Статті в журналах: "International Medical Graduate"

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Chandra, Bhuvana. "IMG (International Medical Graduate)." Annals of Internal Medicine 129, no. 11_Part_1 (December 1, 1998): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-129-11_part_1-199812010-00016.

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Dedicoat, Martin. "International Medical Graduate Training." Clinical Medicine 5, no. 4 (July 1, 2005): 420.1–420. http://dx.doi.org/10.7861/clinmedicine.5-4-420.

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Hallock, James A., Stephen S. Seeling, and John J. Norcini. "The International Medical Graduate Pipeline." Health Affairs 22, no. 4 (July 2003): 94–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.22.4.94.

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Jolly, Paul, John Boulet, Gwen Garrison, and Mona M. Signer. "Participation in U.S. Graduate Medical Education by Graduates of International Medical Schools." Academic Medicine 86, no. 5 (May 2011): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e318212de4d.

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5

Yuan, Judy Chia-Chun, Foteini Touloumi, Fatemeh Afshari, Michael Spector, and Cortino Sukotjo. "Foreign-Trained Dentist vs. International Medical Graduate: What Can We Learn from International Medical Graduate Literature?" Education Sciences 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci12090631.

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The United States of America has traditionally attracted people from various countries, including physicians and dentists, who wish to further their education and career in the U.S. international medical graduates’ (IMGs) role has been shown to be vital in medical academics and healthcare delivery systems. IMGs’ demographics, contribution to the U.S. healthcare system, education and research, and challenges in the U.S. medical system have been extensively investigated. However, similar data are limited to foreign-trained dentists (FTDs). This study reviews the current literature related to IMGs and FTDs and proposes some recommendations for future studies.

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Dagher, Gilbert Abou, Christopher Lewandowski, Syed S. Ali, Carol Barsky, Brigitte Kazzi, Mohamad Ali Cheaito, Shahram Lotfipour, Amin Kazzi, and Ziad Kazzi. "The International Medical Graduate and Emergency Medicine." Journal of Emergency Medicine 58, no. 2 (February 2020): e99-e104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2019.10.023.

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7

Delamothe, T. "The plight of the international medical graduate." BMJ 348, apr24 2 (April 24, 2014): g2894. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g2894.

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Bhatti, N., C. O'Keeffe, and J. Whiteman. "Programmes to support international medical graduate doctors." BMJ 348, jun05 2 (June 5, 2014): g3352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.g3352.

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Huang, A. "Continuing Controversy Over the International Medical Graduate." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 283, no. 13 (April 5, 2000): 1746—a—1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.13.1746-a.

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Huang, Alison. "Continuing Controversy Over the International Medical Graduate." JAMA 283, no. 13 (April 5, 2000): 1746. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.283.13.1746-jms0405-2-1.

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11

Elkady, Rasha. "45.2 EARLY CAREER INTERNATIONAL MEDICAL GRADUATE PSYCHIATRISTS." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 58, no. 10 (October 2019): S64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.07.409.

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12

Watts, Evan, Joel Davies, and David Metcalfe. "The Canadian International Medical Graduate Bottleneck: A New Problem for New Doctors." Canadian Medical Education Journal 2, no. 2 (November 22, 2011): e86-e90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36834/cmej.36566.

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Background: A growing population of Canadian students are travelling outside of Canada for medical training. The purpose of this study is to assess the opportunity for Canadians studying medicine abroad (CSAs) to secure post-graduate medical residency positions as International medical graduates (IMGs) in Canada.Methods: Current statistics on IMG applicants into the Canadian Residency Matching Service (CaRMS) will be compared to the number of CSAs applying to return to Canada.Results: In 2010, 75% (1232) of IMG applicants were unmatched following application to CaRMS, despite a doubling in positions reserved for IMGs from 2003. An estimated 3750 CSAs are currently attending over 55 medical schools globally; a six-fold increase since first reports in 2006. Between 2012 and 2014, it is estimated that 72.8% of CSAs will graduate, with 90.4% hoping to return to Canada for post-graduate residency training. Discussion: The increasing population of CSAs poses a significant risk for future IMGs attempting to secure postgraduate training positions in Canada. From this perspective, we have coined the term ‘Canadian IMG Bottleneck’ – which describes the funnelling effect that has been created by the growing number of CSAs and the limited number of IMG residency positions available in Canada.

