Дисертації з теми "Interneurone cortical"
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Touzot, Audrey. "Migration et spécification des interneurones GABAergiques corticaux issus de la CGE au cours du développement chez la souris." Thesis, Nice, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014NICE4089/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn rodents, cortical interneurons (INs) originate from the medial (MGE) and caudal ganglionic eminence (CGE) according to precise temporal schedules, express a defined combination of factors, and reach their final laminar position through tangential and radial cell migration. The diversity and fate-specification of MGE-derived interneuron subtypes are well characterized however the molecular mechanisms controlling the migration and specification of CGE-derived INs are still vague. In this study, I have first investigated the migratory paths of cortical INs using a reporter line specific to the CGE, and then I have assessed the involvement of COUP-TFI and COUP-TFII, which are highly expressed in the embryonic CGE during development, in these paths. My data unravelled two major previously non-characterized migratory streams from the subpallium to the pallium: a dorsal stream (CLMS) in which CGE-derived cells migrate to the lateral GE (LGE), and a ventral one (CMMS) in which CGE-derived cells migrate to the MGE. I have characterized both streams and the already well-described caudal stream (CMS) during different stages of development and identified a series of genes expressed in the migrating cells. By inactivating COUP-TFI and/or COUP-TFII in the developing INs, these streams together with their molecular marker expression are perturbed. As a consequence, adult mutant mice have an altered distribution of interneuron subpopulations, particularly the ones derived from the CGE. Taken together, my study identified and characterized two novel CGE-derived interneuron migratory routes to the cortex and showed that COUP-TFs contribute in modulating these paths
Wilmet, Baptiste. "Analyses des dysfonctions neuronales d’un modèle murin de Paraplégie Spastique Héréditaire." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEP045.
Повний текст джерелаHereditary Spastic Paraplegia is a group of Motor Neuron Disease characterized by the degeneration of cortico-spinal tract leading to a progressive spasticity and paralysis of lower limbs sometimes associated with cognitive deficits. Mutations in SPG11 gene coding for Spatacsin are a major cause of these complex forms. For a better understanding of SPG11-related HSP mechanisms, our team generated a Knock-Out mouse model (spg11-/-) mimicking the cognitive and motor deficits correlated with histological alterations (J.Branchu & al.; 2017). As motor impairments precede the first neuronal losses, we hypothesized that there may exist some neuronal dysfunctions primary to neuronal death observable with electrophysiological methods. In Vivo EEG recordings of spg11-/- motor cortex highlighted the emergence of spike and wave discharges events (SWD), occurring before the cortical NeuN+ cells loss and suggesting a disturbance of excitability of cortical networks. No propagation to thalamus was found, but these SWLD seems to response in a dose dependent manner to pro and anti-Absence Epilepsy drugs. With our IHC experiments, we didn’t observe any change in GABAergic interneurons number, suggesting no change in cortical inhibition mediated by interneurons. Ex vivo Electrophysiological recordings of adult spg11-/- hippocampi displayed reduced short and long-term potentiation, correlated with a loss of spatial and fear-related memories, suggesting an impairment in synaptic elements. We did not observe those alterations during development although there seem to be a shift from mature to immature dendritic spines. mRNA quantification couldn’t highlight any modification in epilepsy-related gene expression. However, in vitro intracellular recordings of embryonic cortical neurons revealed impairments in sodic current density and excitability in Spg11-/- neurons. Altogether, the results of these experiments will decipher the roles of Spatacsin in the pathogenesis of Motorneurons Diseases and give us a useful and non-invasive read-out for the evaluation of therapeutical assays
Fleitas, Pérez Catherine. "FLRT proteins act as guidance cues for migrating cortical interneurons." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/378646.
Повний текст джерелаL’establiment de les connectivitats neuronals a l’escorça en desenvolupament depèn de la migració i del correcte posicionament de les noves neurones que integren específicament les diferents capes corticals. Les proteïnes transmembrana riques en fibronectina i leucina (FLRT) han estat identificades com a nous reguladors de diversos aspectes en el desenvolupament del sistema nerviós, incloent la migració neuronal. El present treball de tesi està centrat en l’estudi in vivo de la implicació dels FLRTs en la migració tangencial de les interneurones. Amb aquest propòsit, hem analitzat animals knockout de FLRT2 i FLRT3, específics de sistema nerviós, com a mutants simples i també, com a dobles mutants. La supressió simultània de FLRT2 i FLRT3, produeix diversos defectes relacionats amb la migració de les interneurones. Finalment, es van abordar els mecanismes intracel•lulars implicats en la funció de FLRT, descrivint la relació entre FLRT3 i RhoGTPase Rnd3. Això suggereix una interacció funcional entre els FLRTs i els Rnds en el sistema nerviós.
