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Статті в журналах з теми "International macro"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Kouretas, Georgios P., and Athanasios P. Papadopoulos. "Macro-stability and international finance." Journal of Financial Stability 26 (October 2016): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2016.09.004.

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2

Vasiliev, Vladimir Petrovich. "International Rankings of Macro-Social Dynamics." Postmodern Openings 12, no. 1 (March 19, 2021): 252–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/po/12.1/258.

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The implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals and the Lisbon Strategy sets the task of a comprehensive study of the citizens` well-being, determining the state and trends in the level and quality of life not only by traditional methods of social statistics, but also through comprehensive sociological research. This approach has significant advantages since it allows us to generalize the state of social development of a society based on the population`s opinions, to study the emerging social risks that concern the population, to determine the differentiation of countries by indicators of well-being. The foundations of the new approach to the analysis of social processes were laid by the scientific achievements of the 60s of the last century. The dominant paradigm was the economic goals and parameters of statistically measured national income, household income, wages and their differentiation. The environmental risks that threaten the future of civilization were identified and analyzed in the 70s of the XX century. The production contradiction, which raised the question of measuring the quality of life in a new way, was articulated. The economic component (economic growth) was mixed and replaced with the welfare parameter. The sustainable development, including the indicators of well-being, the fight against poverty, and the environment were declared to be the goals of the society. The tasks of monitoring the solution of these problems are solved by sociological research, whose mathematical formalization can become a structural element of economic and mathematical modeling of social processes.

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3

Huang, Wenli, Shi Li, Zhen Qi, and Qi Zhang. "Macro disagreement and international stock markets." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 81 (November 2022): 101659. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2022.101659.

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4

Li, Huijing, Hong Li, Lei Lu, George Theocharides, and Xiong Xiong. "Macro disagreement and international options markets." Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money 65 (March 2020): 101187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.intfin.2020.101187.

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5

Meyer, Laurence H. "Macro Policy Coordination: Domestic and International." International Finance 5, no. 3 (November 2002): 463–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2362.00104.

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6

Botea, A., M. Enzenberger, M. Mueller, and J. Schaeffer. "Macro-FF: Improving AI Planning with Automatically Learned Macro-Operators." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 24 (October 2, 2005): 581–621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1696.

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Анотація:

Despite recent progress in AI planning, many benchmarks remain challenging for current planners. In many domains, the performance of a planner can greatly be improved by discovering and exploiting information about the domain structure that is not explicitly encoded in the initial PDDL formulation. In this paper we present and compare two automated methods that learn relevant information from previous experience in a domain and use it to solve new problem instances. Our methods share a common four-step strategy. First, a domain is analyzed and structural information is extracted, then macro-operators are generated based on the previously discovered structure. A filtering and ranking procedure selects the most useful macro-operators. Finally, the selected macros are used to speed up future searches. We have successfully used such an approach in the fourth international planning competition IPC-4. Our system, Macro-FF, extends Hoffmann's state-of-the-art planner FF 2.3 with support for two kinds of macro-operators, and with engineering enhancements. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our ideas on benchmarks from international planning competitions. Our results indicate a large reduction in search effort in those complex domains where structural information can be inferred.

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7

Agassant, Jean-François, and Han Meijer. "International Polymer Processing Special Issue Macro 2004." International Polymer Processing 20, no. 2 (May 2005): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.0522.

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8

Chernyakhovskaya, Yu V. "The Macro Impacts of International NPP Projects." Studies on Russian Economic Development 29, no. 1 (January 2018): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1075700718010021.

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9

Rapach, David E., Mark E. Wohar, and Jesper Rangvid. "Macro variables and international stock return predictability." International Journal of Forecasting 21, no. 1 (January 2005): 137–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2004.05.004.

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10

Devereux, Michael B., Charles Engel, Akito Matsumoto, Alessandro Rebucci, and Alan Sutherland. "JIE special issue on international macro-finance." Journal of International Economics 80, no. 1 (January 2010): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jinteco.2009.09.004.

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11

de Souza Gomes, Ailton. "41st International Symposium on Macromolecules (Macro 2006)." Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 207, no. 24 (December 19, 2006): 2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.200600554.

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12

Chrpa, Lukas, and Mauro Vallati. "Planning with Critical Section Macros: Theory and Practice." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 74 (June 9, 2022): 691–732. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.13269.

