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Статті в журналах з теми "Internationalised criminal justice"
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Olusanya, Olaoluwa. "The Statute of the Iraqi Special Tribunal for Crimes Against Humanity– Progressive or Regressive?" German Law Journal 5, no. 7 (July 1, 2004): 859–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s207183220001289x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The global effort to establish an effective system of international justice is at an important phase in its history. After close to 50 years of relative stagnation following the Nuremberg trials at the end of World War II, the field of international criminal law has been revitalised. The establishment of the International Criminal Court, the ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and for Rwanda, “hybrid” or “internationalised” processes such as the Special Court in Sierra Leone, and national criminal justice systems exercising universal jurisdiction, have all lent substance and credibility to the assertion that the most grievous human rights crimes are subject to international scrutiny and legal action.
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Sriram, Chandra Lekha, Olga Martin-Ortega, and Johanna Herman. "Justice delayed? Internationalised criminal tribunals and peace-building in Lebanon, Bosnia and Cambodia." Conflict, Security & Development 11, no. 3 (July 2011): 335–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14678802.2011.593811.
Повний текст джерела
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Christensen, Mikkel Jarle, and Astrid Kjeldgaard-Pedersen. "Competing Perceptions of Hybrid Justice: International v. National in the Extraordinary Chambers of the Courts of Cambodia." International Criminal Law Review 18, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 127–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718123-01801007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Mixing insights from critical sociology and legal scholarship, this article analyses the diverging professional interests at play in the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (eccc) and examines how they affect the Chambers’ application of the law. The article shows that judicial interpretation in the eccc is influenced by two non-legal factors. One is the overall shared interest of the competing groups of professionals occupying the Chambers that the Khmer Rouge leaders are tried before an internationalised rather than purely a domestic court. The other is the profound power battle between the international and the national constituents of the eccc. In a broader context, the findings of the article point to a fundamental divide between an international market of criminal lawyers promoting a very specific idea of international criminal justice and the local context this market purports to cater to.
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Schomburg, Wolfgang, Anna Oehmichen, and Katrin Kayß. "Human rights and the rule of law in judicial cooperation in criminal matters under the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement." New Journal of European Criminal Law 12, no. 2 (March 3, 2021): 246–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2032284421995933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As human rights have increasingly gained importance at the European Union level, this article examines the remaining scope of human rights protection under the EU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement. While some international human rights instruments remain applicable, the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union did not become part of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement (TCA). The consequences, especially the inapplicability of the internationalised ne bis in idem principle, are analysed. Furthermore, the conditionality of the TCA in general as well as the specific conditionality for judicial cooperation in criminal matters are discussed. In this context, the risk that cooperation may cease at any moment if any Member State or the UK leave the European Convention of Human Rights is highlighted. Lastly, the authors raise the problem of the lack of judicial review, as the Court of Justice of the European Union is no longer competent.
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KASTNER, PHILIPP. "Transitional Justice + Cyberjustice = Justice2?" Leiden Journal of International Law 30, no. 3 (April 3, 2017): 753–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s092215651700019x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThe increased use of information and communication technologies arguably represents important opportunities for the field of transitional justice, notably with respect to the optimization of existing mechanisms and the development of new ones. This article focuses on state-based and typically very formal mechanisms, namely international, internationalized and national criminal tribunals as well as truth and reconciliation commissions. These institutions often apply and engage with international law and operate with the involvement or under the close scrutiny of the international community. Moreover, they can be expected to be the first ones to embrace insights from the field of cyberjustice to a significant extent.Enhancing access to and participation in such mechanisms, rendering them more cost-efficient and facilitating information-sharing would correspond to generally accepted norms relating to both international human rights and justice. However, cyberjustice initiatives may also entrench an already common ‘toolkit approach’ in the field of transitional justice. This article builds on recent critiques of the dominant legalistic and normatively driven transitional justice paradigm and argues that transitional justice + cyberjustice hence risks furthering a technocratic top-down approach that unduly limits creative solutions. By adopting a critical legal-pluralistic approach that conceives individuals as law-creative actors and that is cognizant of the close relationship between means and ends, the article imagines ways of benefiting from the promises of transitional justice + cyberjustice.
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Geiß, Robin, and Noëmie Bulinckx. "International and internationalized criminal tribunals: a synopsis." International Review of the Red Cross 88, no. 861 (March 2006): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s181638310600004x.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The proliferation of judicial bodies is of particular prevalence in the field of international criminal law, where, despite the creation of an operational International Criminal Court, the political or factual exigencies of different situations have led to the establishment of specific criminal justice systems. The object of this synopsis is to study their variety and to sketch out the differences and similarities between existing international and internationalized criminal tribunals. The complexity and the sheer illimitable amount of information necessitated a condensed and synthesized visualization.