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13

Whitcomb, M. E. "Participation of international medical graduates in graduate medical education and hospital care for the poor." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 274, no. 9 (September 6, 1995): 696–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.274.9.696.

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Whitcomb, Michael E. "Participation of International Medical Graduates in Graduate Medical Education and Hospital Care for the Poor." JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association 274, no. 9 (September 6, 1995): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1995.03530090028017.

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15

Holt, Kathleen D., Rebecca S. Miller, Ingrid Philibert, and Thomas J. Nasca. "Patterns of Change in ACGME-Accredited Residency Programs and Positions: Implication for the Adequacy of GME Positions and Supply of Physicians in the United States." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 6, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-14-00140.1.

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Abstract Background Recent studies suggest that the supply of primary care physicians and generalist physicians in other specialties may be inadequate to meet the needs of the US population. Data on the numbers and types of physicians-in-training, such as those collected by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), can be used to help understand variables affecting this supply. Objective We assessed trends in the number and type of medical school graduates entering accredited residencies, and the impact those trends could have on the future physician workforce. Methods Since 2004, the ACGME has published annually its data on accredited institutions, programs, and residents to help the graduate medical education community understand major trends in residency education, and to help guide graduate medical education policy. We present key results and trends for the period between academic years 2003–2004 and 2012–2013. Results The data show that increases in trainees in accredited programs are not uniform across specialties, or the types of medical school from which trainees graduated. In the past 10 years, the growth in residents entering training that culminates in initial board certification (“pipeline” specialties) was 13.0%, the number of trainees entering subspecialty education increased 39.9%. In the past 5 years, there has been a 25.8% increase in the number of osteopathic physicians entering allopathic programs. Conclusions These trends portend challenges in absorbing the increasing numbers of allopathic and osteopathic graduates, and US international graduates in accredited programs. The increasing trend in subspecialization appears at odds with the current understanding of the need for generalist physicians.

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DeLengocky, Tayson. "International medical graduates can be the answer to osteopathic graduate medical education vacancies and international recognition of osteopathic medicine." Osteopathic Family Physician 2, no. 3 (May 2010): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.osfp.2010.01.004.

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Chakraborty, Rana, Mobeen H. Rathore, Benard P. Dreyer, and Fernando Stein. "The Pivotal Role of the International Medical Graduate." Pediatrics 143, no. 2 (January 10, 2019): e20181189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.2018-1189.

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Searight, H. Russell, and Jennifer Gafford. "Behavioral Science Education and the International Medical Graduate." Academic Medicine 81, no. 2 (February 2006): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-200602000-00015.

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19

Qazi, Uzair, and Laxminarayan Bhandari. "The International Medical Graduate Perspective in Hand Surgery." Hand Clinics 39, no. 1 (February 2023): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.hcl.2022.08.006.

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20

Shiffer, Christine D., John R. Boulet, Lisa L. Cover, and William W. Pinsky. "Advancing the Quality of Medical Education Worldwide: ECFMG's 2023 Medical School Accreditation Requirement." Journal of Medical Regulation 105, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-105.4.8.

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ABSTRACT Certification by the Educational Commission for Foreign Medical Graduates (ECFMG®) is required for international medical graduates (IMGs) to enter U.S. graduate medical education (GME). As a gatekeeper to the U.S. health care system, ECFMG has a duty to verify that these individuals have met minimum standards for undergraduate medical education. Historically, ECFMG has focused on evaluating individual graduates, not medical schools. However, in response to the rapid growth of medical schools around the world and increasing physician migration, ECFMG decided in 2010 to institute medical school accreditation as a future requirement for ECFMG certification. More specifically, beginning in 2023, individuals applying for ECFMG certification will be required to be a student or graduate of a medical school that is accredited by an agency recognized by the World Federation for Medical Education (WFME). By requiring accreditation by an agency that has met WFME's standards, ECFMG seeks to improve the quality, consistency and transparency of undergraduate medical education worldwide. The 2023 Medical School Accreditation Requirement is intended to stimulate global accreditation efforts, increase the information publicly available about medical schools, and provide greater assurance to medical students, regulatory authorities, and the public that these future physicians will be appropriately educated.

