated violence prevention programs would make it possible to treat co-occurring violence against self and intimate others in a more effective way.
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Perveen, Kausar, Sobia Shahzad, and Samira Baber. "Magnitudes And Dynamics Of Intimate Partner Violence." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 6, no. 1 (December 8, 2012): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v6i1.401.
Анотація:
Intimate partner violence is the maltreatment and exploitation of one person by another person in the context of close relationship. It may include the behavior such as intimidation; harassment, and persecution, verbal aggression, denial of access to resources, sexual coercion assault, or physical assault or torture. Researchers have explore that intimate partner violence (IPV) can be described as violence committed by a spouse, ex- spouse, current or former girlfriend or boyfriend. The violence can be physical, sexual, psychological/emotional and financial in nature. The present study evens a small attempt to explore and study the association amid different individual, familial and societal level risk marker with intimate partner violence. This is an exploratory study in qualitative manners to analyze this millennium old phenomenon. The paper focuses first on the problems in defining what is meant by intimate partner violence. Secondly, it describes the difficulties in assessing the magnitude and risk factors of the problem. Finally, the paper examines the limitation and bias in legislation to end the problem.
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Kivisto, Aaron J., Katherine L. Kivisto, Todd M. Moore, and Deborah L. Rhatigan. "Antisociality and Intimate Partner Violence: The Facilitating Role of Shame." Violence and Victims 26, no. 6 (2011): 758–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.26.6.758.
Анотація:
Numerous theories classify distinct subtypes of men who perpetrate violence against female partners. These theories contend that a large portion of these men possess antisocial characteristics that may increase risk for violence. Affectively, these men have been found to externalize their emotions, including shame and guilt, and it has been suggested that this process contributes to the perpetration of partner violence. Therefore, this study sought to examine the role of shame and guilt in the association between antisociality and partner violence perpetration (i.e., psychological, physical, and sexual). Based on a sample of 423 undergraduate men, this study found that shame moderated the association between antisociality and partner violence perpetration such that as shame increases, the associations between antisociality and all three types of partner violence perpetration increase. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of typological models of partner violence and have clinical implications for batterer intervention programs.
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Martínez Sanz, Alicia, Carmen Mañas Viejo, and Almudena Iniesta Martínez. "ANTECEDENTES DE VIOLENCIA EN LA INFANCIA Y REPERCUSIÓN PSICOPATOLÓGICA EN MUJERES QUE HAN VIVIDO VIOLENCIA POR SUS PAREJAS. ESTUDIO EXPLORATORIO." International Journal of Developmental and Educational Psychology. Revista INFAD de Psicología. 3, no. 1 (September 27, 2016): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.17060/ijodaep.2014.n1.v3.521.
Анотація:
Abstract:VIOLENCE HISTORY DURING THE CHILDHOOD AND THE PSYCHOPATHOLOGICAL IMPACT IN WOMEN WHO EXPERIENCED INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE. EXPLORATORY STUDYTraumatic experiences during the childhood may be the cause of a large psychopathological impact in the adulthood. Some researches show that suffer physical and sexual abuses in the childhood may be related to intimate partner violence. The main purpose of this research is not other that to analyse if abuse during childhood may increase the symptoms of female victims of intimate partner violence in their adulthood. It is also examined if an abused experience during the childhood could be related to with intimate partner violence. It has been studied 60 women real cases who were in a woman public support service and reported intimate partner violence (V group). The control group was 20 women real cases who went to the same service, however, reported no partner violence (NV group). The results show that suffer violence during the childhood may increase the anxiety level and PTSD’s symptoms of female victims of intimate partner violence, although it would be necessary increasing the sample and using a retrospective method acting to deepen in traumatic childhood experiences in future researches.Keywords: violence, woman, partner, impact, psychopathological, abuse, childhood.Resumen:Las situaciones traumáticas vividas en la infancia pueden tener una gran repercusión psicopatológica en la vida adulta. Otros estudios han mostrado que haber vivido abuso físico o sexual en la infancia puede estar relacionado con vivir una situación de maltrato por la pareja. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue comprobar si vivir algún tipo de violencia en la infancia puede aumentar la sintomatología de las mujeres que han sufrido violencia por sus parejas en la vida adulta. Además se exploró si la existencia de antecedentes de violencia en la infancia podía estar asociada a la violencia en la pareja. Se estudió una muestra de 60 mujeres que acudieron a un servicio público de apoyo y asesoramiento la mujer y manifestaron haber vivido violencia por sus parejas(grupo V). El grupo control lo formaron 20 mujeres que acudieron al mismo servicio, pero que afirmaron no haber sufrido violencia por sus parejas (grupo NV). Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que los antecedentes de violencia en la infancia pueden aumentar el nivel de ansiedad y los síntomas del TEPT en mujeres que han vivido violencia por sus parejas, aunque sería necesario en futuras investigaciones ampliar la muestra y utilizar una herramienta retrospectiva que profundice en las situaciones traumáticas vividas en la infancia.Palabras clave: violencia, mujer, pareja, repercusión, psicopatológica, maltrato, infancia.