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Christensen, Mikkel Jarle. "Legal Mobilization and the Internationalization of Anticorruption Enforcement." Laws 10, no. 4 (November 18, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/laws10040089.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This article contributes a critical study of efforts to internationalize the investigation and prosecution of corruption. The efforts to internationalize anticorruption enforcement are visible, for instance, in calls for an International Anticorruption Court (IACC) or an Anticorruption Protocol to the United Nations Convention against Corruption (APUNCAC). Inspired by a historical sociological perspective, this article investigates mobilizations around these initiatives, how mobilizers frame their engagement, and the ideological context in which they operate. In particular, the article zooms in on elites and how they push for states to internationalize the investigation and prosecution of corruption. This article situates the efforts of these elites in a larger historical context and compares the push to internationalize anticorruption enforcement to earlier legal mobilizations in the field of international criminal justice focused on atrocity crimes.
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STAHN, CARSTEN. "The Geometry of Transitional Justice: Choices of Institutional Design." Leiden Journal of International Law 18, no. 3 (October 2005): 425–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156505002827.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent years have seen a proliferation of forms of transitional justice, ranging from pure truth and reconciliation formulas to various integrated approaches, combining international or internationalized trials with alternative forms of justice. Many of these phenomena have been examined in individual case studies. However, few attempts have been made to put the various pieces of the puzzle together and to analyze the merits and pitfalls of different institutional choices of transitional justice. This essay seeks to fill this shortcoming. It looks at different institutional designs of transitional justice from a comparative and impact-based perspective. It tries to identify some of the contextual parameters which may contribute to the success or failure of specific formulas of institutional design. Moreover, this contribution seeks to establish that international and domestic models of justice are not contradictory, but interdependent forces in the process of sustainable peacemaking, in areas such as criminal trials, victim's protection and reparation. It argues that transitional justice requires pluralist and complementary approaches, combining parallel mechanisms at the domestic and the international level, in order to succeed in practice, especially after the coming into operation of the International Criminal Court.
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Jordan, Kathleen Casey. "Our “pixel”-ated planet: Using video to internationalize the criminal justice curriculum." Journal of Criminal Justice Education 7, no. 2 (November 1996): 317–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10511259600096151.
Повний текст джерела
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DEEN-RACSMÁNY, ZSUZSANNA. "Prosecutor v. Taylor: The Status of the Special Court for Sierra Leone and Its Implications for Immunity." Leiden Journal of International Law 18, no. 2 (June 2005): 299–322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156505002657.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On 31 May 2004, the Appeals Chamber of the Special Court for Sierra Leone ruled in a sweeping but brief decision that the Court had jurisdiction over Charles Ghankay Taylor, President of Liberia at the time of his indictment. The judges reached this conclusion finding that the accused could not invoke immunities ratione personae before this institution, an international criminal court. As this article demonstrates, the Chamber's argumentation lacks specificity and displays confusion over certain issues related to UN law, the law of international institutions and international immunities. The factual outcome is a welcome one, facilitating the prosecution of international crimes. Yet, the Appeals Chamber's approach is regrettable, especially if one considers that the same result could have been reached through less controversial avenues, without endangering the credibility of the Court and thereby the idea of international criminal justice through internationalized criminal courts.
