Дисертації: "International Forum for Moderation"

1

Lee, Kai-hong Clement, and 李啓康. "The International Exchange Forum for Students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31983480.

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2

Lee, Kai-hong Clement. "The International Exchange Forum for Students." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B2595555x.

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3

Nuyts, Arnaud. "L'exception de "forum non conveniens": étude de droit international privé comparé." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211468.

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4

Ubbaonu, Samuel C. "Third world policy in the international forum: The struggle for autonomy." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1991. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1331.

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This dissertation analyzes the origin of the free-flow doctrine, its role in the American mass media coverage of the Third World countries, and in the demand for a New World Information and Communication Order. This dissertation is also intended to serve as an up-date of the development to the call by the Third World, for a New World Information and Communication Order. These goals are accomplished through the application of the weapons of case study, a critical analysis of the United States policy on the mass media, a historical analysis of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization's documentary history of the New World Information and Communication Order in Chronological Order 1975-1986, and a comparative analysis of the New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO), and the International Programme for the Development of Communication(IPDC). The principal assumptions made in this dissertation are that the free flow of information which was strongly advocated and staunchly supported by the United States is a misnomer and a calculated attempt to monopolize the freedom of information dissemination. It also tends to be a successful mechanism for the implementation of the principles of the Darwinian Theory of natural selection - the survival of the fittest. This dissertation also assumes that the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) does not seem to be the best arena for correcting the ills prevalent in the global information and communication system.

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5

Sasamori, Norman Cousins. "Forum non conveniens : foreign plaintiffs and U.S. aviation litigation." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59926.

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This thesis examines the doctrine of forum non conveniens as follows. First, the preliminary factors for foreign aircraft accident plaintiffs to consider, such as the diminishing deterrents to aircraft accident litigation and requirements for bringing a suit to a U.S. forum, are set forth. Second, the development of the doctrine of forum non conveniens is traced from its origins to the landmark case of Piper Aircraft Co. v. Reyno, 454 U.S. 235 (1981) to present. Finally, after examining various model solutions to the problems raised by the doctrine of forum non conveniens, a new solution is proposed.

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6

Nuyts, Arnaud. "L' exception de "forum non conveniens" : (étude de droit international privé comparé) /." Bruxelles : Bruylant [u.a.], 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/399650067.pdf.

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7

Mebarek, Charlotte. "Le droit international privé à l'épreuve du forum shopping et du law shopping." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR069.

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La division du monde en États souverains favorise les stratégies des justiciables souhaitant bénéficier d’une législation conforme à leurs aspirations. Ces pratiques sont qualifiées de forum shopping et de law shopping. Les sujets de droit sont alors assimilés à des consommateurs, et le droit est alors réduit à un simple produit « commercialisé » par les différents ordres juridiques. Ces pratiques reposent sur la place grandissante accordée à la personne qui, compte tenu de la mondialisation, devient de plus en plus mobile. Les ordres juridiques nationaux sont alors placés en concurrence et encourent le risque de voir leurs législations les plus impératives évincées. En outre, le marché global de la justice favorise les manoeuvres les plus déloyales.Pour autant, ces pratiques ne font l’objet d’aucune réglementation spécifique. Le droit international privé doit donc trouver les remèdes permettant de contrôler l’exercice du forum shopping et du law shopping pour moraliser le contentieux international et préserver les intérêts étatiques
The world division into sovereign states encourages persons answerable to the law to usestrategies as they seek to benefit from legislations consistent with their aspirations. These practices are called forum shopping and law shopping. Subjects of law are therefore compared to consumers when the law is reduced to a simple product « marketed » by different national legal orders. These practices take root in the ever growing space the subject of law is given, considering how much mobile they are becoming along with globalization. Consequently,national legal orders are competing against each other with the risk of seeing their most imperative legislation being ousted. Furthermore, world trade of justice fosters the most dishonest maneuvers. Meanwhile, these practices aren’t subjected to any specific regulation. Private international law must find the solutions that would allow control over exercising forum shopping and law shopping in order to reform international litigation and preserve state interests

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8

Saqer, Ali. "The visible power of the transnational capitalist class : the case of the World Economic Forum." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2015. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/79438/.

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This thesis examines the role of the World Economic Forum (WEF) in the rule-making of 21st century global governance. If offers a critique of existing accounts on the transnational capitalist class (TCC) and the WEF, as a site of this class, that are based on an artificial differentiation between state and market actors. Such artificiality assumes a power relationship that allows market actors to discipline state managers and shape the state’s policy-making along their accepted principles and norms. Thus, the involvement of the state in the WEF’s activities is viewed as a manifestation of this disciplinary power. The thesis argues that the state participates in such activities in response to the imperative of managing capital-labour relations at a global level necessary to reproduce the capitalist social relations of production within its jurisdictions. From an Open Marxist perspective, it argues that the state is a political manifestation of class struggle and an inherent feature of the social relations of capital accumulation. Whilst this indicates that state managers pursue policies that favour the reproduction of the social relations of production, this imperative is not deterministic or a reflection of the disciplinary power of the market. This thesis shows that the argument that the WEF has an influence over the state’s social and economic policy-making is not supported by evidence. It presents a substantial, archive-based, re-assessment of the influence of the WEF’s discourse of international competitiveness over the state. It shows through studying the institutionalisation of competitiveness in the UK how the country has responded selectively to the imperative of state competitiveness. It demonstrates that the engagement of state managers with the discourse of competitiveness is an attempt to secure the circulation of global capital within the economy in order to help reproducing capital accumulation that drives economic growth, employment and living standards.

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9

Stingl, Harald. "Forum selection in the conflict of laws /." Wien : Verlag Österreich, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009337363&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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10

Tang, Li. "The US - China scientific collaboration, knowledge moderation, and China's rise in nanotechnology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/41051.

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In the emerging knowledge economy, scientific pursuit in the form of international collaboration has escalated. Studies consistently report that such collaboration, which has been intensifying in the last several decades, is common among not only advanced economies but also in emerging scientific nations such as China, India, and Brazil. The emergence of a "new invisible college" of international knowledge exchange has aroused interest from social scientists and captured the attention of policymakers. Indeed, recognizing its importance as a means of monitoring and exploiting other countries' R&D investment, more and more countries champion and participate in international joint research. International collaboration between the United States (US) and China is particularly interesting. The US has been and will continue to be the leader in scientific development for the foreseeable future. However, as a rising scientific power, China is changing the global landscape of ideas and innovation along with other emerging countries. The growing significance of the US-China relationship and worldwide interest in China's development suggest that the characteristics of the scientific collaboration of these two countries and its associated knowledge dissemination across national borders are timely topics to study. Surprisingly, few studies have examined research collaboration between a scientific superpower and an emerging scientific power, particularly in the context of emerging state-of-the-art technology. This dissertation seeks to address this research gap by examining patterns of collaboration in the US-China scientific community and its impact on China's rapid knowledge accumulation in nanotechnology, if any, through Chinese knowledge moderators (CKMs)--Chinese scholars who bridge two otherwise distant scientific communities through intensive collaboration with both sides. The research focuses on the following three aspects: firstly, built upon the notions of the boundary spanner and the structural hole, the study develops the concept of Chinese knowledge moderators and uses it as an instrument to examine the relationship between international collaboration and knowledge spillover across national boundaries. Secondly, it operationalizes and tests the impact of US-China collaboration using multiple methods. In addition to citation-based indicators, based on the turnover of nanotechnology keywords, the study investigates the impact of collaborating with US scholars on CKMs' research trajectory and the international knowledge spillover facilitated by CKMs. Thirdly, utilizing a longitudinal publication dataset of 77 CKMs and their CV data, this study is able to quantify the dynamic impact of US collaboration on the quality of CKMs' research over time. The combination of bibliometric analyses, empirical testing, and case studies allows for the development of a comprehensive blueprint of US-China scientific collaboration in the field of nanotechnology. This research yields several significant findings. First, the evolution of US-China collaboration in nanotechnology has gone beyond quantitative growth, as qualitative and structural changes have begun to take place. Secondly, CKMs play a critical role in fostering China's nanotechnology development, manifested in both knowledge creation and knowledge diffusion. The present study also reveals that US-China collaboration has a diminishing effect over time on the research quality of CKMs at level of individual papers, but as pertaining to entire journals. Thirdly, the case studies on the evolution of research streams suggest that US-China collaboration influences the research trajectory of CKMs, who, as the conduits of knowledge, further disseminate it within the national boundaries of China. The research also has policy implications for both sides. Chinese policy makers need to strengthen the mechanisms that encourage CKMs collaborating with the US, and, in order to amplify international knowledge spillover, these mechanisms should further encourage more interactions between CKMs and their Chinese domestic colleagues. From the US American perspective, given China's scientific emergence in nanotechnology, the US should direct its efforts to ensuring its ample access to exploiting the heavy R&D investment of this emerging scientific powerhouse by collaborating with top Chinese scientists.

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11

Ouerghi, Jamila. "Le détournement de la loi compétente et le forum shopping en droit international privé de la famille." Paris 8, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA082871.

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La notion de fraude à la loi en droit international privé est inspirée de la célèbre affaire Princesse de Beauffremont du 18 mars 1875. La théorie juridique française a forgé le concept de fraude pour désigner une violation de la loi qui s'abrite derrière les règles de droit elle-même. La notion de fraude est invoquée parce qu'une personne soumise à une loi est tentée de se placer sous l'empire d'une loi étrangère plus complaisante. Aujourd'hui, la fraude consiste à modifier artificiellement le facteur de rattachement retenue par la règle de conflit de lois, dans le but d'évincer la loi qu'elle désigne normalement, c'est-à-dire que le sujet n'est pas confiné dans le conflit de lois mais se manifeste dans le conflit de juridictions. Le forum shopping est un moyen de provoquer des changements de juge pour l'application d'une loi plus complaisante. Il peut y avoir fraude à la compétence d'une part, et le recours de droit d'autre part. On se retrouve donc en présence d'une fraude au jugement. La fraude à la compétence suppose qu'un plaideur a recours à une manoeuvre ayant pour effet et pour but de soustraire le rapport de droit aux tribunaux normalement compétents. Il n'y a aucune manipulation de la règle de conflit de lois, mais exploitation des règles relatives à l'effet des jugements étrangers.

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12

Melo, Fernando. "Enforceability of foreign forum selection clauses in maritime bills of lading under American law." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27460.

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Traditionally, American courts refused to enforce foreign forum selection clauses as against public policy.
This doctrine was abandoned in 1972 in the Bremen, where the United States Supreme Court established the presumption of validity of foreign forum selection clauses. However, the enforceability of such clauses is subject to certain exceptions which relate to particular applications of the general principles of contract law.
The Bremen analysis was modified in 1991, when the Supreme Court decided Carnival Cruise, which limited the scope of such exceptions and strengthened the presumption of validity of forum selection clauses.
In 1995, the Supreme Court decided Sky Reefer, overruling the lower court decision in Indussa, and extending the presumption of validity of foreign forum selection clauses to maritime bills of lading subject to the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act (COGSA).

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13

Bernardi, Vanessa de Oliveira. "Internacionalização do processo civil: a adoção da doutrina do Forum Non Conveniens como um princípio para combater a ocorrência do Forum Shopping e da litispendência internacional." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2016. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/5585.

