Дисертації з теми "Intervention complexe de santé"
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Trompette, Justine. "Complexité des interventions en santé publique et en promotion de la santé : exploration de son appréhension par les chercheurs et par les acteurs de terrain." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0335/document.
Повний текст джерелаContext – Public health interventions and especially health promotion interventions are considered « complex ». Their evaluation represents a challenge for researchers, which aims to communicate a proven effectiveness intervention with strong contextual influence on the effectiveness of these interventions.This issue of complexity raises several conceptual as well as operational questions: how do researchers and actors understand these notions in order to develop, implement, « routine », or transfer an intervention? What are the evaluation methods and tools that would make it possible to better understand the complexity of these interventions? Objectives – The general objective of this doctoral research is to explore the apprehension and use of complexity by researchers and stakeholders in public health and more particularly in health promotion. More commonly, it aimed to: describe and analyze the dimensions of the complexity identified by researchers and stakeholders, particularly the components of interventions and their contexts; describe and analyze how researchers and stakeholders appropriate the concepts of complexity and take into account the complexity of interventions in the development, implementation, evaluation and transfer of interventions. Methods – To meet these objectives we proceeded in two stages. The first stage consisted of a mixed review of the literature and aimed particularly at identifying the apprehension of the complexity made by the researchers of the influence of thisone on their methodological choices. The second stage was realised from a case study: to propose a fine description of the complexity of the field both by the actors and the researcher trained to the complexity; to identify the way in which the actors took into account the complexity in their practice. Results – The crossed results of the review of the literature and the study of two major dimensions: the characteristics of the stakeholders and the context. If the notion of complexity is relevant in research, our work highlight that it’s still hard to justify and describe. Researcher responsiveness has been influenced by methodological adaptations in the development and / or evaluation of their interventions, including the implementation of the recommendations of the Medical Research Council. Consideration of the complexity by the actors meets in the adaptations which are imposed on a daily basis. Discussion – This doctoral study raises three points of discussion and perspectives: the definition of the complexity and its evolutions which intervene with regard to highlighting the importance of dynamic interventions; the reporting of interventions as a lever for improving the development and evaluation of interventions; the added value of shared spaces between actors and researchers in the production of evidence
Decroix, Charlotte. "Du développement d’une intervention complexe en santé des populations à sa mise à l’échelle : aspects conceptuels et méthodologiques des études de viabilité, applications dans le champ de la petite enfance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0007.
Повний текст джерелаPublic health challenges facing our healthcare and education systems call for transformations that include the development of population health interventions (actions, programs, organizations, policies). These interventions are generally considered to be complex. Complexity is a major issue for the evaluation of interventions. While experimental designs are the gold standard for clinical research, their control of contextual factors to reinforce the internal validity of studies obviates the external validity of such research. It's essential to go beyond these efficacy-focused designs, in order to understand the mechanisms and processes of the intervention. This approach should make it possible to examine the implementation and conditions of routinization, transferability and scaling-up of the intervention, in the real world. To this end, Chen proposed a paradigm shift by developing the integrative validity model. This bottom-up approach recognizes 3 types of validity: internal validity, external validity and viable validity. Viable validity concerns the integration of interventions into the system in which they are to be deployed, outside a research context. Viable validity corresponds to stakeholders' perception of whether an intervention is useful, suitable, practical, affordable and evaluable, in the real world (Chen, 2010). This PhD explored the relevance of the bottom-up approach to population health interventions and the concept of viability: What is the place of viability in the development and evaluation of complex population health interventions? In what way is the study of viability a prerequisite for considering the sustainability, transfer and scaling-up of interventions? What criteria (and dimensions) should be considered when analyzing viability? The aim was to analyze the viability of innovative interventions based on stakeholders' experience of the intervention. A multiple-case study strategy, mobilizing qualitative methods and following several interlocking levels of analysis, was chosen. The three cases were selected on the basis of similarities (e.g.: intervention in the field of early childhood) and contrasts. The results converged with Chen's postulates on the relevance of adopting a bottom-up approach to research and focusing on viable validity. They suggested describing viability as the potential of an innovative intervention: (i) to integrate with existing projects, programs, organizations and policies to form a coherent whole in terms of objective, stakeholder missions, intervention levers and inputs; and (ii) to make sense to the intervention's stakeholders in the real world. This "making sense" depended on the fit between the stakeholders' perception of the innovative intervention and the system in which they are evolving. The results made it possible to test the viability criteria as updated by Chen in 2023 and to decline them into dimensions. They highlighted the interdependence of stakeholders' perceptions of these criteria, whether related to the substance or feasibility of the intervention. Moreover, viability is situated: the aim was to focus on the conditions of viability rather than to propose a binary vision of viability. Various determinants of viability were identified: the components of organizational change, the interlocking levels of the socio-ecological approach. Finally, this research questioned the definition of a evidence-based intervention through the prism of viability. Further research is underway to examine the concept from an interdisciplinary perspective
Cambon, Linda. "Étude de la transférabilité des interventions de promotion de la santé dans une perspective de promotion des démarches "evidence based health promotion" : développement d'un outil d'analyse de la transférabilité des interventions." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LORR0276/document.
Повний текст джерелаContext: Health promotion interventions influence all health determinants and contribute to reduce social inequities in health. So, interventions in this field are considered complex, both to implement, to evaluate and consequently to transfer in another setting. That is why, it is difficult to develop, in France, evidence-based health promotion and, consequently, to transfer health promotion intervention experimented in another setting. Transferability, that is the extent to which the result of one intervention in a given setting can be achieved in another setting, becomes an important subject to study. Objective: The objectives were: (1) to define the concept of transferability in health promotion; (2) to develop a tool to analyze transferability and to support the adaptation of health promotion interventions to new setting. Methods: We implemented a project named, EVATRAPS (EVAluation of TRAnsferabilty of health Promotion interventionS). The project developed in two steps. The first step was an review of international literature intended to define factors that influence transferability and tools and criteria available to assess transferability. The second step used a concept mapping method that allowed to a group of experts, to generate a list of ideas associated with a concept, to group them statistically into categories and to score them for their relevance. From the final list of criteria thus structured, a tool to analyze transferability was created. This tool was subsequently tested by stakeholders and experts. Results: After testing, a tool, named ASTAIRE (for ASsessment of Transferability and Adaptation of health promotion InteRvEntions), contained 23 criteria structured into four categories. It consists of two grids?one for reporting data from primary interventions and one for analyzing transferability of intervention and supporting their adaptation to the new setting. Discussion: This project contributed to develop perspectives to facilitate the transfer of health promotion interventions, leverage evidence-based practices and more globally develop a knowledge transfer system in France. Finally, we have suggested reflexions about research methodologies in health promotion in order that they take into account of complexity of health promotion intervention, notably in evidence based practices perspective
Colombani, Françoise. "Modélisation de la coordination des soins infirmière en cancérologie : de l’analyse conceptuelle au transfert vers les décideurs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0113.