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Dziewa, Amandine, and Fabienne Glowacz. "Violence and sexual violence between partners: A qualitative analysis of female victims’ experiences." Tijdschrift voor Genderstudies 24, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgn2021.2.004.dzie.
Анотація:
Abstract Subject: In the 1970s, domestic violence was put on the political agenda as a societal problem. Since then, research exploring the dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) has multiplied, but the study of sexual violence between partners is still topical. This article examines female victims’ experiences of intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV). Method: This qualitative study uses a thematic approach to explore how IPV victims perceive sexual violence within their couple. Semi-structured interviews, which include the use of qualitative life calendars, were conducted with 20 women. Results: The thematic analysis of the 20 interviews highlighted several themes and sub-themes that address (1) sexual violence experienced by victims within the couple, (2) their perception of sexual violence, and (3) the reasons why they submitted to unwanted sex in an abusive relationship. Conclusion: Experiences of sexual violence are the result of different dynamics; however, IPSV is a form of violence that is still difficult to identify and is more often defined by victims as an impulse or aggression than a rape. Within the couple, the impact of violence, but also the influence of gender stereotypes, affect the perception of violence, assertiveness capacities, and, therefore, the ability to express free consent. Victims submitt to their partner because they are afraid of him; they want to protect themselves or their children; or they do not have the capacity to express their non-consent.
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Manuel, Beatriz, Kristien Roelens, Armindo Tiago, Ines Keygnaert, and Martin Valcke. "Medical Curricula on Intimate Partner Violence in Mozambique." Acta Médica Portuguesa 33, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20344/amp.12049.
Анотація:
Introduction: The aim of the study described in this paper is to screen medical curricula in relation to the attention paid to intimate partner violence, by applying a framework derived from the international literature.Material and Methods: We screened curricula of five Mozambican medical schools based on a state-of-the-art intimate partner violence curriculum framework. The latter framework was based on a review of the literature.Results: Few medical schools of Mozambique could be identified addressing intimate partner violence in their curriculum. When tackled, intimate partner violence content is mostly dealt within the context of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Community Health and Forensic Medicine rotations. Intimate partner violence contents are integrated as stand-alone modules in some specific subjects. In none of the schools, specific teachers teaching intimate partner violence could be identified. No time allocation was specified to address the topic; no teaching and learning strategies could be identified invoking awareness or supporting basic knowledge acquisition; additionally, hardly any information about related assessment methods was found. Only in one medical school was the subject part of the formal curriculum.Discussion: Intimate partner violence content is hardly and inconsistently addressed. The limited intimate partner violence content tracked in the Mozambican medical schools’ curricula, mainly addresses violence in general, for instance as identified in Orthopaedics or Surgery contexts and sexual violence in Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The inclusion of elements of intimate partner violence in the curriculum remains restricted, questioning the impact of medical education of future practitioners’ competencies.Conclusion: Critical changes are needed in medical curricula to match the current epidemiology of intimate partner violence in Mozambique.