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Анотація:

Macro-operators (macros) are a well-known technique for enhancing performance of planning engines by providing “short-cuts” in the state space. Existing macro learning systems usually generate macros by considering most frequent action sequences in training plans. Unfortunately, frequent action sequences might not capture meaningful activities as a whole, leading to a limited beneficial impact for the planning process. In this paper, inspired by resource locking in critical sections in parallel computing, we propose a technique that generates macros able to capture whole activities in which limited resources (e.g., a robotic hand, or a truck) are used. Specifically, such a Critical Section macro starts by locking the resource (e.g., grabbing an object), continues by using the resource (e.g., manipulating the object) and finishes by releasing the resource (e.g., dropping the object). Hence, such a macro bridges states in which the resource is locked and cannot be used. We also introduce versions of Critical Section macros dealing with multiple resources and phased locks. Usefulness of macros is evaluated using a range of state-of-the-art planners, and a large number of benchmarks from the deterministic and learning tracks of recent editions of the International Planning Competition.

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13

Li, Yan, AHongling Guo, Yaowu Wang, Feng Wang, and Zheren Wang. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 12, no. 2 (August 31, 2009): 171–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100111.

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Анотація:

With the continuous increase of marketization and normalization in the Chinese real estate market, the market mechanism now plays an important role in market regulation. The existing macro-control system for the real estate market, however, appears to lack the ability to regulate it. Thus, an effective and efficient information-oriented tool is needed to guide the development of China’s real estate market. The research reported herein constructs a new macro-control system for this market that is based on information systems, specifically, a real estate warning system, a confidence index system, and a simulation system. This paper first presents the framework of the new information systems-based macro-control system, and its functions are analyzed. The methods of constructing the system are then discussed. Based on these methods, the index systems of the respective information systems are established, and the main models are presented. Finally, a case study that is based on survey data from the Shenzhen real estate market is described to demonstrate the applicability of the new macrocontrol system.

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14

Vaubel, Roland. "International Collusion or Competition for Macroeconomic Policy Coordination? A Restatement." Recherches économiques de Louvain 51, no. 3-4 (December 1985): 223–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800082609.

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Анотація:

Ever since the breakdown of the Bretton Woods System, there has been a chorus of economists calling for internationally negotiated coordination of macroeconomic policies. Most of them work for international organisations or have developed a special interest in discretionary macro-policy or optimal-control theory.At the same time, very little centralised coordination has actually taken place. Exchange rate surveillance by the International Monetary Fund does not seem to have played a major role. The economic summit meetings are not used to coordinate macro-policy any longer. Even the first Bonn Summit (1978), the apparent showpiece of centralised coordination, does not seem to have yielded internationally negotiated macroeconomic policy concessions from national governments, but rather enabled their leaders to pursue their domestic objectives against strong internal opposition.

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15

de Vries, Michiel S. "The Macro Polity." Acta Politica 38, no. 2 (June 2003): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ap.5500015.

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16

Baugher, Brooke, Tripp Shealy, Josh Iorio, and David B. Knight. "Impact of International Service Learning on Macro-Ethics:." International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship 14, no. 2 (November 25, 2019): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v14i2.13186.

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To address complex problems in a globalized workplace, future engineers must understand the ethical implications of their work in the global context. International service learning is a possible approach for future engineers to gain an understanding of ethical implications in a global context. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential benefits that international service learning may add to engineering ethics education. The quantitative study measured senior engineering students’ understanding of ethics from a national sample of students enrolled in capstone design courses (n=2095) in three types of international service learning experiences: capstone, volunteer/work, or co-curricular. Students who participated in international service learning through capstone and volunteer/work experience scored significantly (p<0.01, p<0.001 respectively) higher to questions that measured their understanding of ethics. Males compared to female engineering students showed the largest difference in their understanding of ethics. The integration of international service learning into engineering education should be more seriously considered to aid in more effectively teaching ethics. Male engineering students, who make up nearly 80% of engineering programs, can benefit the most in their ethics education from international service learning.

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17

Grüning, Patrick. "International endogenous growth, macro anomalies, and asset prices." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 78 (May 2017): 118–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2017.03.007.

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18

Chrpa, Lukáš, and Mauro Vallati. "Improving Domain-Independent Planning via Critical Section Macro-Operators." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 33 (July 17, 2019): 7546–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v33i01.33017546.