Повний текст джерелаFaced with demographic changes, the rise of chronic diseases including cancer, and in response to the fragmentation of current healthcare systems, care coordination has become a priority in global public health. Cancer patients are particularly at risk of receiving poorly organized care due to the complex nature of the disease and its management, which involves multiple medical, nursing, socio-medical, and social teams operating at different levels of the healthcare system over an extended period. This lack of coordination affects the quality and efficiency of care. Progress in care coordination has been hindered by the lack of a common definition and precision on how it should be implemented. In France, new nursing coordination functions in oncology have been introduced without prior conceptualisation, leading to a wide variety of actions and job titles. This heterogeneity hampers the recognition, understanding of their actions, and the evaluation of their performance. In the absence of a detailed analysis of the scope of action of these professionals and a theoretical framework for care coordination, this thesis project aims, in three parts, to model nursing care coordination intervention in oncology and to identify ways to implement these results into the national health policy of care coordination in France. The first part (conceptual) allowed the development of an innovative reference framework focused on coordination activities through a scoping review and a structured consensus method (nominal group technique) involving decision-makers, organizers, and patient partners. The second part, focusing on practices, produced an operational model of hospital-based cancer coordination nurses’ intervention, by comparing theoretical expectations (framework from part 1) with the practices and perceptions that these nurses, their patients, caregivers, and professional partners had of this coordination intervention. The field survey consisted of a national multicenter mixed-method study through a triangulation of qualitative (observations, interviews, focus groups) and quantitative (validated scales) information on practices, contexts, perceptions, and attitudes towards work among oncology care coordination nurses in France. The third part was dedicated to transferring results to decision-makers through the organisation of a national workshop involving all stakeholders in the field (regulators, hospital administrators, professional associations, researchers, nurses, patient partners). Its objective was to present the modelling results, share experiences from other research teams on the subject, and translate the operational model into concrete actions through consensus-building of a job description, and defining the minimum elements of managerial support and prerequisites for these nurses' functions. This thesis project has generated new knowledge on care coordination, both in general and more specifically in oncology, at a conceptual level (reference framework), interventional level (operational model), and translational level (job description). The work presented in this thesis thus paves the way for optimal deployment of these functions for public health decision-making (implementation of the job description, standardisation of training), and research evaluation of the effects and impact of these interventions
Gabard, Anne. "Notre santé au risque de notre histoire." Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT2024/document.
Повний текст джерелаWhat led me to work on this thesis was a growing amazement over my 40 years of practice as a gynecologist. What a strange discrepancy between the undeniable and spectacular achievements of modern medicine in our western world, and, at the same time, the great number of pathologies that are unaccounted for by the same medicine ! The latter failing to give any answer to the legitime and fundamental questions that every one will ask when a disease is diagnosed, among which : « why me ? » Through trying to have a transversal approach of knowledge, we were able to legitimate the consideration of the complex patient, for whom body and spirit are held together in an incompressible unity. This path of reflection, taking into account the complex patient in his entire reality led us to a hermeneutic approach that gives meaning, a meaning out of the field of science. Such a reflection enables us to understand that disease expresses in a unified language the physical and mental processes. Our diseases have a meaning in the heart of our lives. They are a signal that warns of a loss of harmony with our own selves, with our environment, and of the need to find a new balance when it is still possible. Our health is not predetermined ; our knowledge, our comprehension, our ability to act, allow us some freedom to be actors. Even though we are bound by constraints within our lineage, our environment, and subject to the unavoidable limits of longevity. We are part of a much larger whole, and, thanks to our total involvement in it, and to our capacity to act, we are able to have a local action for ourselves, and a more general action which will impact the fields with which we interfere. Our organised complex unity is based on exchanges of matter, energy, and above all, information, with the universe that builds and surrounds us. The primordial reality that some will name energy, others information, could be love. Love would be the ultimate reality
Kempf, Cédric. "L’étude des conceptions en santé comme préalable à un dispositif de promotion de la santé." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1355.
Повний текст джерелаOur thesis falls within the scope of Health Promotion defined by the World Health Organization. The research activity consists mainly of evaluating the effectiveness of Health Promotion through intervention programs, thus demonstrating its effects on the health of the populations and by the same its social utility. In the framework of this thesis, we wonder if the program is the only modality of intervention in Health Promotion even though it responds to expectations of Public Health. We propose an alternative modality more in line with the Promotion of Health, namely the concept of device whose central figure is the subject. But because the interventions of professionals within a device can differ according to their perception of the term of health, it requires a time of explanation to determine their intentions. We rely on theories of interdisciplinary intervention and health conceptions to lay the foundation for a Health Promotion device. Interdisciplinary intervention is mainly conditioned by the commitment of professionals who will have previously identified a common problem. The health conceptions participate, as for them, to structure our actions in the daily situations relating to our health, they can also enlighten the situations which concern the professionals who have to decide and act in a perspective promoter of health of the subjects which they accompany. This allows us to feed an object of research in Health Promotion around the implementation of a device. By listing topics as a nodal point of a device, we question what would allow them to decide to participate in what constitutes our research question. To do this, we studied a device in Health Promotion, EST03, which aims to support territorial actors who intervene with children and adolescents. We focused on a key moment that is the beginnings of this device where professionals are in a position to determine their commitment. We conceived two protocols allowing the collection and the analysis of speeches of 63 subjects, by the method of the semi-directed interview, concerning their professional activity and the links with the term of health. We used the qualitative content analysis software Nvivo 11 © and developed two analysis steps. The first allowed the constitution of 812 references. The second stage of the analysis revealed 28 health conceptions mobilized by the subjects. Using a similarity measure, we observed the existence of a healthy collective design in an asynchronous situation and then confirmed the presence of a meta-system of healthy conceptions. We discuss a methodological limit on the very situation of the interview as a disruptive situation. The latter questions the commitment of the researcher in his posture with the research object but which allows to be in phase with the real temporality of the beginnings of a device. We return to the main hypothesis by indicating that the process of explaining conceptions in health is an indicator of mobilization of professionals by its triggering effect. The meta-system of conceptions in health observed makes it possible to establish a link with the notion of collective activity but also with the sociological concept of negotiation. This allows us to establish some prerequisites for a device in Health Promotion, namely the explanation of the health conceptions of the subjects upstream of the device, the collective activity as modality of organization of the device, recognition and valorization of the collective activity of professionals by the institutions and the coordination of tasks
Rouillon, Steeve. "Outils d'évaluation d'une intervention d'éducation pour la santé environnementale périnatale." Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT1402/document.
Повний текст джерелаChildhood and adulthood diseases are associated to in utero exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). To reduce this exposure, environmental health education programs dedicated to perinatal period are implemented. These programs change psychosocial dimensions such as risk perception (RP) and belief in the action of exposure reduction (BAR), but few are assessed.The interventional research PREVED study aims to assess efficacy of a perinatal environmental health education program to reduce pregnant women exposure to EDC.The objectives of this work were to develop analytical (i) and (ii) epidemiological tools to evaluate the efficacy of the program. Thus, (i) ultrasensitive LC-MS/MS analytical methods were developed to determine unconjugated fractions of EDCs in urine and colostrum and validated using samples collected from the EDDS perinatal cohort; (ii) a psychosocial questionnaire exploring RP, BAR and knowledge of pregnant women by means of scores was developed.This work, part of an interdisciplinary approach to environmental health, proposes reliable analytical methods to assess exposure to the studied EDCs on the one hand, and a questionnaire assessing knowledge, attitudes and practices of pregnant women about EDCs on the other hand. The impact of the perinatal environmental health education program will be assessed using these tools
Johann, Petit. "Organiser la continuité du service : Intervention sur l'organisation d'une Mutuelle de santé." Phd thesis, Université Victor Segalen - Bordeaux II, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00659105.
Повний текст джерелаPetit, Johann. "Organiser la continuité du service : intervention sur l'organisation d'une mutuelle de santé." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21235.
Повний текст джерелаThe main objective of this research is to show that service is produced by means of a continuous process. Basing himself on an ergonomic intervention in a mutual health insurance company, the author emphasizes the fact that an organization that completely splits front office and back office tasks has negative impacts, as regards both the operators' activity and the quality of service. This research gives prominence to the limitations of many organizational approaches, stemming from industry, in service situations : they usually underestimate the collective activity. The division between front office and back office deeply changes the determinants of this continuous organizational redesign. The author proposes ways to set new cooperation forms between front office and back office, in order to assure a continuity of service by possible forms of the ergonomist's intervention on organizational project management : the relevance of activity analysis as a source of change scenarios
Kim, Hyo-Jung. "L’éducateur spécialisé en santé mentale : étude clinique." Paris 5, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA05H025.
