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Статті в журналах з теми "Intestine, Small"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 3 березня 2023

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1

Gulzoda, M. K., B. I. Safarov, K. R. Ruziboyzoda, and K. K. Kobilov. "Morphofunctional changes in the small intestine in acute adhesive small bowel obstruction." Health care of Tajikistan, no. 4 (February 15, 2023): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52888/0514-2515-2022-355-4-11-16.

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Aim: To study the features of morpho-functional changes in the small intestine mucosa in acute adhesive small bowel obstruction.Material and methods. The results of a comprehensive study of morphological and functional changes in the small intestine’s mucous membrane in 20 patients out of 50 with acute adhesive small intestinal obstruction were analyzed. Patients underwent resection of the small intestine with a biopsy from the mucous membrane, followed by a pathomorphological and biochemical examination of biopsy specimens.Results. The study results show that more pronounced pathomorphological changes in the mucous membrane of the small intestine were observed in patients with acute adhesive small intestinal obstruction with widespread (multiple) adhesions compared with limited (single) adhesions. In the study of biochemical parameters in the small intestine mucosa in patients with acute adhesive small intestinal obstruction with the presence of multiple (widespread) adhesions, there was a significant and critical increase in lipid peroxidation and proinflammatory cytokines, a decrease in antioxidant protection compared to the patient group with the presence of single (limited) adhesions. There was also a decrease in the concentration of serotonin in the mucosa of the small intestine. In the presence of single (limited) adhesions in these patients, it decreases to 0,50±0,3 units, and in patients with multiple (common) adhesions - to 0,20±0,2 arb. units.Conclusion. The severity of morpho-functional changes in the mucosa of the small intestine directly correlates with the severity of the development of the adhesive process and acute adhesive small bowel obstruction.

2

Dembowska, Aleksandra, Maciej Dubaj, and Karol Bigosiński. "Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth - small intestine, big struggle." Journal of Education, Health and Sport 12, no. 9 (August 30, 2022): 210–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/jehs.2022.12.09.026.

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The gut microbiota plays an important role in the proper functioning of the human body. The microbes present in the intestines are important for the correct functioning of the digestive tract as well as other, often distant, organs of the human body. Unfavorable conditions may lead to an imbalance of intestinal microorganisms, leading to unfavorable consequences. Under physiological conditions, the large intestine is inhabited by a significant amount of bacteria, while the small intestine contains only a small amount of them. The appearance of pathological conditions in the gastrointestinal tract may lead to the colonization of the small intestine by an excessive amount of bacteria, which, in combination with gastrointestinal symptoms, is called small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. The most common symptoms associated with this disease are abdominal pain, diarrhea, and gas. It is difficult to diagnose this disease due to the lack of specific symptoms and imperfect diagnostic methods. The highest quality test is the microbiological test, however, due to the invasiveness of the method and the difficulties with precise collection of the material, less invasive tests are used, primarily the hydrogen breath test. The mainstay of treatment of bacterial overgrowth is antibiotic therapy, which aims to reduce the amount of bacteria to the extent that the patient does not feel the disease. It is also important to eat a diet rich in fiber and low in fermenting oligo-, di- and monosaccharides and polyols. Patients with the small intestinal bacterial overgrowth rarely develop symptoms of a severe course of the disease, however, due to the unpleasant symptoms and relatively easy treatment methods, the disease should be included in the differential diagnosis in people with risk factors and present symptoms.

3

Burman, Andreanna, and Izumi Kaji. "Luminal Chemosensory Cells in the Small Intestine." Nutrients 13, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 3712. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13113712.

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In addition to the small intestine’s well-known function of nutrient absorption, the small intestine also plays a major role in nutrient sensing. Similar to taste sensors seen on the tongue, GPCR-coupled nutrient sensors are expressed throughout the intestinal epithelium and respond to nutrients found in the lumen. These taste receptors respond to specific ligands, such as digested carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. The activation of nutrient sensors in the intestine allows for the induction of signaling pathways needed for the digestive system to process an influx of nutrients. Such processes include those related to glucose homeostasis and satiety. Defects in intestinal nutrient sensing have been linked to a variety of metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes and obesity. Here, we review recent updates in the mechanisms related to intestinal nutrient sensors, particularly in enteroendocrine cells, and their pathological roles in disease. Additionally, we highlight the emerging nutrient sensing role of tuft cells and recent work using enteroids as a sensory organ model.