Дисертації з теми "Internationalised criminal justice"
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Kassi, Brou Olivier Saint-Omer. "Francophonie et justice : contribution de l'organisation internationale de la francophonie à la construction de l'état de droit." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0327/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La justice est un attribut fondamental de l’Etat moderne. Elle assure, dans unesociété démocratique, la sauvegarde de l’édifice normatif ainsi que la protection des droitset libertés. Une justice indépendante et efficace est un symbole de l’Etat de droit. Ellerévèle la réalité de la séparation des pouvoirs et consacre le règne du droit. Maisl’efficacité de tout appareil judiciaire dépend de la nature et de l’ampleur des moyens dontil dispose. Or, dans nombre d’Etats francophones, le système judiciaire connaît denombreuses faiblesses, liées tantôt aux avatars des processus de stabilisationdémocratique, tantôt aux situations plus fragiles de sortie de crise. La question durenforcement des capacités des institutions judiciaires se trouve ainsi posée. Et c’est surcette base que l’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF) a investi, depuisune trentaine d’années, le champ de la coopération juridique et judiciaire. Ayant inscrit lapromotion de la démocratie au coeur de son action politique, la Francophonie a pris desengagements forts et développé, en s’appuyant sur ses réseaux institutionnels, desprogrammes destinés à accompagner ses Etats membres dans le renforcement descapacités de leurs systèmes de justice. Cet engagement est perceptible dans le corpusnormatif de l’Organisation. Il marque la ferme volonté des Etats francophones d’ancrerleurs relations dans un cadre de coopération, attaché à la protection des droitsfondamentaux et à la régulation des pouvoirs majoritaires. La justice est donc désormaisérigée en priorité dans le champ des préoccupations francophones. Elle y est saisie tantaux niveaux national et international que dans sa dimension transitionnelleJustice is a fundamental attribute of modern States. In a democratic society, itguarantees the safeguard of the standard-setting framework as well as the protection ofrights. An independent and effective justice is a symbol of the rule of law. It illustrates theseparation of powers and establishes the primacy of law. But the efficiency of any judicialsystem depends on the nature and the extent of the resources at its disposal. Yet, inmany Francophone countries, the judicial system faces many weaknesses, sometimesrelated to the avatars of democratic stabilisation processes, sometimes to more fragilepost-crisis situations. So the question of the capacity development of the judicialinstitutions arises. For thirty years, the International Organization of La Francophonie(OIF) has entered the legal and judicial cooperation field on this basis. By including thepromotion of democracy at the heart of its political action, the OIF has indeed made strongcommitments and developed programs aimed at accompanying its member States in thecapacity development of their justice systems, thanks to its institutional networks. Thiscommitment can be seen in several statements of the Organization. It demonstrates thewill of the Francophone States to anchor their relationships in a cooperation framework,dedicated to the protection of fundamental rights and the regulation of majorities’ powers.Today, justice is consequently established as a priority in Francophone concerns. It isentered in both national and international level and in its transitional dimension
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Bowman, Herbert D. "Not much justice : the performance of the Internationalized Criminal Courts in Kosovo, East Timor, Cambodia, and Sierra Leone." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been claimed that internationalized, or "hybrid" courts, courts which mix international and local personnel and international and domestic law, can be used to replace or complement the work of the International Criminal Court. Four such hybrid courts---courts located in Kosovo, East Timor, Cambodia and Sierra Leone, have either just completed their work or are far enough along in their operation to provide a type of "justice laboratory" to test this claim. Analysis reveals that the performance of these courts has been poor. It shows that the courts in Kosovo and East Timor were doomed to failure, that the court in Cambodia is headed in the same direction, and that only the court operating in Sierra Leone offers a possibility that something close to justice will result. The summary recommendation drawn from the analysis is that hybrid courts should only be employed where: (1) international personnel control the proceedings, (2) the legal framework of the court conforms to international standards, and (3) the sponsors of the enterprise possess a clear ability, and demonstrate a credible commitment, to try and punish those most responsible for committing gross human rights offenses.
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Vianney-Liaud, Mélanie. "La juridiction internationalisée des chambres extraordinaires au sein des tribunaux cambodgiens." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0477.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Créées en 2003, et lancées en 2006, afin de juger ces crimes, les Chambres extraordinaires au sein des tribunaux cambodgiens (CETC) sont communément placées dans la catégorie des tribunaux pénaux dits « internationalisés », composée de juridictions dont la nature mixte résulte d’une hybridation entre éléments nationaux et internationaux. A ce jour, les CETC ont condamné trois individus. Une affaire est en délibéré, une autre a fait l’objet d’un non-lieu et les instructions de trois dossiers – dont le futur est très incertain - sont en cours d’achèvement. Alors que l'activité des CETC semble sur le point de se terminer, l’objet de cette thèse est de faire le bilan de la juridiction. Après douze ans de fonctionnement, celle-ci a-t-elle atteint ses objectifs, tels que fixés par ses créateurs, à savoir juger les auteurs des graves exactions commises pendant la période des khmers rouges, à la fois, dans le respect de la souveraineté du Cambodge et dans le cadre de procédures conformes aux normes internationales de