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Gaha, Rekha, and Dorwin Das. "Women’s Empowerment and its Relationship to Intimate Partner Violence in Palpa District, Lumbini, Nepal." Journal of Advanced Academic Research 11, no. 1 (May 8, 2024): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jaar.v11i1.65532.
Анотація:
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) violates women's human rights and is a major public health concern. Intimate relationship violence or non-partner sexual assault affects about one in three (30%) women worldwide at some point in their lives. These types of violence harm women's sexual, emotional, physical, and reproductive health. This kind of abuse against women is preventable. Women's empowerment encompasses six common qualities: psychological, political, legal, economic, physical, and social empowerment, encompassing various aspects of life. Objectives: To assess the relationship between women’s empowerment and intimate partner violence. To identify the prevalence and contributing factors of intimate partner violence among married women. Materials and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted for the study. The sample size was 352 and a purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data was collected by face-to-face interviews using per-tested questionnaire during April, May, June, and July 2023. Questionnaire related to Socio-demographic information, Standard valid tool Conflict Tactics Scale tools (CTS) were used as instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS version 22. Results: Out of 352 respondents, nearly half (43.2%) were between the ages of 30 and 39. Half of the respondents (50.3%) had low decision-making levels. Likewise, the lowest proportion of the respondents (16.2%) had a moderate level. More than half of the respondents (58.5%) had a low level of empowerment, whereas only 3.4% of the respondents had a high level of empowerment. Regarding violence, physical was 20.2%, sexual was 24.1%, emotional was 33.2%, controlling behavior was 53.7%, and overall intimate partner violence was 68.5%. There is a statistically significant relationship between intimate partner violence and women’s age (p =<0.010*), duration of marriage (p=<0.009*), socioeconomic class (p = <0.01*), member of the organization (p = 0.005*), bank account (p=0.006*), empowerment (p = 0.020*), husband's alcohol habit (p = <0.01*), and husband's smoking habit (p = <0.01*). Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it was concluded that more empowered women had less experience with intimate partner violence, whereas less empowered women had more experience with emotional, sexual, and physical abuse, as well as dominating actions from their close relationships. Having children, household decision-making, and property ownership had no noticeable effect on the prevalence of intimate relationship violence. The likelihood of intimate relationship violence was not significantly impacted by having children, making decisions, or possessing property.
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Takyi, Baffour K., and Enoch Lamptey. "Faith and Marital Violence in Sub-Saharan Africa: Exploring the Links Between Religious Affiliation and Intimate Partner Violence Among Women in Ghana." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 35, no. 1-2 (November 18, 2016): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516676476.
Анотація:
Research shows that intimate partner violence is quite widespread throughout the world. In the case of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), studies have concluded that cultural and economic factors help to sustain the spread and maintenance of intimate partner violence in the region. Although the cultural interpretations predominate in current research, few have examined the links between religion, an important cultural variable, and intimate partner violence in SSA. Given the growth and importance of religion in African cultures, we used data from the 2008 Ghana Demographic Health Survey ( n = 1,831) and ordinary least squares regression method to investigate the links between religious affiliation and intimate partner violence. Findings from our study point to some variations in intimate partner violence by affiliation. This is especially true with regard to women’s experience with sexual violence and emotional violence. Besides religion, we also found ideologies that support wife abuse, the nature of decision-making process at the household level, and husband’s use of alcohol to be important determinants of intimate partner violence in Ghana. We examined the implications of these findings.
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Shewangzaw Engda, Abayneh, Abate Dargie Wubetu, Fetene Kasahun Amogne, and Tebabere Moltot Kitaw. "Intimate partner violence and COVID-19 among reproductive age women: A community-based cross-sectional survey, Ethiopia." Women's Health 18 (January 2022): 174550652110689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17455065211068980.