4

Kunisawa, Jun, Yosuke Kurashima, Morio Higuchi, Masashi Gohda, Izumi Ishikawa, Ikuko Ogahara, Namju Kim, Miki Shimizu, and Hiroshi Kiyono. "Small and large intestinal intraepithelial T lymphocytes show distinct dependency on sphingosine 1-phosphate (42.11)." Journal of Immunology 178, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2007): S35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.42.11.

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Abstract It is known that the composition of intraepithelial T lymphocyte (IEL) differs between small and large intestines, but the mechanism underlying that difference remains obscure. Here, we show that sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) plays a key role in regulating intestinal IEL trafficking into the small and large intestines. High levels of type 1 S1P receptor (S1P1) expression was noted on naïve IELs expressing CD4 or CD8αβ, which leads to their preferential migration into the large intestine. In contrast, recent thymic emigrants (RTEs), double-positive thymocytes, and double-negative thymic T cell-committed precursors use S1P-independent trafficking pathway into the intestine. The former two populations exclusively migrate into the small intestine, while the latter double-negative thymic T cell-committed precursors migrate into both the small and large intestines. Hence, down-regulation of S1P1 expression inhibited naïve IEL migration into the intestines but did not affect the migration of thymic IEL precursors. These data are the first to demonstrate that a lipid-mediated system determines whether IELs migrate to the small or large intestine.

5

Costa, Marcello, Timothy James Hibberd, Lauren J. Keightley, Lukasz Wiklendt, John W. Arkwright, Philip G. Dinning, Simon J. H. Brookes, and Nick J. Spencer. "Neural motor complexes propagate continuously along the full length of mouse small intestine and colon." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 318, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): G99—G108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00185.2019.

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Cyclical propagating waves of muscle contraction have been recorded in isolated small intestine or colon, referred to here as motor complexes (MCs). Small intestinal and colonic MCs are neurogenic, occur at similar frequencies, and propagate orally or aborally. Whether they can be coordinated between the different gut regions is unclear. Motor behavior of whole length mouse intestines, from duodenum to terminal rectum, was recorded by intraluminal multisensor catheter. Small intestinal MCs were recorded in 27/30 preparations, and colonic MCs were recorded in all preparations ( n = 30) with similar frequencies (0.54 ± 0.03 and 0.58 ± 0.02 counts/min, respectively). MCs propagated across the ileo-colonic junction in 10/30 preparations, forming “full intestine” MCs. The cholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine increased the probability of a full intestine MC but had no significant effect on frequency, speed, or direction. Nitric oxide synthesis blockade by Nω-nitro-l-arginine, after physostigmine, increased MC frequency in small intestine only. Hyoscine-resistant MCs were recorded in the colon but not small intestine ( n = 5). All MCs were abolished by hexamethonium ( n = 18) or tetrodotoxin ( n = 2). The enteric neural mechanism required for motor complexes is present along the full length of both the small and large intestine. In some cases, colonic MCs can be initiated in the distal colon and propagate through the ileo-colonic junction, all the way to duodenum. In conclusion, the ileo-colonic junction provides functional neural continuity for propagating motor activity that originates in the small or large intestine. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Intraluminal manometric recordings revealed motor complexes can propagate antegradely or retrogradely across the ileo-colonic junction, spanning the entire small and large intestines. The fundamental enteric neural mechanism(s) underlying cyclic motor complexes exists throughout the length of the small and large intestine.

6

Borkovcova, Marie, Vladimir Fiser, Martina Bednarova, Zdenek Havlicek, Anna Adámková, Jiri Mlcek, Tunde Jurikova, Stefan Balla, and Martin Adámek. "Effect of Accumulation of Heavy Metals in the Red Fox Intestine on the Prevalence of Its Intestinal Parasites." Animals 10, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10020343.