El establecimiento de las conectividad neuronal comienza durante el desarrollo y depende de la migración neuronal y del correcto posicionamiento de las nuevas neuronas, las cuales se integran dentro de capas específicas de la corteza. Las proteínas transmembrana ricas en fibronectina y leucina (FLRT) han evolucionado como nuevos reguladores de varios aspectos durante el desarrollo del sistema nervioso, incluyendo la migración neuronal. Este trabajo se centra en el estudio de la implicación in vivo de FLRTs en la migración tangencial de las interneuronas. Para ello, hemos analizado animales knockout (KO) específicos del sistema nervioso para FLRT2 y FLRT3, simples mutantes y dobles KOs (DKO). La supresión simultánea de FLRT2 y FLRT3, resultó en la aparición de varios defectos relacionados con la migración de las interneuronas. Por último, se abordaron los mecanismos intracelulares implicados en la función de FLRT y se evaluó la relación entre FLRT3 y Rho GTPase Rnd3. Los resultados sugieren una posible interacción funcional entre FLRTs y Rnds en este sistema.
Leclech, Claire. "Etude de l'influence de la topographie du microenvironnement sur la migration des interneurones corticaux par l'utilisation de substrats microstructurés." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS245/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the developing brain, cortical interneurons undergo a long distance migration to reach the cortex where they integrate into cortical networks and regulate their activity in the adult. Different chemical factors have been involved in the guidance of these cells, but the influence of the physical parameters of the environment in which they navigate remains unclear. It has been shown that topographical cues are able to influence and guide the migration of several cell types, a process called contact guidance. This work therefore aimed at testing and understanding the influence of the topography of the environment in the migration of cortical interneurons. By using an experimental system of microstructured substrates, we demonstrated for the first time the existence of contact guidance for these cells. By testing two types of micron-sized pillars, we showed that a change in the shape of the structures could greatly impact cell orientation, morphology, cytoskeleton organization and dynamic behavior. In particular, most interneurons migrating in between square pillars adopt an elongated, unbranched morphology associated with a slow and directed movement, whereas the majority of cells among round pillars exhibit a short and branched morphology associated with a dynamic but wandering movement. Overall, we show that micron-sized topography provides global spatial constraints promoting the establishment of different morphological and migratory states in vitro, highlighting the potential importance of these types of cues in vivo
Skowronski-Lutz, Ethan M. (Ethan Mikael). "Interneuron networks and cortical dynamics : emulated whisking drives SOM interneurons in the ketamine anesthetized mouse SI neocortex." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/95858.
Повний текст джерелаCataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
In the core of this thesis I test and confirm the hypothesis that separate classes of interneurons respond differentially to sensory stimulation independent of volitional or other top-down control on the part of the animal. I also test and confirm the hypothesis that, based only on bottom-up sensory stimulation the activity of two major classes of interneurons (adapting Parvalbumin positive and facilitating Somatostatin positive interneurons) predominates during different phases of what corresponds to natural sensing cycles in a behaving rodent. These questions are addressed using an in vivo mouse model with intrinsically fluorescent, but differentiable, interneuron populations combined with 2-photon imaging, Ca²+-sensitive dyes. Anesthesia and electrical control of facial muscles allowed for naturalistic stimulation without the confounds presented by volitional whisking and unknown top-down or behavioral states. Additional chapters in this thesis focus on ancillary work related to computational modeling of neural systems and systems' level perspectives on maturation and disease.
by Ethan M. Skowronski-Lutz.
Ph. D.
Courtin, Julien. "Role of cortical parvalbumin interneurons in fear behaviour." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22045/document.