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Ahmed, Awad A., Wei-Ting Hwang, Charles R. Thomas, and Curtiland Deville. "International Medical Graduates in the US Physician Workforce and Graduate Medical Education: Current and Historical Trends." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 10, no. 2 (April 1, 2018): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-17-00580.1.

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ABSTRACT Background Data show that international medical graduates (IMGs), both US and foreign born, are more likely to enter primary care specialties and practice in underserved areas. Comprehensive assessments of representation trends for IMGs in the US physician workforce are limited. Objective We reported current and historical representation trends for IMGs in the graduate medical education (GME) training pool and US practicing physician workforce. Methods We compared representation for the total GME and active practicing physician pools with the 20 largest residency specialties. A 2-sided test was used for comparison, with P < .001 considered significant. To assess significant increases in IMG GME trainee representation for the total pool and each of the specialties from 1990–2015, the slope was estimated using simple linear regression. Results IMGs showed significantly greater representation among active practicing physicians in 4 specialties: internal medicine (39%), neurology (31%), psychiatry (30%), and pediatrics (25%). IMGs in GME showed significantly greater representation in 5 specialties: pathology (39%), internal medicine (39%), neurology (36%), family medicine (32%), and psychiatry (31%; all P < .001). Over the past quarter century, IMG representation in GME has increased by 0.2% per year in the total GME pool, and 1.1% per year for family medicine, 0.5% for obstetrics and gynecology and general surgery, and 0.3% for internal medicine. Conclusions IMGs make up nearly a quarter of the total GME pool and practicing physician workforce, with a disproportionate share, and larger increases over our study period in certain specialties.

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John J. Norcini, Marta van Zanten, and John R. Boulet. "The Contribution of International Medical Graduates to Diversity in the U.S. Physician Workforce: Graduate Medical Education." Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 19, no. 2 (2008): 493–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.0.0015.

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Whelan, Gerald P. "The Changing Pool of International Medical Graduates Seeking Certification Training in US Graduate Medical Education Programs." JAMA 288, no. 9 (September 4, 2002): 1079. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.9.1079.

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Buljan, Ivan, and Esther Park. "Predictors of medical students’ research degree pursuit." St open 1 (2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.48188/so.1.2.

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Aim: The evidence about factors predicting the desire of medical graduates for pursuing research careers are inconsistent. Identification of factors which influence decision for pursuing research career would be important information to medical schools to improve research environment for students. For that reason, we performed an international survey of medical students to analyze the factors predicting research careers in medicine. Methods: An international online survey of undergraduate and graduate medical students was performed, using the using the data from Res Medica student journal database, about their research activities, future interests and plans and desire to pursue research careers. Results: In total, 486 students took the survey. Logistic regression revealed a single significant factor influencing medical students’ desire to pursue a research degree: in-creased motivation for participation in research in future (R2=0.33). Conclusion: In order to encourage students and training doctors to more readily engage in research, exposure to re-search and research participation could have an incremental value to existing research education in medical schools.

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Woods, Scott E., Aaron Harju, Shoba Rao, Julie Koo, and Divya Kini. "Perceived Biases and Prejudices Experienced by International Medical Graduates in the US Post-Graduate Medical Education System." Medical Education Online 11, no. 1 (December 2006): 4595. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/meo.v11i.4595.

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Blanco, Carlos, Cletus Carvalho, Mark Olfson, Molly Finnerty, and Harold Alan Pincus. "Practice Patterns of International and U.S. Medical Graduate Psychiatrists." American Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 445–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.156.3.445.

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Aranha, Gerard V. "The International Medical Graduate in US Academic General Surgery." Archives of Surgery 133, no. 2 (February 1, 1998): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archsurg.133.2.130.