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Diante da concorrência de jurisdição entre dois ou mais países herdadas das facilidades advindas da globalização, o presente trabalho possui o objetivo de responder, principalmente a dois questionamentos: a) é possível à adoção da doutrina do forum non conveniens como um princípio comum a fim de harmonizar as normas de processo civil e evitar a ocorrência da litispendência internacional e do forum shopping; b) até que ponto o Instituto Internacional para Unificação do Direito Privado (UNIDROIT) e a Conferência de Haia sobre Direito Internacional Privado (HCCH), principais órgãos unificadores processuais, são adequados para, ao mesmo tempo, garantir um pluralismo jurídico e assegurar uma aproximação entre os diferentes sistemas. Assim, o estudo apresenta a teoria do pluralismo ordenado proposta pela jurista francesa Mireille Delmas-Marty, onde destaca-se a noção de mundialização do Direito e um certo número de técnicas para a coordenação de diferentes sistemas legais, tais como a Coordenação por entrecruzamento, da Harmonização por Aproximação e da Unificação por Hibridação. Num segundo momento, serão abordados os dois principais problemas decorrentes da concorrência de jurisdição; o forum shopping e a litispendência internacional. Ao final, serão estudados dois órgãos de unificação do Direito Internacional Privado, o UNIDROIT e a HCCH com a finalidade de averiguar se o método de trabalho utilizado pelos órgãos respeita a pluralidade jurídica existente. Por último, estudar-se-á a doutrina do forum non conveniens, a fim de analisar a possibilidade de inserção desta como um meio de harmonizar as normas processuais, abordando-se, também as alterações propostas à doutrina pela House of Lords Inglesa, a qual demonstra uma maior possibilidade de ser adotada como um princípio comum, avaliando-se se esta seria capaz de respeitar o pluralismo jurídico existente. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi de natureza qualitativa, utilizando-se principalmente um levantamento bibliográfico, de jurisprudências nacionais e a análise de casos provenientes do sistema jurídico do common law.
Considering the competing jurisdiction of two or more countries arising from the conveniences brought by globalization, the present research is intended to answer mainly two questions: (i) it is possible to adopt the forum non conveniens doctrine as a common principle to harmonize the rules of civil procedure and prevent the occurrence of international lis pendens and forum shopping; (ii) to which extent the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) and the Hague Conferences on Private International Law (HCCH), the two major procedural unifying institutions, are suitable to ensure legal pluralism and bring different systems closer at the same time. Thus, firstly the study presents the ‘ordered pluralism theory’ proposed by the French jurist Mireille Delmas-Marty, which comprises the idea legal internationalization and a number of techniques for coordinating differing legal systems such as ‘inter-crossing’, ‘harmonization through proximity’ and ‘unification through hybridization’. Subsequently, the two main problems arising from competing jurisdiction – forum shopping and the international lis pendens – will be addressed. Then, the two unification institutions of private international law before mentioned – UNIDROIT and HCCH – will be studied to determine whether the working method used by such bodies respect the existing legal pluralism. At the end, the doctrine of forum non conveniens will be discussed so that the possibility of including it as a means of harmonizing the existing procedural rules is examined. For this matter, the alterations proposed by the English House of Lords will be assessed in order to confirm that they respect the existing legal pluralism, as they indicate a greater chance for the forum non conveniens doctrine being adopted as a common principle. The methodology used in this research is of a qualitative nature, mainly basing itself on specialized literature, national jurisprudence and on common law case studies.

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14

Morosanu, Mariana-Daniela. "Ett harmoniserat forum necessitatis? : En analys av institutet ur ett svenskt och EU-rättsligt perspektiv." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15735.

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Bryssel I-förordningens behörighetsregler är inte tillämpliga på svarande från tredje land. I sådana fall hänvisar förordningen till nationell rätt (s.k. restkompetens). Inom EU varierar de nationella behörighetsreglerna med avseende på svarande som har hemvist utanför EU avsevärt mellan medlemsstaterna, vilket ibland kan leda till orimliga konsekvenser. Syftet med denna uppsats är att beskriva vilka internationellt privat- och processrättsliga (IPP) problem som kan uppkomma till följd av nuvarande regelverk samt analysera kommissionens förslag till införandet av en regel om reservforum (s.k. forum necessitatis). För att ge läsaren tillräcklig bakgrund för analysen beskrivs rättsläget vad gäller forum necessitatis ur både ett svenskt och EU-rättsligt perspektiv. Resultatet av denna framställning är att förslaget till införandet av en regel om forum necessitatis bidrar till en ökad rättssäkerhet och förutsägbarhet. Den föreslagna regeln har dock en del brister som gör att bestämmelsen bör revideras.
The jurisdiction rules of the Brussels I-Regulation do not apply for third country defendants. In these cases refers the Regulation to national law (so-called residual jurisdiction). The national rules on the jurisdiction for defendants domiciled outside the EU vary widely between Member States, which can lead to undue hardship in some cases. The purpose of this thesis is to describe the private international law issues that may arise as a result of the current set of regulations and then analyze the Commission’s proposal to the creation of a forum of necessity (so-called forum necessitatis). In order to provide the reader with enough background information for the analysis the legal position regarding forum necessitatis is described from both a Swedish and European legal perspective. The result of this thesis is that the proposed solution would increase legal certainty and predictability. The proposed rule has some shortcomings that imply that the provision should be revised.

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15

Kante, Lucille. "Mondialisation et compétence juridictionnelle internationale." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLV013.

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L’ambition de cette thèse est de proposer la mise en place d’un nouveaurèglement européen dont l’objectif est de donner aux juges des Etats membres lesmoyens pour protéger leur compétence juridictionnelle contre les revendications decompétence des juges des Etats tiers lorsque l’intérêt étatique le justifie. Il s’agit deleur octroyer des pouvoirs supplémentaires lorsqu’ils n’agissent pas dans le cadre del’espace judiciaire européen.Dans ses relations avec les Etats tiers, le juge européen devrait ainsi pouvoirprononcer des injonctions anti-suit pour protéger sa compétence, au soutien desclauses juridictionnelles mais aussi toutes les fois où les liens qu’il entretient avec lelitige sont d’une particulière densité, traduisant d’un intérêt public à trancher le litige.L’espace judiciaire européen devrait également concevoir un système de circulationunifiée des décisions émanant des juridictions des Etats tiers afin de faire coïnciderespace judiciaire commun et espace économique commun au stade de l’exécutiondes décisions. L’objectif ici est d’accroître l’influence économique des juridictionsde l’Union européenne
This thesis proposes a new European regulation providing judges from theEuropean union with tools to protect their international jurisdiction – when publicinterests is involved – against attempts from Parties to avoid the European forum. Theaim of this proposal is to give European judges more prerogatives when they are notacting under the frame of the European Judicial area.When there is a conflict of jurisdictions with a non-European state, the European judgeshould be allowed to issue an anti-suit injunction when a strong link between the forumand the dispute exists (which induces the State’s interest to have the dispute ruled by itsjurisdictions). This should also be allowed so as to support jurisdiction clauses.Finally, the European union should provide a unique system regarding the recognitionand enforcement of decisions issued by non-European jurisdictions. The aim of thissystem would be to increase the economical influence of European jurisdictions

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16

Pons, Camille. "La concordance des compétences juridictionnelle et législative : étude des liens entre forum et jus en droit international privé européen." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0138.

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La dissociation des compétences juridictionnelle et législative est traditionnellement considérée comme le fondement du droit international privé moderne. Elle est revêtue d’une solide assise doctrinale et est parfois érigée par la jurisprudence comme un principe général du droit international privé. La dissociation des compétences est le résultat tant de l’indépendance des règles de compétence que de la distinction finale du forum et du jus. Or, cette architecture classique de la matière subit aujourd’hui d’importantes mutations en droit international privé européen. L'examen croisé des deux règles de compétence donne lieu à de nouvelles perspectives : une véritable tendance à la concordance des compétences juridictionnelle et législative voit effectivement le jour à l’intensité variable et aux formes diverses selon les fins poursuivies. Ce phénomène influence ensuite l'analyse faite de la discipline et particulièrement les rapports entre les règles de compétence. Par le prisme de la concordance des compétences, l'étude des liens entre forum et jus met ainsi à l’épreuve la valeur qualitative et quantitative du principe de dissociation des compétences. La présente recherche envisage alors de démontrer dans un premier temps l’existence d’un phénomène de concordance des compétences, d’en cerner les particularités et l'étendue. Une fois ce travail effectué, elle entreprend, ensuite, de cerner l’essence du phénomène de concordance, interrogeant les postulats classiques et majoritaires de la discipline
The separation of judicial jurisdiction and applicable law is traditionally considered to be the foundation of modern private international law. It has a solid doctrinal basis and is sometimes established by case law as a general principle of private international law. The dissociation of jurisdiction is the result both of the independence of the rules of jurisdiction and of the final distinction between forum and jus. However, this classical architecture of the subject matter is today undergoing major changes in European private international law. The cross-examination of the two rules of jurisdiction gives rise to new perspectives: a real trend towards the concordance of judicial and legislative jurisdictions is indeed emerging, with varying intensity and various forms depending on the ends pursued. This phenomenon then influences the analysis made of the discipline and particularly the relationship between choice of law and judicial jurisdiction. Through the prism of the concordance of judicial jurisdiction and applicable law, the study of the links between forum and jus thus puts to the test the qualitative and quantitative value of the principle of dissociation. The present research will first demonstrate the existence of a phenomenon of concordance of jurisdictions and identify its particularities and scope. Once this work has been completed, it then begins to identify the essence of the phenomenon of concordance, questioning the classical and majority postulates of the discipline

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17

Svensson, Pializ. "En studie av begreppet uppfyllelseort i artikel 5 (1) b i Bryssel I-förordningen." Thesis, Jönköping University, Jönköping International Business School, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-12191.

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The courts international juristiction within the European union is regulated by the Brussels I Regulation. Article 2.1 of the Brussels I Regulation contains the fundamental provision. According to this Article the plaintiff shall submit an action where the defandent is domiciled. The Regulation provides exemptions to the this provision in Article 2.1.

The court of the international case can also be determined according to Article 5 (1) of the Brussels I Regulation. This Article contains an alternative to the general provision within Article 2.1. Article 5 (1) is applicable when the dispute is based on an agreement between the parties. The Article is justified because of the close link between the contract and the court of the place where the contract was, or is to be, performed. Article 5 (1) b of the Brussels I Regulation contains a uniform definition of the place of performance, if the agreement consists of contracts for the sale of goods and the provisions of services.

The European Court of Justice in the cases Color Drack, Peter Rehder, Car Trim and Wood Floor interprets the place of performance. In paragraph 18 of the Color Drack-case the ECJ establish that the place of performance shall be “interpreted in the light of the origins, objectives and scheme of that regulation”. The ECJ follows these principles in the interpreting of the cases Peter Rehder, Car Trim and Wood Floor. This essay analyzes the above-mentioned rulings in order to investigate the impact of The ECJ rulings in Car Trim and Wood Floor for the application of Article 5 (1) b of the Brussels I Regulation.

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18

Markgren, Karolina. "The doctrine of forum non conveniens and its suitability within the application of the Brussels I instruments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-247944.

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19

Woodburn, Ann. "Subsidies in world farm trade : the gatt as a forum to reach consensus for the liberalisation of the global market in agricultural products." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26230.

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Much of the world's food is produced in the wrong quantities in the wrong place. The disarray in world agricultural markets is a symptom of the failures of national agricultural policies in the industrialised world; which by maintaining high guaranteed prices to provide fair income to farmers have induced overproduction and excessive costs of surplus disposal.
This thesis will examine the agricultural policies of the European Community and the United States to demonstrate the plethora of import barriers, subsidised export programmes and internal production subsidies in existence. The operationally-ineffective GATT regime for the agricultural sector will be outlined, with consideration being given to the international disputes that have arisen and have at times threatened the entire future of a liberal trading system.
The importance of a multilateral solution to the distortions in world agricultural trade is clear; the Uruguay Round of GATT negotiations offers the opportunity to move towards more market-oriented farm policies subject to greater international disciplines. The latter part of this thesis focuses on the possibilities for a successful conclusion to the ongoing negotiations in light of political and social realities.

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Paschalidis, Paschalis. "The impact of freedom of establishment on private international law for corporations." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2009. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:a2a154a6-22de-42b8-a745-5ddf3a8bf5a5.

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The present thesis is concerned with private international law for corporate and insolvency disputes in the context of freedom of establishment. First, it presents the traditional rules of conflict applicable to corporate disputes that have been implemented in some major jurisdictions. Second, it analyses the relevant leading judgments of the European Court of Justice and it demonstrates the way in which, contrary to popular belief, the real seat theory has not been held contrary to freedom of establishment. The thesis then deals with the concept of letter-box companies and examines the limitations that are being placed to the use of freedom of establishment. This is followed by a juxtaposition of the factors that have lead and could lead to regulatory competition for corporate law in the USA and the EU respectively. A modest approach is taken towards the possibility of the latter occurring in the EU. Third, the thesis examines the treatment of insolency disputes in this context. A substantial part of it is dedicated to the definition of the basis for international jurisdiction for the opening of insolvency proceedings, namely the centre of main interests. It argues in favour of an objective test for the identification of the centre of main interests (COMI) and the allocations of certain burdens on both the debtor and the creditors. It then focuses on the treatment of forum shopping in the context on international insolvencies. Based on considerations of consent and economic efficiency, it suggests a definition, according to which certain transfers of the COMI should not amount to forum shopping. Finally, the thesis examines the possibility of a regulatory competition for insolvencies in the EU and seeks to demonstrate that the conditions for such a competition are more analogous between US corporate law and EU insolvency, rather than company, law.

