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Статті в журналах з теми "International Remittances and Taxation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 квітня 2024

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1

DOYLE, DAVID. "Remittances and Social Spending." American Political Science Review 109, no. 4 (November 2015): 785–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003055415000416.

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Remittances are a significant source of foreign exchange for developing economies. I argue that remittances, due to their compensation and insurance functions, will increase the general income level and economic security of recipients, thereby reducing their perceived income risk. Over time, this will dampen demand from recipients for government taxation and social insurance. Therefore, I expect increases in income remitted to an economy to result in reduced levels of social welfare transfers at the macro-level. This dynamic can help us to understand spending patterns in developing democracies, and the absence of demand for social security transfers in countries with high levels of inequality and economic insecurity. I test this argument with a sample of 18 Latin American states, over the period 1990 to 2009, and subject the central causal mechanism to a battery of statistical tests. The results of these tests provide strong support for this argument.

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2

Oloyede, Oloyede, and Funmilayo Funmilayo. "The Part Of Electronic-Governance In Tax Revenue Collection And Remittance In Nigeria." Jurnal Administrasi Publik : Public Administration Journal 12, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31289/jap.v12i1.7188.

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Governance is all about making life favorable and conducive for the citizens, and in achieving this, the government provides in the state some basic social facilities, such as security of lives and properties, and also put in place infrastructures such as good roads, schools and health services. To achieve these, it is mandatory for the government to generate income in-term of revenue, and this is popularly achieved with taxation. Unfortunately, difficulties arising from tax evasion and corruption limit the power of the government of Nigeria to generate sufficient revenue that is needed. The Government with determination of boosting the level of taxation and its compliance in order to be able to execute its tasks for the citizens, has approved electronic taxation as element of its electronic governance creativity in tune of international performance. Research method that was used for this study was qualitative in nature, secondary data was collected at the review of relevant literatures. The study found out that electronic-taxation has been satisfied to be appropriate in use of tax collection and remittance, and has been proven in calculation-error reduction. It also curtails fraud in the tax offices, eliminates challenges that may arise during reconciliation, and limiting leakages in the tax revenue collected. Electronic taxation through electronic-governance has boosted the volume of revenue generation into the cover of the government, and it saves time and cost. This research paper has recommended that tax officials at the local revenue authority, state internal revenue and the federal inland revenue should shift towards e-taxation, give more enlightenment to the taxpayers on the note of adopting electronic taxation instead of manual processing.

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3

Binci, Michele, and Gianna Claudia Giannelli. "Internal versus International Migration." International Migration Review 52, no. 1 (March 2018): 43–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imre.12267.

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This paper focuses on the effects of domestic and international remittances on child labor and schooling. Using data from the 1992–1993 and 1997–1998 Vietnam Living Standards Surveys, we investigate school attendance and child labor in remittance recipient and non-recipient households. The results of our binomial logit and two-sided censored regression panel analysis indicate that remittances increase schooling and reduce child labor. Although international remittances are found to have a stronger beneficial impact than domestic remittances in the cross-section, the panel analysis, taking account of fixed effects, reverses this result, showing that the only significant impact stems from domestic remittances.

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4

ONONO, PEREZ, and ABBA Mohammed. "EFFECTS OF SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES ON DIASPORA REMITTANCES IN KENYA FOR THE PERIOD 1980 TO 2016." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 9 (October 7, 2020): 741–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.79.9089.

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This study investigated the effect of selected macroeconomic variables on diaspora remittances in Kenya. Earlier studies for Kenya on diaspora remittances have focused mainly on the importance of foreign remittances on economic growth and stock market performance with less focus on macroeconomic variables that drives the remittances. In particular, the study determined the effect of economic growth, interest rates, and openness of the economy, interest rates differential and exchange rates on diaspora remittances in Kenya for the period 1980 – 2016 based on quarterly data. The study found that currency depreciation increases diaspora remittances. Similarly, economic growth, financail sector development and openness of the economy were shown to increase diaspora remittances. Based on the findings, the study recommends the need for effective application of prudent macroeconomic policies to attract more diaspora remittances inflows. In addition, there is need to adopt policies geared towards financial sector development such as the policies on formalization of the informal financial services, leveraging on the technology for financial sector development. Lastly, establishing more economic ties beyond trade with other economies to address issues on the taxation and other charges on the remitting funds from abroad would go a long way in promoting diaspora remittances inflows.

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5

Kimhi, Ayal. "International Remittances, Domestic Remittances, and Income Inequality in the Dominican Republic." Research in Applied Economics 12, no. 3 (September 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v12i3.16235.

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Inequality decomposition techniques are used to analyze the different impacts of domestic and international remittances on household income inequality in the Dominican Republic. This analysis highlights the importance of the distinction between domestic and international remittances as drivers of inequality as well as the importance of identifying and quantifying the determinants of remittances and their subsequent impact on inequality. Domestic remittances are found to be more equalizing than international remittances. Education leads to lower domestic remittances and higher international remittances, reflecting the role of education in promoting international versus domestic migration. Schooling increases inequality through domestic remittances and decreases inequality through international remittances.