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Khalafallah, Adham M., Adrian E. Jimenez, Samantha Camp, Melanie A. Horowitz, Ian Chiu, David Ryu, Natasha Charewycz, et al. "Predictors of Academic Neurosurgical Career Trajectory among International Medical Graduates Training Within the United States." Neurosurgery 89, no. 3 (June 10, 2021): 478–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyab194.

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Abstract BACKGROUND Within the literature, there has been limited research tracking the career trajectories of international medical graduates (IMGs) following residency training. OBJECTIVE To compare the characteristics of IMG and US medical school graduate (USMG) neurosurgeons holding academic positions in the United States and also analyze factors that influence IMG career trajectories following US-based residency training. METHODS We collected data on 243 IMGs and 2506 USMGs who graduated from Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited neurosurgery residency programs. We assessed for significant differences between cohorts, and a logistic regression model was used for the outcome of academic career trajectory. RESULTS Among the 2749 neurosurgeons in our study, IMGs were more likely to pursue academic neurosurgery careers relative to USMGs (59.7% vs 51.1%; P = .011) and were also more likely to complete a research fellowship before beginning residency (odds ratio [OR] = 9.19; P < .0001). Among current US academic neurosurgeons, USMGs had significantly higher pre-residency h-indices relative to IMGs (1.23 vs 1.01; P < .0001) with no significant differences between cohorts when comparing h-indices during (USMG = 5.02, IMG = 4.80; P = .67) or after (USMG = 14.05, IMG = 13.90; P = .72) residency. Completion of a post-residency clinical fellowship was the only factor independently associated with an academic career trajectory among IMGs (OR = 1.73, P = .046). CONCLUSION Our study suggests that while IMGs begin their US residency training with different research backgrounds and achievements relative to USMG counterparts, they attain similar levels of academic productivity following residency. Furthermore, IMGs are more likely to pursue academic careers relative to USMGs. Our work may be useful for better understanding IMG career trajectories following US-based neurosurgery residency training.

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Arnhart, Katie, Xiaomei Pei, and Aaron Young. "The Rise of Female International Medical Graduates and their Contribution to Physician Supply in the United States." Journal of Medical Regulation 103, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30770/2572-1852-103.1.5.

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The rise of female physicians has provided care to the growing and evolving United States population. According to the 2014 FSMB Census of Licensed Physicians, 32% of actively licensed physicians are female. Less attention, however, has been given to the location of medical school graduation and its association with the growing population of female physicians. This study examines physicians who were issued their first license in the United States by gender and by where they graduated from medical school. Using data from the Federation of State Medical Boards' (FSMB) Physician Data Center, the authors measured the percentage of first-time licenses issued between 1990 and 2014 to females and by where they graduated from medical school — that is, either a United States medical graduate (USMG) or an international medical graduate (IMG). Key findings indicate that between 1990 and 2014, first-time licenses issued to IMG females have increased from 25% to 45% (31% to 47% for USMG females). Furthermore, the percentage of first-time licenses issued to female IMGs increased among international regions with the highest number of licensed physicians in the U.S. The findings support that a greater percentage of first-time licenses issued to IMGs have been to females over the past two and half decades. Analyzing the trend of first-time licenses issued to physicians by gender and location of medical school graduation adds to better understanding the physician pipeline and physicians' transition from medical school to the practicing medical community in the United States.

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Ho, Ming-Jung, Kevin Shaw, Tzu-Hung Liu, Jessie Norris, and Yu-Ting Chiu. "Equal, global, local: discourses in Taiwan's international medical graduate debate." Medical Education 49, no. 1 (December 29, 2014): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/medu.12619.

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Higgins, Niall S., Kersi Taraporewalla, Michael Steyn, Rajesh Brijball, and Marcus Watson. "Workforce education issues for international medical graduate specialists in anaesthesia." Australian Health Review 34, no. 2 (2010): 246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah09793.