Повний текст джерелаLearning and memory processes are controlled by specific neuronal circuits and elements. Numerous recent reports highlighted the important role of cortical circuits in the regulation of fear behaviour, however, the anatomical and functional characteristics of their neuronal components remain largely unknown. During my thesis, we used single unit recordings and optogenetic manipulations of specific neuronal elements in behaving mice, to show that both the auditory cortex and the medial prefrontal cortex contain a disinhibitory microcircuit required respectively for the acquisition and the expression of conditioned fear memory. In both cases, parvalbumin-expressing interneurons constitute the central element of the circuit and are phasically inhibited during the presentation of the conditioned tone. From a functional point of view, we demonstrated that this inhibition induced the disinhibition of cortical pyramidal neurons by releasing the ongoing perisomatic inhibition mediated by parvalbumin-expressing interneurons onto pyramidal neurons. Thereby, this disinhibition allows the precise temporal regulation of pyramidal neurons excitability. In particular, we showed that the acquisition of associative fear memories depend on the recruitment of a disinhibitory microcircuit in the auditory cortex. Fear-conditioning-associated disinhibition in auditory cortex is driven by foot-shock-mediated inhibition of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Importantly, pharmacological or optogenetic blockade of pyramidal neuron disinhibition abolishes fear learning. Together, these data suggest that disinhibition is an important mechanism underlying learning and information processing in cortical circuits. Secondly, in the medial prefrontal cortex, we demonstrated that expression of fear behaviour is causally related to the phasic inhibition of prefrontal parvalbumin-expressing interneurons. Inhibition of parvalbumin-expressing interneuron activity disinhibits prefrontal pyramidal neurons and synchronizes their firing by resetting local theta oscillations, leading to fear expression. These results identify two complementary neuronal mechanisms both mediated by prefrontal parvalbumin-expressing interneurons that precisely coordinate and enhance the neuronal efficiency of prefrontal pyramidal neurons to drive fear expression. Together these data highlighted the important role played by neuronal disinhibition in fear behaviour by binding behavioural relevant information, selecting specific circuit elements and orchestrating pyramidal neurons activity
Chang, Melissa McKenzie. "Secreted factors FGF and WNT in cortical interneuron specification." Thesis, New York University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3665119.
Повний текст джерелаCortical Interneurons are an incredibly diverse population of locally connecting GABAergic inhibitory neurons. In rodents, cortical interneurons originate from the ventral telencephalon during embryogenesis, and migrate tangentially into the neocortex following their specification. Despite our understanding of the early patterning of the telencephalon, established through sonic hedgehog (SHH), fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, and wingless-int (WNT) we still know very little about the downstream effectors responsible for establishing interneuron diversity. This work has aimed to elucidate the role of secreted morphogens in interneuron specification, specifically FGF and WNT.
I began by investigating the role of FGF signaling in the specification of cortical interneurons by targeting downstream effectors, a critical adaptor protein, and receptors for FGF signaling. In particular, I examined the role of two candidate transcription factors classically found downstream of FGF: Ets1 and Ets2. Previously identified by microarray as enriched in cortical interneurons at developmental timepoints, Ets1 and Ets2 single and double mutants had no obvious defects in interneuron specification as assessed by immunohistochemistry. Using both forebrain and interneuron specific Cre recombinase drivers, I also generated conditional knockouts of the adaptor protein FRS2α, which is critical for FGF signaling through the MAP kinase and PI3 kinase signaling pathways (Hadari et al, 2001). Interestingly, pan-forebrain loss of FRS2α, failed to replicate the phenotype of forebrain removal of FGF receptors 1, 2 and 3. Similarly, interneuron specific removal of FRS2α, did not affect interneuron migration or fate. Additionally, through a complex set of genetic crosses, I generated an interneuron specific triple knockout of FGFRs 1, 2, and 3; this animal also did not exhibit any gross interneuron specification defects. These results together suggest that the development of cortical interneurons is likely not regulated by FGF signaling, at least not after their initial specification.
Previous work in the developing spinal cord has shown that cell identity can be conferred by exposure to diffusible morphogen gradients. Despite previous attempts, delineation of cell types by morphogen gradient in a "spinal cord" fashion has not yet been discovered in the forebrain. We have discovered a novel rostral-caudal regionality within the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) that delineates the specification of the two main classes of cortical interneuron subtypes based on their exposure to a non-canonical WNT signaling gradient. Caudally located MGE progenitors receiving high levels of WNT signaling give rise to cortical interneurons labeled by somatostatin (SST). Parvalbumin (PV) expressing basket cells, in contrast, originate primarily from the most rostral region of the MGE, and do not signal highly through WNT pathways. Interestingly, canonical WNT signaling through β-catenin is not required for this process. WNT signals transmitted via cleavage of the intracellular domain of the non-canonical WNT receptor RYK, however, are sufficient to drive interneuron progenitors to a SST fate.
Dupper, Amy Contole. "Altered cortical calbindin-immunoreactive interneuron populations associated with schizophrenia." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1381416068.
Повний текст джерелаJin, Xiaoming. "Dendritic development of GABAergic cortical interneurons revealed by biolistic transfection with GFP." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2626.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 218 p. : ill. (some col.). Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
Leclerq, Pascale. "Quantitative post-mortem study of cortical interneurons in chronic schizophrenia." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300445.
Повний текст джерелаAlbieri, Giorgia. "The role of fast-spiking interneurons in cortical map plasticity." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-fastspiking-interneurons-in-cortical-map-plasticity(3d7b76ff-1833-4147-addd-6f24accbd6cc).html.
Повний текст джерелаRubin, A. "Origin and specification of cortical interneurons in the mouse subpallium." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1388463/.