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6

Hernández-Casildo, J., M. del Castillo-Mussot, E. Hernández-Ramirez, and L. Guzmán-Vargas. "Correlating international inflowing and outflowing remittances and migrants." International Journal of Modern Physics C 31, no. 03 (January 23, 2020): 2050047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183120500473.

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Remittances, as money or goods that people send to families and friends, are very important social and economic phenomenon at local, national, regional and international levels. In the year 2017, total international remittances were at levels around USD 613 billion. From World Bank bilateral remittances and migration matrixes, we calculate for each country and territory its aggregated or total amount of remittances inflow (TRI) coming from the rest of the world, its total remittances outflow (TRO) extracted from that country and sent to all other countries, its total emigrant stock (TEMI) living overseas, and its total number of foreign-world immigrants (TIMM) living in that country. For each of these quantities, its highest-ranked countries follow an approximate Pareto power law distribution. Remittances and migrants flow in opposite directions, the statistical correlation [Formula: see text] between TRI and TEMI is 0.79, and between TRO and TIMM is 0.97. Both inflowing remittances per emigrant TRI/TEMI and outflowing remittances per immigrant TRO/TIMM fluctuate approximately around 3100 USD per year.

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7

Elfani, Maria. "A Spatial Analysis on International Remittances, Food Consumption and Deprivation in Indonesia." JAS (Journal of ASEAN Studies) 3, no. 1 (July 30, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jas.v3i1.752.

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This paper aims to illustrate how international remittances may relate to food consumption and deprivation in Indonesia. The idea is that international remittances may contribute to the reduction of poverty, and since food consumption is an element with which to measure poverty line, this paper intends to show whether international remittances are more likely to be received by poorer households–based on food consumption level in the households. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and the data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS4), this paper illustrates the mapping of international remittances and food consumption in some of Indonesia’s provinces. The spatial analysis shows correlation between international remittances and food consumption. International remittances tend to be received by households who have less spending on food. The geographical pattern shows that international remittances are more likely to be received by poorer households based on their food consumption. The result to some extent supports the view that international remittances might benefit the poor the most, particularly on tackling poverty, as poorer households are more likely to receive the remittances.

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8

Tsaurai, Kunofiwa. "The education investment dimension of international personal remittances in Colombia." Journal of Governance and Regulation 4, no. 4 (2015): 428–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/jgr_v4_i4_c3_p9.

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The study investigated the relationship between personal international remittances received and gross enrolment ratio in Colombia. There are three hypotheses explaining the relationship between personal international remittances and education (human capital development). These are (1) remittances-led education hypothesis, (2) education-led remittances hypothesis and (3) neutrality hypothesis that says there is no relationship at all between these two variables. Although majority of the empirical studies support the remittances-led education hypothesis, the subject is still attracting contradicting findings and not yet conclusive. It is on the backdrop of such lack of consensus in the literature that the author investigated the relationship between personal remittances received and gross enrolment ratio primary and secondary (%) in Colombia. The study used the auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds co-integration testing technique with annual time series data ranging between 1978 and 2010 to determine the existence of a long run relationship between personal remittances and education in Colombia. The ARDL F-bounds co-integration test revealed that personal remittances received and gross enrolment ratio for both primary and secondary schools in Colombia are not co-integrated or they do not have any long run relationship, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. This conclusion was arrived at using either personal remittances or gross enrolment ratio as a dependent variable. These results imply that personal remittances received in Colombia were directed more towards consumption and not invested in education. The study therefore urges the Colombian authorities to concientise the recipients of the personal remittances to invest in the children’s education rather than spending the remittances on consumption purposes

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9

Waddell, Benjamin. "Migrant Remittances." Sociology of Development 1, no. 4 (2015): 463–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/sod.2015.1.4.463.

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Untapped resources are hard to come by in the realm of international development. Migrant remittances, however, represent a relatively unexploited resource bank for developing countries. Still, researchers often debate the degree to which migrant remittances actually incite community development in practice. I rekindle the this theoretical discussion by comparing the development effects of household remittances with investments made through the remittance-channeling program 3×1 para migrantes in Guanajuato, Mexico. Regression analysis demonstrates that household remittances repress development outcomes across Guanajuato's 46 municipalities, while remittances invested through the 3×1 program have a positive effect on indicators of municipal wellbeing, including healthcare, education, and income. To my knowledge, this is the first attempt to systematically compare the development effects of household remittances with the development outcomes of remittances transferred through a government-supported program like 3×1 para migrantes. This research has meaningful implications for policy makers in migrant-sending regions around the world as well as agents of international development such as the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.

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10

Gatsi, John Gartchie. "Effects of International and Internal Remittances on Financial Inclusion in Ghana." Financial Markets, Institutions and Risks 4, no. 3 (2020): 109–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/fmir.4(3).109-123.2020.