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Анотація:

Macro-operators, macros for short, are a well-known technique for enhancing performance of planning engines by providing “short-cuts” in the state space. Existing macro learning systems usually generate macros from most frequent sequences of actions in training plans. Such approach priorities frequently used sequences of actions over meaningful activities to be performed for solving planning tasks. This paper presents a technique that, inspired by resource locking in critical sections in parallel computing, learns macros capturing activities in which a limited resource (e.g., a robotic hand) is used. In particular, such macros capture the whole activity in which the resource is “locked” (e.g., the robotic hand is holding an object) and thus “bridge” states in which the resource is locked and cannot be used. We also introduce an “aggressive” variant of our technique that removes original operators superseded by macros from the domain model. Usefulness of macros is evaluated on several stateof-the-art planners, and a wide range of benchmarks from the learning tracks of the 2008 and 2011 editions of the International Planning Competition.

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19

Kaukab, M. Elfan. "The Development of MSMEs International Networks through Internationalization." SHS Web of Conferences 86 (2020): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20208601022.

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This article studies the effects of relationship bonding, entrepreneurial cognition, and market dynamism towards internationalization and their impacts in MSMEs network growth. This article examines hypotheses derived from theory and research employing structural model analysis in 150 exporting-MSMEs in Central Java province, Indonesia. This research reveals that relationship bonding influences internationalization while entrepreneurial cognition and market dynamism do not. Internationalization affects the MSMEs network growth. This leads to the finding that MSMEs internationalization in Central Java, Indonesia is promoted more by social factors instead of individual and macro environment, while network growth is stimulated by individual and macro environment instead of social factors. Social determinant directs internationalization and individual and macro determinant regulates network expansion. The implementation of network theory and ecosystem management theory to comprehend MSMEs internationalization and network growth. This research provides supports to encourage educators and policy makers upgrade the skills of MSMEs practitioners in developing international business. This research compares social perspective, individual perspective, and macro environment in an empirical study in a developing country. This research offers solution to comprehend internationalization and network growth involving market dynamism and entrepreneurial cognition as well as bonding relationship as determinants.

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20

Liu, Wei. "Diversification of International Student Base." Journal of International Students 11, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.32674/jis.v11i1.1710.

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Underlying the goal of diversifying the sources of international students in post-secondary education is a naive logic: The portfolio of international students is controlled by the recruitment efforts of host countries and universities. Given this logic, the host countries and universities decide on where their international students are from and how diverse their international student population is. The logic results in an overestimate of the value of recruitment efforts by host countries and universities. It tends to overlook a whole range of other macro factors that determine international student mobility more significantly than recruitment efforts. Most notably, certain macro factors are beyond the control of host countries and universities, and their diversification efforts are futile and a waste of resources.

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21

Nnyanzi, John Bosco. "What drives international remittances to Africa." African Journal of Economic and Management Studies 7, no. 3 (September 5, 2016): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ajems-07-2013-0067.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the macro-economic and institutional drivers of remittance inflows to Africa. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses an enhanced gravity model in a random effects framework to test two hypotheses dominant in literature as well as the institutional quality hypothesis. A bilateral data set is created from the most recent available remittance data set to afford the capture of the impact of the selected macro-economic variables from both the host and recipient countries. Findings The results provide support for the trio hypotheses. A key finding is the co-existence of altruism and self-interest motives. Also, control of corruption, financial development and a reduction in unofficial economic activity are observed to facilitate remittance inflows. The authors confirm the resilience of remittances during the global crisis and document a positive significant relationship between remittance inflows on the one hand and host migration stock, age dependency, etc., on the other. Practical implications This paper generates various insights in the design of relevant macro-economic and institutional policies to enhance remittance inflows and the productive use of the same for purposes of economic growth and development via poverty reduction and secure resource flow. Originality/value The majority of previous studies on the determinants of remittance inflows have basically focussed on the microeconomic variables, an approach that could understate the macro-economic impact of remittances and lead to inadequate policy formulation. The use of an enhanced gravity model on a newly created bilateral data set in the analysis is a nuance in the economics of remittances. Besides, previous studies have often ignored the institutional environment as critical in the remittance-determinant model.

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22

MCGINLEY, WILLIAM. "Mechanisms and microfoundations in International Relations theory." Review of International Studies 40, no. 2 (June 17, 2013): 367–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210513000156.