Повний текст джерелаThe job to specialized educator is difficult to encircle. The clinical approach of research for psychoanalytical orientation, used in this work, aims at understanding the experience lived by these professionals and the psychic, conscious and unconscious dynamics, which are connected to it in the context of the sector of the mental health. The genesis of the object of research, the implication of the researcher from a route which led her from South Korea to France are described. The historic and institutional aspects of the construction of the job by specialized educator show its complexity, in the articulation of the sanitary and social policies. The concepts of relationship in the knowledge, reparation and sublimation allow to question better the oppropiate stakes identification for this job. The investigation of ground level contains nine non-directive conversations with educators specialized in mental health, and one with a psychiatrist. After a clinical analysis of every interview and a transverse reflection, the results of the research show an uncertain posture of this profession facing of the psychic suffering of the accompanied young people and of the collaboration with the other professionals. A report in the specific knowledge is specified, connected to a practice in everyday life as well as the psychic stakes in the use of the educational mediations. These allow the professional to find an identical solution in its difficulty a to put on a creative drive (Winnicott), at the internal and relationship psychic level in the link to the users
Lamouroux, Aurore. "Intervention psychosociale et éducation thérapeutique de patients asthmatiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX10061.
Повний текст джерелаBouaziz, Mohammed Farouk. "Contribution à la modélisation Bayésienne de l'état de santé d'un système complexe : application à l'industrie du semi-conducteur." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00993732.
Повний текст джерелаSouley, Issoufou Mamane Sani. "Anthropologie d'un essai clinique : enjeux de santé globale autour d'un nouveau vaccin testé par un complexe humanitaro-scientifique." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN035.
Повний текст джерелаIn 2015, Epicentre, an epidemiological research center created in 1987 by the humanitarian NGO Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), will begin a randomised clinical trial of a new vaccine against severe forms of diarrhoea in children under five years of age. It is produced by the Serum Institute Of lndia Limited (an Indian pharmaceutical company). The trial is being conducted in Madarounfa, a rural community in southem Niger. This thesis proposes to discuss the global dimensions and local issues surrounding a vaccine, Rotasiil which can be defined as "an African vaccine" if on considers the way it is presented and promoted by the Serwn Institute, MSF, and Epicentre. The Rotasiil vaccine trial is testament to the utopia of global health actors that technology and the omnipotence of medicine can defeat disease b obscuring the context of structural violence in which their intervention takes place (Farmer 2002; Farmer 2002; Galtun · and Hôivik 1971). It also testifies to the emergence of new actors (NGOs and industries) in the field of global healt policies (Bertho-Huidal 2012). This thesis is also interested in the science "in the making" and analyses the social conditions of sample collection, from their analysis in the laboratory to the entry of the results in a database. It ais describes the adjustrnents and negotiations at work in the application of the "gold standard" of clinical trials that are confronted with the interactional context of their implementation (Brives, Le Marcis, and Sanabria 2016)
Vallée, Catherine. "Implantation d'une stratégie de retour au travail après un problème de santé psychologique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2807.
Повний текст джерелаLucas, Garcia Emminarie Luisiana. "Modélisation d’une intervention visant à la promotion de la santé des salariés de la SNCF." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G032.
Повний текст джерелаBackground Workplace health promotion programmes are complex interventions that need a wide understanding of risk factors to target high risk populations. The implementation of these programmes often requires the mobilization of classical methods of programme design and planning. However, these methods usually are not based on the Ottawa Charter five priority areas which provides a framework ensuring programme effectiveness. Understanding how a specific program is supposed to work is a crucial point in health promotion and could contribute to the appropriate programme planning and implementation. Thus, programme theory is a practical tool which captures the complexity of a programme by clarifying its objectives, activities and expected outcomes. Objective The aim of this work was to provide a deep insight about workplace health promotion by (i) developping the underlying programme theory of a health promotion programme entitled “Plus Saine la Vie” (“Healthier Life”) carried out in the French National Railways Company (SNCF) and (ii) identifying the factors that are associated with type 2 diabetes and hypertension and can be routinely measured in French overweight employees to develop targeted preventive strategies in the workplace. Methods The “Swiss Model for Outcome Classification in Health Promotion and Prevention” was used to develop the programme theory. Then, we used the design process proposed by Fry and Zask (2016) to understand which levers of action from the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion had been mobilised in the programme. Secondly, two cross-sectional studies were conducted to identify the determinants of type 2 diabetes and hypertension among SNCF overweight employees who participated in a health screening conducted during their regular occupational health check-up (January 2011-March 2015). Results Our work provides a programme theory with detailed information regarding how this health promotion programme was supposed to work and what it was expected to be implemented in the workplace setting. Moreover, the programme design analysis showed that the programme had mobilised the following Ottawa Charter’s action areas in the workplace setting: “creating supportive environments”, “strengthening community action”, “developing personal skills” and “reorienting health services”. Significant predictors of hyperglycaemia were male sex, age ≥50 years, high blood pressure, and daily intake of sugary food. In addition, male sex, older age (age ≥40), body mass index between 27.5 and 29.9 kg/m², hyperglycaemia, high risk of sleep apnoea, and night work schedule were significantly associated with high blood pressure. Conversely, high job position was identified as a protective factor for high blood pressure. Discussion Our work provides an example of a programme theory which can be used as a framework to develop health promotion programmes in the workplace setting. Moreover, our work presents an analysis of the programme concerning the mobilisation of the Ottawa Charter’s action areas for health promotion in the workplace. Our findings could be used by occupational health professionals to design specific health promotion interventions in the workplace setting to target individuals at high risk for developing hypertension and type 2 diabetes
Zavettieri-Mangin, Grazia. "La construction du sens du développement des compétences psychosociales : justifications et usages en promotion de la santé." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0284/document.