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This article examines the relationship between remittances and financial inclusion in Ghana. The data for the study was extracted from the results of an analytical review of the living standards survey indicators in Ghana. The methodological tools of the study are represented by a regression equation based on the use of the Force Entry Method to test the functioning of variables in the model. The study empirically confirms and theoretically proves that domestic remittances have a positive and significant impact on access to financial services, while international remittances affect the likelihood of opening a bank account, but do not have any significant impact on applying for a loan and lending to remittance households. It is substantiated that domestic and international money transfers have a significant positive impact on the opening of bank accounts, even when forging collateral. Based on the results of calculations, the paper substantiates the conclusion that remittances contribute to increasing the availability of financial services in Ghana. It was noted that domestic remittances have a greater potential to improve financial inclusion in Ghana than international remittances. The paper emphasizes that the provision of collateral is an important lever for lending to households. Remittances will have very little impact on financial inclusion when financial institutions require collateral to facilitate the application and grant. According to the results of the study, the following recommendation were provideds: development of a strategy to improve domestic remittances to increase indicators of financial inclusion and economic development; improving the conditions for remittances, especially domestic remittances, in order to ensure their flexibility and deepen financial integration; use of domestic remittances as collateral for household loans. Keywords: collateral, financial inclusion, financial institutions, Ghana, remittances, loan application, migration.

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11

Isabel Ruiz and Carlos Vargas-Silva. "Monetary Policy and International Remittances." Journal of Developing Areas 43, no. 2 (2010): 173–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jda.0.0060.

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12

Antwi, Samuel, Eugene Oware Koranteng, and Eugene Oware Koranteng. "International Remittances and Economic Growth in Ghana: Does the Measure Of Financial Development Matter?" International Journal of Technology and Management Research 2, no. 1 (March 12, 2020): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v2i1.50.

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Empirical results of the effect of international remittances on economic growth of individual countries and groups of countries have yielded mixed results. This study is intended to add to the debate on the impact of international remittances on the aggregate output of individual countries, Ghana in this case. An earlier panel data study found a negative impact of remittance on real GDP and prompted further research on the topic for individual countries and groups of countries. The papers which followed and were able to correct for endogeneity in the models, found a mild positive impact of private unrequited remittances on economic growth. The impact of remittances on economic growth of a particular country depends on the proportion of remittances invested and consumed, the level of financial development and the quality of institutions in the country. This study used time series data from 1990 to 2014 on Ghana and found a positive impact of remittances on the growth rate of real GDP. Engel and Granger Cointegration test and Error Correction Models were used. Remittances were found to be pro-cyclical. Granger causality tests which corrects for the errors of cointegrated variables found causality running from financial development to remittances and from remittances to real GDP. Remittances have been found in other studies to benefit the Ghanaian economy by reducing poverty and sustaining the current account. This study shows a positive impact of remittances on aggregate output. Thus requiring policies to increase the flows and encourage their investment. Keywords: International Remittances, Economic Growth, Ghana, Financial Development.

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13

Ebadi, Narges, Davod Ahmadi, and Hugo Melgar-Quiñonez. "Domestic and International Remittances and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa." Remittances Review 5, no. 1 (April 26, 2020): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v5i1.842.

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The amount of remittances to developing counties, defined as the flow of monetary and non-monetary goods, has increased globally and has surpassed the amount of money spent on foreign aid in these developing countries. The impact of remittances on households’ purchasing power has been studied; however, its link to food security status is yet to be explored. This paper quantitatively analyses the relationship between food security status (measured using the Food Insecurity Experience Scale) and the receipt of domestic/ international or both remittances on households in sub- Saharan Africa. Data are derived from the Gallup World Poll from the years 2014-2017. Multinomial logistic regression models and binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the data. Results showed that remittance recipients had significantly higher household incomes (especially if the remittance was coming internationally and domestically), lived with significantly more household members (7 or more members), and were more likely to be separated (including divorced or widowed). Households that received domestic remittances had significantly higher odds of being food insecure than households receiving no remittances. Conversely, households receiving remittances internationally or a combination of domestic and international remittances had significantly lower odds of food insecurity compared to non-receivers. This study found that receiving remittances affect the food security status of people living in SSA countries.

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14

Jr., Richard H. Adams,. "The Effects of Migration and Remittances on Inequality in Rural Pakistan." Pakistan Development Review 31, no. 4II (December 1, 1992): 1189–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i4iipp.1189-1206.