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21

Mailhé, Francois. "L'organisation de la concurrence internationale des juridictions : le droit de la compétence internationale face à la mondialisation économique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA020063/document.

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Selon une présentation classique, la compétence juridictionnelle n’aurait en droit international privé pour objet que de déterminer les hypothèses dans lesquelles l’Etat accepterait de mettre ses juridictions à disposition des justiciables. Cette présentation achoppe cependant sur deux évolutions du droit positif. D’une part, la réglementation de la compétence est en bonne partie internationalisée, et ne suis plus ce modèle. D’autre part, elle occulte le fort développement des juridictions non étatiques instituées pour le contentieux de droit privé et économique dont l’intervention est souvent articulée avec celle des juridictions étatiques comme la compétence le fait en droit interne.Ce double handicap descriptif s’explique par la place que l’Etat conserve au coeur de la théorie classique, une place héritée des théories publicistes du début du XXe siècle. Or, ni l’évolution de la théorie générale du droit international privé, ni surtout le droit positif ne justifie plus cette place centrale de l’Etat. Il faut donc revoir la théorie de la compétence internationale à l’aune du problème presque factuel auquel elle répond, la concurrence internationale des juridictions, et ainsi réintégrer en son sein les règles qui participent de sa résolution en organisant cette concurrence. La théorie renouvellée permet alors d’observer plus complètement l’organisation de la justice internationale de droit économique. Elle autorise en outre des propositions pour un régime plus efficace ou plus souple de la compétence internationale selon que cette concurrence internationale est ordonnée par une règlementation uniforme ou qu’il s’agit seulement de coopérer
French private international law doctrine classicaly defines judicial jurisdiction as the branch of law that deals with describing the hypothesis under which the State makes its courts available to claimants in international matters. This presentation, though, faces two contradicting evolutions in modern-day litigation of international business matters. First, it does give no account of the increasing internationalization of this branch of law, where numerous international conventions and European regulations now regulates judicial jurisdiction between judges of different countries as they would with venue between judges of the same State. Second, this presentation ignores the development of international courts and arbitral tribunals even though these tribunals compete with or replace national courts in international business disputes.The reason for this double exclusion may actually be found in an analytical bias inherited from a century-old description of private international law as a conflict of State regulations, a bias that neither modern theory nor law itself confirms in any way. More simply described according to the problem it resolves, judicial jurisdiction may be defined as the branch of law that deals with organizing the international competition of judges. Under this functional definition, it is possible to broaden its scope and to describe the organization of international justice for business matters, both public and private, both State and International. Also, then encompassing rules of procedure, it becomes possible to offer new solutions to take into account foreign jurisdiction for a better international cooperation

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22

Lima, Marcela 1981. "Escrita, interlocução e moderação em um fórum online do orkut." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/269375.

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Orientador: Inês Signorini
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-16T00:54:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_Marcela_M.pdf: 5309466 bytes, checksum: 983959e87b020c2d57e52cd7d5def80e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010
Resumo: O objeto de nosso estudo neste trabalho é o fórum online de uma comunidade do orkut que se propõe a reunir voluntariamente pessoas interessadas em aprender a escrever melhor em português. Nossa análise voltou-se principalmente às concepções de escrita e de ensino da escrita manifestadas pelos participantes, bem como aos padrões interacionais que regulam o funcionamento do fórum online, com foco nos papéis sociointeracionais ali construídos, negociados e desempenhados. Orientamo-nos, para tanto, por estudos sobre aquisição da escrita em contexto escolar e não escolar (ROJO, 2003; FIAD & MAYRINK-SABINSON, 1991; MAYRINK-SABINSON, 1997), desenvolvidos no âmbito da Linguística Aplicada; sobre estruturas de participação em interações sociais em contexto escolar e não escolar presencial, desenvolvidos no âmbito da sociolinguística interacional (PHILIPS, 2001; SHULTZ, FLORIO & ERICKSON, 1982; GOFFMAN, 2002; GARCEZ, 2006; MOITA LOPES, 1994); e por estudos sobre fóruns online utilizados em contexto de Educação formal e não formal (PAIVA & RODRIGUES JUNIOR, 2004; OLIVEIRA & LUCENA FILHO, 2006; FUTTERLEIB & SANTOS, 1999), desenvolvidos na área de Ensino à Distância (EAD). Inserida no campo aplicado dos estudos da linguagem, nossa investigação está embasada numa metodologia qualitativo-interpretativista de análise de dados, não dispensando, porém, abordagens quantitativas quando necessárias. Nossos dados foram extraídos de um corpus formado por 204 tópicos (ou 735 posts), selecionados por amostragem ao longo de três anos e organizados em quatro conjuntos de 51 tópicos cada (Ano I, Ano II, Ano IIIa e Ano IIIb), contemplando, assim, uma amostra significativa dos três primeiros anos de interações (2006, 2007 e 2008). Com base nas categorias elaboradas por Dascal (2002) para o estudo da linguagem enquanto tecnologia, compreendemos o fórum online ao mesmo tempo como um ambiente, um recurso e uma ferramenta. No contexto analisado, é utilizado para a co-construção voluntária de um espaço público de interlocução com vistas ao aprimoramento de habilidades de escrita. Este espaço de interlocução também é co-construído em função da discussão e socialização de experiências com a escrita e da divulgação de eventos, sites e outros assuntos relacionados ao tema. Nossas análises revelam que as concepções de escrita e de ensino da escrita manifestadas refletem ou reproduzem concepções cristalizadas no senso comum (um bom leitor é um bom escritor; escrita como dom/inspiração) e/ou concepções escolares tradicionais historicamente desenvolvidas e disseminadas (escrita como um produto a ser corrigido e avaliado; escrita como um trabalho que envolve planejamento, escrita, revisão e adequação à norma culta da linguagem; escrita como conjunto de técnicas que devem ser apreendidas e reproduzidas, orientando-se, principalmente, pelas estratégias utilizadas pelos grandes autores da literatura). Em relação às estruturas de participação, o ambiente aberto do fórum online revela-se inovador e, em certa medida, promissor, pois além de facilitar o encontro entre pessoas desconhecidas com interesses comuns, potencializa e dinamiza a interlocução entre um sujeito/outro e um outro/sujeito. Além disso, por se tratarem de estruturas mais flexíveis do que as encontradas no modelo escolar tradicional, todos os participantes têm o direito de expor uma opinião, com foco na modalidade escrita da língua; todos têm o direito de orientar e serem orientados em relação à aprendizagem da escrita; todos têm o direito de desempenhar livremente papéis sociais tradicionais da sala de aula (aluno e professor) e/ou interacionais (debatedor, animador, regente, líder intelectual, corretor) geralmente atribuídos ao moderador de um fórum online, dependendo das demandas locais surgidas no curso das interações
Abstract: The object of our study is a community forum on orkut that intend to bring together people interested in voluntarily learning to improve their writing in Portuguese. Our analysis addresses primarily the concepts of writing and teaching writing expressed by participants and the interactional patterns that regulate the operation of the forum, focusing on the sociointeractional roles constructed, negotiated and performed in this space. Our work is based on studies on the acquisition of writing in school and non-school contexts, developed in the field of applied linguistics (ROJO, 2003; FIAD & MAYRINK-SABINSON, 1991; MAYRINK-SABINSON, 1997); on structures of participation in social interactions in the context of schoolroom and in other spaces of presential learning, developed within the interactional sociolinguistic (PHILIPS, 2001; SHULTZ, FLORIO & ERICKSON, 1982; GOFFMAN, 2002; GARCEZ, 2006; MOITA LOPES, 1994); and studies on e-learning forums used in the context of formal and non-formal education, developed in the area of Open and Distance Learning (ODL) (PAIVA & RODRIGUES JUNIOR, 2004; OLIVEIRA & LUCENA FILHO, 2006; FUTTERLEIB & SANTOS, 1999). Inserted in the field of applied language studies, our research methodology is grounded in a qualitative interpretive analysis of data, without avoiding quantitative approaches when necessary. Our data were extracted from a corpus formed by 204 topics (or 735 posts), selected by sampling over three years and organized into four sets of 51 topics each one (Year I, Year II, Year IIIa and IIIb). Thus it encompasses a significant sample of the first three years of interactions (2006, 2007 and 2008). Based on categories developed by Dascal (2002) for the study of language as a technology, we understand the online forum as an environment, a resource and a tool at the same time. In the analyzed context, it is used for voluntary co-construction of a public space for dialogue with a view to the improvement of writing skills. This space for dialogue is also co-constructed for discussion and sharing of experiences with writing and dissemination of events, sites and other matters related to the subject. Our analysis shows that the concepts of writing and teaching writing expressed reflect or reproduce ideas deeprooted in the common sense (a good reader is a good writer, writing as gift/ inspiration) and/or traditional school concepts historically developed and disseminated (writing as a product to be corrected and evaluated, writing as a work involving planning, writing, review and adequacy to the standard form of language, writing as a set of techniques that should be learned and reproduced, guided mainly by the strategies used by major authors of the literature). In relation to the structures of participation, the open environment of the online forum seem to be innovative and to some extent promising, because besides facilitating the meeting between strangers with common interests, it enhances and streamlines the communication channels between a subject/other and a other/subject. Furthermore, the structures are more flexible than those found in traditional school model, all participants have the right to express an opinion, with a focus on the written language, to supervise and be supervised about the learning of writing, to play freely the traditional social roles of the classroom (student and teacher) and/or the interactional roles (debater, motivating person, conductor, intellectual leader, corrector) usually attributed to the moderator of an online forum, depending on the local demands arising in the course of interactions
Mestrado
Lingua Materna
Mestre em Linguística Aplicada

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Adeline, Sandra. "Le forum shopping dans le contentieux d'accidents de transport aérien international de passagers : analyse de droit comparé à la lumière du droit français et du droit américain." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01D059.

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Les accidents de transport aérien international de passagers sont sources de contentieux complexes, notamment parce qu’il s’agit d’affaires souvent multipartites, engendrant parfois une constellation de procédures pour un même fait générateur en raison de la pluralité de nationalités des demandeurs et défendeurs ainsi que de règles de compétence divergentes selon la qualité des défendeurs. Même si le transport aérien reste le moyen de transport le plus sûr, sa massification a conduit à la multiplication de ce contentieux, d'autant plus que la volonté de protéger les passagers a conduit les juges nationaux à une appréhension large de la notion d'accident au sens des conventions internationales. Le mouvement d'uniformisation en droit aérien n'a pas pour autant suffi à résoudre la complexité de ce contentieux. Ces conventions ne constituent pas un ensemble de règles autonomes. Elles ne règlent pas nombre de questions de droit et accordent un rôle central à la lex fori. Ainsi, malgré l'existence de ces conventions, les accidents de transport aérien international de passagers sont fortement propices au forum shopping. Plus encore, la Convention de Varsovie de 1929 et la Convention de Montréal de 1999 institutionnalisent le forum shopping en prévoyant une multiplicité de fors compétents au bénéfice du demandeur. De plus, le forum shopping est parfois exercé par le défendeur. L'absence de juridiction internationale compétente en la matière conduit inévitablement à des divergences de solutions, aucun juge ne pouvant revendiquer le monopole de l'interprétation. Cette thèse se concentrera essentiellement sur la comparaison des solutions juridiques françaises et états-uniennes
International passenger air transport accidents often give rise to complex litigation, as they involve a diversity of parties, with a myriad of proceedings triggered by the same causing event as plaintiffs and defendants may have different nationalities and be governed by different jurisdictional rules according to their personal status. Although air transport is the safest means of transport, its massification has led to a sharp rise in litigation, as domestic courts, seeking to secure passengers’ utmost protection tend to give an extensive meaning of the term “accident”, as used in international treaty law. Although air transport law has become more uniform, these remain highly complex litigations as relevant conventions do not offer self-contained regimes. They leave many legal issues unsolved, leaving a pivotal role for lex fori, and do little to discourage forum shopping. Both the 1929 Warsaw Convention and the 1999 Montreal Convention enshrine the doctrine forum shopping as they offer plaintiffs a diversity of convenient fora. Defenders too may avail themselves of a diversity of fora. The absence of an internationally competent court leads to inconsistent outcomes as no court may lay claim to the only valid construction of a particular case. This focus of this thesis is a comparative analysis of French and U.S. legal solutions

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Tong, William Su Hern. "The break up of Commonwealth private international law in relation to forum non conveniens and tort choice of law in selected Commonwealth jurisdictions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2007. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12862/.