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The aim of this study was (i) to compare levels of accumulated heavy metals in the fox intestines with and without parasites. Moreover, our research also dealt with (ii) examination of the relationship between heavy metal content in fox intestines and between the presence of fox intestinal parasites. The intestines of 34 hunter-killed foxes were dissected to detect the occurrence of parasites. In 15 intestinal samples, parasitic intestinal helminths were found. Heavy metal content in small intestine tissue and in parasites was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The prevalence of parasites was significantly dependent on Cd content in the host’s small intestine (p < 0.01). To conclude, the authors suggest that parasites are sensitive to Cd levels; their prevalence in the intestines of the fox host decreases to zero with increasing Cd content.

7

&NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 3, no. 2 (March 1987): 339–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198703000-00024.

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8

&NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 4, no. 2 (March 1988): 329–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198803000-00026.

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9

Russell, R. I. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 5, no. 2 (April 1989): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198904000-00001.

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10

&NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 5, no. 2 (April 1989): 321–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198904000-00024.

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11

Alpers, D. H., W. F. Stenson, and R. C. Spiller. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 6, no. 2 (April 1990): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199004000-00009.

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12

&NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 6, no. 2 (April 1990): 321–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199004000-00023.

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13

Alpers, David H., William F. Stenson, and Robin Spiller. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 7, no. 2 (April 1991): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199104000-00001.

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14

&NA;, &NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 7, no. 2 (April 1991): 319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199104000-00021.

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15

Alpers, David H., William F. Stenson, and Robin C. Spiller. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 8, no. 2 (April 1992): 203–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199204000-00001.

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16

Alpers, David H., William F. Stenson, and Robin C. Spiller. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 9, no. 2 (March 1993): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199303000-00001.

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17

&NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 9, no. 2 (March 1993): 305–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199303000-00020.

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18

&NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 10, no. 2 (March 1994): B87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199403000-00019.

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19

&NA;, &NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 12, no. 2 (March 1996): B21—B34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199603000-00018.

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20

&NA;, &NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 13, no. 2 (March 1997): B31—B40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199703000-00016.

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21

&NA;, &NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 14, no. 2 (March 1998): B39—B61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-199803000-00016.

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22

Stenson, William F. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 16, no. 2 (March 2000): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-200003000-00001.

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23

Stenson, William F. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 18, no. 2 (March 2002): 159–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-200203000-00001.

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24

&NA;. "Small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1, no. 2 (March 1985): 337–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198503000-00027.

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25

Sharma, Latika, Harshit Srivastava, Dharmendra Kumar Pipal, Saurabh Kothari, Rohit Dhawan, and Poojan M. Purohit. "Acute intestinal obstruction: small intestine vs. large intestine: an analysis." International Surgery Journal 5, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175888.

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Background: Bowel obstruction is one of the most common causes of acute abdomen and also a common surgical emergency.The causes of IO vary significantly depending on geographical location. The aim of this study was to identify the etiology, clinical presentation, management and outcomes of patients with acute mechanical IO presenting in Jodhpur, Rajasthan.Methods: A prospective study was conducted at Mahatma Gandhi Hospital and Mathura Das Mathur Hospital (associated with Dr. SN Medical College), Jodhpur, Rajasthan. 100 patients with acute intestinal obstruction were admitted and evaluated. Blood routine, X-Ray abdomen, USG abdomen and CECT (if required) were done. A pre-operative diagnosis was made. Intra-operative findings and Post-operative complications were noted and follow up was done till the patient was discharged from the hospital.Results: A total of 69 male and 31 female patients, presented with acute mechanical IO during the period of the study. Mean patient age was 48.5 years with peak incidence in those aged 31-45 years. The foremost signs and symptoms were abdominal distension (88%), obstipation (87%), abdominal pain (81%) and nausea/ vomiting (47%). Adhesions and bands (29%), hernia (13%), neoplasm (9%) and pseudo-obstruction (8%) were the leading causes of intestinal obstruction. The sensitivity of X-ray and USG in present study was 67% and 75% respectively. Most common complication associated was wound infection (17%) followed by paralytic ileus (7%) and respiratory tract infections (6%). Late presentation was associated with poor prognosis. 4 patients expired before surgery. Post-operative mortality was associated with 6 patients and was more common in cases which presented with gangrenous bowel.Conclusions: The most common causes of IO in this study were adhesions and bands, hernia, neoplasm and pseudo-obstruction. Presence of bowel gangrene was associated with higher morbidity and mortality.