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International medical graduate (IMG) specialists in anaesthesia need education to be part of the assessment process for pre-registration college fellowship. Fellowship of the anaesthetic college is required in Australia for registration as a specialist in this field. Marked differences exist between local trainees and IMG specialists in terms of training, stakes of the exam and isolation of practice. We have examined the reasons for the low pass rate for IMG specialists compared to the local trainees in the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) final fellowship examinations. We also offer an IMG specialists’ view of this perceived problem. It highlights their difficulties in obtaining adequate supervision and education. What is known about the topic?There has been a worldwide shortage of doctors over the last decade. In Australia this shortage has been attributed to government policy in the 1990s limiting the number of medical school places. Other factors that may have contributed to this shortage are changes in the practice of medicine, increasing specialisation, growth in population and patterns of population settlement at the coastal fringes of Australia. The use of international medical graduates and reliance on them is associated with several problems and challenges. A key factor relates to their performance at a standard acceptable to the country. What does the paper add?This paper offers an examination of the issues that present to IMG specialists located at rural and remote areas of Australia. The global aim of this study is to understand the workforce education issues that present to IMG specialists as a basis for supporting this group, having migrated to Australia, to better prepare for assessment of their practice in this country. Results of a survey of IMG specialists in Anaesthesia are included to contribute to an overall view. It highlights their understanding of the issues that present when preparing for specialist assessments. What are the implications for practitioners?This information will be useful for policy practitioners who determine critical elements that influence workforce planning and education support. Decision makers will be able to make more informed decisions on the need to integrate education into planning for workforce efficiencies. There are currently no published data explaining why the pass rate for IMG specialist in anaesthesia is so different from local trainees and this paper also offers a viewpoint of present issues from those who are attempting these examinations.

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Byrne, Lauren M., Kathleen D. Holt, Thomas Richter, Rebecca S. Miller, and Thomas J. Nasca. "Tracking Residents Through Multiple Residency Programs: A Different Approach for Measuring Residents' Rates of Continuing Graduate Medical Education in ACGME-Accredited Programs." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 2, no. 4 (December 1, 2010): 616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-10-00105.1.

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Abstract Background Increased focus on the number and type of physicians delivering health care in the United States necessitates a better understanding of changes in graduate medical education (GME). Data collected by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) allow longitudinal tracking of residents, revealing the number and type of residents who continue GME following completion of an initial residency. We examined trends in the percent of graduates pursuing additional clinical education following graduation from ACGME-accredited pipeline specialty programs (specialties leading to initial board certification). Methods Using data collected annually by the ACGME, we tracked residents graduating from ACGME-accredited pipeline specialty programs between academic year (AY) 2002–2003 and AY 2006–2007 and those pursuing additional ACGME-accredited training within 2 years. We examined changes in the number of graduates and the percent of graduates continuing GME by specialty, by type of medical school, and overall. Results The number of pipeline specialty graduates increased by 1171 (5.3%) between AY 2002–2003 and AY 2006–2007. During the same period, the number of graduates pursuing additional GME increased by 1059 (16.7%). The overall rate of continuing GME increased each year, from 28.5% (6331/22229) in AY 2002–2003 to 31.6% (7390/23400) in AY 2006–2007. Rates differed by specialty and for US medical school graduates (26.4% [3896/14752] in AY 2002–2003 to 31.6% [4718/14941] in AY 2006–2007) versus international medical graduates (35.2% [2118/6023] to 33.8% [2246/6647]). Conclusion The number of graduates and the rate of continuing GME increased from AY 2002–2003 to AY 2006–2007. Our findings show a recent increase in the rate of continued training for US medical school graduates compared to international medical graduates. Our results differ from previously reported rates of subspecialization in the literature. Tracking individual residents through residency and fellowship programs provides a better understanding of residents' pathways to practice.

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Sheldon, George F. "Workforce Issues in General Surgery." American Surgeon 73, no. 2 (February 2007): 100–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313480707300203.