justice ? Les constatations tirées de l’évaluation des CETC sont intrinsèquement liées à leur caractère internationalisé. L’hybridité, cependant, n’est pas le seul facteur ayant joué sur le résultat observable de l’activité de la juridiction : d’autres éléments ont pesé, tout aussi déterminants (influence culturelle du Cambodge, lacunes structurelles du système judiciaire national, modalités de financement du tribunal, etc.), lesquels sont également analysés dans cette étude afin de distinguer ce qu’il convient garder de l’expérience des CETC, des écueils à éviterEstablished in 2003, and launched in 2006 to try these crimes, the Extraordinary chambers in the courts of Cambodia (ECCC) are commonly placed in the category of the so-called "internationalized" criminal courts, composed of tribunals whose mixed nature results from a hybridization between national and international elements. To date, the ECCC has sentenced three individuals. One case is under deliberation, another has been dismissed and the investigations of three cases - the future of which is very uncertain - are nearing completion. While the activity of the ECCC seems to be coming to an end, the purpose of this thesis is to make an assessment. After twelve years of operation, has the court achieved its objectives, as set by its creators, namely to bring to justice the perpetrators of the serious abuses committed during the Khmer rouge period, both in the respect of the sovereignty of Cambodia and within procedures that comply with international standards of justice? The findings from the ECCC’s assessment are intrinsically linked to its internationalized character. The hybridity, however, is not the only factor that has affected the observable result of the activity of the court: other elements have weighed, just as determining (like the cultural influence of Cambodia, the structural weaknesses of the national judicial system, the modalities of the court financing, etc.), which are also analyzed in this study to distinguish between what should be kept from the experience of the ECCC and the pitfalls to avoid
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Ouedraogo, Ahmed Sidwaouga. "Les états africains et la justice pénale internationale." Le Havre, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LEHA0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La Cour pénale internationale traduit de nos jours, fait sans précédent, l’unicité et la permanence de la justice pénale internationale. Elle a révolutionné les poursuites pénales individuelles au plan international en s’intéressant aux principaux responsables des crimes graves du droit international humanitaire et des droits de l’homme, tout en écartant les immunités officielles. . . La justice pénale internationale est dans les faits une justice expérimentale et son développement est lié à la nature évolutive des relations internationales. Les Etats bien évidemment sont au cœur du dispositif – lequel est tributaire de leur coopération, c'est-à-dire de leur bonne ou mauvaise volonté. Les Etats africains se sont particulièrement et à grande échelle, impliqués dans la création de la nouvelle institution. Et constituent actuellement le groupe régional le plus important. Mais en une dizaine d’années de fonctionnement, l’activité de la Cour semble montrer que les Etats africains en sont devenus paradoxalement, les cibles privilégiées. A tel point qu’une certaine opinion publique en leur sein, affirme que la CPI a été créée pour ces Etats. Cependant la justice pénale internationale dépasse le seul cadre judiciaire et a des répercussions sur les systèmes démocratiques des Etats-parties. En cela, elle est nécessaire à l’évolution des Etats africains en quête d’amélioration de leurs régimes politiques respectifsThe International Criminal Court is the symbol of the international criminal justice because it is the first international permanent criminal jurisdiction in the world. Furthermore, the African States represent the most important group in term of members States. However, the international criminal court prosecutes only individuals, responsible for the violation of international humanitarian law and international human rights law. And since the beginning of the Court activities, African citizens were prosecuted and the first condemnation of the International Criminal Court is about an African. Then, due to these situations, some opinions inside African States think that the Court was created for Africans. The international criminal justice is not limited to the International criminal Court and has implications in global skills such as democracy, good governance, human rights and peace. The African States particularly suffer for lack of democracy and the international criminal justice is a way for these countries to develop themselves by building peace and justice
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Abou, Kasm Antonios. "Le Tribunal spécial pour le Liban : défis juridiques et enjeux stratégiques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GREND006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le Tribunal spécial pour le Liban (TSL) est établi en vertu d’un accord bilatéral conclu entre l’ONU et le Gouvernement libanais; mais ses instruments constitutifs ne sont entrés en vigueur qu’en vertu de la résolution 1757 (2007) du Conseil de sécurité adoptée sur la base du Chapitre VII de la Charte. Le TSL, siégeant aux Pays-Bas, composé de juges étrangers et libanais, s’avère un tribunal pénal internationalisé sui generis. Son mandat principal consiste à poursuivre les responsables de l’attentat du 14 février 2005 ôtant la vie à l’ancien Premier Ministre libanais Rafic HARIRI et de 22 autres personnes ; toutefois la compétence du TSL peut être élargie pour couvrir des attentats connexes. Plusieurs caractéristiques distinguent le TSL du fait qu’il est le premier tribunal pénal créé sous les auspices des Nations Unies, sans appartenir à la discipline du droit international humanitaire, et qui ne juge que des crimes de terrorisme en temps de paix à la lumière du droit national libanais ; comme il est le premier tribunal pénal international qui mène des procès in absentia; et le premier qui est doté d’un Bureau pour la Défense - comme organe autonome du TSL – sur un même pied d’égalité avec le Bureau du Procureur en conférant des pouvoirs larges aux