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It is well known that in the early stages of legal development in Commonwealth jurisdictions, when these countries were still colonies of the British Empire, there was uniformity in their laws as the English common law was received by these countries and applied by their judiciaries with little or no modifications. As time passed, with the shift towards independence in these former British colonies, some Commonwealth countries have diverged from the English common law by providing for judicial solutions that are perceived to best fit their individual circumstances, values and needs. In other words, there has been a break up of Commonwealth common law. Whilst there has been much academic discussion on this phenomenon in relation to for example, tort and contract, hardly any has been written on private international law. Accordingly, it is the purpose of this thesis to address the paucity of academic writing on this subject matter by undertaking a comparative study of two areas of private international law, namely the doctrine of forum non conveniens and tort choice of law in Australia, Canada and Singapore, with the relevant English common law positions as the key reference point. Specifically, this thesis began by establishing the existence as well as the nature and extent of the break up of forum non conveniens and tort choice of law in our selected Commonwealth jurisdictions. It is then argued that one reason for this phenomenon is that there are differences in the judicial treatment of policies, concepts and other wider considerations relevant to these areas of private international law in these countries. Subsequently, the issue of how these jurisdictions should respond to this phenomenon was examined and we concluded that the prospects for the harmonisation of jurisdictional and tort choice of law rules at the global, regional and Commonwealth level has been largely unpromising. Accordingly, it is argued that the way forward is for our selected Commonwealth jurisdictions to develop their own rules on these areas of private international law with their own social, economic and political circumstances in mind.

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Hu, Zhen. "Students' experience and perceived learning outcomes in international collaborative programs in Shanghai, China." Scholarly Commons, 2014. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/65.

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As other programs in education, international collaborative programs face challenges of quality assurance and accountability for students' learning outcomes. Through a survey of 1458 students, the present research employs a "program logic model" (input-activity-outcome) to measure students' perceived global learning outcomes in international collaborative programs in Shanghai, China. Multiple regressions were used to test the relationship between different aspects of students' learning experience and their perceived learning outcomes in the programs. Findings of this research suggest that students' learning experience had positive influence on students' perception of learning outcomes, even when students' personal variables, such as gender, grade level, major, pre-college grades, and international experience were controlled. This research further investigated the possible moderating effect of personal variables on the relationship between learning experience and perceived learning outcomes. Findings from the analysis show that the impact of students' learning experience on perceived learning outcomes may vary by pre-college grades and prior international experience. Although these differences are small in magnitude, they suggest that the effects of students' learning experience on their perceived learning outcomes should be carefully examined.

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Panopoulos, Georgios. "Une méthode de délimitation du domaine d'application du droit privé communautaire : étude de droit international privé." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010294.

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La délimitation du champ d'application du droit privé communautaire n'obéit pas à des règles de conflit de lois, nationales ou communautaires, mais elle est fonction du but des règles de droit matériel d'origine communautaire ("effet utile") et des objectifs de l'intégration européenne. Cette délimitation prend une forme essentiellement négative, en ce sens que la question pertinente que l'interprète doit se poser n'est pas celle de savoir quand ces règles s'appliquent, mais plutôt celle de savoir quand elles ne s'appliquent pas. La méthode aboutit ainsi à ce que le juge national applique, en tant que lex fori, sa propre loi de transposition d'une directive de droit privé à tout litige qui tombe dans son domaine matériel. Il en résulte que l'applicabilité de chaque loi de transposition dépend de la saisine du juge de tel ou tel Etat membre de la Communauté. Ce résultat, insatisfaisant peut-être de prime abord d'un point de vue purement théorique, n'est pas contraire à la directive transposée, parce que, en tous les cas, elle trouve application à travers d'une loi de transposition. Surtout, il n'est pas contraire aux dispositions du Traité CE relatives aux libertés de circulation, parce que l'application du droit privé n'est pas susceptible d'entraver ces libertés et, partant, elle ne tombe pas dans le domaine d'application de ces dispositions. Tout au contraire, l'application de la loi du for qua lex fori présente l'avantage de la simplicité et donne lieu à un forum shopping désirable, parce que cantonné dans les limites dictées par le droit européen du conflit des juridictions. Il va aussi de pair avec une nouvelle compréhension du droit international des sociétés comme conflit d'autorités plutôt que conflit de lois.

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Dutra, Paula Hebling. "Institution Interaction and Regime Purpose - Considerations Based on TRIPS/CBD." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1180729582.

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Cavicchioli, Claudia. "Le traitement juridictionnel des stratégies procédurales touchant au choix de for dans le contentieux commercial international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01D046.

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Анотація:

Confrontés à un phénomène d’effacement des frontières, les demandeurs à un contentieux commercial international sont appelés à choisir le tribunal devant lequel introduire leur action. Un tel choix de for entraînera des conséquences tant sur le plan des règles procédurales et substantielles applicables au litige que quant à la facilité avec laquelle la partie adverse pourra assurer sa défense. L’étude de la pratique du contentieux commercial international révèle que le choix de for devient ainsi l’objet de stratégies procédurales mises en œuvre par les plaideurs. Les mécanismes de réaction des juges français se montrent toutefois insuffisants pour appréhender et pour répondre convenablement au phénomène grandissant des stratégies procédurales touchant au choix de for qui sont élaborées par les plaideurs. Il est partant proposé de créer une nouvelle catégorie juridique, le forum shopping malus, fondée sur une analyse de l’atteinte causée par la stratégie procédurale en cause aux droits fondamentaux de la partie adverse. En faisant application du principe de proportionnalité privatisée, une série de critères sont élaborés visant à ouvrir un corridor de solutions à l’intérieur duquel le juge national pourra se placer pour vérifier l’existence d’un cas de forum shopping malus. La création du forum shopping malus nécessite une modification de l’office du juge, afin de lui accorder le pouvoir de se dessaisir en faveur d’un autre juge, ainsi que le pouvoir de prononcer des injonctions à l’encontre de l’auteur d’une stratégie procédurale considérée comme étant constitutive d’un cas de forum shopping malus
Faced with a blurring of national boundaries, claimants in international commercial litigations are called upon to decide before which tribunal to lodge their case. Such a choice of forum will entail consequences, as much with respect to the procedural and substantive rules applicable to the case as with respect to the ease with which the opposing party will be able to conduct its own defense. The study of international commercial litigation practice reveals that choice of forum has become the focus of procedural strategies implemented by the litigants. The reaction mechanisms available to French judges have however proved insufficient to properly address and answer the procedural strategies developed by litigants regarding the choice of forum. It is therefore proposed to create a new legal category, forum shopping malus, based on an analysis of the infringement, by a given procedural strategy, of the opposing party’s fundamental rights. By applying the principle of private proportionality (proportionnalité privatisée), a series of criteria are developed in order to establish a panel of solutions against which a judge may lean to assess the existence of a case of forum shopping malus. The creation of forum shopping malus requires a modification of the judge’s function, so that he may be granted the power to relinquish jurisdiction in favour of another judge, as well as the power to issue an injunction against the author of a procedural strategy which is deemed to constitute forum shopping malus

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Archinard-Greil, Bérengère. "Lois de police et conflits de juridictions. (Essai sur la coordination des systèmes à l'aide de la notion d'ordre juridique prépondérant)." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3036/document.

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Анотація:

Dans un contexte où le recours au mécanisme des lois de police apparaît de plus en plus fréquent et facilité sur le plan des conflits de lois, la perte d’impérativité que connaissent ces dispositions du fait des solutions libérales retenues sur le plan des conflits de juridictions, conduit à s’interroger sur la possibilité d’apporter des correctifs. En droit positif, l’admission généralisée des clauses de prorogation de for, étatique et arbitral, malgré l’applicabilité d’une loi de police, associée à un système de reconnaissance pratiquement automatique des jugements étrangers et des sentences arbitrales au stade du contentieux de l’exequatur, conduit à rendre ces dispositions globalement semi-nécessaires dans les rapports internationaux. Alors que la mise en œuvre des lois de police devant un for étatique étranger ou arbitral apparaît très incertaine et que la violation de ces dispositions ne fait pas obstacle à la reconnaissance d’un jugement ou d’une sentence qui les aurait négligées, les clauses de prorogation de for apparaissent comme des instruments à la disposition des parties pour se livrer au forum shopping et contourner les impérativités étatiques. Cette solution, paradoxale et peu satisfaisante, compte tenu de l’importance et de la nature des intérêts par principe mis en cause à travers ces dispositions, incite à envisager une solution permettant de restaurer l’impérativité des lois de police dans les conflits de juridictions. Dès lors que ce résultat apparaît comme la conséquence du maintien du principe traditionnel de l’indépendance des compétences législative et juridictionnelle malgré le lien existant entre forum et jus en matière de lois de police, ce constat conduit à s’interroger sur la possibilité de déroger exceptionnellement à ce principe pour consacrer un forum legis impératif et exclusif, fondé sur l’applicabilité d’une telle disposition. Cette solution, restaurant efficacement l’impérativité des lois de police dans leur for d’origine, devrait néanmoins être associée à la mise en place d’un mécanisme de coordination des systèmes permettant de prolonger son efficacité devant les fors étrangers. Il pourrait trouver ses fondements dans certains procédés préexistants, susceptibles d’être adaptés à la réalisation de l’objectif de protection des impérativités étatiques poursuivis. La mise en place de différents mécanismes, apparentés à celui du forum non conveniens, fondés sur un système de coopération interjuridictionnelle ou inspirés de la méthode de référence à l’ordre juridique compétent envisagée par P. Picone, pourrait permettre d’assurer, à l’étranger, le respect des lois de police du for dans des hypothèses différentes. De manière transversale, la restauration de l’impérativité des lois de police pourrait être assurée grâce à un recours à la notion d’ordre juridique prépondérant. Désignant un ordre juridique dont une loi de police mettant directement en cause un intérêt étatique réellement fondamental serait applicable au fond du litige, elle devrait pouvoir fonder la reconnaissance de la vocation plus forte de celui-ci à faire valoir ses vues pour la résolution d’un litige. Elle pourrait fonder à la fois la revendication de compétence juridictionnelle prioritaire de celui-ci pour trancher le différend et un effacement des fors étrangers pour faire prévaloir le point de vue qu’il retient. Une telle solution, étroitement délimitée et justifiée au regard de l’importance des intérêts mis en cause, assurerait une solution satisfaisante permettant à la fois d’articuler harmonieusement la poursuite de la politique libérale qui s’impose dans les conflits de juridictions avec le respect des lois de police et de réconcilier la protection des impérativités étatiques avec la coordination des systèmes
In times of mandatory provisions becoming more and more prevalent, based on conflict of law, the concept of mandatory enforcement appears to be somehow diluted regarding the liberal solutions found in conflicts of jurisdictions. In positive law, mandatory rules do not prevent the enforcement of a forum clause, no more than they are considered during the enforcement stage of decisions. While the application of these rules before foreign courts and arbitrators is very uncertain and does not raise obstacles to the recognition of foreign judgments or arbitral judgment which overlook them, choice of forum clauses has become an instrument of forum shopping in order to avoid mandatory regulations. This solution paradoxically induces a search for a solution to restore there international imperativity. This result has appeared as a consequence of the principle of separation of conflicts of law and conflicts of jurisdictions. That observation leads to ask questions about the possibility of an exemption to this general principle. Indeed, this encourages to consider the possibility to admit a correlation between forum and jus in order to establish imperative and exclusive competence, based on the applicability of such mandatory rules. This forum legis would require to maintain the litigation in its courts and could ensure their application in international relations. However, unilateralism that governs rules of judicial competence should involve the establishment of a mechanism of different legal systems coordination. Depending on the type of mandatory rules concerned, it could be based on an adapted form of forum non conveniens, on international judicial Co-operation processes, or be inspired by the method of reference to the competent legal order envisaged by P. Picone. The deployment of these solutions could be based on using preponderant state notion, that would be the one with the most widely public policy involved. It would lead to the recognition of the strong vocation of it to assert its views for the resolution of a dispute and would justify both the priority jurisdiction of its courts and circumspection of the other jurisdictional authorities to exercise their competence. Such a solution, tightly defined and justified in view of the importance of the interests involved, would provide a satisfactory solution to both harmoniously articulate the pursuit of liberal politics required in conflicts of jurisdictions with respect of public policy, and reconcile the protection of imperativities with the coordination of legal systems

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Reydellet, Colin. "Corrélations entre conflits de lois et conflits de juridictions en droit international privé des obligations." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3074.