Повний текст джерелаBorkowska, Malgorzata. "Role of mouse Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 in cortical interneuron development." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/15907.
Повний текст джерелаKameda, Hiroshi. "Parvalbumin-producing cortical interneurons receive inhibitory inputs on proximal portions and cortical excitatory inputs on distal dendrites." Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/157466.
Повний текст джерелаChabbert, Dorian. "Conséquences de la délétion conditionnelle du gène Tshz3 dans la circuiterie cortico-striée : implications dans les troubles du spectre autistique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0207.
Повний текст джерелаThe zinc-finger transcription factor TSHZ3 is highly expressed by cortical projection neurons (PNs) from embryonic stages to adulthood, including layer V pyramidal neurons that project to the striatum. There, TSHZ3 is expressed by cholinergic interneurons (CINs) but not by the main targets of PNs, i.e. the medium spiny neurons. Interestingly, recent evidences link heterozygous TSHZ3/Tshz3 gene deletion to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to corticostrial circuitry dysfunction (Caubit et al., Nat Genet 2016). In order to provide further insights on the role of Tshz3 in the corticostriatal circuitry, we have characterized two conditional KO mouse models in which its expression is lost either in projection neurons at early postnatal stage (Tshz3-pnCxKO) or in cholinergic cells beginning at embryonic stage (Tshz3-ChATCre). In Tshz3-pnCxKO mice, we confirmed that Tshz3 expression is lost in glutamatergic PNs without altering their number. Our electrophysiological study revealed that layer V PNs are less excitable and that glutamate release probability from their afferents is decreased. We also found dramatic changes of both corticostriatal synaptic transmission and plasticity. In ChAT-Cre mice, we found that Tshz3 is expressed in the striatum by almost 100% of CINs, while it is little or no expressed in the other cholinergic nuclei of the brain. Interestingly, the loss of Tshz3 impacts the spontaneous firing pattern of a subpopulation of CINs without altering their number. These functional changes suggest that TSHZ3 plays a key role in PNs, corticostriatal pathway and CINs development, supporting its implication in ASD
Hernandez-Miranda, L. R. "Role of Robo1 receptor in semaphorin signalling system and cortical interneuron migration." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/20458/.
Повний текст джерелаKalaitzidou, M. "The role of SATB1 in medial ganglionic eminence-derived cortical interneuron differentiation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1417506/.
Повний текст джерелаDevienne, Gabrielle. "Contrôle du réseau périneuronal par l’activité des interneurones à décharge rapide exprimant la parvalbumine." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS474.
Повний текст джерелаThe closure of the highly plastic period, called critical period, is concomitant with the accumulation of a specialized extracellular matrix, the perineuronal net (PNN), around fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons that express parvalbumin (FS-PV). The PNN limits the plasticity of cortical maps in the adult, and its enzymatic digestion allows the reopening of cortical maps plasticity. The specific inhibition of FS-PV interneurons, reinstates high cortical plasticity, which may be linked to changes in the PNN. To date, the link between FS-PV cell activity and the regulation of PNN density in the adult remains unexplored. My thesis project aims to determine (i) what are the effects of the manipulation of FS-PV activity on PNN density in the primary visual cortex of adult mice and (ii) if FS-PV interneurons express keys proteins to remodel the PNN. We found that targeted chemogenetic inhibition of FS-PV interneurons or of neighboring pyramidal cells strongly reduces the PNN in adult mice. Overexcitation of the network does not affect the PNN. These results combined with electrophysiological characterization performed using patch-clamp or using EEG recordings, show that network disinhibition is not the trigger of PNN regression. Interestingly, our results suggest that each FS-PV cells is able to regulate its own PNN supported by our results of the expression pattern of PNN-related genes found in FS-PV interneurons. To conclude, our results show that a decrease of FS-PV cells activity, directly or through inhibition of nearby pyramidal cells, reduces PNN density in the adult. These results are innovative and deepen our understanding of PNN regulation mechanisms in adults
Hofacer, Rylon D. "A Tale of Two Cell Populations: Anesthetic Effects on Immature Dentate Granule Cells and Cortical Interneurons." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1491561814934545.
Повний текст джерелаBellion, Arnaud. "Régionalisation du cortex cérébral et mode de migration des interneurones corticaux." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066390.