26

Fukushima, Naoko, Hiroaki Aoki, Nei Fukazawa, Masaichi Ogawa, Kazuhiko Yoshida, and Katsuhiko Yanaga. "Schwannoma of the Small Intestine." Case Reports in Gastroenterology 13, no. 2 (June 28, 2019): 294–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000501065.

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Schwannomas of the gastrointestinal tract are rare. Herein, we report a case of schwannoma originating from the small intestine. A 78-year-old woman underwent medical follow-up after surgery for bladder cancer, and a mass in the upper part of the pelvis was revealed by abdominal CT. With the diagnosis of a submucosal tumor of the small intestine, she underwent partial intestinal resection. The submucosal tumor was pathologically composed of S100-positive spindle cells and diagnosed as schwannoma. We report this case of rare schwannoma of the small intestine and review the literature.

27

., Komala, Jayalaxmi Y.K., and Chandrashekar . M. "Clinicopathological Study of Primary Small Intestine Lymphoma." Indian Journal of Pathology: Research and Practice 5, no. 2 (2016): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijprp.2278.148x.5216.10.

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28

Eiji, Kobayashi. "A new stage of experimental surgery for organoid based intestinal regeneration – A review of organoid research and recent advance." Magyar Sebészet 75, no. 4 (December 14, 2022): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/1046.2022.40002.

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AbstractSmall intestinal transplantation has emerged as an essential treatment for intestinal failure, but its relatively high graft rejection rate and mortality rate when compared to those of other transplanted organs has led to difficulties in post-transplantation treatment management. The recently-developed technique of creating organoids from somatic stem cells has created a challenging opportunity to develop a treatment that involves the creation of a substitute small intestine using autologous cells instead of transplanting another individual's small intestines. The remaining partial large intestine is then used as a segmental graft, and autologous small intestinal organoid transplantation is conducted on its epithelium in order to create a pedunculated hybrid graft. This is a new surgical technique for interposing with the original ileocecal region. The hybrid large intestine acquires both the lymphatic vessels that are involved in nutrient absorption and the original peristaltic function of the large intestine.This lecture touches upon the history of the development of organoid medicine, after which an introduction is provided of the revolutionary surgical technique in which a functional small intestine is created by regenerating autologous cells.The content here was introduced in a special lecture (online) at the 29th Congress of the Experimental Surgical Session of the Hungarian Surgical Society (Host: Dr. Norbert Nemeth, 9/9/2022, Budapest).

29

Ngo, Leock Y., Shivakumar D. Patil, and Jashvant D. Unadkat. "Ontogenic and longitudinal activity of Na+-nucleoside transporters in the human intestine." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 280, no. 3 (March 1, 2001): G475—G481. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.2001.280.3.g475.

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The objectives of our study were to identify the types of nucleoside transporters present in the human fetal small intestine and to characterize their developmental activity, longitudinal distribution, and transport kinetics compared with those present in the adult intestine. Nucleoside uptake by intestinal brush-border membrane vesicles was measured by an inhibitor-stop rapid filtration technique. Only the purine-specific (N1; hCNT2) and the pyrimidine-specific (N2; hCNT1) Na+-dependent nucleoside transporters were found to be present on the brush-border membranes of the enterocytes along the entire length of the fetal and adult small intestines. The activity of these transporters was higher in the proximal than in the distal small intestine. Both the N1 and N2 transporters found in the fetal intestine shared similar kinetic properties (Michaelis-Menten constant and Na+-nucleoside stoichiometry) to those in the adult intestine. During the period of rapid morphogenesis (11–15 wk gestation), no temporal differences were apparent in the activity of the N1 and N2 transporters in the fetal small intestine. These findings have implications for the absorption of drugs from the amniotic fluid by the fetus after maternal drug administration of nucleoside drugs such as the antivirals zidovudine and didanosine.

30

Harmon, D. L., R. M. Yamka, and N. A. Elam. "Factors affecting intestinal starch digestion in ruminants: A review." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 84, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 309–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a03-077.