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Healthcare in the 21st century will be characterized by an aging population, increased costs, and scientific and technological advances. It will be characterized by a physician shortage, especially of specialists. Healthcare will be increasingly provided by caregivers with a spectrum of diverse educational backgrounds other than M.D. graduates of United States medical schools, such as international medical graduates, Doctors of Osteopathy, and Non-Physicians Clinicians. General surgery and other specialties are attempting to clarify the roles and services that their specialties will provide. Designing modern undergraduate and graduate educational programs is key to planning for healthcare in the 21st century.

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El-Guebaly, Nady, and Mark Atkinson. "Physician Resource Variables and Their Impact on the Future Pool of Research Expertise among Psychiatrists: The Canadian Association or Professors of Psychiatry and Canadian Psychiatric Association Survey." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 3 (April 1996): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100304.

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Objective: To assess the impact of the increased proportion of female psychiatrists and trainees, the rapid reduction of international medical graduates allowed in the country, and the expanding number of practitioners with subspecialization on the future pool of psychiatrist researchers in Canadian academic departments of psychiatry. Method: A questionnaire was adapted to suit the Canadian milieu and distributed to a target population of 2484, including a core of 522 full-time faculty. Results: Female psychiatrists responding to the questionnaire reported less research involvement overall than their male counterparts. International medical graduates with both undergraduate and residency training abroad reported more research interests than other graduate categories. Respondents training in a subspecialty showed no difference in research commitment. Conclusions: Concerted efforts must be made to recruit, support, and retain female researchers. Particular attention must be paid to developing research expertise among Canadian medical graduates. The trend towards subspecialization influences only the selection of research topic.

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Stadler, Dora J., Halah Ibrahim, Debalina Dutta, Joseph Cofrancesco, and Sophia Archuleta. "Program Director Retention and Attrition Rates in International Graduate Medical Education." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 12, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-20-00014.1.

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ABSTRACT Background Program directors (PDs) are integral to the education of the next generation of physicians. Yet, administrative burdens, substantial patient care responsibilities, and lack of protected time for teaching may contribute to work-life imbalance and physician burnout, leading to high rates of attrition. Data on international residency program leadership turnover are lacking. Objective This study aimed to quantify PD turnover in Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-International (ACGME-I) accredited programs in Singapore, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Qatar, and to compare to US PD attrition rates. Methods Data on PD turnover in international programs was extracted from the ACGME-I Accreditation Data System for academic years 2010–2011 through 2018–2019 for Singapore and 2013–2014 through 2018–2019 for UAE and Qatar. Rates of PD turnover were calculated by country and by ACGME-I medical-, surgical-, and hospital-based specialty groupings and compared using χ2 test. Annual US PD turnover data was extracted from the ACGME's Data Resource Book. Results Seventy programs met inclusion criteria. International PD attrition was high, with 56 programs (80%) changing PDs since program inception, and 16 programs (29%) having 2 or more PD turnovers. There was no significant difference between PD turnover rates in hospital (83%), medical (79%), or surgical (78%) specialties. International PD attrition rates varied from 7% to 20% annually and were comparable to PD turnover in US programs (range 12%–15%). Conclusions High PD turnover rates in newly accredited international residency programs were noted, although annual attrition rates were comparable to US residency programs.

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Agrawal, ShantanuP. "Republication: International medical graduate perceptions of health policy: A pilot study." International Journal of Academic Medicine 2, no. 3 (2016): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2455-5568.188736.

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Archuleta, Sophia, Nicholas Chew, and Halah Ibrahim. "The Value of International Research and Learning in Graduate Medical Education." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 11, no. 4s (August 1, 2019): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-19-00478.

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Dorgan, Kelly A., Forrest Lang, Michael Floyd, and Evelyn Kemp. "International Medical Graduate–Patient Communication: A Qualitative Analysis of Perceived Barriers." Academic Medicine 84, no. 11 (November 2009): 1567–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/acm.0b013e3181baf5b1.

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39

Halpern, Joshua A., Bashir Al Hussein Al Awamlh, Sameer Mittal, Jonathan E. Shoag, Jim C. Hu, and Richard K. Lee. "International Medical Graduate Training in Urology: Are We Missing an Opportunity?" Urology 95 (September 2016): 39–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urology.2016.03.063.