Повний текст джерелаHay, Audrey. "Réponses des circuits corticaux aux afférences sous-corticales impliquées dans les états de vigilance." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066412/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring my PhD, I investigated how three structures involved in the modulation of arousal states act on the dynamic of the cortical network. Nuclei of the non-specific thalamus convey information on environmental and behavioral context, whereas specific nuclei relay sensory information to the neocortex. These sensory inputs activate strongly the fast-spiking interneurons of the neocortex that limits response duration of the network. Conversely, I showed that contextual inputs target mainly the slow adapting interneurons allowing a long-lasting activation of the cortical network. I have also been interesting in the layer VIb of the neocortex whose neurons are sensitive to orexin and acetylcholine, two main modulators of the arousal states. I showed that layer VIb projects mainly onto infragranular cortical layers where its activation should act as an orexin-dependent amplifier of the non-specific thalamic inputs. Finally, I tried to decipher whether the endogenous nicotinic transmission is mediated by a synapse or by volume transmission. To do that, I compared nicotinic currents received by layer I interneurons and layer VI pyramidal cells. I showed that nicotinic transmission is likely to be mediated by a mixed synapse comprising α4β2 and α7 receptors in layer I and a simple α4β2 containing synapse in layer VI. These synapses are activated by a phasic stimulation of the cholinergic fibers. However, my results also suggest that a tonic activation of these fibers recruits extra-synaptic α4β2 receptors in both layer I and VI neurons
Baudoin, Jean-Pierre. "Rôle des microtubules et de l'acto-myosine dans la migration des interneurones corticaux." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811604.
Повний текст джерелаMassi, Léma. "Spike-timing of GABAergic interneurons in the medial prefrontal cortex during cortical and hippocampal networks oscillations in vivo." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669948.
Повний текст джерелаBarber, M. "The roles of the Robo2 and Robo3 receptors in the development of cortical interneurons and Cajal-Retzius cells." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/15804/.
Повний текст джерелаAllene, Camille. "Structure-fonction des patrons d'activité séquentiels des réseaux corticaux au cours du développement postnatal chez le rongeur." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX22120/document.
Повний текст джерелаDeveloping cerebral structures generate spontaneous synchronous neuronal activity patterns which are sequencially express during the first postnatal week in rodent. Does this sequence of activity pattens participate in process of neuronal network maturation ? We follow the dynamic of network activity using biphoton calcium imaging and electrophysiological recordings of targeted neurons. We describe the sequence of activity pattern in developing neocortex the we show that the first activity pattern of this sequence, the SPA, common to hippocampus and neocortex, has specific morpho-physiological properties, different from the ones of the next activity pattern : the GDPs. Moreover, the majority of SPA cells integrate the synaptic network of GDPs in few days. These results bring direct evidences that sequential activity patterns during development participate in the neuronal network maturation
Viou, Lucie. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires de la migration des interneurones corticaux : contribution de la protéine PAK3." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066784.
Повний текст джерелаIt is estimated that 2-3% of the population suffers from mental retardation (MR), i. E. Cognitive defects associated with a functional abnormality of cortical circuits. These deficits may also result from subtle defects in the organization of cortical circuits. During embryonic development, the inhibitory cortical interneurons migrate long distances before positioning in the cortex where they regulate the cortical activity. In humans, mutations in PAK3 corresponding to a loss of function of the protein are associated with MR. Now, PAK3 is a member of the family "p21- Activated Kinase" Group I whose expression is regulated in cortical interneurons as they migrate to the cortex. We therefore analyzed the migratory properties of cortical interneurons in the cortex expressing mutant forms of the protein PAK3. We have shown that mutations in PAK3 alter the morphology and dynamic properties of those neurons in the cortex. Their trajectories in the embryonic cortex are disrupted. MR mutations affect the capability of cortical interneurons to stabilize their migration extension in a particular direction while a constitutively active mutant of PAK3 induces an abnormal stabilization of migratory processes in a radial orientation. In humans, structural and/or functional defects of primary cilia are often associated with MR. Parallel to the PAK3 study, we have looked for the function of primary cilia in cortical interneurons migration, especially in the positioning of these cells in the cortex. We have shown that the primary cilium transmitted signals that promote exit away from tangential migration flows and reorientation towards the cortical plate of migrating cortical interneurons
Aiello, Kiara [Verfasser], Jürgen [Akademischer Betreuer] Bolz, Dominique [Akademischer Betreuer] Bagnard, and Valerie [Akademischer Betreuer] Castellani. "Semaphorin 3C guides MGE-derived cortical interneurons through the basal telencephalon / Kiara Aiello. Gutachter: Jürgen Bolz ; Dominique Bagnard ; Valerie Castellani." Jena : Thüringer Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Jena, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1069532401/34.
Повний текст джерелаTaki, Kosuke. "A group of cortical interneurons expressing μ-opioid receptor-like immunoreactivity : A double immunofluorescence study in the rat cerebral cortex". Kyoto University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/148744.