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The process of starch assimilation in the ruminant is complex and remains an avenue by which increases in production efficiency can be gained. Ruminal starch digestion is typically 0.75–0.80 of starch intake. Starch that escapes fermentation and flows to the small intestine may be more resistant to enzymatic digestion and on average 0.35–0.60 of starch entering the small intestine is degraded there. Of the fraction that escapes small intestinal digestion an additional 0.35–0.50 is degraded in the large intestine. This suggests that limitations to small intestinal starch digestion do exist. This review summarizes available information describing the digestive and absorptive processes occurring in the small intestine with an emphasis on nutritional factors that influence these processes. A review of experiments measuring small intestinal starch digestion indicates that small intestinal digestion is either highly variable or poorly determined whereas ruminal and large intestinal digestion are much more clearly described. These data indicate that improvements in methodologies are needed before we can accurately describe processes occurring in the small intestine and formulate diets to optimize site of starch digestion. Key words: Ruminant, starch, glucose, small intestine, digestion

31

Erdem, Karadeniz, and Atamanalp Selçuk Sabri. "Malrotation Induced Small Intestine Ischemia in an Adolescent." Case Reports in Surgery 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/4809406.

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Intestinal malrotation occurs if midgut does not complete or partially completes its 270° counter-clockwise rotation around the superior mesenteric artery during embryologic life. In general, it frequently manifests with vomiting due to duodenal obstruction and volvulus in the initial months of life, and it is very rare to manifest in the adulthood. A 20-year-old male patient who had severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and distention for one day was evaluated at the emergency department. On abdominal tomography “swirling appearance of structures around the superior mesenteric artery” was reported. CT appearance was considered compatible with a rotational anomaly. Emergency surgery was planned for the patient. In laparotomy, it was observed that an approximately 100 cm long small intestine segment was rotated around a band (Ladd) and ischemia was developed in this segment due to rotation of its mesentery. The rotation of the small intestinal mesentery was corrected by opening the bands. After the warm application to the intestinal mesenteric ischemia for a while, the color and the peristalsis of the intestines became normal. The patient was discharged on postoperative day 2 with suggestions.

32

Schulte, Marc, and Michael Hensel. "Models of intestinal infection by Salmonella enterica: introduction of a new neonate mouse model." F1000Research 5 (June 24, 2016): 1498. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.8468.1.

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Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium is a foodborne pathogen causing inflammatory disease in the intestine following diarrhea and is responsible for thousands of deaths worldwide. Manyin vitroinvestigations using cell culture models are available, but these do not represent the real natural environment present in the intestine of infected hosts. Severalin vivoanimal models have been used to study the host-pathogen interaction and to unravel the immune responses and cellular processes occurring during infection. An animal model forSalmonella-induced intestinal inflammation relies on the pretreatment of mice with streptomycin. This model is of great importance but still shows limitations to investigate the host-pathogen interaction in the small intestinein vivo. Here, we review the use of mouse models forSalmonellainfections and focus on a new small animal model using 1-day-old neonate mice. The neonate model enables researchers to observe infection of both the small and large intestine, thereby offering perspectives for new experimental approaches, as well as to analyze theSalmonella-enterocyte interaction in the small intestinein vivo.

33

SHINTOKU, Y., T. KADOSAKA, E. KIMURA, H. TAKAGI, S. KONDO, and M. ITOH. "Intestinal mast cells and eosinophils in relation to Strongyloides ratti adult expulsion from the small and large intestines of rats." Parasitology 140, no. 5 (January 25, 2013): 626–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182012001837.

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SUMMARYMucosal mast cells (MMC) play a crucial role in the expulsion of Strongyloides ratti adults from the small intestine of mice. We reported the large intestinal parasitism of S. ratti in rats, and there has been no report on MMC in the large intestine of the natural host. We studied kinetics of MMC, together with eosinophils, in the upper and lower small intestines, caecum and colon of infected rats. Two distinct phases of mastocytosis were revealed: one in the upper small intestine triggered by stimulation of ‘ordinary’ adults, and the other in the colon stimulated by ‘immune-resistant’ adults that started parasitizing the colon around 19 days post-infection. In all 4 intestinal sites, the MMC peaks were observed 5–7 days after the number of adult worms became the maximum and the height of MMC peaks appeared to be dependent on the number of parasitic adults, suggesting an important role played by worms themselves in the MMC buildup.