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In the Third World remittances - defmed as money and goods that are transmitted by migrant workers to their households back home - can have a profound impact upon rural income distribution. This is true for both internal remittances, which are often small but widespread among the rural population, as well as for international remittances, which are typically larger and more concentrated. Despite these considerations, there is still no general consensus about the effect of internal or international remittances on rural income distribution in the Third World. On the one hand, Lipton (1980) argues that in India internal remittances worsen rural inequality because they are earned mainly by upper-income villagers. With respect to international remittances, Gilani, Khan and Iqbal (1981) in Pakistan and Adams in Egypt (1991, 1989) produce similar fmdings. On the other hand, some empirical studies suggest a very different outcome. For example, Stark, Taylor and Yitzhaki (1986) fmd that internal and international remittances in Mexico have an egalitarian effect on rural income distribution.1 Two major reasons appear to account for such lack of consensus on the effect of remittances upon rural income distribution: the use of local-level data collection techniques that preclude making unambiguous empirical judgements about the effects of remittances; and the reluctance or inability to use predicted income functions to accurately estimate income before and after remittances.

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15

Cooray, Arusha. "DO INTERNATIONAL FLOWS INCREASE ENROLLMENT RATES?" Macroeconomic Dynamics 20, no. 4 (September 14, 2015): 1051–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136510051400073x.

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This study examines the influence of foreign direct investment (FDI), overseas development aid (ODA), and remittances on the enrollment of girls and boys in 103 countries over the years 1970–2011. The results suggest that remittances have a contemporaneous robust significant influence on enrollment, with the positive effect being slightly higher for girls than for boys. FDI and ODA have an influence on the enrollment of girls and boys only after a significant time lag. The results also suggest that the impact of remittances on enrollment is increased through income and a well-developed financial sector; FDI through better institutions and a well-developed financial sector; and ODA through better government policy.

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16

Quartey, Peter, Charles Ackah, and Monica Puoma Lambon-Quayefio. "Inter-linkages between remittance and savings in Ghana." International Journal of Social Economics 46, no. 1 (January 14, 2019): 152–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-12-2017-0618.

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PurposeThe increase in volumes and circulation of internal and international remittances have become a substantial part of resource flow for economic development especially in developing countries with a significant impact on household welfare. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between remittances and savings mobilization.Design/methodology/approachUsing the most recent wave of the Ghana Living Standard Survey data, the study accounts for the endogeneity in remittance receipts by employing treatment effect estimators, in addition to a probit model to establish the relationship between remittances and likelihood of savings.FindingsThe results suggest that receiving remittances significantly affects household’s propensity to save. Households that receive international remittances seem to have a slightly higher probability of savings compared to households that receive only domestic remittances.Originality/valueFrom the literature, whereas the theoretical relationship between savings and remittances is mixed, it is also evident that the empirical relationship between remittances and savings has not been clearly established, especially in sub-Saharan African countries in general and Ghana in particular. The present study adds to the paucity in the literature in two main ways. First, the study provides empirical evidence on the relationship between remittances and savings by not only focusing on international remittances but also on internal remittances. Second, in sharp departure from other studies, the current study employs more robust empirical estimators in estimating the relationship between remittances and savings.

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17

Kumar, Bezon. "The Impact of International Remittances on Poverty Alleviation in Bangladesh." Remittances Review 4, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v4i1.665.

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This article mainly explores to what extent international remittances alleviate household poverty in Bangladesh. This study uses primary data collected from 216 households and employs multi-methods. Firstly, I measure the level of household poverty through Foster-Greer-Thorbecke index. The article secondly focuses on the impact of remittances on household poverty using a binary logistic regression model. I found that the level of poverty among remittance recipient households is notably lower than households that are not receiving remittances. Similarly, the probability of a household being poor is alleviated by 28.07 per cent if the household receives remittance. It can be suggested that nursing international remittances can be useful for poverty alleviation in Bangladesh.

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18

Khan, Mohd Imran, and Valatheeswaran C. "International Remittances and Private Healthcare in Kerala, India." Migration Letters 17, no. 3 (May 8, 2020): 445–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i3.778.

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The inflow of international remittances to Kerala has been increasing over the last three decades. It has increased the income of recipient households and enabled them to spend more on human capital investment. Using data from the Kerala Migration Survey-2010, this study analyses the impact of remittance receipts on the households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare in Kerala. This study employs an instrumental variable approach to account for the endogeneity of remittances receipts. The empirical results show that remittance income has a positive and significant impact on households’ healthcare expenditure and access to private healthcare services. After disaggregating the sample into different heterogeneous groups, this study found that remittances have a greater effect on lower-income households and Other Backward Class (OBC) households but not Scheduled Caste (SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) households, which remain excluded from reaping the benefit of international migration and remittances.

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19

Mehra, B. M. "International Double Taxation." Foreign Trade Review 22, no. 4 (January 1988): 452–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515880406.

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Radu, Marius Eugen. "International Double Taxation." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 62 (October 2012): 403–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.09.065.

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Abdul-Mumuni, Abdallah, and Christopher Quaidoo. "Effect of International Remittances on Inflation in Ghana Using the Bounds Testing Approach." Business and Economic Research 6, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v6i1.8635.