Повний текст джерелаHusson, Zoé. "Glycinergic neurons and inhibitory transmission in the cerebellar nuclei." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066279/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe cerebellum is composed of a three-layered cortex and of nuclei and is responsible for the learned fine control of posture and movements. I combined a genetic approach (based on the use of transgenic mouse lines) with anatomical tracings, immunohistochemical stainings, electrophysiological recordings and optogenetic stimulations to establish the distinctive characteristics of the inhibitory neurons of the cerebellar nuclei and to detail their connectivity and their role in the cerebellar circuitry.We showed that the glycinergic inhibitory neurons of the cerebellar nuclei constitute a distinct neuronal population and are characterized by their mixed inhibitory GABAergic/glycinergic phenotype. Those inhibitory neurons are also distinguished by their axonal plexus which includes a local arborization with the cerebellar nuclei where they contact principal output neurons and a projection to the granular layer of the cerebellar cortex where they end onto Golgi cells dendrites. Finally, the inhibitory neurons of the cerebellar nuclei receive inhibitory afferents from Purkinje cells and may be contacted by mossy fibers or climbing fibers.We provided the first evidence of functional mixed transmission in the cerebellar nuclei and the first demonstration of a mixed inhibitory nucleo-cortical projection. Overall, our data establish the inhibitory neurons as the third cellular component of the cerebellar nuclei. Their importance in the modular organization of the cerebellum and their impact on sensory-motor integration need to be confirmed by optogenetic experiments in vivo
Butler, Corwin R. "Effects of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Inhibition on Circuitry Changes in the Dentate Gyrus of Mice after Focal Brain Injury." UKnowledge, 2016. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/physiology_etds/27.
Повний текст джерелаGiboin, Louis Solal. "Contrôle cortico-spinal à partir des aires motrices et pré-motrices impliquant le système propriospinal cervical chez l'Homme." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066395.
Повний текст джерелаThe C3-C4 propriospinal neurons, located at the C3-C4 spinal levels, has excitatory and inhibitory connections to arm motoneurons. They receive descending and peripheral inputs, communicate with multiple spinal interneurons and send an efferent copy to the cerebellum. The excitatory propriospinal neurons are under the control of spinal inhibitory interneurons. The propriospinal neurons could assist the motor command displayed by suprasegmental structures and could also assist the beginning and the ending of movement. Behavior studies in animals, have shown that reaching movement and precision grip are influenced by this system. The aim of this thesis is to confirm the function of the propriospinal system into arm motor command transmission in human. This work has been divided in two parts. In the first part, we have studied in human the effects of an activation of the propriospinal system on the wrist flexor (FCR) muscle contraction during reach to grasp and reach to point. In order to see the effect of the propriospinal neurons on muscular contraction during different tasks, propriospinal neurons were activated with transcranial magnetic stimulations (TMS) and ulnar nerve electrical stimulation. We have shown that FCR muscular contraction was facilitated during reach to grasp but not during reach to point. We have also shown that during reach to grasp, the reaching phase was facilitated by propriospinal neurons, but not the grasping phase. By increasing the intensity of the median nerve stimulation, propriospinal facilitation disappeared. We hypothesized that this difference in propriospinal facilitation between the different tasks and movement phases, originated from a difference of propriosceptive feedbacks and descending inputs. We have also suggested that propriospinal neurons control was different depending on whether the task is static (feedback inhibition removal) or dynamic (reinforcement of the descending inputs on propriospinal neurons). We suggest that the propriospinal system could assist dexterity by stabilizing the arm. In the second part, we have shown that inhibitor propriospinal neurons and ventral premotor cortex (vPM) or primary motor cortex (M1) interact. We made descending and peripheral volleys to converge on the inhibitor propriospinal neurons by using TMS and median nerve electrical stimulation. According to our results, there is an interaction between inhibitor propriospinal neurons and the vPM but not between propriospinal neurons and M1. This interaction may imply cortico-spinal inputs from vPM or by passing through M1. Thus, we have inhibited transitorily M1 synaptic transmissions by using paired continuous theta burst while testing interaction between inhibitor propriospinal neurons and vPM. Preliminary data have shown that despite inhibition of M1, interaction between vPM and inhibitor propriospinal neurons still exists : it might be that cortico-spinal inputs projects (directly or not) from vPM onto inhibitor propriospinal neurons
Iglesias, Caroline. "Interactions entre la commande motrice descendante et les afférences proprioceptives et cutanées sur les interneurones spinaux au cours du mouvement chez l'homme." Paris 6, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA066053.
Повний текст джерелаAligny, Caroline. "Mise en place des interneurones GABAergiques corticaux : impact d'antagonistes du récepteur NMDA et de modulateurs de l'autophagie." Rouen, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ROUES021.