34

Carlson, HC. "Small intestine enema." American Journal of Roentgenology 150, no. 3 (March 1988): 510–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.150.3.510.

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35

Shaw, PC, and RT Tham. "Small intestine enema." American Journal of Roentgenology 151, no. 3 (September 1988): 616. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.151.3.616-a.

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36

Mills, P. R. "Small intestine ulceration." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2, no. 2 (March 1986): 228–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198603000-00010.

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&NA;. "The small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2, no. 2 (March 1986): 293–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198603000-00024.

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38

Russell, R. I. "The small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 3, no. 2 (March 1987): 217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198703000-00001.

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39

Russell, R. I. "Small intestine Overview." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 4, no. 2 (March 1988): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198803000-00001.

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40

Malcolm, Allison, and John E. Kellow. "Small intestine motility." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 16, no. 2 (March 2000): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-200003000-00008.

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41

Russell, R. I. "The small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1, no. 2 (March 1985): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198503000-00001.

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42

Mills, P. R. "Small intestine ulceration." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 1, no. 2 (March 1985): 254–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198503000-00012.

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43

Russell, R. I. "The small intestine." Current Opinion in Gastroenterology 2, no. 2 (March 1986): 179–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001574-198603000-00001.

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44

Ejaz, Shamim, Mehnaz Shafi, and John Stroehlein. "Small Intestine Diverticulitis." American Journal of Gastroenterology 109 (October 2014): S329. http://dx.doi.org/10.14309/00000434-201410002-01108.

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45

Tsimkhes, I. "On the function of the anastomosis between the small and large intestines." Kazan medical journal 25, no. 11 (October 29, 2021): 1235. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/kazmj80543.

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Tnnis (Dtsch. Z. f. Chir. Bd. 212. 1928) notes that in chronic obstipation the function of the anastomosis of the small intestine with the large intestine plays an important role. Often, due to antiperistaltic movements of the large intestine, the contents of the intestines can return or linger in the small intestine, making it difficult to empty the small intestine. The author recommends, based on the above considerations, to impose anastomosis end-to-side or end-to-end.

46

Pechenikova, Victoria A., Anastasia S. Danilova, Victoria E. Kvarku, and Nadezhda N. Ramzaeva. "Intestinal endometriosis: features of clinical and morphological diagnostics." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 23, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma63572.

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A clinical observation of the combined endometriotic lesion of the small intestine and the appendix is given below. Extragenital endometriosis is a rare pathology in which endometrioid heterotopies develop outside the reproductive system organs. At about 1825% of women suffering from the pelvic organs endometriosis, the intestines are involved in the pathological process. In this regard, it is believed that in most cases its lesion is secondary while the primary lesion of the intestine with endometriosis is rarely observed and occurs as a result of hematogenous introduction of endometrial elements into the intestinal wall. Of all parts of the intestine, endometriosis most often affects the rectum and sigmoid colon (7080%), then the jejunum, less often the cecum. The most rare gastrointestinal tract endometriosis localization is the appendix, the frequency of its lesion is 0.8%. It was carried out in a clinicopathologic analysis of 14 endometriosis cases in various parts of the intestine (4 cases of the small intestine lesions, 2 rectosigmoid part of the large intestine, 2 rectum, 2 sigmoid colon, 3 appendix, 1 combined lesion of the small intestine and the appendix). In most cases, the clinical diagnosis of extragenital endometriosis is difficult, and as a rule women come with complaints typical of acute surgical pathology: intestinal obstruction, appendicitis. An important role in differential diagnosis is given to the ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs and abdominal cavity, magnetic resonance imaging, endoscopic research methods, as well as the connection of clinical symptoms with the menstrual cycle.

47

Rodrigues-Sartori, Sirlene Souza, Katiane de Oliveira Pinto Coelho Nogueira, Alípio dos Santos Rocha, and Clóvis Andrade Neves. "Functional morphology of the gut of the tropical house gecko Hemidactylus mabouia (Squamata: Gekkonidae)." Animal Biology 64, no. 3 (2014): 217–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15707563-00002443.