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AbstractThis article looks at prospects for a mechanism-based research strategy in the study of International Relations. Over the past three decades, the notions of mechanism and microfoundation have taken a central place in discussions of explanation and ‘micro-macro’ problems in social science. The upshot of much of this discussion has been a call for mechanism-based explanations – explanations of macro-level phenomena in terms of micro-level mechanisms. Some work of this kind can already be found in IR theory, including in systemic research. However, a number of IR theorists, including Kenneth Waltz and Alexander Wendt, have argued that micro-oriented strategies like this will not work, pointing to incongruities between system- and unit-level phenomena. This article argues that these pose less hindrance to a fully-developed model of mechanism-based explanation, and that the field has much to gain from further exploration of this strategy. In particular, mechanism-based explanations could help bring structure back to the centre of discussion in IR theory, and might even give us a way out of the field's own micro-macro problems.

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23

Malinova, Vesela, and Ignacio Rintoul. "Conference Report: 40th International Symposium on Macromolecules-MACRO 2004." Polymer News 29, no. 11 (November 2004): 355–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00323910490981597.

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24

Knuth, Rebecca. "School Librarianship and Macro-Level Policy Issues: International Perspectives." IFLA Journal 21, no. 4 (December 1995): 290–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/034003529502100411.

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25

Lane, Philip R. "International Financial Flows and Macro-Financial Risk in SSA." Journal of African Economies 25, no. 4 (May 27, 2016): 580–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jae/ejw008.

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26

Eaton, Jonathan, Samuel Kortum, and Brent Neiman. "Obstfeld and Rogoff׳s international macro puzzles: a quantitative assessment." Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 72 (November 2016): 5–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jedc.2016.06.002.

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27

Perri, Fabrizio, and Vincenzo Quadrini. "International Recessions." American Economic Review 108, no. 4-5 (April 1, 2018): 935–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140412.

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Анотація:

Macro developments leading up to the 2008 crisis displayed an unprecedented degree of international synchronization. Before the crisis, all G7 countries experienced credit growth and, around the time of the Lehman bankruptcy, they all faced sharp and large contractions in both real and financial activity. Using a two-country model with financial frictions, we show that a global liquidity shortage induced by pessimistic self-fulfilling expectations can quantitatively generate patterns like those observed in the data. The model also suggests that crises are less frequent with more international financial integration but, when they hit, they are larger and more synchronized across countries. (JEL E23, E32, E44, F44, G01)

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28

Fève, Patrick. "La modélisation macro-économétrique dynamique." Revue d'économie politique 116, no. 2 (2006): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/redp.162.0147.

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29

Raeside, Robert. "Four macro challenges." Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management 6, no. 4 (November 13, 2007): 269–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.rpm.5160094.

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30

Clements, Michael P. "Rounding behaviour of professional macro-forecasters." International Journal of Forecasting 37, no. 4 (October 2021): 1614–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijforecast.2021.03.003.

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31

Brandt, Patrick T., and John R. Freeman. "Modeling Macro-Political Dynamics." Political Analysis 17, no. 2 (2009): 113–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pan/mpp001.

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Анотація:

Analyzing macro-political processes is complicated by four interrelated problems: model scale, endogeneity, persistence, and specification uncertainty. These problems are endemic in the study of political economy, public opinion, international relations, and other kinds of macro-political research. We show how a Bayesian structural time series approach addresses them. Our illustration is a structurally identified, nine-equation model of the U.S. political-economic system. It combines key features of the model of Erikson, MacKuen, and Stimson (2002) of the American macropolity with those of a leading macroeconomic model of the United States (Sims and Zha, 1998; Leeper, Sims, and Zha, 1996). This Bayesian structural model, with a loosely informed prior, yields the best performance in terms of model fit and dynamics. This model 1) confirms existing results about the countercyclical nature of monetary policy (Williams 1990); 2) reveals informational sources of approval dynamics: innovations in information variables affect consumer sentiment and approval and the impacts on consumer sentiment feed-forward into subsequent approval changes; 3) finds that the real economy does not have any major impacts on key macropolity variables; and 4) concludes, contrary to Erikson, MacKuen, and Stimson (2002), that macropartisanship does not depend on the evolution of the real economy in the short or medium term and only very weakly on informational variables in the long term.

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32

Fountas,, Stilianos, and Theologos Pantelidis. "2nd International Conference in Applied Theory, Macro and Empirical Finance." Credit and Capital Markets – Kredit und Kapital 50, no. 1 (March 2017): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/ccm.50.1.1.

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33

Octavia, Evania Rahma, and Dwi Wulandari. "Analysis of Effect Macro Variable on International Trade of Indonesia." Business and Economic Research 6, no. 2 (September 21, 2016): 228. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ber.v6i2.10053.