Повний текст джерелаSince the work of World Health Organization (1946) on health promotion, summarized into the Ottawa International Charter (1986), the concept of life skills, defined as "person’s abilities to respond effectively to the requirements and tests of everyday life" appears essential part in any educational practice related to health. In over 30 years, the field of health promotion has provided any educational approach with strategies, methods and intervention tools designed, in particular, to help people develop or improve life skills. Nowadays, in France, in numerous calls of proposals, the development of life skills is a usual aim for funders of prevention and health education programs. But although often considered essential by health education professionals in their actions, the development of life skills is not yet a real object of scientific research, and its effectiveness remains rather unconfirmed. The main objective of this thesis work is to explore through a comprehensive sociological and pragmatic approach, the meaning of the intervention aimed for the development of life skills. This research is based on a discourse analysis, especially on two axes: 1) individual skills acquisition, carried by health promotion practitioners, and 2) daily use of the development of life skills, by field workers within education area in its broader sense. This analysis is supposed to help to understand worldviews transmitted by different actors through their action. The research first focuses on the study of health promotion field as ideal type to delineate its area and to identify people interested in this topic. Its theoretical basis and its ethical and socio-historical dimensions are questioned to find out the development of life skills object and to understand its goals. According to Boltansky, health promotion is a "city", considered both as a new concept and as anunder construction space of social practices. Then, these works aim to determine whether the development of life skills is a component of the new approach of the so-called "global health" as an issue for population health management. Based on other area findings (i.e. occupation, business, education and training), all of which directly and widely concerned by development of life skills, the questions they asked can by divided in two categories: 1) how was built the life skill concept– and its development-, and 2) the politicization movement which undergoes the use of development of life skills in health promotion actions. The intervention for development of life skills is a political action that engages our study at the heart of educational issues and social policies. The construction of life skills concept in the own theoretical discourse on health promotion, fed by contributions coming from other social area, induces actors’ politicization process (accountability and adaptability). The purpose of the intervention for the development of life skills in health promotion is certainly human development in its psychological (autonomy) and social (citizenship) dimensions, but the requirements involve and engage the individual in a recognized and accepted self-monitoring mechanism (individual empowerment). The meaning of development of life skills can be found in an interval where an ethic paradigm shift – to the benefit of a better individual and societies’ well being - is raising, and in an area where, to some extent, personal self-realization turns to a mercantile happiness in the liberal economic sphere
Boudreau, François. "Diabète de type 2 et activité physique : Développement, mise en oeuvre et effet d'une intervention éducative sur mesure à l'aide des technologies de l'information." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27200/27200.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPoquet, Delphine. "Comment favoriser des choix de goûters favorables à la santé au sein du binôme mère-enfant ? : effet d’une intervention « nutritionnelle » ou d’une intervention « hédonique »." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH006.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, the midafternoon snack is a frequent habit among children usually characterized by the consumption of fatty, sweet and high-energy-dense foods. If eating behaviours remain flexible and can evolve throughout the life, they are already strongly established during childhood. In this context, improve food habits in terms of midafternoon snack seem important. The thesis aim was therefore to assess the effectiveness of levers aimed at promoting healthy snack choices within mother-child dyads. A first experiment was conducted in order to assess the impact of a nutritional labelling system, the Nutri-Score, on the nutritional quality and on the liking of the snacks chosen within mother-child dyads. The results showed an improvement in the nutritional quality of midafternoon snacks chosen by the participants for themselves and for the other dyad member after labelling with the Nutri-Score. This improvement is accompanied by a decrease in the liking of the snacks chosen by children and mothers. A second experiment was conducted in order to assess the impact of a pleasure-based intervention conducted at home and mobilizing three dimensions of pleasure from eating (sensory, interpersonal and psychosocial) and on the nutritional quality of midafternoon snacks chosen in the laboratory in mother-child dyads. This intervention was also tested on different variables characterizing the nutritional composition of the midafternoon snack consumed at home by children. If the intervention did not improve the nutritional quality of the snacks chosen by the children and their mother in the laboratory, it reduced the energy content of snacks consumed at home by the children. This reduction would be due to a decrease in the quantities consumed. Results obtained in the context of this work could provide guidance for public authorities responsible for communication and recommendation on child nutrition
Bérard, Céline. "LE PROCESSUS DE DÉCISION DANS LES SYSTÈMES COMPLEXES : UNE ANALYSE D'UNE INTERVENTION SYSTÉMIQUE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00519068.
Повний текст джерелаGélizé, Maïalen. "Pour la performance de projet : Un apprentissage de la pensée complexe au service de l’accompagnement. : Cas d’un pôle d’établissements de santé." Thesis, Pau, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PAUU2076.
Повний текст джерелаThe project is the main way for organizations to meet the challenges of a changing and constrained environment. However, despite the development of methods and tools, an abnormally high rate of project failure persists. The observations of this failure highlight deficiencies related to the classic project approach and to aspects related to project support. Thus, the question of how the project manager can support the project performance arises. Our research aims to provide some answers to this question.To do so, we have studied in depth the findings of this performance deficit in the literature. Our study has oriented us towards the need to consider another way of thinking about the project with and in uncertainty, in a comprehensive way. It is therefore under the prism of complex thinking according to E. Morin that we proposed a learning support for the complex project approach in order to improve its performance. We experimented with this learning support for the complex project approach in a cluster of private care institutions for three years. To do so, we conducted a research-intervention with a transformative aim based on a qualitative research methodology, with an abductivity-type reasoning. We accompanied top managers who were project leaders. We intervened with two researchers and experienced this coaching ourselves as project managers. The results of the experimentation confirmed our belief that coaching and training in the complex project approach contributes to the improvement of project performance, which allowed us to develop recommendations
El proyecto es el principal medio del que disponen las organizaciones para hacer frente a los retos de un entorno cambiante y bajo presión. Sin embargo, a pesar del desarrollo de métodos y herramientas, una tasa sorprendentemente alta de fracaso de los proyectos persiste. Las conclusiones de este fracaso ponen de relieve las deficiencias relacionadas con el enfoque clásico de los proyectos y los aspectos relacionados con el acompañamiento de los proyectos. En este marco, surge la cuestión de cómo el director del proyecto puede favorecer el rendimiento del mismo. Nuestra investigación tiene como objetivo proporcionar algunas respuestas a esta pregunta.Para ello, hemos estudiado en profundidad la literatura sobre los hallazgos de este déficit de rendimiento. Nuestro estudio nos ha orientado hacia la necesidad de tomar en consideración otras formas de pensar el proyecto en un contexto de incertidumbre y de manera integral. Por lo tanto, es bajo el prisma del pensamiento complejo según E. Morin que propusimos un soporte de aprendizaje para el enfoque del proyecto complejo con el fin de mejorar su rendimiento. Durante tres años hemos experimentamos con este soporte de aprendizaje para el enfoque de proyectos complejos en un grupo de instituciones de atención privada. Para ello, realizamos una investigación-intervención con un objetivo transformador basado en una metodología de investigación cualitativa y con un razonamiento abductivo. Hemos acompañado a altos directivos en su calidad de líderes de proyectos. Trabajamos con dos investigadores y hemos experimentado este soporte nosotros mismos como directores de proyectos. Los resultados de la experimentación confirmaron nuestra creencia de que el entrenamiento y la capacitación en el enfoque de proyectos complejos contribuye a mejorar el rendimiento de los mismos, lo que nos permitió elaborar recomendaciones
Zhang, Yuxiang. "Contrôle de santé des matériaux et structures par analyse de la coda ultrasonore." Thesis, Le Mans, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEMA1014/document.
Повний текст джерелаWith their long and complex propagation paths, coda waves can probe the propagation medium repeatedly and show a high sensitivity to the perturbations to the medium, i.e. variations in propagation velocity. Since such variations may indicate the modification of elastic properties and Coda Wave interferometry (CWI) can determine it precisely (relative resolution of 0.001%), CWI is considered a promising method for non destructive testing and evaluation (NDT&E). An experimental test is presented as an example of the CWI use on concrete for NDT&E purpose. For solving the experimental repeatability issue revealed in this test, a bias-control protocol is designed to reduce the experimental bias in CWI results. It is experimentally confirmed that this protocol can remarkably improve the reliability of CWI results and the experimental repeatability. Together with this bias-control protocol, the CWI is used to study the behaviors of concrete under uni-axial load in direct tension. Both elastic (acoustoealstic effect) and inelastic (Kaiser effect) behaviors are observed via CWI results. Effective value of acoustoelastic coefficient is then determined from CWI results and used for the detection of an early-stage damage that artificially induced to the concrete specimen. A defect-detection method of an initially linear medium (glass) is then developed by using the CWI. Due to the nonlinearity brought by the defects, acoustic mixing effect occurred, and the observation of such effect is the indication of damage. The use of a broadband pump wave and the CWI makes possible to 1) detect the damage globally without blind zone and 2) assess the damage level in an effective manner
Vallata, Amandine. "Des déterminants individuels et collectifs du sevrage tabagique au développement d’une intervention de santé publique chez les adolescents." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0235.