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The purpose of this study was to characterize morphophysiological aspects of the gut of the gecko Hemidactylus mabouia, a predator species of tiny arthropods. Fourteen adult specimen of the gecko H. mabouia were euthanized and fragments of their small and large intestines were collected and processed according to routine methods for anatomical, topological, histological and histochemical analyses. Histological sections were stained with toluidine blue or submitted to techniques for identification of argyrophil and argentaffin endocrine cells, glycoconjugates and alkaline phosphatase activity. The small intestine of H. mabouia is much more extensive and convolute than the large intestine. There are subtle regional differences along the small intestine, as the tubule diameter and height of the inner folds noticeably decrease from the proximal toward the distal segment. There is no caecum between the small and large intestines and the abrupt change in the caliber marks the transition of the small intestine into the large intestine. The large intestine consists of a very dilated proximal segment followed by a short distal segment. The villi are absent, but the tall folds in the internal covering of the small intestine constitute important amplifier structures of the digestive and absorptive area. No mucosal or submucosal glands were observed along the intestine. The epithelial lining of the entire intestine is simple columnar with enterocytes, mucus-secreting cells and endocrine cells. The enterocytes are abundant in the small intestine and the mucus-secreting cells are abundant in the large intestine, which reflects the functional role of these organs. In sum, H. mabouia has small intestine that is longer than the large intestine, which is consistent with the species being a carnivorous reptile.

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Osawa, R., and PF Woodall. "A Comparative-Study of Macroscopic and Microscopic Dimensions of the Intestine in 5 Macropods (Marsupialia, Macropodidae) .2. Relationship With Feeding-Habits and Fiber Content of the Diet." Australian Journal of Zoology 40, no. 1 (1992): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920099.

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A comparative study of macroscopic and microscopic dimensions of the intestines in five macropod species indicated that the grazing macropods (the red kangaroo, Macropus rufus, and the eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus) had significantly longer caeca and large intestines than those of the browsing macropods (the swamp wallaby, Wallabia bicolor, and the red-necked pademelon, Thylogale thetis). This trend was not observed in the small intestine. The arid-adapted M. rufus also had a significantly longer large intestine than M. giganteus, which may be a water-conservation feature. Intestinal villi were tall in T. thetis, which consumed a less fibrous diet, whereas the agile wallaby, Macropus agilis, on a highly fibrous diet, had short villi; other macropods, on diets of medium fibre content, had villi of intermediate height. Thus, the size of the hindgut (i.e. caecum and large intestine) may provide an index of the specific feeding habit of a species (browsing or grazing), whilst parameters of the villi of the small intestine may reflect the quality of the animals' current diet.

49

Mun, Jeongwon, Whan Hur, and Nam-On Ku. "Roles of Keratins in Intestine." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 14 (July 21, 2022): 8051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23148051.

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Keratins make up a major portion of epithelial intermediate filament proteins. The widely diverse keratins are found in both the small and large intestines. The human intestine mainly expresses keratins 8, 18, 19, and 20. Many of the common roles of keratins are for the integrity and stability of the epithelial cells. The keratins also protect the cells and tissue from stress and are biomarkers for some diseases in the organs. Although an increasing number of studies have been performed regarding keratins, the roles of keratin in the intestine have not yet been fully understood. This review focuses on discussing the roles of keratins in the intestine. Diverse studies utilizing mouse models and samples from patients with intestinal diseases in the search for the association of keratin in intestinal diseases have been summarized.

50

Naoshima, Kiminari, Keiji Abe, Kazushige Murakami, Kai Takaya, and Tatsuya Nakano. "Small Bowel Obstruction Caused by Small Intestinal Metastasis Secondary to Esophageal Carcinoma." Case Reports in Surgery 2021 (November 18, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9728424.

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Despite the frequent rapid spread of esophageal cancers to other organs, metastases to the small intestine are uncommon. As such, this paper describes a case of a 60-year-old male who developed a small intestinal obstruction due to metastasis from esophageal carcinoma. This patient had received radical esophagectomy for esophageal carcinoma 14 months prior to the diagnosis. Furthermore, the important role of computed tomography scans played in composing the differential diagnosis will be explored. In order to relieve the obstruction, resection of the small intestine was performed, and the patient survived six months postoperatively.