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Анотація:

This study aims to determine the effect of macro variables which include Indonesia's real gross domestic income, money supply, consumer price index and interest rates on international trade mediated by the exchange rate of rupiah against the dollar. This type of research is descriptive research with quantitative approach. Determination of the sample based on quarterly time series data 2010-2014. This study uses path analysis. The results showed domestic gross product, the money supply, and interest rates together have a significant effect on the exchange rate but the consumer price index do not have significant effect on the exchange rate. The results also show that the exchange rate has no significant effect on imports and exports.

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34

Kouretas, Georgios P., Nelson C. Mark, Athanasios P. Papadopoulos, and Lucio Sarno. "Special issue on advances in international money, macro and finance." International Journal of Finance & Economics 11, no. 3 (2006): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.308.

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35

Frensch, Richard. "Studying international trade based on micro and disaggregated macro data." Economic Systems 35, no. 1 (March 2011): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2011.01.003.

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36

Sarangi, Unmana. "GLOBAL AGENDA AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGS)." International Journal of New Economics and Social Sciences 10, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 177–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.8097.

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Анотація:

The research paper entitled ‘Global Agenda and Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)’ is an attempt to analyze the existing relationship between the global agenda and the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs) in terms of key global macro parameters that are part of the global agenda and the international order to achieve the SDGs by the turn of 2030 slated by the United Nations. Though the scope of this paper has been limited and confined to the only study of the key global macro parameters, their interrelationships and inter-linkages, their role in achieving global sustainable development cannot be undermined. There is a lot of pieces of literature on the subject, but a lot more needs to be studied and analyzed to assess the intricacies involved in these key macro parameters and their role in achieving SDGs. It is understood that United Nations is the key international organization at the global level to perceive the concept of SDGs and the key global macro parameters such as international and foreign policies, climate action, education, reduced inequalities, poverty, global economic growth, violent conflicts, technology, housing, migration etc., that can be analyzed and assessed to figure out the key lacunae in implementation of these global parameters so that corrective measures could be taken to rectify these macro imbalances in order to achieve sustained international order and development. The review of literature has been dealt in this paper to the extent that the role and perceptions of United Nations in figuring out and in analyzing the key global macro parameters needs particular mention as it is the only international organization functioning at the global level to identify and perceive such new interrelationships and linkages existing amongst the key global macro variables in achieving the SDGs by 2030. It is felt that the SDGs are holistic concepts that cover almost all the aspects of human life and existence on this planet earth. The paper dwells into the aspects such as the SDGs facing strong challenges, slowing global economic growth, issues relating to inequalities, international migration, education, child and health care, climate change and climate risks, violent conflicts vitiating SDGs, inter-linkages between inequalities and climate action, small island economies and LDCs most vulnerable to climate risks, role of technology in achieving SDGs, energy security and global peace, world economic situation and prospects, global conversation and dialogue and role of global cooperation etc., The most important conclusion that could be drawn from this research study is that in order to achieve sustainable development goals and global sustainable development including international development the role and interrelationships, inter-linkages amongst these global macro variables is of paramount importance in building a new international order through global peace and inclusive societies.

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37

G. Budeva, Desislava, and Michael R. Mullen. "International market segmentation." European Journal of Marketing 48, no. 7/8 (July 8, 2014): 1209–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-07-2010-0394.

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Purpose – This paper aims to investigate the influence of economic and cultural factors, separately and combined, on international country segments and to reveal the stability of factors and country segments over time. Design/methodology/approach – Principal component analysis is used to develop three economic factors and two cultural factors borrowed from the World Value Survey. Cluster analysis is used to form country clusters based on the economic and cultural factors, separately, and then combined, to detect whether both economics and culture need to be included as bases for macro-country segmentation. Further, the authors look at these issues across time, the beginning of the decade (1990) and then at the end of the decade (1999). Findings – Results support the hypotheses that economics and culture are both necessary for country-level segmentation but reject the hypothesis of cultural convergence as a consequence of technological development and industrialization. The authors confirm that cultural values and beliefs, although persistent, may change gradually under the influence of environmental forces such as economic development. The results support the instability of country segment membership when analyzed over one decade. Economic changes in some countries lead to their movement across segments. Practical implications – Results suggest that managers concerned with international segmentation should include both economic and cultural variables and reevaluate country segment membership continuously rather than relying on results obtained in a single period. Originality/value – Many international segmentation studies have used macro-level, secondary data to identify country clusters based on similarities in political, economic, geographic or cultural variables for a single period. This study extends existing international segmentation models by examining economic and cultural variables (separately, and then combined), and segment membership over time.