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<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">This paper empirically examines the effect of international remittances on inflation in Ghana from 1979 to 2013 by incorporating international remittances as an exogenous variable to the standard inflation function. Applying the bounds testing approach, the empirical results indicate that international remittances have a significant effect on inflation in the long-run. However, in the short-run, no significant relationship is evident between these two variables. The study recommends that in order to reduce the effect of international remittances on inflation rate and increase the impact on growth, the government should improve public infrastructure. By this, excessive transfer fees would reduce and these remittances could be channeled into more productive sectors rather than being used mainly for consumption purposes.</span></p>

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Rodriguez, Edgard R. "International Migrants' Remittances in the Philippines." Canadian Journal of Economics 29 (April 1996): S427. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/136081.

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23

Snudden, Stephen. "International remittances, migration and primary commodities." World Economy 41, no. 11 (May 16, 2018): 2934–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12666.

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24

Nnyanzi, John Bosco. "What drives international remittances to Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-07-2013-0067.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the macro-economic and institutional drivers of remittance inflows to Africa. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses an enhanced gravity model in a random effects framework to test two hypotheses dominant in literature as well as the institutional quality hypothesis. A bilateral data set is created from the most recent available remittance data set to afford the capture of the impact of the selected macro-economic variables from both the host and recipient countries. Findings The results provide support for the trio hypotheses. A key finding is the co-existence of altruism and self-interest motives. Also, control of corruption, financial development and a reduction in unofficial economic activity are observed to facilitate remittance inflows. The authors confirm the resilience of remittances during the global crisis and document a positive significant relationship between remittance inflows on the one hand and host migration stock, age dependency, etc., on the other. Practical implications This paper generates various insights in the design of relevant macro-economic and institutional policies to enhance remittance inflows and the productive use of the same for purposes of economic growth and development via poverty reduction and secure resource flow. Originality/value The majority of previous studies on the determinants of remittance inflows have basically focussed on the microeconomic variables, an approach that could understate the macro-economic impact of remittances and lead to inadequate policy formulation. The use of an enhanced gravity model on a newly created bilateral data set in the analysis is a nuance in the economics of remittances. Besides, previous studies have often ignored the institutional environment as critical in the remittance-determinant model.

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Salas, Vania B. "International Remittances and Human Capital Formation." World Development 59 (July 2014): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.01.035.

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Beja Jr., Edsel L. "Do international remittances cause Dutch disease?" MIGRATION LETTERS 8, no. 2 (January 28, 2014): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/ml.v8i2.161.

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Dutch disease is a condition whereby a booming export sector along with a concomitant strengthening of the non-tradable sector cause a deterioration in the rest of the tradable sector. Regression analysis finds that Dutch disease due to international remittances appears to afflict the developing countries more than the upper income countries. Developing countries, however, can inoculate their economies with policies that strengthen the domestic economy and facilitate structural change to keep the disease from setting in.

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27

Kumar, Bezon, Md Elias Hossain, and Md Ataul Gani Osmani. "Utilization of International Remittances in Bangladesh." Remittances Review 3, no. 1 (May 16, 2018): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v3i1.424.

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The study explores the significant factors and utilization of international remittance in Bangladesh by using primary data from 84 migrant households. The study applies multiple linear regression model estimated by OLS method. The estimated results find that household size, training, skill, years at abroad and earnings significantly affect international remittance in Bangladesh. This indicates migrants remit home motivated by mixed views like, altruistic, loan repayment and exchange view. The study also finds 50.01 percent of remittance is utilized only in consumption of food purpose. The study suggests arranging training and skill enhancing programs to migrants and creating investment opportunities.

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Arzu Jabbarov, Rahman. "INTERNATIONAL DOUBLE TAXATION: DSOUBLE TAXATION AGREEMENTS (DTA)." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (April 23, 2021): 328–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/328-332.

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As a result, present taxation, avoidance of double taxation and Double Taxation Agreements (DTA) are important elements of international trade relations. All states are interested in harmonizing tax systems to expand trade and other ties with each other. Thus, importance of double taxation agreements (DTA), structure of these treaties nneds to be resarched and stuidied in that article. Key words: taxation, history of double taxation, avoidance of double taxation, double taxation agreements, mechanics of double tax avoidance

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29

Chernyak, Oleksandr, and Yevgen Chernyak. "Modern trends of the international labor force migration." SHS Web of Conferences 65 (2019): 09001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20196509001.

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The modern trends of the international labor force migration and the main migration corridors are analyzed in the paper. According to the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, in 2017, the global stock of international migrants (including refugees) was an estimated 258 million. Inequality between supply and demand on the labor market is a main problem of modern international migration processes. It is possible to make a conclusion about the global increase of amounts of labor migration all over the world, in all the countries and regions. The main trends of remittance flows are also studied. The amount of remittances in 2018 was $689 billions. And $518 billions were sent to the developing countries. In relative terms, remittances in nine countries accounted for over a fifth of the gross domestic product (GDP) in 2018; in the case of Tonga, remittances represented 36 % of the country’s GDP. As a conclusion, it should be said that the amount of remittances is an important macro economical figure. Its inflow can ensure the increase of foreign currency’s supply in the country.