conseils de la Défense. Le TSL fonctionne selon son propre Règlement de procédure et de preuve - adopté par ses juges - associant à la fois le système romano-germanique et le système anglo-saxon. Le fonctionnement du TSL confronte des défis juridiques, de par son financement mixte assuré à travers la contribution conventionnelle du Gouvernement libanais et les contributions volontaires des États membres, ou de par sa primauté restreinte qui est juste limitée aux juridictions libanaises, générant une coopération problématique avec les États tiers et hésitante avec le Liban. Également, le Statut du Tribunal est réticent sur la question des immunités. La mise en place du TSL a créé une grande polémique politique au Liban, son fonctionnement au cœur d’un cadre géopolitique instable provoque des enjeux stratégiques pertinents ayant des impacts sur la scène politique au Liban et au Moyen-Orient. Le TSL encourt des enjeux stratégiques du fait que son premier acte d’accusation incrimine des membres appartenant au Hezbollah - une résistance armée contre Israël - allié de l’Iran et de la Syrie. Le Printemps arabe et ses implications sur la révolte syrienne générèrent une instabilité politique et sécuritaire au Liban, alertant une nouvelle série d’attentats terroristes. La mission principale du TSL consiste à mettre fin à l’impunité au Liban, principalement celle relative aux assassinats politiques. Du fait que le TSL est établi juste pour juger un seul attentat et un nombre restreint de crimes connexes dans un cadre temporel et spatial restreints, alors qu’un grand nombre de crimes graves de droit international humanitaire et de crimes politiques et terroristes restent impunis au Liban, le TSL est conçu comme un instrument de justice sélective. Pour ses détracteurs, le TSL concrétise le dilemme entre « paix civile » et « justice internationale », bien que sa finalité consiste à consolider la réconciliation nationale à travers la découverte de la véritéThe Special Tribunal for Lebanon (STL) is created through a bilateral agreement concluded between the UN and the Lebanese Government; but its essential instruments didn’t come into force until the adoption of the binding resolution 1757 (2007) of the Security Council adopted under Chapter VII of the UN Charter. The STL, sitting in the Netherlands, composed of foreign and Lebanese judges, is an internationalized criminal tribunal sui generis. Its primary mandate consists on prosecuting those responsible for the 14th February 2005 attempt which caused the death of the former Lebanese Prime Minister Rafic HARIRI and 22 other people; nevertheless the STL’s jurisdiction can be extended to cover connected attacks. Many features distinguish the STL, since it is the first criminal tribunal that was created under the UN’s framework outside of the International humanitarian law’s discipline; it judges terrorism crimes in peace time under the Lebanese domestic law; moreover, it is the first international criminal tribunal which holds trials in absentia, establishes an Office for the Defense as an autonomous organ equally with the Office of the Prosecutor giving the defense counsel large powers. The STL works according to its proper Rules of Procedure and Evidence – adopted by its judges – associating the civil law system and the common law system. The STL’s functioning confronts legal challenges due to its combined funding mechanism, assured by the conventional contribution of the Lebanese Government as by the voluntary contributions of member States; or due to its restricted primacy limited only to Lebanese courts, arising a problematical horizontal cooperation. In addition, the STL’s Statute expresses reluctance on the immunities’ question. The implementation of the STL has created a large political controversy in Lebanon; its work in an unstable geopolitical framework triggers relevant strategic issues having impacts on the political scene in Lebanon and Middle-East. The STL incurs strategic challenges since its first indictment incriminates Hezbollah members – an armed resistance against Israel – ally of Iran and Syria. The Arab spring and its implications on the Syrian revolution generate instability to the political and security conditions of Lebanon, alerting a new series of terrorist attempts. The main mission of the STL consists to end impunity in Lebanon related first and foremost to political assassinations. The STL is considered as an instrument of selective justice since it is established only to judge a single attempt and a small number of connected crimes in a restricted spatiotemporal framework, whereas a large number of serious crimes of International humanitarian law and political crimes perpetrated in Lebanon are still unpunished. For its detractors, the STL embodies the dilemma between "civil peace" and "international justice", although its finality seeks to consolidate the national reconciliation through the discovery of the truth
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White, Cheryl Susan. "From expressivism to communication in transitional justice: a study of the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/12711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the mid-1990s transitional justice was typically theorised through the lens of the expressivism of the international criminal trial. In other words, the international trial became the primary vehicle for signalling an end to impunity for international crimes through the enforcement of international norms, and modelling of legitimate legal process for societies transitioning to democratic governance. Developments in the form and procedure of courts making up the international criminal justice system suggest scope for their evaluation on an alternative, or at least, complementary theoretical basis. Drawing on work by transitional justice theorists Mark Osiel and Frédéric Mégret, the evolution of victim participation rights in criminal justice, research in peace studies, and the proceedings of the first trial at the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (ECCC), this thesis develops a communicative theory of the transitional trial. The essence of this theory is that properly controlled dialogical trial proceedings activate the communicative capacity of trials, connecting the work of the Court with the communities affected by the crimes they address.