Анотація:
Introduction: Intimate partner violence is one of the most common psychological, physical, and sexual assaults toward women which suit the entire life of women, and nowadays, the magnitude accelerates due to coronavirus pandemic. Hence, this study was aimed to examine the prevalence of intimate partner violence and predictors during coronavirus among childbearing-age residents in Debre Berhan. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was employed from 1 May to 1 July 2020. Eight items of women abuse screening tool were used to estimate intimate partner violence. Trained data collectors directly interview randomly selected participants. The data were entered using Epi-info V. 7 and analyzed using SPSS V. 23. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of intimate partner violence and the frequency distribution of other variables. During bivariate analysis, predictor variables with a p-value less than 0.25 were nominated to further analysis. An adjusted odds ratio with a 95% confidence interval was used and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: A total of 700 participants were included with a response rate of 95.1%. The prevalence of intimate partner violence in the past single year was 19% with 95% confidence interval = 16.1–21.9. Besides, the prevalence of emotional (19.9%, 95% confidence interval = 16.9–22.8), sexual (10.9%, 95% confidence interval = 8.6–13.2) and physical (9.4%, 95% confidence interval = 7.3–11.6) violence was reported. Women with depressive symptoms, overweight, suicidal ideation, and body image disturbance were significantly associated with intimate partner violence, but not educational status, employment, income, stressful life events, lifetime alcohol use, suicidal attempt, and abortion. Conclusion and recommendation: Nearly one out of five interviewed participants had intimate partner violence. Being overweight, having poor body image, and having depression increase intimate partner violence. Special preventive measures and treatment, and other legal services should be taken to alleviate the predictor variables and intimate partner violence.
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Tiwari, Prativa, and Gauri Shrestha. "Factors Associated with Intimate Partner Violence: Logistic Regression Approach." Nepalese Journal of Statistics 2 (September 26, 2018): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njs.v2i0.21154.
Анотація:
Background: Intimate Partner Violence is a major health and human rights problem. Globally, intimate partner violence includes physical act of violence together with sexual coercion, physical threats, psychological abuse and controlling actions by the intimate partner.Objective: This study aims to identify the factors influencing intimate partner violence of married women in Pokhara, Lekhnath Metropolitan City ward number 27, Kaski, Nepal.Materials and Methods: This study is entirely based on the primary data. The sample contains 303 married women of 15-49 years selected by systematic sampling. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and face to face interview. The questionnaire used is modified version of the questionnaire designed and recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) and Program for Appropriate Technology in Health ‘PATH’ (2005). Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods. To determine the significant factors, Logistic regression model was used for establishing linkage between intimate partner violence and several explanatory variables.Results: Fitted model showed the variables, affair with other women and alcohol consumption habit were highly significant predictors for the intimate partner violence. Occupation of husband was significant predictor for physical violence and occupation of respondent was significant for sexual violence. Goodness of fit tests (Hosmer-Lemeshow chi-square statistic, Negelkerke R2) showed that all three models fit well to the proposed Logistic regression model.Conclusion: Although violence is a multidimensional concept, this study has attempted to capture three types of violence namely psychological, physical and sexual called IPV. The IPV was collapsed to create a dichotomous variable on the basis of whether the woman has IPV or not. A number of independent variables are taken into account based on scientific literature review.Nepalese Journal of Statistics, Vol. 2, 37-52
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Reibling, Ellen T., Brian Distelberg, Mindi Guptill, and Barbara Couden Hernandez. "Intimate Partner Violence Experienced by Physicians." Journal of Primary Care & Community Health 11 (January 2020): 215013272096507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2150132720965077.