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30

Nuñez, Roy, and Eva Olimpia Arceo-Gomez. "International Remittances and the Labour Market in Peru." Economia 46, no. 92 (November 28, 2023): 125–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/economia.202302.004.

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International remittances are a relevant source of income in developing countries, with important implications for the labour market of recipient countries. Peruvian international migration is a particular case of Latin America, since it tends to be concentrated in middle-and high-income households and in highly educated people, who display particular preferences in relation to the labour market. Using data from 2004 to 2019, we analysed the impact of remittances on employment, hours worked, and wages of Peruvian workers. Our results show that remittances reduce labour participation by 9.8 percentage points (pp). On average, the effect is greater among dependent workers than self-employed workers (-7.5 pp versus -3 pp). Similarly, we observed an increase in hourly income in both types of work (10.1% and 65%, respectively). In this sense, the Peruvian case offers a new perspective on the effect of remittances on the labour market, where despite having most of its labour force in informal jobs and self-employment, it does not encourage employment in those sectors, as occurred in previous studies.

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31

Richard, Colin C. "MOBILE REMITTANCES AND DODD-FRANK: REVIEWING THE EFFECTS OF THE CFPB REGULATIONS." Pittsburgh Journal of Technology Law and Policy 12 (April 13, 2012): 288–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/tlp.2012.99.

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International remittances provide $325 billion in capital each year to developing countries and serve as an essential tool for international economic development. The growth of mobile money and mobile banking around the world will significantly increase access to remittance services and reduce costs for senders and recipients, but policy changes could irreparably deter the use of mobile phones for remittances. In July 2010, the Dodd-Frank Act proposed for the first time substantive federal regulation of international remittances and required the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) to develop certain rules for the industry. This article analyzes the CFPB's February 2012 rule in the context of mobile remittances.

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32

Yang, Dean. "Migrant Remittances." Journal of Economic Perspectives 25, no. 3 (August 1, 2011): 129–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.25.3.129.

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This article is about the economics of migrant remittances sent to developing countries. I review the overall magnitude of remittances and what current research reveals about the motivations for migrant remittances and what effects they have. I discuss field experimental evidence on migrant desires for control over the uses of their remittances. I highlight some key distinctive characteristics of remittances—such as their high frequency and relatively small individual magnitudes—as well as recent experimental evidence on the effect of reductions in remittance transaction fees, and outline a research agenda on the microeconomics of remittance decision making. Finally, I discuss what the future holds for remittances, considering aggregate trends but also approaches likely to be taken by international development agencies, national governments, the private sector, and academic economists.

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33

Le, Tung Thanh. "The relationship between remittances and economic growth in Vietnam in the period of international integration." Science and Technology Development Journal 18, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v18i4.975.

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Over nearly three decades, remittances are one of the most important sources of foreign currency in ensuring balance of payments, foreign currency reserves increase, stabilize exchange market and financial market in Vietnam. This paper uses the AutoregressiveDistributed Lag model (ARDL) to study the relationship between remittances and economic growth in Vietnam in 1990-2014. Results of Perasan’ test confirmed the existence of long-term relationship between remittances and economic growth in Vietnam. The results also provide evidence of the positive impact of remittances to economic growth both in the short and long term.

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Rotimi, Mathew Ekundayo, Michelle Doorasamy, Udi Joshua, Grace Gift Rotimi, Confort Omolayo Rotimi, Gabriel Samuel, Gbenga Adeyemi, Ayodele Solomon Alemayo, and Alfred Kimea. "ARDL Analysis of Remittance and Per Capita Growth Nexus in Oil Dependent Economy: The Nigeria’s Experience." International Journal of Business and Economic Sciences Applied Research 15, no. 3 (December 2022): 38–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.25103/ijbesar.153.03.

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Purpose: Remittance is essential to economic wellbeing. Realising this fact, this study examined, within the optimist theoretical framework, whether international remittances significantly impact per capita economic growth in Nigeria. Design/methodology/approach: Employing annual time series data spanning 1980-2020, the study adopted the Pesaran, Shin, and Smith ARDL bounds estimating model to examine the type of relationships between remittances and Nigeria’s per capita growth. Finding: The study reveals a statistically significant positive nexus in the long-run and short-run among the variables. Specifically, it found that higher remittances inflow enhances per capita growth both in long-run and short-run in Nigeria. Furthermore, the study found that remittances are sources of external financing and eventually, it is a means to economic growth and also may help to fill fiscal deficit gap. Research limitations/implications: This study recommends that government should, through sound policy option, encourage remittances influx. This could be realised by creating viable relationship among international communities that largely account for remittance inflow into Nigeria. It further suggests a prudent and optimal management of remittances inflow through the appropriate monetary authority. This may include formulating policy that will ease remittance inflow and remove unnecessary barriers to inflow of remittances. Originality/value: The study contributes to literature by examining whether international remittances within the optimist theoretical framework significantly impact per capita economic growth (PCEG) in Nigeria.