Повний текст джерелаThe leading cause of preventable death in France and worldwide is smoking. Most adult smokers began smoking in adolescence, and the age of daily smoking among adolescents is 15.1 years. Social inequalities have been observed according to the educational pathway of young people, with those in vocational streams (in high schools or in apprentice training centers) showing a much higher prevalence of daily smoking (33% and 47% respectively) compared to their counterparts in the general stream (22%). A smoking cessation program targeting adolescents in apprenticeships, TABADO, was developed and evaluated in France in vocational schools, in the Lorraine region in 2007-2009. The 12-month evaluation showed a quit rate twice as high in schools that had benefited from TABADO compared to control schools. However, the evaluation of this type of intervention cannot be limited to the assessment of efficacy. Indeed, these interventions are considered as complex, due to the influence of contextual and organizational factors on outcomes. Moreover, from a pragmatic point of view, the objective of decision-makers and public health professionals is to be able to replicate and implement evidence-based programs in real-world conditions. In particular, the National Cancer Institute has decided to scale-up TABADO at the national level, and to extend it to vocational high schools. The challenge is then no longer to understand if an intervention "works", but also why and how it works. To date, TABADO research has not benefited from this type of evaluation. The main objective of this PhD is thus to understand the processes and mechanisms explaining the effects of the TABADO intervention, in order to propose an optimized version, applicable in real-world conditions and to adolescents in vocational high schools. This will involve developing the program theory, in accordance with the principles of Pawson’s and Tiley’s realist evaluation. The methods were: 1) conducting a systematic literature review to identify individual and collective predictors of smoking cessation in adolescents, 2) conducting a multiple-case study of the TABADO program (n=10) to identify factors and mechanisms favoring/hindering the enrollment and retention of student smokers in the program, across the diversity of implementation contexts. The literature review identified 63 predictors of smoking cessation among adolescents. Half of these predictors were social influences and psychosocial factors (Article 1). In terms of research, the development of the program theory highlighted the main mechanisms (here in realist terms, i.e. the reasoning of adolescent smokers) explaining the behaviors of young smokers with regard to the TABADO program, and the required conditions to activate these mechanisms (Article 2). From a pragmatic point of view, the multiple-case study highlighted the need and the way to integrate TABADO into a global strategy rather than considering it as an independent intervention, leading to the creation of TABADO 2 (Article 3). Numerous recommendations for field agents have been produced and have been put in a practical guide, now distributed by Santé Publique France, to support the national scaling-up of this program (TABADO 2 Guide). This PhD work thus met a dual research/field objective: it explained how a smoking cessation program can produce an effect in adolescents, and it proposed a new version of TABADO, which has been improved and adapted for real-world conditions, supporting the national scaling-up
Omorou, Abdou-Moutawakirou Yacoubou. "Activité physique et sédentarité de l'adolescent et de l'adulte : facteurs associés, impact sur la santé, efficacité d'une intervention." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0198/document.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Relationships between physical activity (PA), sedentary behaviour (SB) and health have been usually investigated independently. However, taking into account these two components simultaneously is an essential requirement to understand their health effects. Objectives: To investigate the relationships between PA, SB and health in French population (adolescents and adults). This aim can be divided in 3 different research headings: (1) identification of the correlates of PA and SB, (2) measurement of the health impact of PA and SB, (3) evaluation of the effectiveness of intervention aimed to improve PA and SB. Methods: We used data from different survey and studies carried out in French general or specific population. The PRALIMAP trial (PRomotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique) in adolescents, the SUVIMAX trial (SUpplémentation en VItamines et Minéraux Anti-oXydants) in adults and the health Barometer Surveys (2005 and 2008) in general population. For the heading 1 we investigated the socio-demographic and economic correlates of PA and SB. For the heading 2 we analyzed the common and specific effects of PA and SB on health, especially health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and overweight prevalence. For the heading 3 we assessed the effectiveness of intervention on PA and SB change and its relationship with overweight reduction. Results: PA and SB were highly correlates to socio-economic characteristics in both adolescents and adults. In bidirectional analyses taking into account the domains of PA and SB, we yielded that PA and SB could be both causes and consequences of HRQoL. Intervention (PRALIMAP) was effective in improving PA and SB and this improvement partly mediated the weight reduction. Conclusion: The results of this work emphases the importance of PA and SB as health determinants whatever the life period (adolescents and adults) particularly in terms of weight reduction and HRQoL improvement
Bérard, Céline. "Le processus de décision dans les systèmes complexes : une analyse d’une intervention systémique." Phd thesis, Paris 9, 2009. https://bu.dauphine.psl.eu/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090079.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis is to contribute to a better understanding of decision processes in a complex system, by analysing how systemic interventions produce changes in the decision-making process followed by individuals. More precisely, this research analyses the potential effects of the use of a systemic model by decision-makers, on both the constitutive activities and the dimensions of decision processes, while taking into consideration their potential determinants. The research involves an experiment based on one simulated case about the intellectual property system of biotechnological innovations: experimental sessions consist in individual interviews with policy-makers, and the systemic intervention concerns the use of a simulation model based on the system dynamics approach. The results suggest: 1) a multiple, cumulative, conjunctive, and iterative progression; 2) an incremental, based on multiple perspectives, and creative decision-making procedure; 3) the multiplicity of involved actors, with diversified interests and roles; 4) rationalities which are political, limited, contextual, and even socio-cognitive. Moreover, the results show that decision-makers, who benefit from a systemic intervention, tend to consider more analytical elements and scientific disciplines during their decision analysis, and to involve additional internal and external actors
Crevier, Marie. "La proximité relationnelle et l'intervention psychosociale à domicile en Centre de santé et de services sociaux." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2576.
Повний текст джерелаDalphond, Cynthia. "Influence d'une intervention participative sur les perceptions de stress, de reconnaissance et d'habilitation dans un centre hospitalier." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7559.
Повний текст джерелаMahyaoui, Youssef. "Etude juridico-économique de la contractualisation dans le système de soins." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077224.
Повний текст джерелаTaché, Alain. "Adaptation complexe et médiaction : principes d' une ingénierie de l' intervention du sociologue : un exemple dans la politique de l' emploi/formation." Toulouse 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU10038.
Повний текст джерелаHaving defined, using tools of the systemic paradigm and complex thinking (dialogical, organisational recursivity and hologrammatical principles), adaptation as an actionnable abstract category of sociology, we support the thesis that the sociologist assumes a fundamental function in the process of adaptation of complex systems. This function articulates three interdependent levels, that of action (the one that he develops from the meeting with the interlocutors and throughout his intervention), that of mediation (the development of a ternary process), that of complexity (complex self-socio-eco-re-organisation/complex adaptation). These three levels are independantly and mutually recursive. We categorise this function by the neologism mediaction, as developed by the mediacteur. The comprehensibility of the médiaction is thus seen to be in the conjunction of the mediation, the action and the complexity (mediatio, actio, complexus)
Rouat, Sabrina. "Les processus individuels et organisationnels de construction de la santé au travail : prévention de la santé mentale au travail et analyse de dispositifs organisationnels." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20006/document.
Повний текст джерелаWe aim to contribute to the study of intervention process in the organization for mental health prevention in the workplace. We begin by linking the different health-building processes in the workplace. We then take into account the factors that support the success of primary prevention interventions. Our analysis then allows for exploration of possible relationship between these two research fields. Our examination of seven cases studies of prevention interventions brings elements of understanding to the conditions that best favour the decision to change an organization. The intervention process is designed as a way to produce a dynamic organizational maturation on the issue of mental health in the workplace, which is likely to improve cooperation between actors. Finally, by questioning interactions between the individual and the organization, this dissertation analyzes the logic behind the non-take-up strategies used by troubled employees. It allows us to examine why arrangements within an organization are not used and to identify under what conditions they can be efficient and well used
Duchamp, David. "L'Agir Communicationnel comme outil de gestion du changement organisationnel : les "35 heures" dans les petits Établissements de Santé du Secteur Public : approche par une méthode de Recherche - Intervention." Nancy 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN22002.