Повний текст джерелаNarboux-Nême, Nicolas. "Initiation de la corticogenèse et identité d' aire au cours du développement du cortex cérébral chez la souris." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077114.
Повний текст джерелаFino, Elodie. "Transmission et plasticité activité-dépendante au niveau des synapses cortico-striatales." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00811483.
Повний текст джерелаGiboin, Louis-Solal. "Contrôle cortico-spinal à partir des aires motrices et pré-motrices impliquant le système propriospinal cervical chez l'Homme." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00829414.
Повний текст джерелаHays, Kimberly Lynne. "Neocortical Interneuron Subtypes Show an Altered Distribution in a Rat Model of Maldevelopment Associated With Epileptiform Activity." VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd_retro/31.
Повний текст джерелаGenescu, Ioana. "L'assemblage de la couche 1 du néocortex : rôles des cellules de Cajal-Retzius." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPSLE007.
Повний текст джерелаThe cerebral cortex controls complex functions like sensory perception, motor behavior or cognition via highly organized circuits. These circuits develop in the embryo and miswirings are linked to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders like Autism Spectrum Disorder or Schizophrenia. The most superficial layer of the cortex, layer 1 (L1), is playing a central role in brain function. It enables the integration of inputs from the periphery with internal stimuli, shaping our perception. Although there is increasing evidence that L1 plays important roles in sensory integration, there is limited knowledge about its formation. L1 wiring is regulated by the density of transient inhabitants, the Cajal-Retzius cells, a population of cortical neurons, which shape underlying cortical circuits. However, how CRc density and elimination are regulated and whether CRc are key for cortical wiring remained to be deciphered. Here, we have shown show that i) the density of CRc is tightly maintained during development and is not impacted by early sensory activity, ii) the elimination of subsets of CRc is activity dependent and iii) impairments in both density and death of CRc have long lasting consequences on the wiring of the underlying circuits. This work provides a better understanding of the roles of a transient neuronal population in regulating the wiring of an essential but understudied layer of the neocortex. This is instrumental in understanding how CRc sustain neocortex construction in physiological conditions, and how they could contribute to miswirings leading to different neurodevelopmental disorders
Chipaux, Mathilde. "Propriétés fonctionnelles des réseaux et des neurones corticaux chez l'homme et l'animal atteints d'épilepsie-absence : études électrophysiologiques in vivo." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00828262.
Повний текст джерелаRudiger, Philipp John Frederic. "Development and encoding of visual statistics in the primary visual cortex." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25469.
Повний текст джерелаMartins, Merino Ricardo [Verfasser], Fred [Akademischer Betreuer] [Gutachter] Wolf, Walter [Gutachter] Stühmer, Andreas [Gutachter] Neef, Jochen [Gutachter] Staiger, Siegrid [Gutachter] Löwel, and Oliver [Gutachter] Schlüter. "Determination of the Dynamic Gain Function of Cortical Interneurons with distinct Electrical Types / Ricardo Martins Merino ; Gutachter: Fred Wolf, Walter Stühmer, Andreas Neef, Jochen Staiger, Siegrid Löwel, Oliver Schlüter ; Betreuer: Fred Wolf." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1130868303/34.
Повний текст джерелаDelchmann, Jürgen. "Elektrophysiologische Charakterisierung GABA-Rezeptoren vermittelter Inhibition an Martinotti-Zellen im somatosensorischen Kortex." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002E-E320-3.
Повний текст джерелаGallerani, Nicholas Edmund. "The spatial distribution of cortical interneurons: the role of clustered protocadherins." Thesis, 2021. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-nbyk-3y33.
Повний текст джерелаFertuzinhos, Sofia Maria Matos da Silva. "Origin and differentiation of cortical onhibitory interneurons in the developing human forebrain." Doctoral thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/13887.
Повний текст джерелаMartins, Merino Ricardo. "Determination of the Dynamic Gain Function of Cortical Interneurons with distinct Electrical Types." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E24-0.
Повний текст джерелаCharron-Ligez, François. "Rôles de Trio dans la migration des interneurones GABAergiques corticaux." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20478.
Повний текст джерелаPrönneke, Alvar. "Untangling neuronal diversity: a quantitative electrophysiological and morphological characterization of VIP expressing interneurons." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3DE1-C.
Повний текст джерелаZhou, Xiaojuan. "Ultrastructural Characterization of The Output of VIP Expressing Interneurons in Mouse Barrel Cortex." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3F68-E.
Повний текст джерелаMarcoux, Lydia. "Investigation du rôle de Myo9b dans la migration des interneurones GABAergiques corticaux." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13860.