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Анотація:

Le droit international privé français tient pour usuel la dissociation entre le conflit de lois et le conflit de juridictions. Cette indépendance entre les deux corps de règles est érigée en principe tant par la doctrine majoritaire que par le droit positif. Selon ce principe, toute forme de corrélation est et doit être réfutée, qu’elle opère au moment de la mise en œuvre des règles de conflit ou de leur construction. En d’autres termes, ce sont ainsi trois hypothèses qui sont dénoncées : celle de l’applicabilité directe de la lex fori en tant que telle, mais également celles de la compétence du forum legis et du parallélisme des règles de conflit, celles-ci conduisant à une applicabilité indirecte de la lex fori. Or, selon la présente étude, le droit international privé des obligations montre qu’un tel principe n’existe pas et qu’il n’est pas nécessairement opportun. En effet, et un tel constat s’impose, tant le mécanisme des lois de police que le jeu de l’autonomie de la volonté suscitent une applicabilité directe de la lex fori. Par ailleurs, la réfutation des modes de corrélation indirecte est inopportune. D’une part, la compétence du forum legis permet de garantir l’effectivité des lois de police, dans la mesure où aucun autre remède ne se révèle suffisant. D’autre part, la spécialisation du droit international privé des obligations et l’emprise du droit de l’Union européenne sur cette discipline génère des règles de compétence et de loi applicable qui présentent un certain parallélisme qui n’est pas uniquement accidentel. La thèse invite ainsi à remettre en question certains dogmes classiques du droit international privé des obligations
French private international law holds as usual the dissociation between choice of law and judicial jurisdiction. This independence between the two sets of rules is set up as a principle by both majority doctrine and law. According to this principle, any form of correlation is and must be refuted, whether it occurs at the time of implementation of the conflict rules or the time of their formulation. In other words, three hypotheses are thus denounced: that of the direct applicability of the lex fori as such, but also those of the jurisdiction of the forum legis and the parallelism of the conflict rules, which lead to an indirect applicability of the lex fori. However, according to this study, contracts and torts private international law shows that such a principle does not exist and that it is not necessarily appropriate. Indeed, both the mechanism of overriding mandatory provisions and freedom of choice of law give rise to a direct applicability of the lex fori. Moreover, the refutation of indirect correlation modes is inappropriate. On the one hand, the jurisdiction of forum legis makes it possible to guarantee the effectiveness of overriding mandatory provisions, insofar as no other remedy is sufficient. On the other hand, the specialisation of contracts and torts private international law and the influence of European Union law on this discipline generate rules of judicial jurisdiction rules and applicable law that present a certain parallelism that is not only accidental. The thesis thus invites us to question certain classic dogmas of private international law of obligations

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Ashizawa, Kuniko P. "Building the Asia-Pacific : Japanese and U.S. foreign policy toward the creation of regional institutions, 1988-1994 /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 2005. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/123961345.html.

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Анотація:

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Tufts University, 2005.
Submitted to the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 417-443). Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;

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Aymone, Priscila Knoll. "A problemática dos procedimentos paralelos: os princípios da litispendência e da coisa julgada em arbitragem internacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-10092012-160746/.

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O presente trabalho tem por objeto o fenômeno dos procedimentos paralelos em arbitragem internacional, uma realidade decorrente do aumento dos fluxos econômicos e relações comerciais entre empresas originárias de diferentes países ou entre empresas e entes estatais originários de diferentes países. Essa multiplicidade de procedimentos se traduz na existência de duas arbitragens entre as mesmas partes, sobre a mesma relação jurídica e decorrente da mesma cláusula compromissória; de duas ou mais arbitragens relativas a um grupo de contratos, com diferentes cláusulas compromissórias, envolvendo as mesmas partes; ou ainda uma arbitragem e uma ação judiciais simultâneas relativas à mesma relação jurídica, entre as mesmas partes, decorrente de cláusula compromissória e cláusula de eleição de foro respectivamente. A arbitragem de investimento, sobretudo, é campo fértil para essa proliferação de procedimentos paralelos oriundos do mesmo investimento, envolvendo investidores diretos ou seus acionistas, com base em tratados bilaterais de investimento (TBIs) ou em contratos. Entretanto, sendo a arbitragem o mecanismo de solução de controvérsias comumente utilizado em contratos internacionais, surgem questões complexas para a regulação dessa problemática. A fim de sistematizar o estudo e responder às indagações sobre a maneira de solucionar e regular os efeitos negativos dos procedimentos paralelos (por exemplo, o risco de decisões contraditórias, a multiplicidade de procedimentos contra o mesmo réu e o excessivo custo despendido nesses procedimentos), dividimos o trabalho da seguinte maneira. Preliminarmente, o tema é introduzido pela conceituação dos procedimentos paralelos e de seus tipos, conflitantes e não-conflitantes. Posteriormente, divide-se o trabalho em duas partes. Na Primeira Parte, são examinados os clássicos princípios da litispendência (Capítulo I) e da coisa julgada (Capítulo II) como medidas para evitar o risco de procedimentos paralelos entre as mesmas partes, mesma causa de pedir e mesmo pedido adotados em países de Civil Law e suas variáveis em países de Common Law, tais como forum non conveniens para a hipótese de litispendência e pleas of estoppel para os efeitos da coisa julgada. Na Segunda Parte, é analisada a possibilidade ou não da transposição da litispendência (Capítulo I) e da coisa julgada (Capítulo II) à arbitragem internacional, além de outros mecanismos mitigadores dos efeitos decorrentes dos procedimentos paralelos em arbitragem internacional, como a conexão de procedimentos e o joinder de uma nova parte; e, em arbitragem de investimento, waiver, fork in the road clause e parallel treaty arbitrations (Capítulo III).
This thesis aims to analyze the phenomenon of parallel proceedings in international arbitration, a reality that emerges from the increase in economic activity and business transactions among companies from different countries or among companies and State entities whose business places are located in different countries. This multiplicity of proceedings can be manifested in a number of scenarios: the existence of two arbitrations between the same parties concerning the same legal relationship and arising out of the same arbitration agreement; two or more arbitrations related to a group of contracts, providing for different arbitration agreements, involving the same parties; or even an arbitration and a court action based on an arbitration agreement and a choice of fórum clause, respectively, simultaneously pending related to the same legal relationship, between the same parties. Investment arbitration, especially, is a breeding ground for the proliferation of parallel proceedings arising out of the same investment, involving direct investors or their shareholders, based on bilateral investment treaties (BITs) or on contracts. However, the regulation of such problematic scenarios raises complex questions, since arbitration is the mechanism for settlement of disputes commonly used in international contracts. In order to systematize this study and to answer questions of how to overcome and regulate the negative effects of parallel proceedings (such as the risk of contradictory decisions, the multiplicity of proceedings against the same respondent and the high costs incurred in these proceedings), this thesis is divided as follows: Preliminarily, the subject matter is introduced by the definition of parallel proceedings and its different types, such as conflicting and non-conflicting parallel proceedings. Subsequently, this thesis is divided into two parts. In the First Part, the classical principles of lis pendens (Chapter I) and res judicata (Chapter II) will be examined as measures to avoid the risk of parallel proceedings between the same parties, the same cause of action and the same object as adopted in the Civil Law countries and its variations in Common Law countries, such as forum non conveniens to the hypothesis of lis pendens and pleas of estoppel to the res judicata effects. The Second Part presents an analysis of the possibility of the transposition of lis pendens (Chapter I) and res judicata (Chapter II) to the field of international arbitration, as well as other mechanisms to mitigate the effects related to parallel proceedings in international arbitration for instance, the consolidation of two arbitrations and joinder of a new party to the arbitration and, in investment arbitration, waiver, fork in the road clause and parallel treaty arbitrations (Chapter III).

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Maguire, Rowena. "The international regulation of sustainable forest management : doctrinal concepts, governing institutions and implementation." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2010. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/41688/1/Rowena_Maguire_Thesis.pdf.

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Анотація:

The overarching objective of the research was to identify the existence and nature of international legal principles governing sustainable forest use and management. This research intended to uncover a set of forest legal considerations that are relevant for consideration across the globe. The purpose behind this, is to create a theoretical base of international forest law literature which be drawn upon to inform future international forestry research. This research will be of relevance to those undertaking examination of a particular forest issue or those focusing on forests in a particular region. The thesis explains the underlying legal issues in forest regulation, the dominant international regulatory approaches and makes suggestions as to how international and national forest policy could be improved.

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Carlier, Peggy. "L'UTILISATION DE LA LEX FORI DANS LA RÉSOLUTION DES CONFLITS DE LOIS." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00287077.

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Анотація:

À trop vouloir poser la loi étrangère en parfait symbole de la résolution des conflits de lois, les auteurs dressent une présentation manichéenne du droit international privé où la lex fori (loi du juge saisi) incarne l'indésirable. C'est oublier qu'elle est davantage utilisée que la loi étrangère en matière de litiges internationaux puisque de nombreux procédés lui octroient pleinement ou subsidiairement une position privilégiée.
Prenant acte de ce constat, qu'il fonde sur des considérations sociologiques (ethnocentrisme) et pragmatiques (bonne administration de la justice), l'auteur entend réhabiliter la loi du for. Sans aller jusqu'à un legeforismo, dont la traduction pratique serait l'application systématique de la lex fori, un équilibre réaliste est proposé à partir d'un rapprochement des critères de rattachement et des chefs de compétence. Le vade-mecum de ce rapprochement offre alors les clés de la complémentarité qui doit exister entre la lex fori et la loi étrangère.

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Hess, Martin Christopher. "The Australian Federal Police as an International Actor: Diplomacy by Default." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144278.