Повний текст джерелаThis research applies the Communicative Action Theory to the problematic of leading organizational change, impulses by politics, in small public health care organizations. More precisely we focus on the impact of the "35 hours", a reform we consider as a management tool. That law can be seen as a double injunction for organizational change and for a participative approach which seemed to be inspired by Communicative Action Theory. We follow a instrumental and a comprehensive approach of our research object. The empirical data have been collected using the " Appui-Conseil", a specific appliance associated to the law, as real Interventions-Researches. Results related to the instrumental part of our research point out that the organizational goals have been reached. The comprehensive part shows that the "habermasian" approach of change has been followed in various ways : strongly within the health care organizations; weakly for the relationships between these organizations and their administrative supervision. We envisage the possibility of an evolution of organizational structure to a "innovative" model which can be mentioned as an "communicative hospital". This scenario depends on the mastery of several risks, "the professionalization of team-project" is one example. Contributions of this research is first at a theoretical level by building an organizational change approach inspired by Communicative Action. Methodological contributions consist on our specific use of the "Appui-Conseil" appliance, which point out the possibility of what can be called as a "Intervention-Research at a large scale". There is also practical contributions of that "habermasian translation" which can be seen as a new way of leading change. The efficiency of this new approach is strongly related to the definition of the stakeholder affected by a change
Pauzé, Elise. "La qualité de l’alimentation et l’accès alimentaire des ménages vulnérables habitant dans une zone d’intervention d’agriculture de santé publique en Haïti." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/32432.
Повний текст джерелаButeau, Rose-Anne. "Élaboration et pré-expérimentation d'une intervention gérontagogique d'éducation en incontinence urinaire pour les femmes agées." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/26932/26932_1.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаGuidou, Nadège. "La qualité, l'innovation et la créativité du travail au sein des organisations : vers une politique globale de prévention de la souffrance psychique au travail." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2089/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis research work deals with the intervention in prevention of occupational psychological health problems. It highlights the difficulties between knowing and doing: the biggest difficulties occur after diagnosis, when work situations and the organisation have to be substantially and permanently transformed. To reach this goal, a great deal of theoretical work has been carried out in order to identify in literature and analyse significant models of intervention for their coordination between a sound theoretical framework around the dynamics of occupational health (knowing) and a methodological framework of intervention (doing). We propose thus, through a literature review, three dimensions able to theorize the transition from knowledge to action, a transition which is understood as a social process as such and not as a methodological consequence. Those 3 dimensions, namely the object of the intervention, the level of involvement and the cognitive prevention process implemented with the actors, are at the heart of our work. Thanks to this theoretical and epistemological work, the designed methodological framework aims at developing scientifically this process, seeking its comprehensibility and the beginning of a work of predictability, and enabling reproducibility by other actors in the future. To that end, we present 3 studies, each firmly rooted in practice, within occupational health departments, and thus in the field. They study the effects of different linkages between the object of intervention, the level of involvement and the cognitive prevention process. The whole process fits into fundamental applied research and results in the proposal and the testing of a new model of prevention, which enables to go beyond the limits observed in literature. This new approach is characterised by this specific coordination and also by an innovative methodology that puts the intervention within a process of organisational innovation. Based on the implementation of a proximal zone of development, it allows the actors to develop transitional activities and is helpful in the difficulties they face in any prevention system. Eventually, this work opens new practical and scientific orientations, questions the stance of the occupational health professionals as well as the framework of practice of occupational psychologists
Bossé, Jérôme. "Santé mentale de réfugiés bhoutanais, leurs stratégies de régulation émotionnelle et leurs besoins psychosociaux spécifiques : une étude exploratoire." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11611.
Повний текст джерелаDievart, Mickaël. "Architectures de diagnostic et de pronostic distribuées de systèmes techniques complexes de grande dimension." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010INPT0063/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn this dissertation, various architectures for the control and the monitoring of Large Scale Complex Technical Systems (LSCTS) are discussed. The problematic of condition-based maintenance and health status assessment is defined. A diagnostic and prognostic typology is presented leading to the assessment of the health status of LSCTSs. Decentralized diagnosis studies are discussed then the contributions of the ICT and of the distributed technologies for the diagnosis are presented. Thereafter, the distributed diagnosis and works relative to this kind of deployments are introduced. The limits of the centralized and decentralized diagnosis approaches are presented. Then the centralized approaches are compared to the distributed ones. Information and/or knowledge that support the diagnosis and the prognosis as well as their modeling in order to exploit them are described and formalized. A characterization is proposed for the different status of a component can be in. Requirements are described for the monitoring layer of the LSCTSs are described in order to implement the proposed diagnosis and prognosis principles that are then specified by the means of algorithms. Eventually, a health assessment method of the LSCTSs is also proposed. Several deployments can be considered to implement the health assessment of the LSCTSs. A simulation platform, which was developed to evaluate the performances of the centralized and the distributed deployments, is presented. Among the purposes of the platform, one is to behave as the monitoring layer of a LSCTS. A use case is proposed for two deployments and their performances are compared
Messier, Valérie. "La séroprévalence des zoonoses au Nunavik : surveillance, identification des facteurs de risque et intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27743/27743.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJohnson, Stacey. "Promouvoir la santé au sein des clubs de sport (PROSCeSS) : du développement de la théorie à l’intervention." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4037.
Повний текст джерелаIn 1986, the World Health Organization called upon public health advocates to invest in settings to promote health (World Health Organization, 1986). For over 20 years, many settings including hospitals (Johnson & Baum, 2001), schools (Rees et al., 2006), universities (Dooris et al., 2014; Suárez-Reyes & Van den Broucke, 2016), have been researched to understand the organizations’ capacity for change and developed into ‘healthy’ settings. Grounded in the settings-based approach, sports clubs (Kokko et al., 2006), have been undergoing similar research and development to increase health promotion actions in this context. However, literature shows that when the settings-based approach is applied to sports clubs, it is rarely implemented or poorly executed (Geidne et al., 2019). With this in mind, this thesis undertook an iterative approach to educate sports clubs on the benefits of promoting health and provide them with a how-to guide for implementing the health promoting sports club approach based on the club’s needs and goals. The objective is for sports clubs to go beyond promoting just one health behavior to one sports club level. To understand health promotion perceptions of sports club actors (managers, coaches, participants), a multi-level questionnaire was created (study 1) and psychometrically validated (study 2). Study 3 created a theoretical model of health promoting sports clubs (HPSC), which includes 3 sports club levels (macro, meso, micro) with 4 health determinants (economic, environmental, organizational, social) working interdependently within the sport club. In addition, evidence-driven guidelines (Geidne et al., 2019) were formulated into 14 strategies and 55 intervention components to create an intervention planning framework targeting the multiple sports club levels and health determinants. To ensure that a participative approach was applied, a concept mapping study directly asked sports club actors what support they thought was needed to increase health promotion actions in sports clubs (study 4). Using stakeholder-generated statements, 14 new intervention components were formulated. Study 5 augmented the previous HPSC club model by including 7 total levels; 4 internal (macro, meso, micro, individual) and 3 external (Sports federations, Public health actors, Government authorities) levels which can impact sports clubs’ ability to promote health. The newly formulated intervention components were categorized into a revised HPSC framework. Study 6 capitalized on eight exemplar French sports clubs currently involved in promoting health; giving concrete examples of how health promotion interventions are implemented in their sports club. Combined, results from this thesis offer sports clubs reasons to invest in health promotion with an implementation plan
Chivorakoun, Phetvongsinh. "Les déterminants de santé publique dans la prise en charge des personnes vivant avec une épilepsie en RDP Lao." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0120/document.