Анотація:
Purpose: World Health Organization (WHO) defines intimate partner violence (IPV) as physical, sexual or psychological harm caused by an intimate partner or ex-partner. There are few studies describing interpersonal violence (IPV) among physicians. Our study describes IPV experienced by U.S. physicians. Methods: This was a multicenter survey administered to 4 physician groups in 2015 to 2016. In total 400 respondents returned survey results. Measures included current IPV, childhood abuse, mental health, professional role, and demographics. Results: IPV was reported by 24% of respondents. The most frequent abuses reported were: verbal (15%), physical (8%) followed by sexual abuse (4%) and stalking (4%). Logistic regression model found that IPV was more likely to be reported by older participants (aged 66–89), those who experienced childhood abuse, working less than full time, and had been diagnosed with a personality disorder. Women and Asian Americans reported slightly higher IPV rates. Conclusions: Our study has implications for both medical education and intervention development. Universal screening and education that addresses clinical implications when treating peers who experience IPV are needed. Workplace interventions that consider unique physician characteristics and experiences are needed, as well as programs that support sustained recovery. This is the first survey to our knowledge that confirms that physicians experience IPV at a rate consistent or higher than the national level. We developed a standardized instrument to assess IPV in male and female physicians at various career stages. We also identified significant predictors that should be included in IPV screening of potential physician victims.
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Adhena, Girmay, Lemessa Oljira, Yadeta Dessie, and Hagos Degefa Hidru. "Magnitude of Intimate Partner Violence and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women in Ethiopia." Advances in Public Health 2020 (March 31, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1682847.
Анотація:
Background. Intimate partner violence during pregnancy is the most common and major public health problem and human rights issue worldwide and has a negative effect on the lives of both mother and fetus. Despite its prominence, this issue has received little attention in Ethiopia as well as many sub-Saharan African countries. This study assessed the magnitude of intimate partner violence and associated factors among pregnant women in Ofla District, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods. A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to 30, 2019, among 543 pregnant women who visited antenatal care in the health facilities. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants. Pretested, interviewer-administered data collection was done using a standardized World Health Organization multicountry questionnaire for women’s health and domestic violence against women. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with violence. p value was set at p<0.05. Results. The overall prevalence of intimate partner violence during the current pregnancy was 37.5%: psychological (25.1%), sexual (17.7%), and physical violence (13.4%). Violence was associated with unplanned pregnancy ((AOR = 4.56, 95% CI: (2, 10.28)), unmarried women ((AOR = 2.59, 95% CI: (1.18, 5.73)), having alcoholic partner ((AOR = 3.3, 95% CI: (2.1, 5.16)), spouse’s multiple sexual partners status ((AOR = 5.1, 95% CI: (2.2, 12)), acceptance of violence by women ((AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: (1.1, 3.16)), low decision-making power of women ((AOR = 2.64, 95% CI: (1.6, 4.3)), and no interest in current pregnancy by partner ((AOR = 5.9, 95% CI: (2.36, 14.9)). Conclusions. More than one-third of pregnant women experienced intimate partner violence during a recent pregnancy. This is high and may lead to health consequences for both mothers and fetuses. Addressing gender inequitable norms, the culture of silence (support) to intimate partner violence in the community and women’s reproductive health information through intervention measures are very important to minimize the problem.
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Aguerrebere, Mercedes, Sonia M. Frías, Mary C. Smith Fawzi, Rocío López, and Giuseppe Raviola. "Intimate partner violence types and symptoms of common mental disorders in a rural community of Chiapas, Mexico: Implications for global mental-health practice." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 2, 2021): e0256850. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256850.
Анотація:
This paper examines the scope and characteristics of male-to-female intimate partner violence in southern rural Chiapas, Mexico, and its association with depression and anxiety symptoms, highlighting the role of partner controlling behaviors. Participants were selected by random sampling. One-hundred and forty-one women >15 years participated in the study. Data was obtained through an adapted version of the National Survey of the Dynamics of Household Relationships (ENDIREH) intimate partner violence scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression symptoms and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 for anxiety symptoms. Quantitative results indicated a 66.4% lifetime prevalence of physical and/or sexual IPV among ever-partnered women 15 years or older (95% CI: 57.5–74.5%). Forty percent (95% CI: 32.0–49.7%) of them reported having experienced physical and/or sexual violence with high partner control (HC-IPV), and 25.8% (95% CI: 18.5–34.3%) reported having experienced physical and/or sexual violence with low or moderate partner control (MC-IPV). Lifetime experience of HC-IPV was significantly associated with moderate-severe depression symptoms (RR = 5.8) and suicidality (RR = 2.08). While partner alcohol abuse was associated with a 3.06 times higher risk of lifetime physical and/or sexual IPV, 30.9% of women mentioned that their partners were never drunk when violence occurred. Interestingly, high partner alcohol abuse was more frequent among women who reported HC-IPV compared to MC-IPV. Implications for global mental health practice are discussed.