The thesis studies the dissonance between the expressive and the communicative value of transitional trials. Social engagement with the past is implicit in formulations of the notion of transitional justice, but dialogue within trials is limited to evidentiary matters, unless flexibility in trial procedure permits broader discussion within the bounds of criminal law principles. The communicative trial creates space for dialogue and re-evaluates trial procedure models in light of the social purposes of transitional justice.
A communicative theory admits engagement with the past under conditions of truth-telling within criminal process not strictly limited to factual proofs, but extending to the causes and effects of crimes. Communicative trials admit narrative testimony controlled by inquisitorial judges for both retributive and reconciliatory purposes. Proceedings are representative of
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both national and international interests, and provide substantive inclusion of victims’ voices under due process principles. The Court is connected to civil society networks which act as intermediaries between the institution and the affected community.
My study of the ECCC trial proceedings suggests a legacy of the transitional court beyond the expressivism of international criminal justice and the functional objectives of United Nations state-building. I conclude that the ECCC’s politicised nature did not limit the scope for dialogue and space for reflection made possible by the Court’s largely inquisitorial procedure. Exchanges during proceedings and the inclusion of the voices of the accused and crime survivors expanded the trial dialogue. The representative and dialogic nature of the proceedings enhanced the ECCC’s communicative capacity. The communicative value of the trial in a society where public discourse on the crimes of the former regime has been suppressed is especially significant.
Книги з теми "Internationalised criminal justice"
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William A, Schabas. Part III The Right to Justice, B Distribution of Jurisdiction between National, Foreign, International, and Internationalized Courts, Principle 20 Jurisdiction of International and Internationalized Criminal Tribunals. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743606.003.0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Principle 20 is concerned with the jurisdiction of international and internationalized criminal tribunals regarding the prosecution of war crimes and other atrocities. The word ‘impunity’, defined at the beginning of the United Nations Updated Set of Principles, implies punishment or some similar sanction. It inexorably directs us towards judicial activity of criminal courts or the lack of it. The first sentence of Principle 20 is addressed to the national justice system, while the second sentence focuses on the international and internationalized criminal tribunals and their relationship to national courts. The final sentence of Principle 20 requires States to ‘fully satisfy their legal obligations’ with respect to international and internationalized criminal tribunals. This chapter first provides a contextual and historical background on Principle 20 before discussing its theoretical framework and how it has been observed in practice.
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Cohen, David. Indifference and Accountability: The United Nations and the Politics of International Justice in East Timor. East-West Center, 2006.
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Paola, Gaeta. Part III The Right to Justice, B Distribution of Jurisdiction between National, Foreign, International, and Internationalized Courts, Principle 21 Measures for Strengthening the Effectiveness of International Legal Principles Concerning Universal and International Jurisdiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198743606.003.0025.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Principle 21 outlines measures for strengthening the effectiveness of international legal principles concerning universal and international jurisdiction. In particular, it requires states to establish universal criminal jurisdiction and highlights their obligations to prosecute or to extradite (aut dedere aut judicare) states may possess under treaty law. The relationship between dedere and judicare might vary depending on the formulation of the relevant treaty obligation. A controversial issue is whether states can assert ‘pure’ universal criminal jurisdiction, and whether the aut dedere aut judicare treaty based formula is opposable to non-state parties. This chapter first provides a contextual and historical background on Principle 21 before discussing its theoretical framework, focusing on the definition and scope of ‘universal jurisdiction’ and the aut dedere aut judicare principle. It also examines how Principle 21 has been exercised in practice.