Повний текст джерелаEpileptic encephalopathies are early-onset diseases characterized by refractory epilepsy with developmental delay. To identify the underlying genetic cause of these disorders, Dr Rossignol’s laboratory has performed whole-exome sequencing in children with sporadic epileptic encephalopathies. They have identified a novel de novo mutation in the MYO9B gene in one patient. Myo9b is known to regulate cell migration in the immune system and in cancer cells. It is expressed in the developing rodent brain, but its roles during brain development are largely unknown. Recent evidence suggests that epilepsy can be caused by an imbalance between inhibition and excitation in cortical circuits. Indeed, defects in the development or the functions of cortical GABAergic interneurons (INs) have been associated with epilepsy in human and in mouse models. Therefore, we postulated that Myo9b might play a role in the development of INs. In this thesis, I show that Myo9b is expressed in INs from early embryonic ages to post-natal ages. Furthermore, I demonstrate that the ex vivo downregulation of Myo9b in INs in cortical embryonic organotypic cultures causes morphological defects in migrating INs, including aberrant polarization of these cells. These morphological changes might result in aberrant IN migration, which would be expected to perturb the cortical inhibitory-excitatory ratio.
Baho, Elie. "Mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans le développement des synapses GABAergiques périsomatiques et dans la plasticité corticale : rôle de l’activité neuronale et de proBDNF/p75NTR." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13603.
Повний текст джерелаCortical GABAergic basket cells (BC) innervate hundreds of postsynaptic targets with synapses clustered around the soma and proximal dendrites. They are important for gamma oscillation generation, which in turn regulate many cognitive functions, and for the regulation of developmental cortical plasticity. Although the function of BC within cortical networks is being explored, the mechanisms that control the development of their extensive arborisation and synaptic contacts have not been entirely resolved. By using the Drosophila allatostatin G-protein-coupled receptors (AlstR), we show that reducing excitation, and thus neurotransmitter release, in mouse cortical single BC in slice cultures decreases the number of innervated cells without changing the pattern of perisomatic innervation, both at the peak and after the proliferation phase of perisomatic synapse formation. Conversely, suppressing neurotransmitter release in single BCs by using the tetanus toxin light-chain can have completely opposite effects depending on the developmental stage. Basket cells expressing TeNT-Lc during the peak of the proliferation were characterized by denser axonal arbors and an increased number of smaller, homogenous boutons around the innervated somatas compared with control cells. However, after the peak of the synapse proliferation, TeNT-Lc transfected BCs formed perisomatic innervation with fewer terminal axon branches and fewer irregular-sized boutons around innervated somatas. Our results reveal a remarkably specific and age-dependent role of neural activity and neurotransmission levels in the establishment of the synaptic territory of cortical GABAergic cells. Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been shown to be a strong modulator of activity-dependent-maturation of GABAergic synapses. Through the activation and signaling of their receptor Tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), mBDNF binding strongly modulates the proliferation of GABAergic perisomatic synapses formed by BCs. Whether the low-affinity neurotrophin-receptor p75NTR also play a role in the development of basket cell synaptic territory is unknown. Here, we show that single-cell deletion of p75NTR in BCs in cortical organotypic cultures from p75NTRlox mice induce the formation of exuberant perisomatic innervations by the mutant basket cells, in a cell-autonomous fashion. BDNF is synthesized as a precursor, proBDNF, which is cleaved by enzymes, including tPA-activated plasmin, to produce mature (m)BDNF. mBDNF and proBDNF bind with high-affinity to TrkB and p75NTR, respectively. Our results show that treating organotypic cultures with cleavage-resistant proBDNF (mut-proBDNF) strongly reduces the synaptic territory of BCs. Treating cultures with the tPA-inactivating peptide PPACK or with tPA impairs and promotes the maturation of BC synaptic innervations, respectively. We further show that the exuberant innervations formed by p75NTR-/- basket cells are not affected by mut-proBDNF treatment. All together, these results suggest that proBDNF-mediated p75NTR activation negatively regulates the synaptic territory of BCs. We next examined if mut-proBDNF affects perisomatic innervation formed by BCs in vivo, in the adult mouse. We found that perisomatic GABAergic boutons are significantly decreased in the cortex infused with mut-proBDNF as compared to non-infused or saline-treated hemispheres. Further, ocular dominance (OD) plasticity is restored by this treatment in adult mice. Finally, we found that proBDNF-mediated activation of p75NTR is necessary to induce OD plasticity in the adult mice, by using mice that lack p75NTR specifically in BCs. All together, these results demonstrate a critical role of p75NTR activation in regulating and maintaining GABAeric circuit connectivity from early postnatal development to adulthood. Further, we suggest that controlled activation of p75NTR could be a useful tool to restore plasticity in adult cortex.