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35

Ismer, Roland, and Julia Ruß. "What Is International Double Taxation?" Intertax 48, Issue 6/7 (June 1, 2020): 555–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2020052.

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With the recent entry into force of the European Dispute Resolution Directive, the term international double taxation has gained legal relevance. This calls for revisiting the definition of international double taxation. This contribution presents the main approaches in the scholarly literature and demonstrates that the widely accepted definition of international double taxation is imprecise. Considering the function of tax treaties, it should instead be understood as a specific disadvantage to cross-border situations resulting from taxation by two or more states. Thus, neither discrimination by solely one state nor virtual double taxation constitute international double taxation in this context. The opposite is valid for intertemporal double taxation when new treaty rules must be created. The European Dispute Resolution Directive accords with the discrimination approach advocated here and substantiates the requirement of discrimination through three different variants. International double taxation, dispute resolution directive, juridical double taxation, economic double taxation, virtual double taxation, intertemporal double taxation, credit method, exemption method, single taxation, double non-taxation.

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36

Lapid, Gabriel, Andrea Jeanne Lugtu, and Dela Cruz, Eloisa. "Macroeconomic Determinants of International Migration of Overseas Filipino Workers." Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies 4, no. 1 (February 22, 2022): 492–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jefas.2022.4.1.30.

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This study focuses on the econometric analysis of determinants of international migration of overseas Filipino workers across different countries. The number of overseas Filipino workers as the regressand, while the regressors are remittances, unemployment, and wage rate, using time-series data from years 1990 to 2019. The selected variables are considered as a few of the major economic factors why Filipino workers migrate. Other determinants or factors of migration were not examined by the researchers. This study discovered that remittances, wage rate, and unemployment rate are statistically significant and positively correlated to the parameters of overseas Filipino workers in the Philippines. It is determined that remittances are positively correlated with the number of overseas Filipino workers. In addition, it was discovered that the unemployment rate and the number of overseas Filipino workers are negatively correlated in the absence of the wage rate and remittances in the simple linear regression. However, due to the influence of the wage rate and remittances in the model, the relationship of the unemployment rate with the number of overseas Filipino workers proves to be positively correlated. The obtained value of the model suggests that 91.21% of the variability in overseas Filipino workers can be explained by the variability of all independent variables. Furthermore, as indicated by the diagnostic tests' result, including the Pearson R correlation coefficient, the overall model is significant and shows no evidence of multicollinearity, serial correlation, heteroscedasticity, and irregular distribution of residuals.

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37

Idrissi, Boutaina Ismaili, and Sara Kawkaba. "The Impact of International Remittances on Poverty: Evidence From The Southern and Eastern Mediterranean Countries." Migration and Diversity 2, no. 2 (July 5, 2023): 203–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/md.v2i2.2876.

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Workers Remittances represent an important source of financing for recipient countries to the extent that it exceeds sometimes foreign direct investment (FDI) flows (Sirkeci, Ratha, Cohen, 2012). International remittances flowing into developing economies has gained an increasing importance regarding the volume of these flows, their importance for the financial sector as well as their overall impact at the economic and social levels. Based upon a review of theoretical and empirical literature, this paper uses an econometric model based on the basic growth poverty model suggested by (Ravallion, 1997) and (Ravallion & Chen, 1997) accompanied by the frameworks postulated by (Adams & Page, 2005) to assess the impact of remittances in terms of reducing the level of poverty. It is based on panel data of eight Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries (SEMEC) (Algeria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Tunisia, Turkey and West bank and Gaza) over the period 2000-2018. In most of these countries, remittances represent the largest foreign exchange earnings and represent an average of 8% of GDP. The results suggest that remittances have a positive impact on growth and therefore contribute through income to poverty reduction. This impact becomes significant as the level of remittances relative to GDP increases.

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38

CHRISTIANS, ALLISON, SAMUEL A. DONALDSON, PHILIP F. POSTLEWAITE, and Cynthia Blum. "United States International Taxation." Journal of the American Taxation Association 32, no. 2 (September 1, 2010): 93–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/jata.2010.32.2.93.

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39

Keen, Michael, and David Wildasin. "Pareto-Efficient International Taxation." American Economic Review 94, no. 1 (February 1, 2004): 259–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282804322970797.

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This paper analyzes Pareto-efficient international tax regimes. Because every country faces its own national budget constraint, the Diamond-Mirrlees production-efficiency theorem, which underlies key tenets of policy advice in international taxation—the desirability of destination basis for commodity taxation, of the residence principle for capital income taxation, and of free trade—does not apply. The paper establishes conditions—relating to the availability of explicit or implicit devices for reallocating tax revenues across countries—under which production efficiency is nevertheless desirable, and characterizes the precise ways in which Pareto-efficient international taxation may require violation of established tenets.