Повний текст джерелаEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases worldwide. It is a public health issuein developing countries, where the medical and economic resources are poor for the case management. This doctoral work was set-up as a public health research, assessing the progressive implementation of the management of people living with epilepsy (PWE) in Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR). Our research was conducted first through observational research and produces five scientific publications on the health staff,antiepileptic drugs, management of pediatric cases and treatment adherence. Secondly, interventional research focused on a one-year PWE’s follow-up using active screening and domestic health visitors. This work has identified the challenges of the management of epilepsy in Lao PDR: the socio-cultural beliefs, the low qualification of health staff for epilepsy management, the low antiepileptic drug supply and the high price of the drugs. Our interventions were successful, increasing the number of PWEs treated in the healthcare system. The extension of effective management for epilepsy at a national level requires the strengthening of capacity of healthcare at community level, the governance, the contributions of civil society and research actors
Legrand, Karine. "Un dispositif de formalisation de processus assistée par ordinateur pour l’évaluation de programme de promotion de la santé : application à PRALIMAP et PRALIMAP-INÉS, essais de prévention du surpoids." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0327/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe evaluation of intervention implementation is a component of process evaluation and is crucial for analyzing variability in health promotion programs. A cross-sectional descriptive survey has identified a strong need for health promotion and disease prevention professionals to be helped in the evaluation of health promotion programmes (every other actor had difficulties in conducting process evaluation). In the design reflection of an IT tool devoted to the structuration and implementation evaluation, PREV@LISS, developed by the Mutualité Française, is a tool facilitating the implementation data reporting; it has proven to be practical and easy to answer the actors' expectations. Its functionality qualities were demonstrated in the PRALIMAP-INES. The PRALIMAP-INES intervention research aimed to investigate whether a strengthened-care management for adolescents with low socioeconomic status has an equivalent effect in preventing and reducing overweight as a standard-care management for high socioeconomic status adolescents. PRALIMAP-INES was a multi-component programme implemented in schools, including key functions evaluated near the actors using questionnaires, interviews and observations. Adolescents with high BMI z-score and a highly disadvantaged social status participated more frequently to the program. The methodology employed in offering adapted activities and accompanying the participants showed a positive effect despite an inter-school variability
Boucher, Danielle. "Développement, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'une intervention ciblée visant à promouvoir la consommation de légumes et de fruits chez des collégiens au Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30033/30033.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe background for this project is the promotion of health. It aims at the development, implementation and evaluation of an intervention promoting the daily consumption of at least five servings of vegetables and fruits, by college students. The first step consisted in the identification of the determinants of the intention to consume at least five daily servings of vegetables and fruits, during three months, for 385 students from two Québec CEGEP establishments. The framework for this study was Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (1991), three constructs from other theoretical models being included. Within a correlation device, a hierarchical regression analysis revealed that 75 % of the variance pertaining to intention was explained by the following factors: perception of control, perceived importance of facilitators and barriers, and attitude. Another 4 % of the variance for intention was accounted for by added variables. Logistic regression analyses allowed the identification of the beliefs that could be used to structure the educational intervention. The second step was the development and implementation of an intervention based on the identified determinants, with an experimental group during one school semester. Bartholomew, Parcel, Kok & Gottlieb’s (2006) intervention mapping protocol, comprising six steps, was the procedure followed. Finally, a quasi experimental pretest postest device was used in evaluating the effects of this intervention (n = 344). The results obtained through a logistic regression analysis showed a significant 15 % increase in the number of participants exposed to the intervention reaching the prescribed goal of a daily consumption of vegetables and fruits, compared those in the control group (p=0.0219). A covariance analysis reveals a significant effect (p< 0.05) of the intervention on all of the psychosocial variables. Mediation analyses reveal that the effects observed can be attributed to the selected constructs. To conclude, the implementation of an intervention structured according to this model has resulted in the increase of the number of participants reaching the daily consumption goal of fruits and vegetables. A significant change in the determinants associated with the consumption behaviour was also observed. Future interventions with Québec college students on this behavior could successfully follow this procedure.
Beaulieu, Dominique. "Promouvoir le dîner à l'école chez les élèves du secondaire : Développement, mise en oeuvre et évaluation d'une intervention." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29152/29152.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаOccelli, Pauline. "Mesurer et améliorer le climat de sécurité des soins dans les établissements de santé français." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1228/document.
Повний текст джерелаIt is recommended to develop the safety climate (SC) to improve patient safety. In this thesis, we will try to clarify the use of the CS concept for the evaluation of interventions aiming to improve patient safety.The objectives of the articles presented were to develop a French version of a SC questionnaire and to assess the impact of a vignette-based analysis of adverse events (AEs) on the SC of care units.The studies demonstrated the feasibility of measuring the SC with a French version of the American questionnaire, the Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). They made it possible to propose a French version with sufficient psychometric performance. They showed the importance of the role of supervision, the organisational learning and teamwork between units. The French version of the HSOPSC was used to evaluate the effect of the vignette-based analysis of AEs. Tested in a randomized controlled cluster trial, this intervention improved professionals' perceptions of the organisational learning and continuous improvement, without modifying other dimensions.Given the difficulty of modifying all dimensions in a short period of time, SC should be used to characterize the context in which interventions are implemented in order to adapt them and better understand their impact, rather than being used as an outcome criterion.The research areas are to study the sustainability of an intervention beyond its initial evaluation through the maintenance or development of a safety culture; and to study patients' perceptions of care safety
Aloui, Saber. "Contribution à la modélisation et l'analyse du risque dans une organisation de santé au moyen d'une approche système." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00204007.
Повний текст джерелаUn Centre Hospitalier (CH) est considéré comme une entreprise de service particulière nécessitant des outils d'aide au pilotage spécifiques. La mission essentielle est effectivement d'assurer la sécurité du patient et la qualité des soins liés à tout acte médical. Cette mission est soumise à des contraintes toujours plus strictes d'ordre médical, éthique, social, financier, légal ou même politique. De ce fait, il est aisé de constater que l'organisation d'un CH s'inspire désormais de plus en plus des organisations industrielles recentrées autour de la notion de client. Le pilotage doit donc prendre en compte toutes ces contraintes et la nature même du client qu'est le patient. Ce travail de recherche consiste à exploiter les concepts, méthodes et outils de la Modélisation d'Entreprise et de l'Ingénierie Système, pour les appliquer à la maîtrise des risques dans le milieu hospitalier, et en particulier au Circuit du Médicament. Ce travail vise plusieurs objectifs:
- il s'agit de représenter le système sociotechnique complexe hôpital avec ses particularités, différentes vues et niveaux de détail de modélisation.
- ensuite, il s'agit de vérifier les modèles dans un but d'analyse des risques.
Carbonnel, François. "Évaluation des interventions numériques visant un changement de comportement de santé : un enjeu paradigmatique." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MON30093/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo deal with the exponential increase of chronic diseases caused by health behavior (e.g., smoking, alcoholism, unhealthy eating, physical inactivity), non-pharmacological interventions (NPI) have become essential as a prevention tool and as a complement to treatments. Among these NPIs, behavioral intervention technologies (BIT) open up a promising field to a sustainable change in health behaviour (e.g., connected health devices, smartphone health apps, serious games). Beyond their ergonomics and their features, this thesis focuses on their evaluation in health, from their validation to their surveillance. The first study identifies the existing frameworks proposed around the world to evaluate these BITs and categorizes them, based on their underlying epistemological paradigm. The results show an exponential increase of these frameworks and a lack of consensus or convergence towards a common framework, as it had been the case for the drugs, by the end of the twentieth century. The second study is based on a systematic review used to identify 90 published interventional studies evaluating the benefits and the risks of digital solutions to fight against smoking. The results show that some BITs are effective against smoking but their effectiveness is based on a heterogeneous methodological corpus limiting the significance of the results produced. This heterogeneity is related to the inherent characteristics of the BITs (e.g., employed technologies and combination of technologies, multiplicity of the theories to change health behavior), to the chosen assessment methods (e.g., kind of control group, follow-up time) and to the chosen outcome measures (e.g., smoking reduction, smoking cessation). The discussion is focused on the current limitations to demonstrate the effectiveness and the risks of the BITs., due to parallel paradigmatic approaches, the biomedical paradigm, the engineering paradigm and the behavioral paradigm. The lack of consensus limits the comparability and the reproducibility of the results of the studies evaluating these BITs. Most of them are still gadgets, despite a promising potential, as predicted by the manufacturers. This thesis promotes the convergence to a consensual framework to determine the evidence-based benefits and risks of each BITs and introduces proposals to this effect
Loubaton, Rodolphe. "Modélisation des effets d’une intervention dans un programme génique temporel." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0322.