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Sripati, Vijayashri. Constitution-Making under UN Auspices. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199498024.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As an 18th century ‘standard of civilization,’ the Western liberal constitution has since been integral to public international law and colonial trusteeship. This book is the first comprehensive treatment of the ostensible purposes why international organizations have internationalized this Constitution: from the League of Nations in Danzig, to the UN starting from Libya in 1949, and from 1989-2018, in more than forty poor states including most recently in Colombia and The Gambia. This pioneering study sets the Constitution’s internationalization via United Nations Constitutional Assistance (UNCA) at centre-stage. The Constitution’s salience makes its post-1989 rise via UNCA the most significant post-Cold War development, one which has spawned and shaped all other legal and political developments. For example, the internationalization of this Constitution (subsumed under the ‘rule of law’ label) drives the famed post-1989 rule of law movement, shaping all sectors from electoral, judicial, security, and parliamentary to international criminal and transitional justice. This Constitution’s internationalization is traced, from France’s drafting of Turkey’s 1856 monetary laws, British lawyer, Travis Twiss’ drafting of Congo’s 1885 constitution to the constitutional assistance offered by the League of Nations during the inter-war period and from 1949, by its successor, the United Nations and through a combined historical international constitutional framework, UNCA’s legitimacy is appraised. Through this new constitutional history of trusteeship, Sripati demonstrates that creating an equitable order requires considering seriously why sovereign states’ constitution-making is being internationalized. The book concludes by arguing that UNCA continues its trusteeship role. UNCA makes a new fiscally oriented addition to the ‘standards of civilization’: ‘transparent, inclusive and participatory’ constitution-making.
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Ziccardi Capaldo, Giuliana, ed. The Global Community Yearbook of International Law and Jurisprudence 2017. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190923846.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The 2017 edition both updates readers on the important work of long-standing international tribunals and introduces readers to more novel topics in international law. The Yearbook has established itself as an authoritative resource for research and guidance on the jurisprudence of both UN-based tribunals and regional courts. The 2017 edition continues to provide expert coverage of the Court of Justice of the European Union and diverse tribunals from the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to criminal tribunals such as the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the Tribunals for the Former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, to economically based tribunals such as ICSID and the WTO Dispute Resolution panel. This edition contains original research articles on the development and analysis of the concept of global law and the views of the global law theorists. It also includes expert introductory essays by prominent scholars in the realm of international law, on topics as diverse and current as the erosion of the postwar liberal global order by national populism and the accompanying disorder in global politics, a bifurcated global nuclear order due to the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty and the Nuclear Weapons Prohibition Treaty, and the expansion of the principle of no-impunity and its application to serious violations of social and economic rights. New to the 2017 edition, the author of the article in Recent Lines of Internationalist Thought will now talk about their own work as a Scholar/Judge. In addition, this edition memorializes the late M. Cherif Bassiouni. The Yearbook provides students, scholars, and practitioners alike a valuable combination of expert discussion and direct quotes from the court opinions to which that discussion relates, as well as an annual overview of the process of cross-fertilization between international courts and tribunals and a section focusing on the thought of leading international law scholars on the subject of the globalization.
Частини книг з теми "Internationalised criminal justice"
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"Engaging with International Criminal Law alongside an Internationalised Tribunal." In Adapting International Criminal Justice in Southeast Asia, 29–71. Cambridge University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108669450.003.
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Gerhard, Werle, and Jeßberger Florian. "Ch.One Foundations." In Principles of International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198826859.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter sets down the legal and historical foundations of international criminal law. It begins with a brief overview of the history of international criminal law, beginning with the 1919 Versailles Peace Treaty and ending with the developments after the creation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) Statute. From there, the chapter discusses the concepts, aim, and legitimacy of international criminal law before turning to the role of international criminal law within the international legal order. Afterward, the chapter turns to the sources and interpretation of international criminal law as well as universal jurisdiction, the duty to prosecute, and transitional justice. Next, the chapter considers the relationship between international and domestic courts as well as the prosecution of international crimes under international law by international and ‘internationalised’ courts. Finally, this chapter closes with a discussion on international criminal law in practice.
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Etcheson, Craig. "The Politics of Genocide Justice in Cambodia." In Internationalized Criminal Courts, 181–206. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276745.003.0010.
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Colitti, Mariacarmen. "Geographical and Jurisdictional Reach of ICC: Gaps in the International Criminal Justice System and a Role for Internationalized Bodies." In Internationalized Criminal Courts, 417–26. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199276745.003.0019.
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Miriam, Gur-Arye, and Harel Alon. "s.III Rationales, Ch.9 Taking Internationalism Seriously: Why International Criminal Law Matters." In The Oxford Handbook of International Criminal Law. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198825203.003.0010.