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Анотація:

Under traditional International relations theory, diplomacy relates to relations between sovereign nations. There have been two broad schools of thought on the dynamics behind these relations: the ‘realist’ school, which tends to consider power and conflict as the major lens through which such should be viewed, and the ‘idealist’ school which tended to focus on cooperation rather than conflict. Between these two extreme views, a third school, the English School of International Relations, also known as the British Institutionalists, provides somewhat of a compromise view, acknowledging the merit of both realism and idealism, by accepting that power remains an important element but also advocating that acceptance of common norms and institutions plays a significant role in determining relations, or the International Society between states. In 1977 Hedley Bull offered the following definition of International Society when he stated that International Society … exists when a group of states, conscious of certain common interests and common values, form a society in the sense that they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another, and share in the working of common institutions. This thesis is not specifically related to International Relations theory, which deals with inter-state relations. Whilst inter-state conflict and international relations remain important drivers of foreign and military policy, there is a growing recognition that it is intra-state conflict avoidance and post-conflict reconstruction which increasingly mitigate the risk to the safety, security, peace and prosperity of nations and regions. Much of this disquiet has its roots in maladministration, poor governance and a lack of justice. These are areas in which traditional approaches to foreign intervention via trade, aid and military force have limited effect, and in which effective consent-based policing and justice can play a significant part in building sustainable and peaceful outcomes. This thesis discusses the role played by a non-traditional actor in the international arena, the police, specifically the Australian Federal Police (AFP), in addressing some of these intra-state justice and governance issues in a constantly changing, unstable and unpredictable global and regional environment. The thesis is intended to outline the diversity and versatility of AFP activities and to contextualise them in terms of non-traditional New Diplomacy. The aspects of diplomacy of most significance relate to diplomatic qualities or traits of the individual police officer, diplomatic behaviours of these members, and diplomatic outcomes of their activities. As such the thesis does not relate directly to International Relations theory or to International Society, as espoused by Hedley Bull. There are, however, some interesting intersections which are worthy of note. There are some critics of the English School who argue that it is Eurocentric. Today’s International Relations originated in the 19th century when a number of European nations formed a club of ‘civilised’ states bound by international law, which expanded around the globe to involve all nations. This concept has been used to explain the lack of imperative for a supra-state or world government to maintain orderly inter-state relations, as the force which binds them is consent to agree to common interest and values within a global rules-based order. In terms of policing on an international scale, global government is simply too unwieldy. There are a number of global, consent-based institutions such as the United Nations and INTERPOL, which fulfil this requirement to a certain extent. The AFP has had long involvement with both of these global institutions, as well as several regional policing institutions. In terms of conflict-oriented ‘realism’ and cooperative ‘idealism’, policing walks both sides of the street. As this thesis will discuss, the whole posture of liberal-democratic policing is conflict prevention, and the means by which such police carry out their daily duties is by cooperation. This is the context in which replication or expansion of International Society should be considered in relation to the activities of the AFP internationally and regionally. This thesis is by definition Eurocentric, or more specifically Anglo-centric, due to the historical fact that the AFP draws all of its principles from Australia’s British antecedents and adheres to a largely ‘western’ or European notion of human rights values. This thesis explores the role of the AFP as an international actor. The thesis asserts that effective international policing has never been more important in linking the international with the domestic. The way the AFP operates in a landscape where traditional policing paradigms are rapidly changing, due to ever-changing, political, diplomatic, and transnational issues, is examined in the context of the ‘globalisation paradox’, of both needing and fearing, global governance simultaneously, as raised by Anne-Marie Slaughter in her book, A New World Order. The way the organisation has evolved from its origins, based on Western liberal-democratic policing values, approaches and skills, to an organisation involved in international policing and diplomacy at the highest levels, while still retaining its liberal-democratic credentials is explained. It is argued that in the contemporary international and Australian context, the AFP is an effective and experienced agency. It is further argued that this is a distinctive form of new diplomacy, appropriate to an increasingly globalised world. The AFP has established an extensive international network in more than 30 countries, has been a consistent contributor to national security, has participated in numerous international deployments over half a century, and continues to play a meaningful role in Australian foreign policy efforts. The thesis provides evidence to show how AFP officers exhibit diplomatic qualities similar to those listed by Daryl Copeland in his book Guerrilla Diplomacy , as well as those mentioned by Christopher Meyer in his book Getting Our Way. In all of its international endeavours, AFP members have demonstrated, in varying degrees, the three enduring elements of diplomacy as outlined by Jonsson and Hall in their book The Essence of Diplomacy. They have communicated and negotiated in some very challenging circumstances and they are representatives of the Australian Government and its humanitarian values. The AFP, as part of broader efforts with institutions such as the UN, have not so much sought a replication of international society, as mentioned by Jonsson and Hall, but have provided a supplement to international society, by effective networking, thereby addressing in large part, Slaughter’s ‘globalisation paradox’. It is not so much universal police homogeneity which is sought by such endeavours, as a balance between it, and the heterogeneity which is inevitably associated with cultures transitioning from custom and tradition, to 21st century expectations of nationhood. The way the AFP’s transnational operations, activities, and deployments, not only serve perceived national interests, but result in more effective regional governance, is identified as ‘diplomacy by default’, because formal Track I diplomacy is not their primary objective. It will be demonstrated how international diplomacy, while generally conducted with perceived national interests as its primary goal, has a secondary benefit, good international citizenship, and that the AFP has a credible history of serving both. It is argued that the AFP is well positioned within government, law and intelligence and security circles, in the Australian and international contexts, through an extensive liaison officer network in South-East Asia, the South-West Pacific as well as more broadly. It will be demonstrated how the AFP has shown itself as capable and ready to respond effectively to extant and emerging challenges, and as such, has earned a place in foreign policy discussions and considerations at the highest diplomatic levels, including the UN. The AFP provides a distinctive and direct link between the global, the regional, and the domestic, which matches the rapidly globalised community it represents. The thesis confirms that international policing acts as a distinctive aspect of Australian ‘firm’ diplomacy, and supplements the more traditional elements of international engagement, between the ‘soft’ or traditional diplomacy, and the ‘hard’ form of military intervention. The evidence provided shows how it is by this form of whole-of-government activity, inclusive of policing, that stability and security are enhanced, and peace and prosperity are encouraged. Overall, the thesis affirms the AFP as a transnational agency, which is well placed to link the international with the domestic, the contextual with the aspirational, and the theoretical with the practical, in a period of strategic uncertainty in international affairs at the dawn of the Third Millennium.

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Hofmeyr, Jan Hendrik. "Foreign observers in South African elections : an assessment of their contributions." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51768.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the past three decades the practice of international election observation has shifted its focus from elections taking place within a decolonialisation context, to those in independent, but formerly undemocratic, states. The latter accepted the presence of international observers with some reservation, citing the contention that observation amounted to an infringement on national sovereignty. The demise of the former East Block, however, established the primacy of the liberal democratic ideology in world politics, leaving these states with a limited choice between democratisation and isolation. Pro-democracy supporters in former authoritarian countries embraced the change in ideological climate. Realising the lack of capacity and trust to run elections by themselves, they generally supported the presence of international observers in elections of states emerging from prolonged periods of authoritarianism. Over the past decade this affinity with international missions has been transformed into skepticism. Three primary reasons for this disenchantment have been the apparent lack of electoral standards, uncoordinated observer missions and failure to convince voters of their impartiality. This assignment represents a scholarly attempt to evaluate the contributions of international election observers to South African elections. On a theoretical level it addresses the three criticisms against foreign observation. Drawing on the vast body of international literature, the author suggests three countermeasures. These suggestions, aimed at enhancing the contributions of international observer consist of: 1) a greater consideration for the political context within which an election takes place; 2) the pooling of international observer capacity and 3) more scope to, and cooperation with, local observer groups. Each of these measures is transferred to the South African electoral reality to establish the extent of their application in this practical context. With regard to the first proposal the author finds that clear consideration has been given to contextual factors in both elections. An assessment of the quality of coordination of international observer groups also indicates that the practice of pooling resources have been employed with success by a number of missions. In this field the U.N. played a leading role. Cooperation between international observers and their local counterparts is however an aspect that has been lagging behind. The opportunity for capacity building, a significant benefit of such cooperation, has therefore to a large extent been lost. In the light of this, and the uncertainty of future international involvement, the author asserts that in future South Africans will increasingly be dependent on the cultivation of homegrown capacity. He therefore believes that initiatives such as the creation of the SADC Electoral Forum in 1998 are commendable and should be encouraged.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fokus van internasionale verkiesingwaarneming het in die loop van die laaste drie dekades wesenlik verskuif van die tradisionele dekolonisasie verkiesingskonteks, na waarneming binne onafhanklike state waar die omskakeling van outoritêre na demokratiese regeringsvorms redelik onlangs plaasgevind het. Laasgenoemde state moes waarnemers, en die verkiesings wat waargeneem is, met voorbehoud aanvaar. Die alternatiewe was egter beperk. Die val van die voormalige Oosblok en die gevolglike triomf van die liberale demokrasie, het ondemokratiese state met 'n eenvoudige keuse gelaat: hervorm of staar isolasie in die gesig. Pro-demokratiese groepe in voormalige outoritêre state het die nuwe klimaat van politieke vryheid verwelkom. In die besef dat nuwe demokrasieë waarskynlik nie oor die nodige ervaring en wedersydse vertroue binne die bevolking beskik om verkiesings volkome te laat vlot nie, is buitelandse bystand - met inbegrip van internasionale waarneming - deur dié groepe verwelkom. In die afgelope dekade het die positiewe konnotasie aan internasionale verkiesingswaarneming egter in gedrang gekom. Drie kernredes hiervoor was die skynbare gebrek aan universele verkiesingstandaarde, swak georganiseerde waarnemer afvaardigings en 'n algemene gebrek om hul motiewe bo verdenking te plaas. Die sentrale oogmerk van hierdie werkstuk is die evaluasie van die bydraes gemaak deur internasionale verkiesingswaarnemers in die twee Suid-Afrikaanse verkiesings van 1994 en 1999. Op 'n teoretiese vlak is die drie bogenoemde gebreke aangespreek, en na raadpleging van internasionale literatuur oor die onderwerp is drie teenmaatreëls geidentifiseer. Hierdie aktiwiteite, gemik op meer effektiewe internasionale betrokkenheid bestaan uit: 1) groter aandag wat geskenk moet word aan politeke konteks; 2) die kombinering van internasionale waarnemer vaardighede vir beter resultate, en 3) groter klem wat gelê moet word op samewerking tussen nasionale en internasionale waarnemers. Elkeen van hierdie vereistes is oorgedra na die Suid-Afrikaanse verkiesingskonteks om vas te stel tot watter mate dié gebruike in Suid-Afrika wortel geskied het. Wat betref die eerste voorstel met betrekking tot konteksgebonde evaluasie, is daar vasgestel dat dit wel deel was van internasionale waarnemer praktyk in beide verkiesings. 'n Waardeskatting van die koordinasie van internasionale waarnemingsgroepe dui verder daarop dat samewerking tussen waarnemergroepe oor die algemeen bygedra het tot 'n versterking van inisiatiewe deur internasionale waarnemers. Op hierdie gebied het die Verenigde Nasies veral 'n sleutelrol gespeel. 'n Aspek wat egter agterweë gebly het, is die vlak van samewerking tussen internasionale waarnemers en hul Suid- Afrikaanse eweknieë. Hier is 'n waardevolle geleentheid verspeel om die kapasiteit van plaaslike verkiesingswaarnemers te versterk. Dit, en die feit dat toekomstige internasionale teenwoordigheid in die toekoms nie 'n sekerheid is nie, sal volgens die skrywer, beteken dat Suid-Afrikaners in die toekoms toenemend aangewese sal wees op die ontwikkeling van eie kapasiteit. In die lig hiervan moet inisiatiewe soos SAOG se nuutgestigte Verkiesingsforum verwelkom en aangemoedig word.

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37

Larpvanichar, Ratchaneekorn. "Les contrats internationaux : étude comparative franco-thaïlandaise." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20002.

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Le droit international privé français des contrats est très avancé, la richesse de la jurisprudence et la doctrine font une bonne preuve de l’évolution du droit français en la matière. Ses conceptions sont répandues et admises par d’autres États, européens en premier lieu, puis dans le monde entier. Le système de droit français et celui de droit communautaire sont complémentaires l’un et l’autre. Pour cette raison l’étude de droit international privé français ne peut plus être restreinte uniquement dans le cadre de droit international commun. Dès lors le droit international privé communautaire devrait aussi faire l’objet de cette étude. Quant au droit international privé des contrats thaïlandais, il est en cours de développement et a besoin de grande réformation urgent pour la coopération juridique dans l’ASEAN. L’étude comparative en cette matière permettrait donc de trouver la bonne solution et d’apprendre l’application de règles conflictuelles ainsi que d’autres mécanismes du droit international privé pour régler les problèmes dans l’ordre juridique thaï. Donc les questions de la loi applicable et le règlement des différends font l’objet principal de cette étude
The French system of Private International Law of Contract is highly developed, evidenced by a rich jurisprudence and doctrinal system. One of the leaders in the field, many of their legal concepts were widely accepted and adopted by other legal systems, first by European countries and then worldwide. However, because of their complementary and intertwined nature for each other, the French legal system cannot be studied apart from the European system. For this reason, this study covers not only an in depth examination of French Private International Law but also a general look at European Private International Law. The Thai system of Private International Law of Contracts, in comparison, is developing and needs significant legal reform, as soon as possible, in order to cooperate with other contracting States in ASEAN. Thus, this comparative study responds to the needs, and shows how to correctly apply the conflict of laws’ rules, including their exceptions, which could solve many problems occurring in the Thai legal system. Therefore questions on the applicable laws of contract and the settlement of disputes which derive from international contract law are objects of this study

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38

Cube, Nicolai von. "Die internationale Zuständigkeit der englischen Zivilgerichte : im Spannungsverhältnis von Common Law und Europarecht /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sbb-berlin/389589497.pdf.