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40

Hogan, Warren P. "Taxation and international banking." International Review of Financial Analysis 12, no. 5 (January 2003): 467–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1057-5219(03)00064-4.

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41

Mutti, John. "Studies in international taxation." Journal of International Economics 37, no. 1-2 (August 1994): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1996(94)90031-0.

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42

Khanal, Kalpana, and Zdravka Todorova. "Land, International Mobile Labor, Remittances, and Provisioning." Journal of Economic Issues 56, no. 2 (April 3, 2022): 475–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00213624.2022.2061796.

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43

PETROSYAN, Narine. "FLOW OF INTERNATIONAL REMITTANCES: CHRONICLE OF ARMENIA." Amberd Bulletin, no. 5 (2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52174/2579-2989_2021_5_83.

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44

Alam. "Impacts on International Migration and Remittances Growth." American Journal of Environmental Sciences 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2011.20.25.

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45

Anyanwu, John C., and Andrew E. O. Erhijakpor. "Do International Remittances Affect Poverty in Africa?" African Development Review 22, no. 1 (March 2010): 51–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8268.2009.00228.x.

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46

Karki, Renuka Kumari. "International Labor Migration and Remittances in Nepal." Journal of Population and Development 1, no. 1 (November 27, 2020): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpd.v1i1.33114.

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International migration and remittance are major areas of population and development. This study identifies the trend and destination of foreign labor migration in Nepal and highlights the flow of remittance status and its contribution to the gross domestic product in Nepal. This study is based on the secondary data collected from the various national and international organizations. Migration from Nepal has expanded tremendously since the mid-1990s, accompanied by a continuous broadening of the variety of destinations. Nepal has observed a rapid increase of absent population over census periods. International migration for work has changed significantly as is evident in the growing outflow of temporary migration of youths, both men and women, to work in newly emerging economies like Malaysia, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and United Arab Emirates. Emigration has come to be recognized as an important factor both for changing ways of life of people and for the positive contribution to the nation’s economy. In terms of remittance inflows as percent of GDP, Nepal is the third largest remittance receiver in the world. Taking all these factors into consideration, the only problem with it is that; until now, the government only seems to have adopted policies to encourage youth to find employment opportunities and provide remittance in turn but not for them to invest in productive sector to create more jobs and to retain working age population within the country.

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47

Can, Zeynep Gizem, and Hakkı çiftçi. "International Remittances and Poverty: Blessing or Curse?" Ekonomický časopis 70, no. 6 (October 31, 2022): 544–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.31577/ekoncas.2022.06.04.

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48

Anaman, George, Precious Allor, and Owura Kuffuor. "International remittances and political participation in Ghana." Scientific African 22 (November 2023): e01941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01941.

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Ullah, AKM Ahsan, and Ibrahim Sirkeci. "Editorial." Remittances Review 3, no. 1 (May 14, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v3i1.423.

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Remittance flows in many developing countries have proved to be a lifeline to millions of households as well as the economies of many developing countries. Remittances have contributed a significant portion of GDPs in many countries. For example, remittances contribute about 50 per cent to Tajikistan’s GDP. As the volume of international migration increased substantially over the recent decades so did the volume of remittances. This is slightly slower than the past, for example, from 1970 to 2015, remittances increased by more than 500 per cent (see Ullah, 2017). However, it was proven that remittances were resilient to crises. The themes of the papers the current issue of Remittance Review include are geographically wide and thematically deep. The authors paid attention to a range of interesting dimensions of remittances i.e. how remittances become a development actor; interplay between remittances and growth and how remittances appear to diversify income sources in rural communities.

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50

Farhat Iqbal Awan, Maria, Zubda Zia Ur Rehman, Anum Abdullah, and Saleha Waheed. "Role of international remittances in poverty alleviation: A panel data study of developing countries." Journal of Management Info 9, no. 3 (January 17, 2023): 347–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31580/jmi.v9i3.2673.

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Remittances are the funds sent by individuals to their home country from the host country and are the main source of foreign funding after FDI. Remittances are a crucial source of subsistence for the countries that are still in developing phase. Due to of the increasing scale and effect on the origin country, the international remittance flows into the developing country have gained the attention of numerous analysts from all over the world. This study examines the role of foreign remittances in poverty alleviation utilizing the panel data set of Asian countries, precisely nine developing countries. For the dependent variable this study uses poverty gap and the independent variables are Remittances as percentage of GDP, Per capita GDP, External debt as percentage of GNI and Trade openness as percentage of GDP. The findings reveal that foreign emittances have a significant role in alleviating poverty gap. The results of the random effect model showed that a 1% increase in international remittances as percentage of GDP leads to a decrease of 65.932% in poverty gap at $1.90 poverty line in the sample developing economies from 1990-2019. In addition, the results indicate, trade openness and per capita GDP decrease poverty and external debt seems to increase poverty.

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