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Wagle, Shreejana, Ganesh Pandey, and Bimala Sharma. "Intimate Partner Violence and its Associated Factors among Women of Reproductive Age in Nepal: Findings from a National Cross-Sectional Survey." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences 11, no. 1 (August 18, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.37107/jhas.216.
Анотація:
Introduction: In Nepal, Intimate partner violence (IPV) is quite common among women. Several factors can play a role for the incidence of intimate partner violence. The aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of lifetime IPV and last 12 months and associated factors among Nepalese women of reproductive age.
Methods: The Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 data was used for secondary data analysis. In the study, a total of 3,826 women of reproductive age were included. Intimate partner violence was measured as reporting of physical and/ or sexual and/or emotional violence ever experienced in her lifetime as well as in the last 12 months. Descriptive statistics, chi-square test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression were computed.
Results: Overall, 25.7% women have experienced lifetime intimate partner violence, with 22.1% physical, 7.8% sexual and 12.7% emotional violence. Findings from multivariate logistic regression showed that women belonging to lower caste (Adjusted Odds Ratio(AOR):1.41, 95% Cofidence Interval(CI)=1.07-1.85), with no education (AOR:1.95, 95%CI=1.36- 2.79), with 3-5 number of children (AOR:1.57,95%CI=1.04-2.35), whose husband had no education (AOR:1.84,95% CI=1.27-2.66), whose husbands drank alcohol (AOR:2.54,95%CI=2.14-3.02) and the women who witness fathers beating their mothers (AOR:2.25,95%CI=1.81-2.78) were more likely suffering from intimate partner violence.
Conclusion: Intimate partner violence has been linked to socio-demographic factors, substance abuse, and previous experience of witnessing fathers beating their mothers. In Nepal, equal access to education for both men and women, prohibition of caste-based discrimination and prevention of substance abuse may be effective strategies for reducing intimate partner violence.
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Hussain, Muhammad, Sana Batool, Sana Daud, Dr Suriya Hamid, Itrat Fatima Asghari, and Syed Raza Shah. "Intimate Partner Violence And Its Profound Effects On Maternal Well-Being And Mother-Child Interaction Within The Hazara Community." Migration Letters 21, S6 (February 17, 2024): 1262–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.59670/ml.v21is6.8234.
Анотація:
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a widespread social issue that has significant effects on women's health and wellbeing around the globe. This study examines the complex dynamics of intimate partner violence (IPV) in Pakistan and its effect on maternity and mother-child interaction. Utilizing a wide range of variables, including cultural influences, demographics, and the complex effects of intimate partner violence. Quantitative research study explores the intricate connections between intimate partner violence, maternity, and mother child interaction. The methodological approach involves data collection from various institutes of Quetta. A sample of 170 participants was selected through convenience sampling. Utilizing self-report questionnaire, demographic characteristics, the revised conflict Tactics Scale (RCTS), and the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire (PBQ) are employed for analysis. Statistical analysis reveals significant correlation between PBQ and negotiation, physical assault, injury, Sexual Coercion and RCTS, which indicate problems bonding in intimate relationships, are linked to an increase in bargaining, physical assault, sexual coercion, injury, and overall relationship conflict. This association shows a possible link between decreased partner bonding and increased levels of conflict within partnerships. The RCTS shows a significant positive correlation between physical assault, sexual coercion, and injury, suggesting that higher levels of these issues may lead to higher levels of relationship conflict.