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39

Štěpánek, Lukáš. "Mezinárodní konkurenceschopnost ČR v novém tisíciletí." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81887.

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The diploma thesis examines the development of the competitiveness of Czech Republic since 2000 by means of measurable and comprehensive indicators. The first two chapters generate the theoretical basis for following analysis. In the first chapter is defined the concept of competitiveness at the macroeconomic level. The second chapter deals with methods and principles of measuring competitiveness, which are applied to economy of Czech Republic. First is examined the export performance and its development in the new millennium. Following is analyzed the indicators of cost competitiveness compared with EU member states. Eventually are described evaluation results of the World Economic Forum and the International Institute for Management Development.

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40

Larpvanichar, Ratchaneekorn. "Les contrats internationaux : étude comparative franco-thaïlandaise." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00856584.

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Анотація:

Le droit international privé français des contrats est très avancé, la richesse de la jurisprudence et la doctrine font une bonne preuve de l'évolution du droit français en la matière. Ses conceptions sont répandues et admises par d'autres États, européens en premier lieu, puis dans le monde entier. Le système de droit français et celui de droit communautaire sont complémentaires l'un et l'autre. Pour cette raison l'étude de droit international privé français ne peut plus être restreinte uniquement dans le cadre de droit international commun. Dés lors le droit international privé communautaire devrait aussifaire l'objet de cette étude. Quant au droit international privé des contrats thaïlandais, il est en cours de développement et a besoin de grande réformation urgent pour la coopération juridique dans l'ASEAN. L'étude comparative en cette matière permettrait donc de trouver la bonne solution et d'apprendre l'application de règles conflictuelles ainsi que d'autres mécanismes du droit international privé pour régler les problèmes dans l'ordre juridique thaï. Donc les questions de la loi applicable et le règlement des différends font l'objet principal de cette étude.

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41

Du, Preez Mari-Lise. "Is three a crowd or a coalition ? : India, Brazil and South Africa in the WTO /." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/421.

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42

Chung, Christopher Humanities &amp Social Science Australian Defence Force Academy UNSW. "The Spratly Islands dispute : decision units and domestic politics." Awarded by:University of New South Wales - Australian Defence Force Academy. School of Humanities and Social Science, 2004. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/38658.

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This thesis presents a cross-national, cross-regime examination of foreign policy decision-making in the Spratly Islands dispute, focusing on China, Malaysia and the Philippines. It argues that how and why these countries have acted in particular ways towards the dispute relates to the relationship among foreign policy decision-making, government behaviour and domestic politics. The theoretical foundation of the study is foreign policy analysis. It applies the decision units approach advanced by Margaret and Charles Hermann and Joe Hagan to investigate who made foreign policy decisions on the Spratly Islands dispute in the three countries during the period 1991-2002, and how this influenced government behaviour. In addition, the contextual influence of domestic politics is considered. Four case studies inform the empirical analysis: the approaches taken by Malaysia and the Philippines to bolster their respective sovereignty claim, China???s establishment of a comprehensive maritime jurisdictional regime covering the Spratly Islands among other areas, China-Philippines contestation over Mischief Reef and the development of a regional instrument to regulate conduct in the South China Sea. Three conclusions are drawn. First, the decision units approach identifies the pivotal foreign policy decision-makers in each of the countries examined and the process involved. Second, it explains the relationship between decision unit characteristics -- self-contained or externally influenceable -- and each government???s behaviour towards the dispute. Injecting domestic politics into the analysis highlights motivations of and constraints faced by decision-makers, conditioning the form and content of government action. Third, it demonstrates a low predictive capability: the ???fit??? between hypothesised and actual government behaviour is poor. While it is not a comprehensive analytical tool, the combined decision units-domestic politics approach offers deeper insight into government decisions and behaviour on the Spratly Islands dispute than hitherto reported in the literature.

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43

Беззубенко, А. В., та А. Bezzubenko. "Безпекова політика в АТР через призму діяльності регіонального форуму АСЕАН". Thesis, Харківський національний педагогічний університет імені Г. С. Сковороди, 2021. http://dspace.hnpu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/5283.

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У статті проаналізовано створення Регіонального Форуму АСЕАН з безпеки, що є достатньо екстраординарною подією в історії міжнародних відносин в Азіатсько-Тихоокеанському регіоні, де раніше були відсутні як традиції, так і досвід багатосторонньої дипломатії. Поява такого Форуму мала особливе значення, оскільки значно вплинула на зміну поглядів лідерів регіону, продемонструвала зростаюче усвідомлення необхідності налагодження широкої співпраці у сфері безпекової політики в регіоні. В статье проанализировано создание Регионального Форума АСЕАН по безопасности, что является достаточно экстраординарным событием в истории международных отношений в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе, где ранее отсутствовали как традиции, так и опыт многосторонней дипломатии. Появление такого Форума имело особое значение, поскольку значительно повлияло на изменение взглядов лидеров региона, продемонстрировало растущее осознание необходимости налаживания широкого сотрудничества в сфере безопасности в регионе. The article analyzes that the establishment of the ASEAN Regional Security Forum is a rather extraordinary event in the history of international relations in the Asia-Pacific region, where both traditions and experience of multilateral diplomacy were previously lacking. The emergence of such a Forum was of particular importance, as it significantly influenced the change of views of the leaders of the region, demonstrated the growing awareness of the need for broad cooperation in the field of security policy in the region.

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44

Benboubker-Jebbari, Samira. "Risque, sécurité et responsabilité du transporteur aérien à l'égard de son passager." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D004.

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Le transport aérien s'est fortement démocratisé ces dernières décennies, la réglementation qui l'accompagne s'est considérablement renforcée. Les sources applicables à la responsabilité du transporteur aérien reposent sur des conventions internationales, des règlements communautaires et des législations internes. Ce travail de recherche montre l'application dynamique des sources et les résultats produits par les différentes combinaisons. L’évolution de la notion de responsabilité ouvre d'autres champs de réflexion à travers une étude combinée des concepts de risque et de sécurité du transporteur aérien à l'égard des passagers. Il s'agit également d'étudier le particularisme du contrat de transport aérien de personnes au regard des nouvelles considérations. Le droit communautaire a insufflé une nouvelle vision au contrat de transport, au point d'assimiler le passager à un consommateur. La responsabilité du transporteur aérien s'apprécie sur le terrain des nouvelles technologies. Aujourd'hui, le passager aérien bénéficie des mesures protectrices du droit de la consommation. L'analyse des postes de responsabilité du transporteur aérien permet de comprendre ce processus d'imbrication des sources, et la variété des solutions jurisprudentielles. Le droit communautaire a instauré une réglementation innovante et pragmatique en phase avec les nouvelles exigences des passagers en matière de retard et d'annulation de vol. L'intérêt est de montrer le rôle important de la jurisprudence communautaire dans l'application cumulative du droit conventionnel et du règlement n°261/2004. Le retard est à dissocier des situations générant du retard; le droit communautaire a élaboré une distinction aboutie entre ces événements. Le retard peut être subi collectivement par les passagers, comme en cas d'annulation de vol, ou les affecter de manière individuelle, comme par exemple en cas de refus d'embarquement. Le droit communautaire a édicté des mesures standardisées d'assistance et d'indemnisation. Il conviendra d'expliquer ces dispositifs et les perfectionnements envisagés par le législateur européen. La responsabilité du transporteur aérien en cas d'accident replace le droit conventionnel au centre de toutes les attentions. L'exclusivité des conventions est plus que jamais réaffirmée par la jurisprudence internationale. Mais cette élévation du droit conventionnel est mise à mal par la pratique de certains tribunaux, qui n'hésitent pas mettre à l'écart la Convention au profit du droit interne. Le risque de démantèlement du droit conventionnel est tempéré par les différents renvois du droit communautaire et du droit interne à la primauté de la Convention. La responsabilité du transporteur aérien est une responsabilité objective. Elle met fin à toute limitation financière en cas de lésion corporelle ou de décès du passager. L'absence de définition de la notion d'accident suscite toujours autant d'interrogation. En matière d'accident, le droit conventionnel opère un renvoi implicite au droit interne pour la détermination des postes de préjudices. Dans le cadre de la complémentarité des sources, il est important d'avoir une approche combinée du droit interne français, qui consacre le principe de réparation intégrale et l'application du droit conventionnel. Le passager aérien voyage avec ses effets personnels. Le droit conventionnel a instauré des régimes de responsabilité différents en fonction de la destination du bagage. L'apport du droit communautaire est minimaliste en matière de bagages, mais la jurisprudence de la CJUE a permis une interprétation renouvelée de la réparation due pour les dommages aux bagages. L'étude de cette responsabilité nous conduira à souligner l'importance des réglementations de l'IATA et des conditions générales de transport qui viennent combler les lacunes du droit communautaire et conventionnel, peu intéressés par cette partie de la responsabilité du transporteur aérien. (...)
In recent decades, air transport has been greatly democratized, the regulations has increased significantly. The applicable sources for the air carrier liability are based on international conventions, EU regulations and domestic legislations. This research points dynamic application of the sources and the results produced by different combinations. The evolution of the responsibility concept starts other fields of thought through a combined study of the concepts of risk and safety of air carrier towards passengers. It's also studying the particularism of the carriage contract by air of persons under new regards. EU law has brought a new vision of the carriage contract to the point that it assimilates the passenger to a consumer. The liability of the air carrier also values the new technologies field. Today, air passenger benefits from protective measures of consumer law. The damage analysis helps to understand this nesting process sources, and the diversity of cases law. EU law has set up an innovative and pragmatic regulation in line with new requirements on passenger delays and flight cancellations. The purpose is showing the important role of EU law in the cumulative application of treaty law and of Regulation No 261/2004. The general notion of delay has to be dissociated from ordinary situations generating delay; EU law has drawn a distinction between these events. The delay may be experienced collectively by the passengers, as in case of flight cancellation or individually as in case of denied boarding. EU law enacted standardized measures of assistance and compensation. These mechanisms should be explained such as the improvements proposed by the European legislator. In case of accidents the air carrier liability puts the Convention at the center of attention. Exclusivity agreements are more than ever reasserted by international jurisprudence. However this elevation of treaty law is undermined by some courts practices, which do not hesitate to put aside the Convention to the benefit of the domestic law. Dismantling risk of conventional law is softened by the different references of EU law and domestic law to the primacy of the Convention. The air carrier's liability is a strict liability. It puts an end to any financial limitations in case of body injury or death of passenger. The lack of definition of accident concept continues to raise many questions. For accidents, treaty law carries out an implicit reference to domestic law in order to determine the positions damages. As part of the complementarity of sources, it is important to have a combined approach of French domestic law, which enshrines the principle of full compensation, and the enforcement of treaty law. Air passenger travels with his personal effects. Treaty law has introduced different liability regimes depending on luggage destination. The provision of EU law is minimalist in terms of luggage, but the CJUE cases law allowed a renewed interpretation of the compensation for luggage damages. The study of this liability will lead us to stress the importance of IATA regulations and general terms of carriage which fill in the gaps in EU and treaty law, not interested in this part of the air carrier's liability. The Convention has established options of competence which lead to a multitude of courts. The advent of fifth option of competence is part of a consumerist approach of treaty/conventionnal law. More ground of jurisdiction are, more important is the practice of forum shopping. Jurisdiction rules have been enacted by the jurisprudence as mandatory. The introduction of standardized measures of assistance and compensation by EU law highlighted the purview of exclusive nature of the jurisdiction rules. A liability action of victims in case of aircraft accidents or their heirs before the U.S. courts is likely to result in a forum non conveniens. A survey of American and French jurisprudence is needed to measure the extent of this phenomenon. (...)

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45

Rabie, Osama Bassam J. "Developing a Cyberterrorism Policy: Incorporating Individual Values." VCU Scholars Compass, 2018. https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5549.

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Preventing cyberterrorism is becoming a necessity for individuals, organizations, and governments. However, current policies focus on technical and managerial aspects without asking for experts and non-experts values and preferences for preventing cyberterrorism. This study employs value focused thinking and public value forum to bare strategic measures and alternatives for complex policy decisions for preventing cyberterrorism. The strategic measures and alternatives are per socio-technical process.