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This chapter focuses on why international criminal law (ICL) matters, by generating a distinctive philosophical vision for the project of international criminal justice. Specifically, this chapter rejects the notion that ICL is simply a gap-filler for ineffective penal institutions at the domestic level. So much of the literature is characterized by an assumption, buttressed by the International Criminal Court’s complementarity principle, that international tribunals simply spring into action to resolve the lacunae in domestic legal processes when armed conflict or other disruptions dismantle traditional institutions for criminal enforcement. In contrast, the chapter argues that the goods of ICL and the values it promotes can only be provided by international entities. In that respect, international justice is not a second-best alternative to domestic justice but is, rather, necessarily international because international institutions are specifically designed to redress wrongs that harm the interests of the international community as a whole.
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Soler, Christopher. "Postgenocide Justice? Assessing the Prosecution and Punishment of Genocide by Internationalized Courts and Tribunals." In Postgenocide, 86–111. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192895189.003.0004.
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This chapter evaluates the record of the prosecution and punishment of the crime of genocide by internationalized courts and tribunals—primarily the ICTY and the ICTR—the International Criminal Court, and the hybrid criminal tribunals. It unpacks the effects of the criminal sanction against the fulfilment of the responsibility to protect. It shows how the nascent quasi-prosecutorial model can sow the seeds for the delivery of criminal justice before the right place (the forum conveniens) and at the right time, notwithstanding the prospect of a delayed execution thereof. The author appeals to the international community to prosecute and punish genocide as a matter of principle irrespective of side-effects the prosecution itself may trigger at national, regional, or international levels. The chapter upholds ‘justice for its own sake’, a dictum that distinguishes the inherent value of prosecutions from their presumed social effects.
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Van Schaack, Beth. "Transitional Justice without Transition." In Imagining Justice for Syria, edited by Michael N. Schmitt, Shane R. Reeves, Winston S. Williams, and Sasha Radin, 397–446. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190055967.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The penultimate chapter offers a discussion of the prospects for a genuine transitional justice process in Syria. Chapter 10 begins with a short history of the development of the archetypal tools within the transitional justice toolkit—criminal accountability, truth commissions, reparations, amnesties, lustration, institutional reform, and guarantees of nonrecurrence—and the way in which transitional justice efforts have become increasingly internationalized. This enhanced involvement of the international community in promoting transitional justice reflects the belief—premised on historical case studies and emerging empirical research—that societies in transition must address the crimes of the past in some capacity or risk their repetition. The chapter surveys the most recent research testing these claims, which has benefited from the creation of a number of new databases gleaned from states in transition. The chapter then describes ways in which the international community has tried to prepare for a future transitional justice process in Syria even in the absence of a political transition, including by training Syrian advocates, surveying Syrian communities to understand their knowledge of transitional justice and preferences for Syria, promoting psychosocial rehabilitation and solidarity among victims, and preparing for truth-telling exercises and institutional reform measures. The conclusion suggests ways in which the international community could still promote some form of transitional justice as part of the reconstruction process, even if Assad remains in power, which seems increasingly likely.
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Van Den Meerssche, Dimitri. "‘A New Normative Architecture’—Risk, Resilience and Deformalization." In The World Bank's Lawyers, 227—C7.N256. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192846495.003.0007.
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Abstract Chapter 7 builds on the analysis of Leroy’s ‘paradigm shift’ and retraces the tenets of the ‘new normative architecture’ that she instilled in the Bank. It uses her legal framework on involvement in criminal justice to contextualize, reconstruct and assess the managerial technology of risk management that has become the central tool of legal practice. The chapter thereby provides a granular account of the professional ideals, bureaucratic templates, material tools and institutional agendas that shape the contemporary practice of international law within the World Bank. This analysis thereby also maps out how embracing risk management as a central mode of international lawyering introduced an infinite mandate for new operational practices and ambitions. This shift aligned with broader changes in the World Bank’s processes of development practice, governance reform and interventionism. The modernist ideals of causal planning that underpinned the grand narratives of liberal internationalism were traded for complex, iterative, adaptive and open-ended reform processes, attuned to uncertainty and contingency and oriented towards logics of risk and resilience. This risk-based governmentality discards linear, top-down models of socio-political change and dispenses with the liberal dichotomy between sovereignty and interventionism—a change that resonated in Leroy’s ‘new normative architecture’. The chapter concludes by showing how Leroy sought to play an ‘enabling’ role regarding this expansion and reorientation of the World Bank’s agenda. This shows how changes in the cultural technique and material fabric of international law became entangled with the development and justification of new rationalities and practices of reform.