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40

Nordhues, Hannah C., M. Usmaan Bashir, Stephen P. Merry, and Adam P. Sawatsky. "Graduate medical education competencies for international health electives: A qualitative study." Medical Teacher 39, no. 11 (August 28, 2017): 1128–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0142159x.2017.1361518.

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41

Pryor, Elizabeth, and Robyn Woodward-Kron. "International medical graduate doctor to doctor telephone communication: A genre perspective." English for Specific Purposes 35 (July 2014): 41–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.esp.2013.12.001.

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42

Hart, L. Gary, Susan M. Skillman, Meredith Fordyce, Matthew Thompson, Amy Hagopian, and Thomas R. Konrad. "International Medical Graduate Physicians In The United States: Changes Since 1981." Health Affairs 26, no. 4 (July 2007): 1159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.26.4.1159.

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43

Pierchorowicz, Joe. "Coming to Australia: An international medical graduate from a developed country." Emergency Medicine Australasia 28, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 590–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12667.

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Manzanares, Nele. "Coming to Australia: An international medical graduate from a developing country." Emergency Medicine Australasia 28, no. 5 (August 30, 2016): 592–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1742-6723.12668.

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45

Sockalingam, Sanjeev, Gurneet Thiara, Ari Zaretsky, Susan Abbey, and Raed Hawa. "A Transition to Residency Curriculum for International Medical Graduate Psychiatry Trainees." Academic Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (July 11, 2015): 353–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40596-015-0389-7.

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46

Kramer, Milton. "Medical Professionalism in the U.S.: Under Vigorous Challenge by International medical graduate committee of gap." Open Psychiatry Journal 7, no. 1 (June 4, 2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874354401307010009.

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47

Playford, Denese E., and Moira A. L. Maley. "Medical teaching in rural Australia: should we be concerned about the international medical graduate connection?" Medical Journal of Australia 189, no. 2 (July 2008): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.2008.tb01938.x.

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McGrail, Matthew R., Belinda G. O’Sullivan, and Deborah J. Russell. "Rural Work and Specialty Choices of International Students Graduating from Australian Medical Schools: Implications for Policy." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 5056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245056.

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Анотація:

Almost 500 international students graduate from Australian medical schools annually, with around 70% commencing medical work in Australia. If these Foreign Graduates of Accredited Medical Schools (FGAMS) wish to access Medicare benefits, they must initially work in Distribution Priority Areas (mainly rural). This study describes and compares the geographic and specialty distribution of FGAMS. Participants were 18,093 doctors responding to Medicine in Australia: Balancing Employment and Life national annual surveys, 2012–2017. Multiple logistic regression models explored location and specialty outcomes for three training groups (FGAMS; other Australian-trained (domestic) medical graduates (DMGs); and overseas-trained doctors (OTDs)). Only 19% of FGAMS worked rurally, whereas 29% of Australia’s population lives rurally. FGAMS had similar odds of working rurally as DMGs (OR 0.93, 0.77–1.13) and about half the odds of OTDs (OR 0.48, 0.39–0.59). FGAMS were more likely than DMGs to work as general practitioners (GPs) (OR 1.27, 1.03–1.57), but less likely than OTDs (OR 0.74, 0.59–0.92). The distribution of FGAMS, particularly geographically, is sub-optimal for improving Australia’s national medical workforce goals of adequate rural and generalist distribution. Opportunities remain for policy makers to expand current policies and develop a more comprehensive set of levers to promote rural and GP distribution from this group.

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Sarraf-Yazdi, Shiva, and Robert K Kamei. "An International Education Partnership: Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School at 10 Years." Applied Clinical Research, Clinical Trials and Regulatory Affairs 2, no. 1 (October 1, 2015): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213476x02666150610202851.

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Triscott, Jean A. C., Olga Szafran, Earle H. Waugh, Jacqueline M. I. Torti, and Martina Barton. "Cultural transition of international medical graduate residents into family practice in Canada." International Journal of Medical Education 7 (May 4, 2016): 132–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5116/ijme.570d.6f2c.

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