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38

Laitin, David D. "Empires in Macro-Sociology." International Studies Review 11, no. 3 (September 2009): 615–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2486.2009.00880.x.

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39

Woo, Wing Thye, and Wei Zhang. "Time for China to move from macro-stability to macro-sustainability: making macro-stimulus work and maintaining its effects." Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy 15, no. 4 (November 4, 2010): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13547860.2010.516149.

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40

Lee, Chung-Chang. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 12, no. 3 (December 31, 2009): 252–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100114.

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This paper uses hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to explore the influence of satisfaction with public facilities on both individual residential and overall (or regional) levels on housing prices. The empirical results indicate that the average housing prices between local cities and counties exhibit significant variance. At the macro level, the explanatory power of the variable ¡§convenience of life¡¨ on the average housing prices of all counties and cities reaches the 5% significance level. The influence of the satisfaction with convenience of life in different counties and cities on housing prices exhibits significant variances.

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41

Erikson, R. S. "National election studies and macro analysis." Electoral Studies 21, no. 2 (June 2002): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0261-3794(01)00020-8.

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42

DANJO, Takashi. "Report on the International Symposium on Geomechanicsfrom Micro to Macro (IS-Cambridge 2014)." Journal of the Society of Materials Science, Japan 64, no. 1 (2015): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2472/jsms.64.63.

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43

Hall, Matthew E. K. "Macro Implementation: Testing the Causal Paths from U.S. Macro Policy to Federal Incarceration." American Journal of Political Science 61, no. 2 (September 13, 2016): 438–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ajps.12266.

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44

Moon Sub Choi, Paul, Won Young Chae, Joung Hwa Choi, and Young Bin Han. "Does insurance hedge macro volatility? Global evidence." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 14, no. 2 (August 7, 2017): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.14(2-2).2017.02.

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Insurance is known in the literature as a contribution to economic growth. In our cross-country analysis, we found out that insurance density also appears to subdue macro volatility. In other words, an overall expansion of insurance coverage in an economy cushions aggregate risks. This empirical inference remains robust to controlling for other covariates known to co-move with economic activities. Given that the contribution of insurance to economic growth is more impactful in developing countries than in industrialized economies, not only this result is appealing to economic intuition, but also extends the claims in the existing researches.

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45

Kahle, Lynn R., Russell W. Belk, Nikhilesh Dholakia, and Alladi Venkatesh. "Consumption and Marketing: Macro Dimensions." Journal of Marketing Research 34, no. 3 (August 1997): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3151906.

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46

Kolosnitsina, M., and M. Sitdikov. "Macro-Determinants of Healthy Lifestyle." World Economy and International Relations, no. 2 (2012): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2012-2-27-37.

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In most developed countries it was realized long ago that it is easier to prevent deseases than to cure them. Among numerous factors determining human health, the first place belongs to the healthy lifestyle. Having analyzed factors determining a lifestyle, which can be the objects of control activity, the authors came to a conclusion that the results of healthy lifestyle modelling at a macro-level basically proved the interconnections already investigated at a micro-level, but also allowed to educe some new.

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47

Vona, Máté. "Macro- and microeconomic risks of student loans in an international context." Acta Oeconomica 65, no. 4 (December 2015): 629–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.65.2015.4.7.

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The risk of individual investment in higher education is not a well-researched topic compared to the rate of return to education. In many countries tuition fees are low, but there is a possibility to borrow for investment in education. This can lead to irresponsible investment behaviour. The paper will show that the student loan market is too small to cause a macroeconomic crisis, but that it is a market with many stakeholders and irresponsible behaviour should not be encouraged. With the examination of a Hungarian sample, it can be concluded that in the context of higher education, signs of rational investment behaviour can be found. The risks of post-secondary studies are not yet fully understood and measured, and for this reason further research is suggested.

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48

Quirk, Joel, and David Richardson. "Anti-slavery, European Identity and International Society: A Macro-historical Perspective." Journal of Modern European History 7, no. 1 (March 2009): 68–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944_2009_1_68.

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49

Norrlof, Carla. "The international political economy of money, macro-money theories and methods." Review of International Political Economy 24, no. 4 (July 4, 2017): 718–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09692290.2017.1355332.

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50

Gächter, Martin, Martin Geiger, and Sebastian Stöckl. "Credit intermediation and the transmission of macro-financial uncertainty: International evidence." Journal of International Money and Finance 108 (November 2020): 102152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2020.102152.

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