Повний текст джерелаCancer cells can exhibit abnormalities in the expression of certain genes that alter the normal functioning of cellular programs, causing them to proliferate uncontrollably. These cellular programs are made up of the expression of thousands of genes that activate and interact in a concerted fashion. These interactions can be represented as a gene regulatory network. The general objective of this thesis, which follows on from the work of Vallat et al (2021), is to model a cellular program using temporal gene expression data. The model constructed will make it possible to identify target genes whose reduced expression could reduce cell proliferation for therapeutic purposes. In the first chapter, we review existing gene network models in order to justify the choice of our model, which is detailed in the second chapter. This model (called the LiRE model) is a Gaussian parametric statistical model that allows us to take into account gene expression dynamics using parameters describing, among other things, the interactions between genes. The various theoretical properties of our model have enabled us to develop an iterative algorithm for inferring parameters, combining steps of penalized linear regressions lasso and regressions with positivity constraints and constraints on the sum of coefficients. In this chapter, we also carry out a numerical study of this model to investigate its performance on simulated data. In the third chapter, we describe methods for modeling and predicting the results of biological intervention experiments modifying the expression of certain genes, in order to predict the best target genes whose expression should be decreased in the cellular program to reduce cancer cell proliferation. We give theoretical results on different models including our LiRE model. In the final chapter, we detail our R package MultiRNAflow, which enabled us to perform statistical analyses of dynamic and complex gene expression data in order to characterize the genes selected for inference in our model LiRE
Ballet, Delphine. "Approche sociologique de l'intervention éducative dans le monde de la santé. Analyse des pratiques effectives des formateurs en éducation thérapeutique du patient." Thesis, La Réunion, 2019. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/19_38_DBallet.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаTherapeutic patient education (TPE) questions the learning conditions to be met forpeople with chronic illnesses to acquire knowledge and know-howmake appropriate decisions regarding the management of their disease. In a French context aimed at the development of TPE, health professionals are increasingly invited to analyse their practices by questioning the knowledge at stake, the position of the trainer and the potential effects of the educational practices developed. Building on the educational sciences and more specifically on the concept of educational intervention as a theoretical construct of practice, but also on the work relating to teaching practices, this research aims to characterize the activity by studying it from two complementary angles: 1- What happens in a learning context (by observing the practices of the trainers); 2- What happens to the practices declared before and after the Teaching-learning situations-TPE (TLS-TPE). The analysis of 42 TLS-TPE observed in France in 4 regions, 4 types of health structures and 10 different chronic pathologies makes it possible to identify“practice organisers” which correspond to practice invariants specific to the TPE. By remaining more focused on the knowledge to be transmitted rather than on an education in selfmanagement, by being structured by the temporalities of the educational intervention, the practices « en-soignantes » are characterized here, in contrast to teaching practices, between permanence and singularity. The dynamic created by highlighting these contrasts allows us to consider new possibilities for adjusting TPE pratices, particularly in the training context of health professionals
Laporte, Catherine. "Le médecin généraliste et la consommation de cannabis des adolescents en France." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM20/document.
Повний текст джерелаA major public health issue in many countries, the consumption of cannabis is higher in France thananywhere else in Europe. In 2014, nearly a quarter of French youths aged 15 to 25 were monthlyconsumers. Smoking cannabis has somatic, psychiatric and social consequences, and there is a high riskof a fatal accident during or after consumption. Consumption is responsible for cerebral micro-lesions inadolescents in particular, the effects of which are often irreversible. In France, 80% of young peopleaged 15-25 consult a general practitioner (GP) in a typical year, making these professionals ideallyplaced to detect and advise on cannabis use early on. Few general practitioners question their patientsabout their intake, however. Brief Intervention (BI) is a motivational, patient-centered interviewtechnique designed to change behavior, and studies have shown its acceptability and feasibility forusers, including younger consumers’. GPs could make use of it to identify and treat cannabis users.Two qualitative studies were carried out, one using individual interviews with young users, the otherby focus group with the GP, in order to better understand the relationship and to improvecommunication between them. The qualitative study among adolescents highlighted the ambivalencepeculiar to this age group and to substance use in particular. They perceived the GP to be a judge and apossible informer, but also a benevolent authority and a privileged interlocutor in discussions aboutdrug use. A lack of time, and poor knowledge of the GP were perceived to be obstacles to dialogue, butknowing the MG for a long time made matters easier. Studying GPs also revealed an ambivalence:conscious of the dangers of cannabis, they nevertheless conceived its consumption to be a feature ofthe private lives of consumers. They also reported a lack of knowledge and time to address the topic.Knowing the patient for a long time was a brake to the drug dialogue.Based on the data obtained from the study, we developed a one-day training seminar for GPs. Theobjectives were to remove barriers to communication, to refresh doctors on current knowledge aboutcannabis, and to train them in brief intervention.A randomized controlled cluster trial were performed to evaluate the 12-month effects of briefintervention by the GP who had previously been trained among adolescents between 15 and 25 years ofage who used cannabis. After 1 year, cannabis use in the intervention group (IG) decreased from 30 [6-80] to 17.5 [2-60] and that in the control group (CG) decreased from 20 [5-40] to 17.5 [4-40]. The studydid not show any statistically significant results between the two groups after 1 year: p = 0.13. However,it did show a significant decrease in the number of joints smoked in the IG (p = 0.02), which was not thecase for the CG (p = 0.29). Also after 1 year, non-daily consumers smoked fewer joints per month in theIG (IG = 3 [0-15] versus CG = 10 [3-30], p = 0.01). In the 6th month, the study revealed a significantdifference in the multivariate analysis between consumption levels for those under 18 (IG = 12.5 [1-30]versus CG = 20 [12-60], p = 0.04).This study has also allowed an understanding of the complexity of the approach to the cannabisuse in primary care. The structuring of research on primary care is complex and requires methodologicalreflection that is essential for all future projects. Clinical research on cannabis is a delicate matterbecause of the illegality of its use and more general questions of research on illegal substances. Thedangers of cannabis are such that it is necessary to continue to encourage further work on this topic inorder to understand the behaviors of consumers and improve care regimes
Dufour, Marie-Anick. "Les enjeux de l'intervention téléphonique en contexte pluriethnique dans la pratique professionnelle des infirmières du service Info-Santé de l'île de Montréal." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2847.
Повний текст джерелаLareyre, Olivier. "P2P, une intervention de pair à pair visant à prévenir le tabagisme de lycéens professionnels : quel rôle de la Théorie du Comportement Planifié dans le maintien des comportements de santé ?" Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MON30074/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn France, the issue of youth smoking remains a major challenge for public health. If peer pressure may encourage smoking, the peer education also has a positive potential to change smoking behavior of adolescents. In addition, it was demonstrated that the theory of planned behavior (TPB) gave the best prediction of intentions and behaviors in many domains of health. However, the TPB is usually not used to develop interventions against tobacco. In the P2P program, voluntary professional school students have designed and built their own TPB-based intervention (with the help of trained educators), aimed at reducing smoking peers. Our goal was to measure the impact of one year of P2P on a population particularly vulnerable professional students. The main hypothesis is that P2P avoids the increasing of daily smoking during the year in the intervention group compared to the control group
Sasseville, Maxime. "Description des facteurs prédictifs de résultats d’une intervention de prévention et de gestion des maladies chroniques en contexte de soins première ligne." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6018.
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