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46

Pecho, Trigueros Miguel Eduardo. "Automatic exchange of information: towards a new global standard of tax transparency." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115364.

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Tax authorities are increasingly relying on mutual cooperation with their foreign peers to enforce more effectively their internal tax laws. After the banking scandals of 2008 and the subsequent global financial crisis, the Global Forum on Transparency and Exchange of Information for TaxPurposes has proposed the exchange of information upon request as the fiscal transparency standard. However, some measures adopted by the European Union, previous initiatives from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and, above all, the introduction of the Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (Fatca) by the United States in 2010 have promoted the need to adopt the automatic exchange of information as the new fiscal transparency standard. Automatic exchange of information allows home countries to verify whether their taxpayers have correctly included foreign income, allowing tax authorities to have early warning of possible noncompliance cases. In February 2014, the OECD published its proposal for a new global model of automatic exchange of financial account information. The new global model contains the necessary legal instruments and due diligence and reporting procedures, mainly for financial institutions.
Las autoridades tributarias dependen cada vez más de la cooperación con sus contrapartes extranjeras para administrar más eficazmente sus leyes tributarias nacionales. Luego de los escándalos bancarios de 2008y la crisis financiera global posterior, el Foro Global sobre Transparencia e Intercambio de Información Tributaria ha impulsado el intercambio de información a requerimiento como el estándar internacional en materia de transparencia fiscal. Sin embargo, algunas medidas adoptadas por la UniónEuropea, iniciativas previas de la Organización para la Cooperación y Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE) y, sobre todo, la introducción en 2010 del«Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act» (Fatca) de los Estados Unidos han promovido la necesidad de adoptar el intercambio automático de informacióncomo nuevo estándar de transparencia fiscal internacional. El intercambio automático de información le permite a las jurisdicciones de la residencia verificar si sus contribuyentes han incluido correctamente las rentas obtenidas en el exterior, permitiéndole a las autoridades tributarias contar con alertas tempranas de posibles casos de incumplimiento. En febrero de 2014, la OCDE publicó su propuesta para un nuevo modelo global de intercambio automático de información aplicable a las cuentas mantenidas en entidades financieras. El nuevo modelo global contiene los instrumentos legales necesarios y los procedimientos de debida diligencia y reporte principalmente para las instituciones financieras.

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47

Zoumpoulis, Christos. "Aspects juridiques et fiscaux de la mobilité des sociétés dans l’espace régional européen." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020028.

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La question de la mobilité des sociétés met principalement en cause deux ensembles normatifs étatiques. Tout d’abord, la société mobile rencontre en permanence la question des conflits de lois. Ainsi, la mobilité implique le passage par la question fondamentale de la reconnaissance, la mise en jeu des règles de conflit sur la loi applicable aux sociétés ainsi que, plus généralement, la nécessité de consulter en permanence toutes les règles délimitant la compétence normative de l’Etat en matière sociétaire, telles les règles de conflit (jurisprudentielles ou du droit positif) ou les lois de police susceptibles d’être mises en œuvre dans une opération de restructuration transfrontalière d’un groupe de sociétés ou dans une opération transfrontalière d’acquisition ou de prise de contrôle. Dans un second lieu, la mobilité met inéluctablement en jeu les règles formant les systèmes nationaux de fiscalité internationale des sociétés, à savoir les règles fiscales nationales ou internationales (émanant du droit fiscal interne ou des traités d’évitement de double imposition) applicables à des situations relevant des activités internationales des sociétés. Ces deux aspects de la question de la mobilité intra-communautaire des sociétés ne peuvent pas être traités indépendamment l'une de l'autre, puisque les deux corps de règles (règles de conflit et règles de compétence fiscale) obéissent plus ou moins aux mêmes impératifs hiérarchiquement supérieurs de nature politique, économique et sociale et, par conséquent, ils sont interdépendants. En outre, l’étude de leur évolution historique durant la période qui s’étend du début du XIXe siècle jusqu’à nos jours au sein des ordres juridiques analysés (français, anglais, allemand, belge) démontre qu'ils se sont réciproquement influencées pour atteindre leur état actuel. Au travers d’une analyse interdisciplinaire, nous mettons l'accent, dans une première partie, sur les points d'intersection des deux corps de règles afin d'exposer la mécanique complexe de la mobilité internationale des sociétés et afin de mettre en exergue les considérations juridiques et fiscales qui dominent la matière. Cela dit, les systèmes nationaux de fiscalité internationale et les systèmes nationaux de droit international des sociétés sont aujourd’hui en pleine transformation sous l’emprise du droit communautaire qui se veut un méta-ordre d’organisation des comportements des gouvernements nationaux et des agents économiques selon et vers un modèle nouveau de régulation du marché de nature à rendre la création d’un Marché unique au sein de l’UE possible. Dans la seconde partie de notre étude, nous explorons l’impact du droit dérivé et de la jurisprudence de la CJUE -qui agissent conjointement afin d’atteindre cet objectif- sur ces deux ensembles normatifs nationaux, afin de conclure que toutes les évolutions récentes et anticipées en matière de mobilité des sociétés, tant au niveau national qu’au niveau communautaire, s’inscrivent dans le contexte de l’évolution globale du processus de transition des ordres juridiques nationaux d’un modèle capitaliste traditionnel de régulation du marché inspiré par les travaux de M. Keynes à un modèle néo-libéral, accélérée par la pression de la vague contemporaine de la mondialisation économique. En se situant dans une perspective historique et interdisciplinaire de la question de la mobilité intra-communautaire des sociétés, nous nous efforçons d’en cerner les tendances et les configurations ainsi que d’en faire l’état des lieux des progrès effectués depuis le XIXe siècle
Cross-border company mobility principally involves two main sets of State norms. Firstly, mobile companies continuously encounter conflict of laws questions. Therefore, mobility implies a necessary passage from the fundamental question of recognition of foreign companies, the application of conflict of laws rules determining the lex societatis and, more generally, the consultation of all the rules delineating the normative jurisdiction of the State in corporate matters, namely the conflict of laws rules (whether they stem from positive law or from judicial precedents) or the mandatory rules (lois de police) likely to be implemented in cross-border M&As, reorganizations and take-overs. Secondly, company mobility brings inevitably into play the national or international tax rules which constitute the national systems of international taxation of companies, namely tax rules emanating either from national tax legislation or from international treaties on avoidance of double taxation. These two aspects of the matter of company cross-border mobility shall not be examined separately, given that the formation of conflict of laws rules and tax jurisdiction rules that delineate a state’s tax jurisdiction depends on each State’s hierarchically superior imperatives of a political, economic and social nature, these two body of rules being, therefore, interdependent. The study of their historical evolution within the legal systems examined in our thesis (French, English, German and Belgian) from the early 19th century to date, demonstrates that their current state constitutes the result of their mutual influence. Through an interdisciplinary analysis, we emphasize, in the first part of our thesis, on the crossing points of these two sets of rules in order to explain the complex mechanics of cross-border mobility of companies and point out the legal and tax considerations that dominate the matter. We further explore their transformation by EU law which is intended as a meta-order aimed at orchestrating national government and economic agents’ behaviors according to and towards a new model of market regulation susceptible to the creation of a European single market. The second part of our thesis is dedicated to the study of the impact of secondary EU legislation and European Court of Justice jurisprudence –that act jointly to achieve the European single market objective- on the aforementioned bodies of national rules, that leads to the conclusion that the recent and anticipated developments on the mobility of companies within the EU both on national and European level, fall within the broader framework of the overall development of the transition process of national legal orders from a traditional capitalist model of market regulation inspired by the theories of M. Keynes towards a neo-liberal model which is accelerated by the pressure of the contemporary trend of economic globalization. Addressing the subject of cross-border mobility of companies within the EU both from a historical and an interdisciplinary perspective, we endeavor to identify trends and patterns and to assess the progress achieved since the early 19th century

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48

Elatafy, Sherif. "La responsabilité des centres d'arbitrage." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3013/document.

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Анотація:

Les litigants sollicitent les centres d’arbitrage pour diriger l’arbitrage dans toutes ses phases afin de donner une garantie supplémentaire qui assure la validité de la sentence arbitrale. Compte tenu du rôle important que les centres d’arbitrage jouent pendant l’instance arbitrale, les litigants mécontents de la sentence arbitrale ou du jugement annulant la sentence tentent d’engager la responsabilité du centre d’arbitrage dès lors qu’il a surveillé, dirigé et participé au rendu de la sentence.De plus en plus la responsabilité des centres d’arbitrage est mise en cause devant les juridictions étatiques différentes, les fonctions et les pouvoirs exercés par les centres d’arbitrage ainsi que le régime de responsabilité leur est applicable font l’objet d’une attention critique de la part de la doctrine dans plusieurs systèmes juridiques. On s’interroge sur l’origine des rapports qui lient les centres d’arbitrage aux autres acteurs de l’arbitrage, sur les obligations et les pouvoirs conférés aux centres d’arbitrage, et sur les fonctions exercées par les centres d’arbitrage pour établir enfin un régime de responsabilité homogène et pertinent à l’égard des fonctions exercées par les centres d’arbitrage qui a une vocation à s’appliquer dans la majorité des systèmes juridiques
Parties to arbitration seek arbitral institutions to administrate their arbitration in order to have an extra guarantee that ensures the validity of the arbitral award. Given the role that arbitral institutions play during the arbitral procedure, parties unsatisfied either by the arbitral award or the annulment of the award tend to claim the liability of arbitral institution for the awards it had supervised, administered and participated in.The more the allegations of liability raise against the arbitral institutions before courts, the more the issue of arbitral institutions’ functions, powers and liability becomes controversial in different jurisdictions. Therefore, the present study tends to clarify the origin of the relationship existing between arbitral institutions and other parties involved in the arbitration at issue, the duties and powers assigned to the arbitral institutions and the functions performed by the arbitral intuitions, which helps eventually in establishing a kind of liability that complies with the functions performed by the arbitral institutions and can be applied in many jurisdictions

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49

Simčina, Michal. "Forum shopping v rámci evropského nařízení o insolvenci." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-327503.

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67 Abstract The topic of this diploma thesis is "Forum Shopping under European Regulation on Insolvency." The forum shopping means deliberate transfer of court proceedings from one EU member state to another under the regulation of EC Council No. 1346/2000, on insolvency proceedings. Forum shopping has been immensely developed recently which is evidenced by the fact that British courts have been facing motions for insolvency proceedings regarding debtors with major link to a non-UK country. I have chosen this topic because forum shopping often happens in real word and Czech expert literature keeps quite on this topic. The Regulation on Insolvency is linked to partly universal effect within the European Union. This means that insolvency proceedings in one Member state will be effective in other member states as well. The insolvency proceedings is commenced in the member state of the debtor's centre of main interests. COMI as a basic building stone of the Regulation is not precisely expressed, and only a partly construction served by the Court of Justice of the European Union leaves door open for large forum shopping evidenced by abundant decision making by the Court of Justice of the European Union and national courts of member states. Forum shopping is furthered by mutual recognition of decisions in terms...

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Hsieh, Fu-Chi, and 謝富麒. "The Influence of International Tourist Hotels’ Business Image on Prospective Employees- The Moderation Effects of Compensation System." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/rhh6g4.

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碩士
國立高雄餐旅大學
餐旅管理研究所
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Businesses in the hospitality industry have a high employee turnover rate. Attracting and retaining talented employees is a key to improve the competitiveness for hospitality business. Business image, compensation, and benefit packages are important considerations to prospective employees. The purpose of this study is to understand the impact in prospective employees’ acceptance rate due to business image and compensation. This study received 331 responses by sending questionnaires to 409 upcoming graduates from National Kaohsiung University of Hospitality and Tourism (NKUHT). The valid rate of response was 81%. Descriptive statistics, Factor analysis, Regression, t-test, and ANOVA were used in this study. The study indicates that, (1) business image have a positive impact on employees’ acceptance rate, (2) compensation system have a positive impact on employees’ acceptance rate, (3) compensation system don’t have the moderation effects between business image and employees’ acceptance rate, (4) academy and department of individual prospective employees have a significant impact on employees’ acceptance rate. Recommendations to hospitality businesses are provided in the conclusions.

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Дисертації з теми "International Forum for Moderation"

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